KULIAH4 EC3 Column-Kl PDF
KULIAH4 EC3 Column-Kl PDF
KULIAH4 EC3 Column-Kl PDF
Lecture 4
Columns and struts carry load primarily in compression along their length,
and are found in most building structures.
Loads to column
Axial load
Wind load
- Due to eccentricity
M - Lateral load
- Rigid frame
Types of cross-section
Dominant mode of failure to be considered is axial buckling. Buckling
normally expected to occur about the weakest axis.
CHS
SHS
UC
UB
Column Behaviour
Column buckling was first investigated by Euler who established that the
buckling strength is inversely proportional to the square of the
slenderness ratio.
2
EI
Ncr
L2 (1)
σe = π2E./(L/i)2
(Further reading
please!!!!!)
Perry observed:
• All columns contain imperfections and will deflect laterally from
the onset of loading
• The maximum stress along the column length will occur at mid-
height and on the inner surface
• The maximum stress will comprise 2 components – axial stress and
bending stress
• Failure may be assumed when the maximum stress reaches yield
Robertson contribution:
• The bending stress component is a function of the lateral
deflection, which is, in turn, an amplification of the initial
imperfection e0,d
• Robertson determined suitable values for these initial
imperfections for a range of structural cross-sections
• Eurocode 3 uses the Perry-Robertson concept
• Five different imperfection amplitudes are included (through the
imperfection factor a), giving five buckling curves
Verification
NEd Nc ,Rd
NEd Nb,Rd
Cross-section resistance
Af y
N c , Rd for Class 1, 2 or 3 sections
M0
Aeff f y
N c , Rd for Class 4 sections
M0
A fy
Nb,Rd For Class 1, 2 & 3
M1
A eff fy
Nb,Rd For Class 4
M1
1
2 2 0 ,5
1
( )
2
0,5 (1 ( 0.2) )
E 1
fcr fcr fy Afy
1
E 1 fcr Ncr
fy fy
A fy
for Class1, 2 and3
Ncr
A eff fy
for Class 4
Ncr
Ncr is the elastic critical buckling load for the relevant buckling mode
based on the gross properties of the cross-section
Buckling ao a b c d
curve
Imperfection 0.13 0.21 0.34 0.49 0.76
factor
2
EI
Ncr 2
L
Buckling
curve
Buckling
Cross-section Limits about S235
axis S275
S460
S355
S420
y–y a a0
b tf ≤ 40 mm
z-z b a0
z
h/b > 1.2
40 mm < tf y–y b a
tw ≤ 100 mm z-z c a
Rolled I-
sections h y
y
y–y b a
tf ≤ 100 mm
z-z c a
r h/b ≤ 1.2
tf
y–y d c
tf > 100 mm
z z-z d c
z
z y–y b b
Welded tf ≤ 40 mm
z-z c c
I- y y y y
sections tf tf
y–y c c
tf > 40 mm
z z z-z d d
End restraint (in the plane under consideration) Buckling length Lcr
Effectively restrained in
1.2 L
direction
Effectively held
in position and Not held Partially restrained in
1.5 L
restrained in in position direction
direction
Not restrained in
2.0 L
direction
EXAMPLE
R1
R2
Solution
Classification
Flange:
Web
cw = 160.8
cw/tw = 160.8/8 = 20.1 ≤ 33ε Class 1
Verification
Compression resistance
Buckling resistance
1
2 2 0 ,5
1 Eq (6.49)
( )
2
0,5 (1 ( 0.2) )
A fy
for Class1, 2 and3
Ncr
Therefore
Therefore
Discussion
N Ed M y , Ed M z , Ed
1.0
N pl , Rd M c , y , Rd M c , z , Rd For Class 1, 2, and 3
A braced column 4.5 m long is subjected to the factored end loads and
moments about y-y axis as shown in Figure 1. The column is held in
position but only partially restrained in direction at the ends. Check that
a 203x203x52UC in grade S275 is adequate.
880 kN
z
y
35kNm
y
z
12 kNm
kNm
880 kN
Section classification
Ag = 66.4cm2
t = 12.5 mm 40 mm , fy = 275N/mm2
= (235/275)0.5 = 0.92
Flange:
cf =
Web:
cw = 160.8
cw / tw = 160.8/7.9 = 20.35
But
Therefore take
As
Class 1
Verification:
(1)Cross-sectional resistance
N Ed M y , Ed M z , Ed
1.0
Nc, Rd M c, y , Rd M c, z , Rd
NEd = 880 kN
880 35
0 0.48 0.25 0.73 1.0 OK!!
1826 140.3
AND
Exercise
20 kN/m
E
40kN
B C
6m 4m
5m
D
A
eccentricity.
(a)
reaction
e
Cap packing
plate
(b)
(c)
Eccentricity of loading e
should be taken as 100 mm
from the face of column or
at the center of the length of
stiff bearing, = whichever
is greater
e =h/2 +100
e = t/2 + 100
e = b/2 +100
(iv) For multi-storey column, net moment at any one level should
be distributed between upper column and lower column of
that level in proportion of their bending stiffness I/L.
L1
L2
Example
Column subjected to axial load and moment (nominal) – Simple
Construction.
L = 4300 mm
Elevation
230kN
Column size
180kN 170kN
203x203x52UC
Grade S275
300kN
Plan
Solution
Cross-section classification:
Flange:
Web:
cw = 160.8
cw / tw = 160.8/7.9 = 20.35
But
Therefore take
As
Class 1
Eccentricity:
h 206.2
e y
2
100
2
100 203.1mm
t w 7.9
e z
2
100
2
100 104 mm
Note:
For multi-storey building the bending moment are distributed in
propotion to bending stiffness I/L of the upper and lower column!!!!!!!!!
ψyMy,Ed ψzMz,Ed
From Eq.(6.49)
Where :
From Eq.(6.50)
Therefore
Then
ok!
Determine Nz,b,Rd
Therefore
Then
Therefore
Determine My,b,Rd
Where and
Cl 6.3.2.2(1)
1.0 =………..kNm
TO BE CONTINUE BY STUDENTS
and
Determine Mz,cb,Rd
Verification:
Assignment 60
60
145
145 90
295
90
3.0 m
200 200
340
340 260
800
260
3.5 m
Solution:
Classification:
Try out yourself!