VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

IV SEMESTER

EC6402 – Communication Theory

Regulation – 2013

Academic Year 2017 – 18

Prepared by

Ms. K.Sobana, Assistant Professor/ECE

Ms. Mercy Subaraman, Assistant Professor/ECE

Mr.R.Dhananjeyan, Assistant Professor/ECE

Ms.R.Birundha, Assistant Professor/ECE

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 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : EC6402 – COMMUNICATION THEORY
YEAR /SEM : II /IV

UNIT I AMPLITUDE MODULATION

Generation and detection of AM wave-spectra-DSBSC, Hilbert Transform, Pre-envelope &

complex envelope - SSB and VSB –comparison -Super heterodyne Receiver.

PART – A
Q. No. Questions BT Level Competence
1. What is pre envelope and complex envelope? BTL 1 Remembering

2. Recall about the advantages of VSB-AM. BTL 1 Remembering

3. State heterodyning principle. BTL 1 Remembering

Mention the advantages of modulating low frequency signal BTL 1 Remembering

4. into high frequency signal.

5. List the types of AM modulators. BTL 1 Remembering

6. Define Coherent Detection. BTL 1 Remembering

7. Why do you need modulation in communication systems? BTL 3 Applying

Identify the differences between single sideband and BTL 2 Understanding

8. vestigial sideband systems.

9. Write about diagonal clipping and negative peak clipping? BTL 2 Understanding

Suggest a modulation scheme for broadcast video BTL 6 Creating

10. transmission.

Apply the concepts of sensitivity and selectivity in AM BTL 3 Applying

11.
receiver.
Draw the AM modulated wave for modulation index=0.5 BTL 2 Understanding
12.
and its spectra.
If incoming frequency is f1 and translated carrier frequency BTL 3 Applying
13.
is f2, apply and find the local oscillator frequency.
14. Compare AM with DSB-SC and SSB-SC. BTL 4 Analyzing

15. Distinguish between high level and low level modulation? BTL 4 Analyzing

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 16. Differentiate between linear and non linear modulation BTL 4 Analyzing

A carrier is amplitude modulated to a depth of BTL 5 Evaluating

17. 80%.Determine the total power in the modulated wave, if
the carrier is 10 watts.
When a signal m(t)=3cos(2𝜋x103t) modulates a carrier BTL 5 Evaluating
18. c(t)=5cos(πx106t), determine the modulation index and
transmission bandwidth if the modulation is AM.
19. Summarize the methods for generating SSB-SC signal. BTL 2 Understanding

Can you formulate the theory for modulation index of an BTL 6 Creating
20.
AM signal and write its classification.
PART – B
Q. No. Questions BT Level Competence
BTL 1 Remembering
Describe the concepts of AM modulation and derive the
equation of an AM wave. Draw the phasor diagram,
1.
spectrum and modulated AM wave for various degrees of
modulation index. (13)

(i) Show the phasor representation, current relation and BTL 1 Remembering
efficiency of AM. (5)
(ii) In AM system, the transmitter gives a output power of
5kW when modulated to a depth of 95%. If after
2.
modulation by a data signal which produces an average
modulation depth of 20%, the carrier and one sideband
are suppressed, Calculate the average power in the
remaining output. (8)
BTL 1 Remembering
(i) Elaborate the working of low level and high level AM
Transmitters with the help of a neat block diagram. (7)
3.
(ii) Obtain the types of AM modulators based on their
placement in a transmitter circuit. (6)
(i) Explain the function of switching modulator in the BTL 1 Remembering
generation of AM signal. (7)
4. (ii) Find the value of modulated index if the total
transmitted power is 150W and carrier power is 100W in
AM. (6)
(i)Demonstrate the concepts of envelope detection for BTL 2 Understanding
demodulation of AM and explain its operation. (7)
5. (ii)Illustrate non coherent tuned radio frequency receiver.
(6)

BTL 2 Understanding
Explain about super heterodyne receiver with neat block
6.
diagram and explain the various parameters. (13)
Experiment the need for carrier suppression in AM BTL 3 Applying
7. system? Draw and explain the functioning of such system.
(13)

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 Construct the balanced modulator circuit for the BTL 3 Applying
8.
generation of DSB-SC-AM and explain its operation. (13)
BTL 4 Analyzing
How do you examine ring modulator for the generation of
9.
DSB-SC signal? (13)
Classify the methods and describe demodulation of BTL 4 Analyzing
10.
DSBSC by Costas loop and Coherent detection. (13)
Analyse the significance of SSB-SC and elaborate in detail BTL 4 Analyzing
11. about filter method of suppression of unwanted sidebands.
(13)
i) Explain the generation of SSBSC signal using phase BTL 5 Evaluating
shift method. (7)
12. ii) How would you generate SSB using Weavers method?
Illustrate with a neat block diagram. (6)

BTL 6 Creating
i) For an AMDSBFC wave with peak unmodulated carrier
voltage Vc =10V, a load resistance RL=10Ω and
modulation coefficient ma=1, determine
13. powers of the carrier and the upper sidebands,
total sideband power, total power of the modulated wave
and draw the power spectrum (7)
ii) Discuss on pre-envelope and complex envelope. (6)
i) Explain the generation and demodulation of VSB with BTL 2 Understanding
the help of a block diagram. (7)
14. ii) How would you describe Hilbert transform? And
explain its properties and advantages. (6)
PART C

i) Conclude the generation and demodulation of VSB with BTL 5 Evaluating

the help of block diagrams. (8)
1.
ii) How an amplitude modulated signal can be generated
using nonlinear modulator circuit. (7)
i) Explain the generation of SSB using balanced modulator. BTL 5 Evaluating
(8)
ii) The efficiency of ordinary AM is defined as the
2. percentage of the total power carried by the sidebands.
Evaluate the efficiency for µ=0.5(50 percent modulation)
and Show that for a single tone AM ƞmax is 33.3 percent at
µ=1. (7)
A complex modulating waveform consisting of as sine wave BTL 6 Creating
of amplitude 3V and frequency 1 kHz plus a cosine wave of
amplitude 5 V and frequency 3 kHz amplitude modulates a
3. 500 kHz and 10V peak carrier voltage. Develop the
spectrum of modulated wave and determine the average
power when the modulated wave is fed into 50ohm load.
(15)

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 i) Estimate the percentage power saving when a carrier and BTL 6 Creating
one of the sidebands are suppressed in AM wave modulated
to the depth of 100% and 50% (8)
ii) The commercial AM station is broadcasting with an
4.
unmodulated power of 10 kW. The modulation index is
set at 0.7 for a sinusoidal message signal. Determine the
total transmitted power and the efficiency. (7)

UNIT II ANGLE MODULATION

Phase and frequency modulation-Narrow Band and Wind band FM - Spectrum - FM modulation
and demodulation – FM Discriminator- PLL as FM Demodulator - Transmission bandwidth.

PART A

Q. No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Define modulation index of frequency modulation and BTL 1 Remembering
phase modulation.
2. Why frequency modulation is more preferred for voice BTL 1 Remembering
transmission?
3. List the advantages of AM and FM. BTL 1 Remembering

4. What are the types of modulation? BTL 1 Remembering

5. State the Carson’s rule to determine the bandwidth of BTL 1 Remembering

FM.
6. Draw the block diagram of a method for generating a BTL 2 Understanding
narrow band FM.
7. Give the mathematical expression for FM and PM. BTL 2 Understanding

8. Compare WBFM and NBFM. BTL 4 Analyzing

9. Analyse the bandwidth of FM when the carrier is BTL 4 Analyzing

modulated by a sinusoidal modulating frequency of 2kHz
resulting in a frequency deviation of 5kHZ.
10. Differentiate between phase and frequency modulation. BTL 4 Analyzing
11. Assess the condition for wideband FM. BTL 5 Evaluating
12. Why FM is said to be nonlinear modulation method? List BTL 5 Evaluating
the nonlinear effects in FM System.
13. Discuss the difference between the direct method and BTL 6 Creating
indirect method of FM.
14. Point out the advantages and disadvantages of foster-seely BTL 6 Creating
discrimination method?
15. Describe the limitations of slope detector? BTL 2 Understanding

16. Outline the concepts of lock in range and dynamic range BTL 2 Understanding
of PLL.
17. Show that Armstrong method is superior to reactance BTL 3 Applying
modulator?

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18. Summarize the merits and demerits of balanced slope BTL 3 Applying
detector.
19. Apply the concepts for detecting FM signals. BTL 3 Applying

20. List the applications of phase locked loop. BTL 1 Remembering

PART – B

1. Obtain the expression for the single tone frequency BTL 1 Remembering
modulated signal and hence prove that is the constant
envelope modulation requiring infinite bandwidth.
(13)
2. (i)Show the mathematical expression for Wideband BTL 1 Remembering
Frequency Modulation. Also compare and contrast its
characteristics with Narrowband Frequency modulation.(7)
(ii)How do you obtain FM from PM and vice versa?
Explain. (6)
3. What are the methods of FM generation and explain an BTL 1 Remembering
indirect method to generate an FM signal. (13)
4. With a neat diagram, describe the concepts of FM BTL 1 Remembering
transmitters with direct method of generation. (13)
5. Describe how FM generation is achieved using Varactor BTL 2 Understanding
and reactance modulators. (13)
6. (i) Demonstrate the comparison of AM and FM. (5) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii)Predict the carrier, modulating frequency modulation
index and maximum deviation of the FM wave
represented by the equation
VFM(t)=6sin(3*108t+9sin1000t) what will the FM wave
dissipate in a 10 ohm resistance? (8)
7. (i) Illustrate the mathematical representation of FM and BTL 3 Applying
PM waves. (5)
(ii) For an FM modulator with a modulation index
mf=1, Vm(t)=Vmsin(2pi*1000t) and an unmodulated
carrier Vc(t)=15sin(2pi*500t),determine number of set
of sideband frequencies, Amplitude, Draw the
frequency spectrum showing their relative amplitude.
(8)

8. With the phasor representations, demonstrate the BTL 3 Applying

working of foster seeley discriminator. (13)
9. Explain the principle of indirect method of generating a BTL 4 Analyzing
wideband FM signal. (13)

10. (i) Analyse the significance of transmission bandwidth of BTL 4 Analyzing

FM. (6)
(ii) Classify FM detection methods and Explain any one
methods with neat sketches. (7)
11. (i)When the modulating frequency in an FM system is BTL 4 Analyzing
400Hz and the modulating voltage is 2.4V and the

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 modulation index is 60. Analyse on the maximum
deviation. Apply the concepts of modulation index
and calculate the modulating index when the modulating
frequency is reduced to 250Hz and the modulating
voltage is simultaneously raised to 3.2V. (6)
(ii) Explain pre-emphasis and de-emphasis circuits and
explain its characteristics. (7)
12. A carrier frequency of 80MHz is frequency modulated by BTL 5 Evaluating
a sine wave amplitude of 1volts and frequency of 10KHz
and the frequency sensitivity of the modulator is
100Hz/V. Assess the appropriate bandwidth of the FM
wave. (13)
13. (i) Construct the ratio detector to suppress the amplitude BTL 6 Creating
variation caused by the communication media without
using amplitude limited circuit. (7)
(ii)Design the circuit diagram of stagger tuned
discriminator and explain its working. (6)

14. (i) Interpret the operation of round Travis detector. (7) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii)Show operation of PLL as a FM demodulator. (6)

PART-C

1. A 20 MHZ if frequency modulated by a sinusoidal signal BTL 5 Evaluating

such that the maximum frequency deviation is 100 KHZ.
Determine the modulation index and appropriate
bandwidth of the FM signal for the following modulating
signal frequencies: 1 KHZ, 100 KHZ, 500 KHZ. (15)
2. (i) An angle modulated wave is described by the equation BTL 5 Evaluating
V(t)=10 cos(2*106*pi*t+10cos2000*pi*t). Determine
power of the modulation signal, maximum frequency,
bandwidth. (6)
(ii) Ho
w will you classify FM based on modulation index value
and explain? (9)
3. Explain in detail any two methods of FM Discriminator. BTL 6 Creating
(15)

4. (i) Construct a double tuned discriminator with detailed BTL 6 Creating

diagram. (8)
(ii) Develop double frequency conversion FM super
heterodyne receiver and explain. (7)

UNIT III RANDOM PROCESS

Random variables, Central limit Theorem, Random Process, Stationary Processes, Mean,
Correlation & Covariance functions, Power Spectral Density, Ergodic Processes, Gaussian
Process,Transmission of a Random Process Through a LTI filter.

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 PART A

Q.No Questions BT Domain

Level
1. State central limit theorem. BTL 1 Remembering
2. Define random variable. Specify the sample space and BTL 1 Remembering
the random variable for a coin tossing experiment.
3. List the properties of the cumulative distributive BTL 1 Remembering
function.
4. Describe mean, autocorrelation and covariance of a BTL 1 Remembering
random process.
5. What are the properties of an autocorrelation function? BTL 1 Remembering
6. Recall Ergodic processes and Gaussian processes. BTL 1 Remembering
7. Express the autocorrelation function and power spectral BTL 2 Understanding
density of white noise.
8. Write the Rayleigh and Rician probability density BTL 2 Understanding
functions.
9. Distinguish between random variable and random BTL 2 Understanding
process.

10. Give the conditions to be satisfied for wide sense BTL 2 Understanding
stationary.
11. Illustrate Einstein-Wiener –Khintchine relation. BTL 3 Applying
12. Show the input output relation for a power spectral BTL 3 Applying
density and cross spectral density.
13. Demonstrate when random process is called as BTL 3 Applying
deterministic?
14. Classify random process? Give one example for each. BTL 4 Analyzing
15. Point out the properties of Gaussian process. BTL 4 Analyzing
16. Infer the crosscorrelation of random processes of X(t) and BTL 4 Analyzing
Y(t)?
17. Summarise an expression for noise equivalent bandwidth. BTL 5 Evaluating
18. Evaluate when a random process is called as stationary, BTL 5 Evaluating
deterministic and ergodic.
19. Elaborate when do we say random processes X(t) as BTL 6 Creating
white process?
20. Formulate the power spectral density of X(t). BTL 6 Creating

PART – B

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1. Explain the following terms (i) Random variable (ii) BTL 4 Analyzing
Gaussian process (iii) central limit theorem. (13)
2. (i) For ergodic process show that mean of the time BTL 2 Understanding
average is equal to ensemble mean. (6)
(ii) Differentiate the strict-sense stationary with that of BTL 2 Understanding
wide sense stationary process. (7)
3. (i) Analyze the following terms mean, correlation, BTL 4 Analyzing
covariance, and ergodicity. (8)
(ii) Recall the properties of the auto correlation BTL 1 Remembering
function.
(5)
4. (i) Demonstrate the advantages of Gaussian Modelling BTL 3 Applying
of a random process. (5)
(ii) Describe about BTL 2 Understanding
stationary processes and its
classifications. (8)
5. Generalize the equation for finding the probability BTL 6 Creating
density function of a one to one differential function of
a given random variable. (13)
6. (i) Write about Transmission of random process BTL 1 Remembering
through a Linear Time Invariant (LTI) filter. (5)
(ii) Find the autocorrelation of a sequence x(t) =A
cos(2πfc(t+θ)) where A and fc are constant and θ is a BTL 1 Remembering
random variable that is uniformly distributed over the
interval [-π π]. (8)
7. (i) Define autocorrelation. Discuss the properties of BTL 1 Remembering
autocorrelation function. (8)
(ii) Differentiate between random variable and random
process. (5) BTL 1 Remembering
8. Discuss and prove the properties of power spectral BTL 2 Understanding
density. (13)
9. (i) When is a random process said to be Strict Sense BTL 3 Applying
Stationary (SSS), Wide Sense Stationary (WSS) and
Ergodic process. (5)
(ii) Let X(t) = A cos (ωt+Φ) and Y(t) = A sin (ωt+Φ), BTL 3 Applying
where A and ω are constants and Φ is a uniform
random variables [0, 2π]. Solve the cross correlation of
x(t) and y(t). (8)
10. Given a random process X(t)=A Cos(ωt+θ), where A BTL 5 Evaluating
and ω are constants and θ is a uniform random
variable. Justify that X(t) is Ergodic in both mean and
autocorrelation . (13)
11. (i) The random variable y is the function of another BTL 3 Applying
random variable ‘X’ such that y=cos(X) and ‘X’ is
uniformly distributed in the interval (-π, π) such as
1
𝜋 (𝜋) = , −𝜋 < 𝜋 < 𝜋
𝜋
2𝜋
Calculate the mean value of y. (5)
(ii) Show that the random process X(t)=ACos(ωt+θ) is
wide sense stationary. Here θ is uniformly distributed
in the range (-π, π). (8) BTL 4 Analyzing

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 12. State and prove the properties of Gaussian process. BTL 1 Remembering
(13)
13. (i)Identify the different types of random process and BTL 2 Understanding
give the definitions. (10)
ii) Define the term mean, mean square value, variance BTL 1 Remembering
and standard deviation. (3)
14. Explain in detail about mean, moments and variance. BTL 4 Analyzing
(13)

PART C
1. PDF of a continuous random variable is said to have
Laplace distribution given by BTL 5 Evaluating
𝜋𝜋(𝜋) = 1 𝜋−𝜋𝜋𝜋 ; −∞ < 𝜋 < ∞
2
Estimate mean and variance of random variable. (15)
2. i) Let X(t) and Y(t) be both zero-mean and WSS BTL 6 Creating
random processes. Consider the random process z(t) =
X(t) + Y(t). Determine the auto correlation and power
spectrum of z(t) if X(t) and Y(t) are jointly WSS. (5)
ii) PDF of a random variable ‘X’ is given by 𝜋𝜋(𝜋) =
𝜋−𝜋 for 𝜋 ≥ 0. Then find (10)
a) Mean E[X]
b) Mean square value E[X2]
c) E[(X-1)2]
d) Variance
e) Standard deviation
3. A sinusoid generator output voltage is 𝜋 𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋. BTL 6 Creating
This output is sampled randomly. The sampled output
is a random variable X, which can take on any value in
the range (-A,A). Determine mean and variance of
the
sampled output X. (15)
4. i) The pdf of a random variable is given as
𝜋 𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝜋 ≤ 𝜋 ≤ 𝜋
𝜋𝜋(𝜋) = {
0 𝜋𝜋𝜋
𝜋𝜋ℎ 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
Where K is constant. Sketch the pdf and determine
BTL 5 Evaluating
value of K. (7)
ii) Let X have the uniform distribution given by
1 2 0  x  2
f X (x)  
0 Otherwise
Evaluate mean, mean square value and variance. (8)

UNIT IV NOISE CHARACTERIZATION

Noise sources and types – Noise figure and noise temperature – Noise in cascaded systems.
Narrow band noise – PSD of in-phase and quadrature noise –Noise performance in AM systems –
Noise performance in FM systems – Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis – Capture effect, threshold
effect.

PART A
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Q.No Questions BT Domain
Level
1. Describe white noise? Give its Characteristics. BTL 2 Understanding
2. Define noise figure and noise equivalent temperature . BTL 1 Remembering
3. A Receiver is connected to an antenna of resistance of
50Ω has an equivalent noise resistance of 30Ω. BTL 6 Creating
Formulate the receiver noise figure.
4. When carrier to noise ratio is high, how will you get
figure of merit of FM systems? BTL 1 Remembering

5. Formulate the narrow-band noise m(t) at the IF filter

output in terms of its in-phase and quadrature BTL 6 Creating
components.
6. Discuss the need for pre-emphasis and de-emphasis. BTL 2 Understanding
7. Recall threshold effect in AM receiver and Q factor of a
receiver. BTL 1 Remembering

8. What is FM threshold effect? BTL 1 Remembering

9. Distinguish the noise performance of DSBSC receiver
using coherent detection with AM receiver using BTL 2 Understanding
envelope detection.
10. Illustrate coherent system? BTL 3 Applying
11. Classify the methods are to improve FM threshold
reduction? BTL 4 Analyzing

12. The figure of merit of AM system is 1/3 when the

modulation is 100 percent and that of FM is (3/2)
mf2.The use of FM offers improved noise performance
over AM when (3/2) mf2 > 1/3. Where mf –modulation BTL 3 Applying
index in FM. Solve the characteristics of super
heterodyne receivers.
13. Name what is capture effect? What do you understand by
‘capture effect’ in FM? BTL 1 Remembering

14. Discuss threshold effect with respect to noise? BTL 2 Understanding

15. Label noise equivalent bandwidth. BTL 1 Remembering
16. Calculate noise figure and equivalent noise temperature
for a receiver connected to an antenna whose resistance BTL 3 Applying
is 100Ω and equivalent noise resistance is 50Ω.
17. Pointout the characteristic of shot noise. BTL 4 Analyzing
18. Two resistors of 20 kΩ, 50 kΩ are at room temperature
(290oK). For a bandwidth of 100 KHz, Evaluate the
thermal noise voltage generated by the two resistors in BTL 5 Evaluating
series.
19. DC current of 2 mA flows through the semiconductor BTL 4 Analyzing

Page 11 of 16
 junction. Consider the effective noise bandwidth of 1
kHz and Infer the shot noise component.
20. Determine thermal noise voltage across the simple
parallel RC circuit shown with R =1kΩ and C=1µF at T BTL 5 Evaluating
= 270oC.

PART – B

1. (i) Write a short note on shot noise and also explain about BTL 1 Remembering
power spectral density of shot noise. (7)
(ii) Show and discuss the causes and effects of various
forms of noise created within a receiver? (6) BTL 1 Remembering
2. (i) Describe the following (a) Noise (b) White Noise BTL 2 Understanding
(c)Thermal noise (6)
(ii) Illustrate how to represent narrowband noise. (7) BTL 3 Applying
3. What is coherent detector? Derive an expression for SNR
at input (SNRc) and output of (SNRo) of a coherent BTL 1 Remembering
detector. (13)
4. (i) Express and derive the output SNR for FM reception.
(7) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii) Point out the significance of pre-emphasis and de-
emphasis in FM system. (6) BTL 4 Analyzing

5. (i) Derive the figure of merit of a FM system (10) BTL 1 Remembering

(ii) Examine about FM threshold effect. (3) BTL 4 Analyzing
6. (i) Formulate the figure of merit for AM system for BTL 6 Creating
coherent system. (10)
(ii) Create the formula to show the relationship between
noise figure and equivalent noise temperature. (3) BTL 6 Creating
7. (i) The three amplifiers 1, 2 and 3 have the following
characteristics: F1=9dB, G1=50dB, F2=6dB, G2=30dB,
F3=4db, G3=20dB. The amplifiers are connected in
tandem. Discover which combination gives the lowest BTL 3 Applying
noise figure. (7)
(ii) Discuss in detail about narrow band noise and the
properties of in-phase and quadrature components of
narrow band noise. (6) BTL 4 Analyzing
8. (i) Solve the expression for figure of merit of DSB-SC
receiver using coherent detection. (6) BTL 3 Applying
(ii) Define and explain the following: Gaussian noise and
Gaussian distribution and thermal noise. What type of
BTL 1 Remembering
PDF does the Gaussian noise follow? (7)
9. (i) Discuss how sine wave plus noise is represented. BTL 2 Understanding
Obtain the joint PDF of such noise component. (7)
(ii) Consider two amplifiers are connected in cascade.

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 First stage amplifier has gain and noise figure as 10 dB BTL 2 Understanding
and 2 dB. Second stage has noise figure of 3 dB. Estimate
the total noise figure. (6)
10. Evaluate the effective noise temperature of a cascade
amplifier. Assess how the various noises are generated in BTL 5 Evaluating
the method of representing them. (13)
11. Two resistors 20kohm and 50kohm are at room
temperature. Derive for a bandwidth of 100kHZ;the
thermal noise voltage for
(i) Each resistor. (4) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Two resistors in series. (4)
(iii) Two resistors in parallel. (5)
12. (i) Analyze the difference between figure of merit of AM
BTL 4 Analyzing
system and FM system. (7)
BTL 3 Applying
(ii) Build the noise figure for cascade stages. (6)

13. Summarize how various noises are generated in the

method of representing effective noise temperature of BTL 2 Understanding
cascade. (13)

14. Define the following terms with suitable samples for

each
BTL 1 Remembering
(i) Noise figure (4)
(ii) Equivalent noise temperature (4)
(iii) Threshold and capture effect (5)

PART C
1. Deduce the noise performance in AM and FM system. BTL 5 Evaluating
(15)
2. Propose the Power Spectral Density of in-phase and BTL 6 Creating
quadrature phase noise. (15)
3. Evaluate the noise figure by an experimental set up. BTL 5 Evaluating
(15)
4. Create techniques for threshold extension and BTL 6 Creating
improvement. (15)

UNIT V INFORMATION THEORY

Entropy - Discrete Memoryless channels - Channel Capacity -Hartley - Shannon law - Source
coding theorem - Huffman & Shannon - Fano codes
PART A

Q. No Questions BT Domain
Level
1. Define mutual information and channel capacity. BTL 1 Remembering

2. Demonstrate entropy for a discrete memory less source. BTL 3 Applying

Page 13 of 16
3. State channel coding theorem BTL 1 Remembering

4. Point out the source coding techniques BTL 4 Analyzing

5. Give the expression for code efficiency in terms of entropy. BTL 2 Understanding

6. Test whether the information of a continuous system is non BTL 5 Evaluating

negative? Give reason?

7. Outline about prefix code. BTL 2 Understanding

8. Calculate the channel capacity of binary synchronous BTL 3 Applying

channel with error probability of 0.2

9. Write about channel redundancy. BTL 1 Remembering

10. A telephone network has a bandwidth of 3.4 kHz, Solve BTL 3 Applying
for the information capacity of the telephone channel for
a signal-to-noise ratio of 30dB.
11. Explain the significance of the entropy H(X/Y) of a BTL 4 Analyzing
communication system where X is the transmitter and Y
is the receiver.

12. Recall information rate. BTL 1 Remembering

13. Identify Shannon’s Channel capacity theorem for a BTL 1 Remembering

power and band limited channel.

14. Summarize the properties of Entropy? BTL 2 Understanding

15. A source generates 3 message with probabilities of BTL 2 Understanding

0.5,0.25,0.25 Interpret the source entropy of the system.

16. Formulate the equation for finding the entropy of a BTL 6 Creating
binary source.

17. Generalize the Shannon channel capacity for a discrete BTL 6 Creating
memory less channel

18. Differentiate between lossless and lossy coding. BTL 4 Analyzing

19. A source emits one of the four symbols A, B, C and D BTL 5 Evaluating
with probabilities 1/3, 1/6, 1/4 respectively the emissions
of symbols by the source are statistically independent.
Measure the entropy of the system

20. What is entropy and find the entropy of a DMS with BTL 1 Remembering
probability s1=1/4, s2=1/4, and s3=1/4?

PART – B

1. Discuss Source coding theorem, give the advantage and BTL 2 Understanding

Page 14 of 16
 disadvantage of channel coding in detail, and Summarize
the data compaction. (13)

2. (i) Explain in detail Huffman coding algorithm and BTL 4 Analyzing

compare this with the other types of coding. (10)
(ii) Describe S/N trade off. (3) BTL 1 Remembering
3. (i) Develop techniques to improve channel capacity. (7) BTL 3 Applying
(ii) List out the need for source coding and channel coding.
BTL 1 Remembering
(6)
4. (i) Identify about the lossy source coding schemes. (6) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Design a Shannon Fano code for the source emitting
one of the four symbols A, B, C and D with probabilities
1/3, 1/6, 1/4 respectively and the emissions of symbols BTL 3 Applying
by the source are statistically independent. Discover the
average code length and efficiency. (7)
5. Examine the properties of entropy and with suitable
example, point out the entropy of binary memory less BTL 4 Analyzing
source. (13)

6. (i) What is Entropy? Explain the important properties of

entropy. (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Show that how will you use the source coding to
increase average information per bit. (6) BTL 3 Applying
7. Create binary optical code for the following probability
symbols using Huffman procedure and calculate
entropy of the source, average code Length, efficiency, BTL 6 Creating
redundancy and variance 0.2, 0.18, 0.12, 0.1, 0.1, 0.08,
0.06, 0.06, 0.06, 0.04. (13)
8. Write short notes on Differential entropy, derive the
channel capacity theorem and discuss the implications BTL 2 Understanding
of the information capacity theorem. (13)
9. Deduce the expression for channel capacity of a
continuous channel. Find also the expression for BTL 5 Evaluating
channel capacity of continuous channel of an infinite
bandwidth. Comment on the results. (13)
10. Describe binary symmetric channel? Derive channel
capacity formula for symmetric Channel. (13) BTL 1 Remembering
11. (i) Derive the entropy for An event has six possible BTL 4 Analyzing
outcomes with probabilities 1/2.1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,1/32.
(7)
(ii) Build the huffman coding for Five symbols of the
alphabet of discrete memory less source and their BTL 3 Applying
probabilities are given below. S=[S0,S1,S2,S3];
P[S]=[.4,.2,.2,.1,.1]. (6)
12. State and prove

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 (i) mutual information (4) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) continuous channel capacity theorem (4)
(iii) properties of mutual information (5)
13. Analyze a DMS has six symbols x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6 with
probability of emission 0.2,0.3,0.11,0.16,0.18,0.05 Analyzing
encode the source with Huffman and Shannon-fano BTL 4
codes compare its efficiency. (13)

14. (i) Summarize the significance of the entropy H(X/Y) of

a communication system where X is the transmitter and BTL 2 Understanding
Y is the receiver. (7)
(ii) Interpret the idea of various coding techniques. (6)

PART – C
1. Deduce the proof of various Shannon’s theorem. (15) BTL 5 Evaluating

2. Propose the ideas about channel capacity, coding

BTL 6 Creating
efficiency and redundancy. (15)

3. A discrete memoryless source emits 5 symbols whose

associated probabilities are 0.4, 0.19, 0.16, 0.15,
BTL 5 Evaluating
0.1.Construct the Shannon fano code and determine the
efficiency. (15)

4. Formulate the following using Huffman

BTL 6 Creating
coding.P(X)={0.2,0.02,0.1,0.38,0.3} (15)

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