İSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING FACULTY

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT

FOURTEEN-STORY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM BUILDING
PROJECT

GRADUATION THESIS

PREPARED BY : 010160928/MOUHAMAD KHALED AYACH

THESIS ADVISORS: PROF. DR. METİN AYDOĞAN

PROF. DR.KUTLU DARILMAZ
PROF. DR. ALPER İLKİ

JUNE 2017

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 İSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING FACULTY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
BETONARME YAPILAR VE DEPREM MÜHENDİSLİĞİ ANABİLİM DALI

ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT

FOURTEEN-STORY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM BUILDING
PROJECT

GRADUATION THESIS

PREPARED BY : 010160928/MOUHAMAD KHALED AYACH

THESIS ADVISORS: PROF. DR. METİN AYDOĞAN

PROF. DR.KUTLU DARILMAZ
PROF. DR. ALPER İLKİ

JUNE 2017

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PREFACE

I am grateful to my professors, in the Department of civil engineering in istanbul

technical university. I am extremly thankful and indebted to them for sharing
expertise, and sincere and valuable guidance and encouragement extended to me.

I take this opportunity to express gratitude to all of the Department faculty members
for their help and support. I also thank my parents for the unceasin encouragement,
support and attention. I am also grateful to my partner who supported me throught
this venture.

Dear
Prof. Dr. Metin AYDOĞAN
Prof. Dr. Kutlu DARILMAZ
Prof. Dr. Alper İLKİ

Haziran 2017 MOUHAMAD KHALED AYACH

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CONTENTS

Sayfa

PREFACE...................................................................................................................iii
CONTENTS................................................................................................................iv
NOTATIONS......………….........................................................................................x
FIGURES LIST...........................................................................................................xi
SUMMARY................................................................................................................xii
1.INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1
2.GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE DESIGN PROJECT...........................2
3.SLAB CALCULATION............................................................................................3
3.1. General Information and Calculation Basis for Slabs ……….........………......3
3.1.1. Beamed plate slabs ……………………………………..…......….....….4
3.1.1.1. Plate Slabs Operating at one Direction ………………….….….4
3.1.1.2. Slabs Operating in Two Directions …………………..………...5
3.2. Slabs working way and thickness determination ……....................…...……....7
3.3. Determination of the slab loads …………………………….………………....8
3.3.1. Slab self load ...……………………........………………………………..8
3.3.1.1. 16 cm for normal and ground floors …………............................8
3.3.1.2.16 16 cm for roof slabs ……………......………………………...9
3.3.1.3.16 cm for elevator and staircase surrounding ……...........……...10
3.3.2. Slabs live load ………………………………………...….................…10
3.3.3.walls load…………………………………………………….......….….11
3.3.4.define the calculated loads…………………………………….......……11
3.3.4.1.normal floors……………………………………………..……..11
3.3.4.2.roof floor………..……………………………………..….…….11
3.3.4.3.elevator and staircase area………………………………......…..11
3.4.Ground and normal floors calculations………………..………………..…….12
3.4.1. two way slabs internal forces calculations .................................………12
3.4.2. Moment diagrams.......……………………………….…………………13
3.4.2.1. X direction frame moment diagrams.…...............................…...13
3.4.2.2. Y direction frame moment diagrams ……..................................13
3.4.2.3.Moment balances.........................................................................14
3.4.3. Normal and ground floors reinforced concrete calculation......................14
3.4.3.1.two way slab span calculation........................................…….…14
3.4.3.2. two way slab support calculation..................................………..15
3.4.3.3. one way slab of staircase surrounding calculations………........16
4. APPROXIMATE DIMENTIONING OF THE CARRYING SYSTEM.…......….17

5. VERTICAL LOADS CALCULATION.................................................................21

6. STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR UNDER HORIZONTAL LOADS ....................22

6.1. General Information about Earthquake Calculation …………...…………….22
6.1.1. Effective Ground Acceleration Coefficient (Ao)………………….…....23
6.1.2.Bina Önem Katsayısı (I) ………………………………………….……24
6.1.3.Spektrum Katsayısı……………………………………………………..24
6.1.4.Deprem Yükü Azaltma Katsayısı…………………………...….………25
6.1.5.Hareketli Yük Katılım Katsayısı (n) …………………………………...26

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 6.2. Earthquak calculation......................................................................................26
6.2.1 Doğal Titreşim Periyodunun Belirlenmesi .............................................26
6.2.2 Toplam Eşdeğer Deprem Yükü Bulunması.............................................27
6.3 Controls ............................................................................................................28
6.3.1. Relative Floor Shifts................................................................................28
6.3.2. Unsteadiness of Twisting. ......................................................................30
6.3.3. Stiffness Irregularity Between Neighboring Floors (Soft Floor)........... 31
6.3.4 Strength Irregularity Between Neighboring Floors..…………………….32
7. LOAD COMBINATIONS..........…………………………………………….…..33
8. BEAMS CALCULATIONS ..................................................................................35
8.1 General Information and Calculation Basis for Beams ....................................35
8.2 reinforced concrete calculation for Beams .......………………………………38
9. COLUMNS CALCULATION.........……………………………………………..42
9.1. General Information and Calculation Basis for Columns ........…..…………42
9.2. Reinforced concrete calculation for Columns ,,,,,,…………...…………...…45
10. RECONTROLE...... …………………………………………………………….49
10.1. Column-Beam Junctions ............…………………………………...….…...49
10.2. Columns should be Stronger than Beams................…………………………51
11.SHEAR WALLS CALCULATION...…………………………………….……...53
11.1. General Information about shear walls Calculation …………….…….....…53
11.2.Shear walls reinforced concrete calculation......…………….………….…....55
11.2.1. Shear wall core calculations……………………….…………………55
11.2.2.Shear wall boundries calculations...……………………………….…58
12. FOUNDATION CALCULATION.........................…………………….….........60
12.1. Reinforced Concrete calculation for Foundation .............………………….61
12.2 Ground Safety Stress Control ................………………………...........…..…61
13. STAIRCASE CALCULATION......……………………………………………..63
13.1. General information about staircase .....……………………..…...…………63
13.2.Staircase static and reinforced concrete calculation.………….………......…64
13.2.1.Eğilme Donatısı Hesabı……….…….…………………………….…...64
13.1.2. Ara Kat Sahanlığı İçin Statik Betonarme Hesap………….………..…65
13.1.2.1. Span Moments........……………………………………...….66
13.1.2.2. Support Moments...……………………………………...….66
13.1.2.3. Span reinforced concrete calculation...……….……..…..…..66
13.1.2.4. Support reinforced concrete calculation....…………....…….66
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………...67

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NOTATIONS

A (T) = Spectral Acceleration Coefficient

Ao = Effective Ground Acceleration Coefficient
Ba = Design internal force component of a structural element in the direction of
its principal axis a
Bax = Internal force component of a structural element in the direction of its
principal axis a due to earthquake in x direction
Bay = Internal force component of a structural element in the direction of its
principal axis a due to earthquake in y direction perpendicular to x direction
Bb = Design internal force component of a structural element in the direction of
its principal axis b
Bbx = Internal force component of a structural element in the direction of its
principal axis b due to earthquake in x direction
Bby = Internal force component of a structural element in the direction of its
principal axis b due to earthquake in y direction perpendicular to x direction
BB = Any size calculated with the combination of mode contributions in the
Mode-Superposition Method
BD = Amplified value of BB
Di = Amplification factor to be applied in Equivalent Seismic Load Method to ±
%5 additional eccentricity at i’th storey of a torsionally irregular building
dfi = Displacement calculated at i’th storey of building under fictitious loads Ffi
di = Displacement calculated at i’th storey of building under design seismic
loads
Ffi = Fictitious load acting at i’th storey in the determination of fundamental
natural vibration period
Fi = Design seismic load acting at i’th storey in Equivalent Seismic Load Method
fe = Equivalent seismic load acting at the mass centre of the mechanical and
electrical equipment
g = Acceleration of gravity (9.81 m / s2)
gi = Total dead load at i’th storey of building
Hi = Height of i’th storey of building measured from the top foundation level (In
buildings with rigid peripheral basement walls, height of i’th storey of
building measured from the top of ground floor level)
HN = Total height of building measured from the top foundation level (In
buildings with rigid peripheral basement walls, total height of building
measured from the top of the ground floor level)
Hw = Total height of partition measured from under the foundation or from the
ground floor
hi = Height of i’th storey of building [m]
I = Building Importance Factor
_w = Length of partition or piece of strap partition on plan
Mn = Modal mass of the n’th natural vibration mode
Mxn = Effective participating mass of the n’th natural vibration mode of building in
the x earthquake direction considered
Myn = Effective participating mass of the n’th natural vibration mode of building in
the y earthquake direction considered
mi = i’th storey mass of building (mi = wi / g)
m i = In the case where floors are modeled as rigid diaphragms, mass moment of
inertia around vertical axis passing through unshifted mass centre of i’th

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storey of building
N = Total number of stories of building from the foundation level (In buildings
with rigid peripheral basement walls, total number of stories from the
ground floor level)
n = Live Load Participation Factor
qi = Total live load at i’th storey of building
R = Structural Behavior Factor
Rdown, Rup = In case single storey frames with columns hinged at the top are used
as top
floor (roof top) in cast – in – situ reinforced concrete, prefabricated and
structural steel buildings, R factors defined for lower stories and the top
floor, respectively.
RNÇ = Structural Behavior Factor defined in Table 2.5 for the case where entire
seismic loads are carried by frames of nominal ductility level
RYP = Structural Behavior Factor defined in Table 2.5 for the case where entire
seismic loads are carried by walls of high ductility level
Ra(T) = Seismic Load Reduction Factor
S(T) = Spectrum Coefficient
Sae(T) = Elasticity spectrum ordinate [m /s2]
SaR(Tr) = Acceleration spectrum ordinate for the r’th natural vibration mode [m /s2]
T = Building natural vibration period [s]
T1 = First natural vibration period of building [s]
TA ,TB = Spectrum Characteristic Periods [s]
Tm , Tn = m’th and n’th natural vibration periods of building [s]
Vi = Storey shear at i’th storey of building in the earthquake direction considered
Vt = In the Equivalent Seismic Load Method, total equivalent seismic load acting
on the building (base shear) in the earthquake direction considered
VtB = In the Mode-Superposition Method, total design seismic load acting on the
building (base shear) obtained by modal combination in the earthquake
direction considered
W = Total weight of building calculated by considering Live Load Participation
Factor
we = Weight of mechanical or electrical equipment
wi = Weight of i’th storey of building by considering Live Load Participation
Factor
Y = Sufficient number of natural vibration modes taken into account in the Mode-
Superposition Method
Ac = Gross section area of column or wall end zone
Ach = Gross section area of a solid wall, wall segment of a coupled wall, a floor or a
floor segment of a perforated floor
Ack = Concrete core area within outer edges of confinement reinforcement
Ae = Effective shear area at any storey for the earthquake direction considered
Ag = Sum of section areas of structural elements at any storey behaving as structural
walls in the direction parallel to the earthquake direction considered
Ak = Sum of masonry infill wall areas (excluding door and window openings) at any
storey in the direction parallel to the earthquake direction considered
Aos = Section area of spiral reinforcement
Ap = Sum of plan areas of all stories of building
As1 = Total area of tension reinforcement placed on one side of the beam-column
loop

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at the top to resist the negative beam moment
As2 = Total area of tension reinforcement placed on the other side of the beam –
column loop with respect to As1 at the bottom to resist negative beam moment
Asd = Total reinforcement area of each of the cross rebar bundles in coupling beam
Ash = Along the height corresponding to transverse reinforcement spacing s, sum of
projections of cross section areas of all legs of hoops and crossties of columns or
wall end zones in the direction perpendicular to bk considered
Aw = Effective web area of column cross section (excluding protrusions in the
direction
perpendicular to the earthquake direction)
Aw = Sum of effective web areas of column cross sections, Aw’s at any storey
a = Lateral distance between legs of hoops and / or crossties of columns or wall end
regions
bj = In the earthquake direction considered, column width in case the beam into the
joint has the same width as column or expands in both sides of the column,
otherwise twice the smaller of the distances measured from the vertical centerline
of beam to the edges of column (It shall not exceed beam width plus joint depth)
bk = For each of the orthogonal lateral directions, cross section dimension of
concrete
core of column or wall end zone (distance between the centers or outermost
rebars)
bw = Width of beam web, thickness of wall web
D = Concrete core diameter of circular column (distance between the centers of
spiral
reinforcement)
d = Effective beam height
fcd = Design compressive strength of concrete
fck = Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete
fctd = Design tensile strength of concrete
fyd = Design yield strength of longitudinal reinforcement
fyk = Characteristic yield strength of longitudinal reinforcement
fywk = Characteristic yield strength of transverse reinforcement
Hcr = Critical wall height
Hw = Total structural wall height measured from top foundation level or ground
floor
level
h = Column cross section dimension in the earthquake direction considered
hk = Beam height
b = Development length of tensile reinforcement as given in TS-500
n = Clear height of column between beams, clear span of beam between column or
wall faces
w = Length of wall or segment of coupled wall in plan
Ma = Moment at the bottom of column clear height which is used for the calculation
of
column shear force
(Md)t = Moment calculated under the combined effect of seismic loads and vertical
loads
multiplied with load coefficients at the bottom section of structural wall.
Mpa = Moment capacity calculated at the bottom of column clear height by
considering

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fck, fyk and strain hardening of steel
Mpi = Positive or negative moment capacity calculated at column face on left end i
of a
beam by considering fck , fyk and strain hardening of steel
Mpj = Negative or positive moment capacity calculated at column face on right end j
of
a beam by considering fck, fyk and strain hardening of steel
Mp = Sum of moment capacities of beams framing into a loop
Mpü = Ultimate moment capacity calculated at the top of column clear height by
considering fck, fyk and strain hardening of steel
(Md)t = Moment capacity calculated at the bottom section of wall by considering fck
, fyk
and strain hardening of steel
Mra = Ultimate moment resistance calculated at the bottom of column or wall clear
height by considering fcd and fyd
Mri = Positive or negative ultimate moment resistance calculated at column or wall
face
on left end i of a beam by considering fcd and fyd
Mrj = Negative or positive ultimate moment resistance calculated at column or wall
face
on right end j of a beam by considering fcd and fyd
(Mr)t = Ultimate moment resistance calculated at bottom section of wall by
considering
fcd and fyd
Mrü = Ultimate moment resistance calculated at the top of column or wall clear
height
by considering fcd and fyd
Mü = Moment at the top of column clear height which is used for the calculation of
column shear force
Nd = Axial force calculated under combined effect of seismic loads and vertical
loads
multiplied with load coefficients
Ndm = Greater of the axial pressure forces calculated under combined effect of
seismic
loads and vertical loads
s = Spacing of transverse reinforcement, step of spiral reinforcement
Vc = Contribution of concrete to shear strength
Vd = Shear force calculated under combined effect of seismic loads and vertical
loads
multiplied with load coefficients
Vdy = Simple beam – shear force developed at any section of the beam due to
vertical
loads
Ve = Shear force taken into account for the calculation of transverse reinforcement of
column, beam or wall
Vik = Sum of shear forces calculated in the earthquake direction considered
Vkol = Smaller of the shear forces at above and below the loop calculated
Vr = Shear strength of a section of column, beam or wall
Vt = Total seismic load acting on a building (base shear) i
= Ratio of Vis / Vik calculated for any i’th storey

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= Tension reinforcement ratio at the top and bottom of beam support section
s = Volumetric ratio of spiral reinforcement of column [s = 4 Aos / (D s)]
sh = Volumetric ratio of horizontal web reinforcement of wall [(sh) min = 0.0025]

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TABLES LIST

Sayfa

Tablo 2.1: Yapı hakkında genel bilgi……………………………………………….2

Tablo 3.1: Döşeme çalışma şekilleri ve kalınlıkları ……………………………..…7
Tablo 3.2: Normal kat döşemesi zati yük hesabı…………………….….………….8
Tablo 3.3: Çatı katı döşemesi zati yük hesabı……………………………………....9
Tablo 3.4: Asansör ve merdiven döşemesi zati yük hesabı……………..……….…10
Tablo 3.5: Döşeme hareketli yükleri…………………………………………….…10
Tablo 3.6: Duvar yükleri…………………………………………………………...11
Tablo 3.7: Normal kat çift doğrultuda çalışan döşemelerde iç kuvvetlerin hesabı…12
Tablo 3.8: Normal kat döşemelerinde mesnette moment düzeltmeleri………...…..14
Tablo 3.9: Normal kat çift doğrultuda çalışan döşeme açıklıkta betonarme hesap…14
Tablo 3.10: Döşemelerde minimum donatı kontrolü …………………………….. 15
Tablo 3.11: Normal katlarda çift doğrultuda çalışan döşeme mesnetlerinde donatı
hesabı ……………………………………………………………………………… 15
Tablo 4.1: Kolonların boyutlandırılması ……………………………………….… 18
Tablo 6.1: Etkin yer ivmesi katsayısının deprem bölgelerine göre aldığı değerler ..23
Tablo 6.2: Bina önem katsayısının yapı kullanım amaç ve türüne göre aldığı
değerler……………………………………………………………………………... 24
Tablo 6.3: Spektrum katsayısının zemin sınıfına göre aldığı değerler………..…....24
Tablo 6.4: Taşıyıcı sistem davranış katsayısının bina taşıyıcı sistemine göre aldığı
değerler……………………………………………………………………………... 25
Tablo 6.5: Hareketli yük katılım katsayısının bina kullanım amacına göre aldığı
değerler……………………………………………………………………………... 25
Tablo 6.6: Deprem hesabında kullanılacak katsayı değerleri …………………….. 26
Tablo 6.7: Modal kütle katılım oranları ……………………………………………26
Tablo 6.8: Eşdeğer deprem yükü hesabı ……………………………………….…. 27
Tablo 6.9: Göreli kat ötelemeleri kontrolü ……………………………………….. 29
Tablo 6.10: Burulma düzensizliği kontrolü X Doğrultusu ……………………….. 30
Tablo 6.11: Burulma düzensizliği kontrolü Y Doğrultusu ……………………….. 30
Tablo 6.12: Yumuşak kat düzensizliği kontrolü ………………………………….. 31
Tablo 7.1: SAP200’e girilen yük kombinasyonları…………………………….…. 33
Tablo 8.1: B-B aksı kiriş donatıları ………………………………………………. 41
Tablo 9.1: B-B aksı kolon boyuna ve enine donatıları …………………...………. 48
Tablo 10.1: Kolon kiriş birleşim bölgeleri kontörlü ….…………………………... 50
Tablo 10.2: Kolonların kirişlerden güçlü olması kontrolü ……………………….. 51
Tablo 11.1: Çekirdek perde için seçilen boyuna donatılar ……………………….. 57
Tablo 11.2: Çekirdek perde uç bölgesi için seçilen enine donatılar ……………… 57
Tablo 12.1: Zemin emniyet gerilmesi kontrolü …………………………………... 61
Tablo 13.1: Merdiven eğilme donatısı hesabı için gerekli bilgiler ………………. 64
Tablo 13.2: Merdiven eğilme momenti betonarme hesabı ……………………….. 64
Tablo 13.3: Merdiven moment değerleri …………………………………………. 65
Tablo 13.4: Merdiven donatıları ………………………………………………….. 66
Tablo 13.5: Merdiven donatıları ………………………………………………….. 66

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FIGURES LIST

Sayfa
Şekil 3.1: Normal kat döşemesi detayı………..........................................……..…….8
Şekil 3.2: Çatı katı döşemesi detayı………………….……....................................... 9
Şekil 3.3: Asansör ve merdiven çevresi döşemesi detay …………...………….…..10
Şekil 3.4. Normal katlarda X doğrultusundaki çerçevelerde moment diyagramları,..13
Şekil 3.5. Normal katlarda Y doğrultusundaki çerçevelerde moment diyagramları...13
Şekil 8.1: Deprem Yönetmeliğinde kirişler için sargı düzenleme ilkeleri……...…. 37
Şekil 8.2. Kiriş hesabında kullanılan diyagramlar ……………………….…….…. 38
Şekil 9.1: Kolonlar için enine donatı düzenleme ilkeleri………………...……….…44
Şekil 9.2. B – B aksı kolon eğilme momentleri .............………………………........ 45
Şekil 9.3. B – B aksı kolon normal kuvvetleri ................………………..………..... 45
Şekil 10.1: Düğüm noktasına birleşen kolon ve kiriş yüzerindeki momentlerin deprem
yönüne yöre yönleri…………………………....................……………………….....51
Şekil 11.1: Çekirdek perdesinin plan görünümü………….……………………....…56
Şekil 14.1 : Ara kat sahanlıklı merdiven…………......................................................63

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