Integrated Writing Task and An Independent Writing Task.
Integrated Writing Task and An Independent Writing Task.
Integrated Writing Task and An Independent Writing Task.
Even if English composition isn’t your forte, you can still earn a high score on the TOEFL
Writing section by following a template.
But what exactly is a TOEFL Writing template?
Simply put, TOEFL essay templates teach you how to organize your thoughts, select
strong pieces of evidence, and get the Writing score you want.
The Integrated task requires you to write a response comparing a lecture and an article,
whereas the Independent task requires you to write an opinionated essay in which you agree
or disagree with an idea.
Below, we examine the two TOEFL Writing tasks in detail.
The score you receive for this task will be on a scale of 0-5.
According to the official rubric, a level-5 essay (i.e., a perfect essay) selects the most
crucial information from the lecture and presents it in a coherent, accurate, and well-
organized manner.
A level-3 essay is satisfactory but overall vague, with fewer key points and
several grammatical errors.
Finally, a level-1 essay offers minimal coherency and fails to address any of the
main points in the lecture. ETS (the creators of the TOEFL) offers several samples of
scored Integrated essays online.
Below is an example of an Integrated Writing task borrowed from ETS:
Reading Passage
Critics say that current voting systems used in the United States are inefficient and often
lead to the inaccurate counting of votes. Miscounts can be especially damaging if an
election is closely contested. Those critics would like the traditional systems to be replaced
with far more efficient and trustworthy computerized voting systems.
In traditional voting, one major source of inaccuracy is that people accidentally vote for the
wrong candidate. Voters usually have to find the name of their candidate on a large sheet of
paper containing many names—the ballot—and make a small mark next to that name.
People with poor eyesight can easily mark the wrong name. The computerized voting
machines have an easy-to-use touch-screen technology: to cast a vote, a voter needs only to
touch the candidate’s name on the screen to record a vote for that candidate; voters can
even have the computer magnify the name for easier viewing.
Another major problem with old voting systems is that they rely heavily on people to count
the votes. Officials must often count up the votes one by one, going through every ballot and
recording the vote. Since they have to deal with thousands of ballots, it is almost inevitable
that they will make mistakes. If an error is detected, a long and expensive recount has to
take place. In contrast, computerized systems remove the possibility of human error, since
all the vote counting is done quickly and automatically by the computers.
Finally some people say it is too risky to implement complicated voting technology
nationwide. But without giving it a thought, governments and individuals alike trust other
complex computer technology every day to be perfectly accurate in banking transactions as
well as in the communication of highly sensitive information.
Lecture Transcript
(Narrator) Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
(Female professor) While traditional voting systems have some problems, it’s doubtful that
computerized voting will make the situation any better. Computerized voting may seem easy
for people who are used to computers. But what about people who aren’t? People who can’t
afford computers, people who don’t use them on a regular basis—these people will have
trouble using computerized voting machines. These voters can easily cast the wrong vote or
be discouraged from voting altogether because of fear of technology. Furthermore, it’s true
that humans make mistakes when they count up ballots by hand. But are we sure that
computers will do a better job? After all, computers are programmed by humans, so
“human error” can show up in mistakes in their programs. And the errors caused by these
defective programs may be far more serious. The worst a human official can do is miss a
few ballots. But an error in a computer program can result in thousands of votes being
miscounted or even permanently removed from the record. And in many voting systems,
there is no physical record of the votes, so a computer recount in the case of a suspected
error is impossible! As for our trust of computer technology for banking and
communications, remember one thing: these systems are used daily and they are used
heavily. They didn’t work flawlessly when they were first introduced. They had to be
improved on and improved on until they got as reliable as they are today. But voting
happens only once every two years nationally in the United States and not much more than
twice a year in many local areas. This is hardly sufficient for us to develop confidence that
computerized voting can be fully trusted.
Question: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose
specific points made in the reading passage.
Before we dive into our TOEFL Integrated Writing template, let’s get a quick reminder of
what the Integrated task entails.
For this task, you’ll read a passage and then listen to a lecture.
Your task is to summarize the lecture and explain whether the lecture challenges or supports
what’s written in the passage.
You’ll have 20 minutes to compose a response of around 150-225 words.
We’ll divide our template into four paragraphs: an introduction and three body
paragraphs.
You shouldn’t need a separate concluding paragraph for this task, as you can still score a 5
without one (plus, you likely won’t have enough time to write one!).
But if you want to write a conclusion, just be sure you keep it short — two to three
sentences at most.
Now, on to the TOEFL Integrated Writing template!
Paragraph 1 (Introduction)
Your first paragraph will introduce the lecture and how it relates to the reading.
This paragraph doesn’t need to be long; a simple two or three sentences should suffice.
1. Begin with a topic sentence that summarizes the main point of the lecture.
Examples:
• According to the lecture, …
• Based on the lecture, …
• The lecturer states/believes that …
• The lecturer talks about …
• The lecturer discusses …
2. Next, explain whether the passage refutes or supports the main point of the lecture.
Examples (Contrast):
• By contrast, the author of the passage explains/states/posits that …
• The author of the passage, however, disagrees with this idea/belief. Instead, he/she
believes that …
• The author of the passage, however, doubts this idea/belief and thinks that …
• The author challenges this point, however, by explaining/suggesting/positing that …
Examples (Agreement):
• This line of thinking agrees with that of the author, who states that …
• The author of the passage agrees with this notion/idea/belief, stating that …
• Likewise, the author of the passage explains/states/posits that …
• The author of the passage supports this idea/belief, explaining that …
Paragraph 2 (Body)
In this paragraph, you’ll want to focus on one of the key points in the lecture and explain
whether the passage refutes or supports this idea.
2. Next, describe this particular point in more detail and then discuss how the passage
either refutes or supports it. I suggest using one to two sentences here.
Examples:
• On the other hand, the author asserts/claims/suggests that …
• Likewise, the author thinks/believes that …
• This concept is refuted/supported by the passage, which asserts/claims/suggests that
…
3. Finally, conclude your paragraph by explaining what this difference or similarity
means.
Examples:
Paragraph 3 (Body)
In this paragraph, you’ll focus on another key point in the lecture and again discuss how
the passage either agrees or disagrees with this idea.
The structure here is essentially identical to that of paragraph 2, so make sure you are using
new transitions and varying your word choice.
2. Next, explain this key point in more detail and elaborate on how it is either refuted or
supported by the passage. As with paragraph 2, I recommend using one to two sentences
here.
Examples:
• In other words, the lecturer is suggesting/proposing that …
• The author, however, agrees/disagrees with this idea/belief, suggesting/proposing
that …
• Similarly, the author argues/contends/asserts that …
3. Finally, explain what this difference or similarity means.
Examples:
• What this difference/similarity means is that …
• This difference/similarity in thinking tells us that …
• Evidently, the lecturer thinks/believes that … , whereas the author thinks/believes
that …
1. Introduce and summarize the third point in the lecture. This is your third and final
body paragraph, so do not use transitions such as “first” or “next.”
Instead, use transitions such as “third,” “finally,” “last,” and “lastly.”
Examples:
• Third, the lecturer explains/states that …
• Finally, the lecturer introduces the idea that …
• Lastly, the lecturer goes on to say that …
2. Then, explain this point in more detail and discuss whether the passage matches or
challenges it. Use one or two sentences here.
Examples:
• This point is also made in the passage, which argues/contends/asserts that …
• The passage supports this idea, suggesting/proposing that …
• On the contrary, the author writes that …
Paragraph 1 (Introduction)
In this paragraph, you’ll introduce the main issue or idea and rephrase the prompt in your
own words. Then, you’ll state whether you agree or disagree with the statement and why.
1. For your first sentence, you’ll want to come up with a hook that introduces the topic of
your essay in a unique and creative way. Most people start broad and then get specific.
This sentence is also a great opportunity to insert a hypothetical question.
Examples:
• There is great debate about ...
• It is said that ... But is this always true?
• Many people wonder whether telling the truth at all times is necessary in order to
maintain a healthy relationship with someone.
2. Next, introduce your opinion on the topic. You may list your specific reasons for
your opinion here or in the following sentence(s). Remember, this doesn’t need to be
your real opinion!
Examples:
• In my opinion, …
• I believe that … is important because …
• I agree/disagree with this idea/suggestion because …
• For me, although telling the truth is important, there are many cases in which it’s
OK to lie.
3. Here, state how many points (three is ideal) you’ll be discussing in your essay and
then briefly summarize what these reasons for agreeing or disagreeing are. Y
our reasons may come from facts, predictions, personal beliefs, experiences, etc.
Examples:
• In this essay, I will address three potential problems with lying in relationships.
• Lying is never a smart idea because it undermines trust in relationships, causes
feelings of betrayal, and often leads to more lying.
Paragraph 2 (Body)
In this paragraph, you’ll introduce your first key point about the issue and offer specific
examples illustrating why you agree or disagree.
1. For the first sentence, introduce the key point you want to talk about.
Example:
• First of all, lying can make it difficult to trust someone in a relationship.
2. Next, provide an example to explain why you believe this is the case. I suggest using a
hypothetical situation somewhere in your essay to help illustrate one of your points.
Example:
• For example, if a father lied to his daughter by telling her she was good at drawing,
the daughter might begin to wonder whether her father has lied to her about other
things, too.
Paragraph 3 (Body)
This paragraph will follow a similar structure to that of paragraph 2, only this time you’ll
discuss your second key point. To prevent this paragraph from sounding too similar to the
one before it, vary your word choice and choose a different type of example on which to
focus.
2. As you did in paragraph 2, use these next few sentences to elaborate on your point and
offer specific examples. Always clarify how your examples support your stance (agree or
disagree) and how they relate back to the issue stated in the prompt.
Example:
• When I was young, I lied to my best friend about being able to attend her birthday
party. She later told me I’d betrayed her and that we couldn’t be friends anymore.
Essentially, because I’d lied to her, I destroyed our relationship.
Paragraph 4 (Body)
This is the last body paragraph in which you will introduce and explain your third and
final key point.
2. As you did in paragraphs 2 and 3, elaborate on this point by providing new evidence,
details, and/or examples. Explain why this point is important and how it supports your
stance on the issue.
Example:
• If you lie but nobody knows you’ve lied, you might begin to believe it’s OK to lie. As
a result, you start to lie more and more. However, once people realize how often you
lie, they’ll likely lose all trust in you and might even decide to end their relationships
with you.
Paragraph 5 (Conclusion)
Like the Integrated Writing task, a separate concluding paragraph isn’t always necessary
here. That said, if you have time, I recommend quickly wrapping up your points in a concise
yet effective conclusion. One to three sentences should do.
1. In the first sentence or two, summarize your stance and explain why you feel this
way. You may re-introduce your three main points here. You may also paraphrase the
prompt and explain once more whether you agree or disagree with the issue and why.
Examples:
• In the end, I believe telling the truth is the most important consideration in a
relationship.
• Ultimately, lying can easily destroy relationships because it weakens trust, results
in feelings of betrayal, and often causes more lying.
2. Finally, if you have time, bring together your concluding paragraph with a single
general statement about your viewpoint.
Examples:
• This is why it is imperative we always refrain from lying.
• Thus, the only way to ensure your relationships with others are healthy is to always
tell the truth.
54 Key Transitions & Phrases
In addition to TOEFL essay templates there are an assortment of common transitions and
phrases you can use in your TOEFL responses.
These words will allow your writing to flow more smoothly and connect your thoughts in a
clearer, more logical manner.
To introduce an example:
• For example, …
• For instance, …
To introduce an opinion:
• In my opinion, …
• I believe that …
• I think that …
To contrast information:
• However, …
• That (being) said, …
• Nevertheless, …
• Nonetheless, …
• By/in contrast, …
• On the contrary, …
• On the other hand, …
To emphasize information:
• Indeed, …
• Evidently, …
• Clearly, …
• Certainly, …
To conclude information, a paragraph, or your overall response:
• In conclusion, …
• All in all, …
• As you can see, …
• In the end, …
• Ultimately, …
Just be sure that the examples you’re using in your essay fit with the type of lecture-passage
relationship you’re given. Remember, this relationship can be either supportive (in which
the lecture agrees with the passage) or contrastive (in which the lecture disagrees with the
passage).
#2: Use Different Words to Emphasize Contrast
Most Integrated Writing tasks will give you a lecture that challenges what’s written in the
passage. In these cases, it’s important you use a variety of transitions, conjunctions, and
prepositions to emphasize this important contrast throughout your essay.
There is one caveat, though: do not use a single transition more than once in your
response.
For instance, if you were to consistently start your supporting sentences with “however,”
your essay would lack balance and begin to sound redundant. So be sure to vary your word
choice!
Here is a list of strong contrastive words you can use in your Integrated Writing response:
• However, …
• That (being) said, …
• Nevertheless, …
• Nonetheless …
• By/in contrast, …
• On the contrary, …
• On the other hand, …
• Although
• Though
• Even though
• Even if
• Despite
• In spite of
• While
• Whereas
• But
• Yet
Independent Writing Template
Here are three ways you can customize our Independent Writing TOEFL template.
As you can see many essays with scores of 2 and 3 actually address three points — but
their points are altogether weak, with few supporting details and insufficient analysis.
What this means is that just having three points in your essay isn’t enough to guarantee
you a high essay score. Thus, it’s far better to write an essay with two strong points than
three weak ones.