UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

Caloocan Campus

A THESIS PROPOSAL ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION

FROM PIGWASTE

Submitted by;

Serrano, King Felipe IV

March 6, 2018
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Biogas is typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced or created by

the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced

from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material,

sewage, green waste or food waste. It is a renewable energy source and in many cases

exerts a very small carbon footprint. The natural waste will not become biogas without

the Anaerobic Digestion Process and according to Plinus (1980, p. 11) The Anaerobic

Digestion is the appearance of flickering lights emerging from below the surface of

swamps and Helmont, Van (1980, p. 11) recorded the emanation of an inflammable gas

from decaying organic matter in 17th Century. He concluded as early as 1776 that the

amount of gas that evolves is a function of the amount of decaying vegetation in the

sediments from which the gas emerges, and that in certain proportions, the gas

obtained forms an explosive mixture with air.

Roosevelt (1858-1919) expressed that the country carries on well if its regards

common assets as resources which it must swing over to the cutting edge expanded

and not impeded in worth. Preservation implies improvement as much as it insurance

and Mital, K. M.(1997, p. 55–56) wrote a book about the history of biogas production

that after India and China, Philippines is the third major country in Asia Pacific Region

where biogas programme has been pursued with spectacular success. Office on Energy

Affairs (OEA) through its Non-Conventional Resources Division (NCRD) is promoting

non-conventional technologies including biogas. The OEA-NCRD combine has assisted

numerous in past for promoting biomethanation.

The problems that we may encounter in this technical research are the following:

First of all is that we need to know if this project is not time consuming because if it is,

maybe we can’t finish this research by the end of the semester. Second are the

materials that we need in creating our own biogas digester and the cost that we may

consume in buying the materials for this research. Third, we need to make this project

useful so that our beneficiaries will not be disappointed. And lastly, we need to have

good weather condition so that the bacteria will perform the anaerobic process but if the

weather is not good as much as biogas digester needed, it will not produce biogas.

Our technical research focus is to make a biogas from piggery waste using our

simple biogas digester. And Marchiam, U. (1992, p. 223) stated that tangible benefits of

a biogas system are those that are easily quantifiable and have monetary value. Such

benefits include the value of the gas and the digested slurry produced, both as fertilizer

and as peat-moss substitute. Intangible benefits are those that are not easily quantified

or related to a monetary value. Examples include the value of an improvement in

environmental sanitation, odour prevention etBiofeed — Solids recovered from digested

sludge and used as animal fodder.

B. Statement of the Problem

This study aims to produce biogas from piggery waste using a biogas digester.

Specifically, the following questions will be answered:

1. What kind of pig manure we will be using in our experimentation?

 2. How to build a simple biogas digester?

3. What is the process of using pig manure to produce biogas?

C. Objective of the study

General Objectives:

This study aims to produce biogas from piggery waste using a biogas

digester.

Specific Objectives:

- To use the anaerobic digestion process

- To develop a prototype of a digester that is producing biogas

- To use pig manure as source of producing biogas

D. Significance of the study

There is a chance to use this technology/method on places that have a piggery.

This research is worth doing because it can help the owners to use pig manure not only

as fertilizer but as well as biogas. It can be an alternative solution when you are out of

gas. It can be practical as a method of waste management. It is a study connected in

engineering because it studies about conserving energy by the use of organic waste

that we will convert into biogas.

E. Scope and Limitations

Our main objective is to produce biogas from piggery waste with the use of

simple biogas digester. Depending on the size of our prototype our calculation is that we

can make an amount of biogas. It can help the place as a method of waste

management.
 However, with these conditions we may only have a limited output to produce.

The amount of the manures we can get is limited due to the size we will conduct our test

experiment. Also the cost of the research will affect the outcome of the experiment.
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

A. Related Literature

Biogas is a renewable and feasible vitality bearer produced by means of

anaerobic digestion of biomass. It can be gotten from different biomass assets i.e.

sewage ooze, natural wastes, animals compost and vitality crops. Biofuels are

renewable energy sources from living organisms. They are chemical energy in plants

converted through photosynthesis. Further conversion processes of decay, burning and

heating of the chemical energy continues into the rest of the living world (Igoni et al,

2008). Biogas consists of CH4 and carbon dioxide, CO2 (Karena, et al. 2004). The

discretionary blend of biogas feedstock relies on upon the decision of aging frameworks

as for techno-financial criteria and the accessibility of biogas feedstock. The biogas

generation yield relies on upon the creation and biodegradability of the waste feedstock;

however its rate of creation relies on upon the number of inhabitants in microbes, their

development conditions and the temperature of the procedure (Escobar, 2014). Hog

manure is a good raw material for anaerobic digestion because of its relatively uniform

physical and chemical properties. A medium adult pig produces approximately 2 kg of

recoverable manure per day.

According to Berglund (2006) the anaerobic digestion and the production of

biogas can provide an efficient means of meeting several objectives concerning energy,

environmental and waste management policy. Interest in biogas is increasing, and new

facilities are being built. There is a wide range of potential raw material, and both the
biogas and digestates produced can be used in many different applications. The

variation in raw materials and digestion processes contributes to the flexibility of biogas

production systems, but at the same time makes their analysis and comparison more

complicated. In this thesis, the energy performance in the life cycle of biogas production

is assessed, as well as the environmental impact of introducing biogas systems to

replace various fuels and existing strategies for the handling of various raw materials.

The energy performance and environmental impact vary greatly between the biogas

systems studied depending on the raw material digested and the reference system

replaced.

Energy is a very important part of living needed for everything in life, such as

transportation, heat and electricity etc. presently, the demand for energy is more than

the supply making the deployment of renewable energy such as solar, wind, biomass,

and biogas necessary to meet the increasing energy demand (Ofoefule, et al, 2011).

Biogas production is identified with the synthetic organization of the substrate. Low

centralizations of natural matter, for example, lipids and protein will prompt a low biogas

generation. Notwithstanding, high natural matter fixations in substrates will have a

negative impact on biogas generation, creating frothing and restraint if not co-matured

with biomasses low in protein and lipids (Kougias et al., 2013).

Temperature is an important factor in the biogas production. Most of the acid-

forming microorganisms grow under mesophilic conditions; however, for methanogens,

a higher temperature is favorable (Deublein and Steinhauser 2008). According to

Hansel (2014) the anaerobic clump absorption investigations were completed at

mesophilic (37 °C) conditions as indicated by a system that was distributed before. In
any case, wet maturation frameworks rule when all is said in done construct for the

most part in light of creature slurry with expansion of co-substrates to build the

substance of inorganic material for accomplishing a higher gas yield. The proficiency of

an anaerobic digestion prepare essentially relies on upon the structure and nature of the

feedstock. Fitting crude material for creation of biogas must contain inorganic material

that is suitable for anaerobic assimilation. Such crude materials could incorporate

horticultural biomass deposits, domesticated animals buildups, sustenance waste,

metropolitan strong waste, creature waste and sewage slop.

Walker (2013) stated that the anaerobic digestion (AD) is the procedure by which

natural materials in an encased vessel are disintegrated by smaller scale life forms.

Anaerobic digestion frameworks are most normally known as biogas frameworks.

Taking into account the framework outline, it is conceivable to combust biogas to run a

generator delivering warmth and power. This can be blazed as a fuel in a heater or

kettle, cleaned, and utilized as a trade for regular gas. The anaerobic assimilation

procedure is developed in a hermetically sealed compartment called a digester. Any

material that should be handled can be destroyed to build the surface territory, which is

then made accessible to the microorganisms in the digester to enhance the assimilation

speed. Below is a rundown of the Anaerobic Digestion process:

 Hydrolysis takes place through complex organic molecules which are

disintegrated into amino acids, simple sugars and fatty acids by adding hydroxyl groups.

 Acidogenic microbes further separate it into unpredictable unsaturated fats

delivering carbon dioxide, smelling salts and hydrogen sulfide as side effects. This is

procedure is called acidogenesis.

 Then, in acetogenesis, the simple molecules obtained from acidogeneis are

further digested by bacteria known as acetogens to produce hydrogen, carbon dioxide

and acetic acid.

 In methanogenesis, carbon dioxide and water are produced by bacteria known

as methanogens. The pH level must be between 5.5 and 8.5 with the temperature

between 30 and 60°C, so that digestion rates are maintained.

And there are two general types of Anaerobic Digestion Systems, which are:

 Completely Mixed – This includes a large tank whereby, fresh materials are

mixed with semi-digested material. These systems are suited for manure or other agri-

food inputs with low dry matter content. By re-circulating the liquid effluent, material with

high dry matter content will work in completely mixed systems.

 Plug Flow – This system includes long channels through which manure, and

other inputs, move as a plug. Systems such as this are suited for thicker materials.

An adjusted anaerobic assimilation procedure requests that in all stages the

rates of corruption must be equivalent in size. The rate-restricting step relies on upon

the mixes of the substrate, which is utilized for biogas generation. Accordingly, the

procedure plan must be all around adjusted to the substrate properties for

accomplishing a complete debasement without procedure disappointment (Dirnena,

2013)

Biogas digesters have been used extensively in developing countries as sources

of pollution-free heat and electricity, enriched fertilizer, and waste-management, but the

success of digesters in colder climates in the past has been mixed. Biogas digesters

have been proven to control odor, stabilize waste volatility, and convert methane
emissions to usable energy. There is a great potential for efficient energy production for

both individual producers and large-scale livestock operations. Not only would biogas

digesters provide these operators with a waste-management system and emissions

reductions tool, but also a source of pollution-free heat and electricity.

The development of biogas systems involves many disciplines that are

scientifically complex, but the practical applications are within the capabilities of the

ordinary farmer. However, effective implementation of biogas schemes is dependent on

policy framework, response of the people, economic viability and suitability of the

organizational mechanism for the ultimate execution of the scheme. Biogas generation

is a simple and cheap method of decentralized energy production over a wide range of

agricultural and climatic conditions in the developing countries. The advancement of

biogas frameworks includes numerous controls that are deductively mind boggling,

however the handy applications are inside the abilities of the normal rancher. In any

case, powerful usage of biogas plans is reliant on arrangement system, reaction of the

general population, financial feasibility and suitability of the authoritative mechanism for

a definitive execution of the plan. Biogas era is a straightforward and shoddy strategy

for decentralized vitality creation over an extensive variety of horticultural and climatic

conditions in the creating nations. (Biswas,1998)

(MCDA) and information envelopment examination (DEA) approaches for

surveying renewable vitality plants, with a specific end goal to focus their execution

regarding monetary, natural, and social criteria and markers. The case is for an

information set of 41 farming biogas plants in Austria utilizing anaerobic processing. The

outcomes show that MCDA constitutes a wise methodology, to be utilized then again or
as a part of a reciprocal approach to DEA, specifically in circumstances obliging an

important expression of administrative inclinations in regards to the relative significance

of assessment viewpoints to be considered in execution evaluation. compares multi-

criteria decision aiding (MCDA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) approaches for

assessing renewable energy plants, in order to determine their performance in terms of

economic, environmental, and social criteria and indicators. The case is for a dataset of

41 agricultural biogas plants in Austria using anaerobic digestion. The results indicate

that MCDA constitutes an insightful approach, to be used alternatively or in a

complementary way to DEA, namely in situations requiring a meaningful expression of

managerial preferences regarding the relative importance of evaluation aspects to be

considered in performance assessment. (Madlenera, 2006)

Energy is a very important part of living needed for everything in life, such as

transportation, heat and electricity etc. presently, the demand for energy is more than

the supply making the deployment of renewable energy such as solar, wind, biomass,

and biogas necessary to meet the increasing energy demand (Ofoefule, 2011). Biogas

production is identified with the synthetic organization of the substrate. Low

centralizations of natural matter, for example, lipids and protein will prompt a low biogas

generation. Notwithstanding, high natural matter fixations in substrates will have a

negative impact on biogas generation, creating frothing and restraint if not co-matured

with biomasses low in protein and lipids. (Kougias, 2013)

Anaerobic muck digesters supplemented with chose follow metals will deliver

more methane, either by producing so as to create more biogas or biogas with a higher

rate of methane, basically by incitement of methanogenesis and perhaps by incitement

of the hydrolytic and acidogenic stages. The degree of biogas improvement is required

to be relative to the following convergence supplement that stays bioavailable in the

digester. (Ishaq, 2009)

Biogas digesters have been used extensively in developing countries as sources

of pollution-free heat and electricity, enriched fertilizer, and waste-management, but the

success of digesters in colder climates in the past has been mixed. Biogas digesters

have been proven to control odor, stabilize waste volatility, and convert methane

emissions to usable energy. There is a great potential for efficient energy production for

both individual producers and large-scale livestock operations. Not only would biogas

digesters provide these operators with a waste-management system and emissions

reductions tool, but also a source of pollution-free heat and electricity. As creature

farming operations turn out to be progressively combined, waste administration turns

into a more prominent issue. One method to lessen, sterilize, and better use creature

waste is to run it through an anaerobic digester and from it harvest biogas, containing

for the most part methane. The biogas gathered is combustible and this gives a few

choices to use. Some regular utilizations incorporate flaring, warming (home, water, and

so forth) and inner ignition (making rotational power). As a rule, inner ignition motors are

joined to electrical generators which produce power for on homestead utilization or deal

to an electric organization. In light of monetary profit for the portion and operation of

anaerobic digesters, proficiency is a noteworthy angle. Furthermore, expanded vitality

request overall and provincial improvement stress more prominent productivity. Hence,

effective biogas usage is vital to an anaerobic digester's financial return and

reasonableness. The inquiry is the thing that productivity biogas use frameworks really
accomplish. The reason for this study was to focus the effectiveness of methane use for

a right now working anaerobic absorption framework on a rural office. (Herringshaw,

2009)

Related with the existing literature, the field of biogas production and applications

is developed at a large scale, the existing studies covering different characteristics of

this domain. In connection with the process characteristics, Wu et. al (2009) presented

an extensive study related with the pH effect on anaerobic fermentation on sludge

material, Li et. al (2011) conducted a review over the solid state anaerobic digestion

from organic waste in accordance with methane production, while Busch et. al (2009)

presented a new technology for biogas production from solid waste and biomass

through means of a double-stage solid–liquid biogas process. Studies were conducted

also in the field of biogas production enhancement from solid substrates under different

technologies (Yadvika et. al, 2004,Amon et. al, 2007, Karellas et. al, 2010) and in

regard to designs of the anaerobic digesters there can be mentioned the contributions

of Igoni et. al (2008) or Walla & Schneeberger (2008) in regards to the optimum size of

the biogas plants or anaerobic digesters designs for biogas production.

B. Related Studies

A study was done to discover the measure of biogas that can be produced from

different food stock. A functional research facility scale exploratory configuration utilizing

agrarian waste was likewise done to discover the impacts of Alkaline [NaoH] on the

volume of biogas created utilizing a blend of pineapple, plantain and cassava peelings

as the food stock. Results acquired uncover a high volume of gas created when the
working conditions inside the digester is kept up at tolerably basic condition. Further

discoveries likewise uncover that the digester temperature stayed inside of the scope of

27 to 35.5°C all through the time of experimentation. A cogeneration framework was

executed at this area utilizing three biogas gen-set, each with a 710 kW limit. Methane

stream and weight information, and electrical yield (kW) information were gathered on

three units working at the office from January 23, 2009 to February 2, 2009. A specimen

was taken consistently. Hourly midpoints were then computed and broke down. Vitality

parity was then used to compute prompt proficiency. Prompt gen-set proficiency over

this period was observed to be 25.51% with a 5.93% standard deviation. This worth was

higher than that found in past studies, of 22% electrical energy to methane power.

Lower methane vitality stream rates were found to have a constructive outcome on gen-

set effectiveness; however aggregate yield was little contrasted with the generator size.

Productivity balanced out from 1358 kW (29% proficient) to 1958 kW (22% effective)

methane streams. Gen-set effectiveness had a comparative pattern when contrasted

with biogas stream rate, with higher proficiency at lower stream rates and lower

productivity at higher stream rates. Effectiveness balanced out when biogas stream was

117 cubic feet for every moment to 148 cubic feet for every moment. Methane content

in the biogas was accepted 55.5% by volume from past tests (Herringshaw, 2009).

Wei et al. (2015) found that their study revealed that the overwhelming cellulolytic

microbes in the biogas digesters used various lignocellulose debasement systems,

including utilizing differing lignocellulases to hydrolyze lignocellulose, which may be the

way to keep up high biogas yields from biogas digesters. Moreover, a portion of the

lignocellulases may be connected for second era biogas creation in future.

Lignocelluloses materials from horticulture and backwoods administration are the

biggest wellsprings of hexose (C-6) and pentose (C-5) sugars with a potential for the

creation of biofuels, chemicals and other financial by-items. Decouple the nourishment

and biofuel creation and diminished CO2 outflows additionally guarantee a more steady

and secured vitality supply particularly in transport division. Biofuels produced all around

from lignocelluloses are assessed at around 30 exajoule/year, contrasted with the

aggregate vitality utilized worldwide of more than 400 exajoule/year (McKendry, 2002).

Sukharnikov, Cantwell, Podar and Cellulases (2015) stated that in the past

examinations in which metagenomic systems were utilized to portray the microbial

groups of biogas digesters, numerous metagenomic peruses or amassed metagenomic

contigs were allocated to C. thermocellum, showing that microorganisms like C.

thermocellum were the prevailing cellulolytic microscopic organisms in these biogas

digesters. On the other hand, because of the complex microbial sythesis and low scope

of the got metagenomic peruses, too as the low homology of the GH qualities, full-

length GH qualities were once in a while recuperated from the short metagenomic

peruses. Besides, it was difficult to recoup genome data from uncultured cellulolytic

microorganisms in the biogas digesters, in light of the fact that the vast majority of the

short metagenomic peruses and gathered contigs couldn't be appointed to known

species.

Previous study in Vietnam by Hejnfelt and Angelidaki (2009) showed that cattle

and pig slaughter waste could be very useful for biogas production, with BMPs of 311.8

and 206.5 NL CH4 (kg VS−1), respectively. This result is within the range of the 200 to

600 NL CH4 (kg VS−1) for slaughterhouse wastes. Slaughterhouse contents in other
studies included all the internal organs such as kidneys, livers, intestines and stomachs,

but generally Vietnamese slaughterhouses mainly provide the intestines, stomach etc.

Nguyen et al. (2015) conclude that piglet excrement or piglet manure created the

most noteworthy methane yield at 443 NL CH4 (kg VS−1), trailed by cow, rabbit, goat

and sheep fertilizer at, separately, 222, 172, 169, and 150 NL CH4 (kg VS−1). Methane

creation from duckweed was higher than that from grass and water spinach at 340.6,

220, and 110.6 NL CH4 (kg VS−1), individually. A mathematical statement was created

to foresee methane potential from the substance structures of biomass with a R2 of

0.96 for the creature compost biomass bunch and 0.95 for the consolidated creature

and plant biomass bunch. Lipid, lignin, protein, and cellulose substance in biomass

were the best indicators of biogas methane production worth. From the comparison built

up, a contextual investigation was utilized with Sapa and Hanoi speaking to good

country and swamp Vietnam to figure the month to month/day by day generation of

methane in a 7m3volume digester with 17 swelling pigs and 38 days maintenance time.

The generation was observed to be deficient for winter necessities however to surpass

summer prerequisites for both Sapa and Hanoi.

According to Chang et al. (2014) the ignition of biogas containing hydrogen

sulfide (H2S) yields exceedingly destructive sulfur oxides, in this manner constraining

the utilization of biogas for warmth and force era. The ebb and flow study created and

tried a pilot-scale biogas biofilter framework (BBS) to supplant customary water cleaning

frameworks at a business pig ranch in Miaoli County, Taiwan. A 62•8-liter pilot-scale

BBS, pressed with dried airborne roots from the basic tree greenery (Sphaeropteris

lepifera) and a blend of dried elevated roots and plastic rings as bio-bearers and
vaccinated with sulfur oxidizing microscopic organisms, was introduced at a business

pig ranch. Periodical flushing of the bio-channel with the gushing from the wastewater

treatment framework on the ranch can keep up high productivity of hydrogen sulfide.

A complex taxonomic piece was found for both eubacteria and archaea, both of

which firmly corresponded with digester sort. Plant-debasing Firmicutes and

Bacteroidetes dominated eubacteria profiles in high biogas-creating co-digesters; while

Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes were the real phyla in drain overnight boardinghouse

slop digesters. Methanoculleus was the predominant archaea class in co-digesters,

though Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta were the most bottomless methanogens in

leachate from drain overnight boardinghouse ooze digesters, separately by Abendroth

et al. (2015) and this is a standout amongst the most complete portrayals of the

microbial groups of biogas-delivering offices. Bacterial profiles showed low variety

inside recreates, including those of semi-strong examples; and, when all is said in done,

low variety in time. On the other hand, office sort related nearly with the bacterial profile:

each of the three reactor sorts displayed a trademark eubacteria and archaea profile.

Digesters worked with strong feedstock, and high biogas generation corresponded with

wealth of plant degraders (Firmicutes) and biofilm-framing methanogens

(Methanoculleus spp.). By complexity, low biogas-creating sewage slime treatment

digesters associated with high titers of unpredictable unsaturated fat adjusted

Methanosaeta spp.

Production of biogas and methane from organic MSW in this particular area

could be important for saving in economic terms, keeping the environment clean, and

minimizing the effects of climate change by cleaner green energy production and
creating a pollution-free atmosphere and thereby reducing the output of GHG (Bruggen,

2014)

In studies and discussions of future energy sources, the term gas tends to be

synonymous with ‘natural gas’ with its attendant issues of upstream exploration and

production dynamics, geopolitics and the ubiquitous speculation around shale gas.

Biogas is frequently neglected in such a context, despite its potential to contribute to

decarbonisation of gas supply (or energy supply in a broader perspective). Indeed when

upgraded to biomethane, it can be injected into existing gas transmission infrastructure.

the term gas has a tendency to be synonymous with 'characteristic gas' with its

chaperon issues of upstream investigation and generation elements, geopolitics also,

the pervasive hypothesis around shale gas. Biogas is habitually disregarded in such a

setting, notwithstanding its capability to add to decarbonisation of gas supply (or vitality

supply in a more extensive viewpoint). To be sure when moved up to biomethane, it can

be infused into existing gas transmission base.(Rogers,2012)

Biogas is a secondary energy carrier that can be produced from many different

kinds of organic materials via either a chemical process (digestion) or a thermal process

(gasification). The latter is still in the R&D phase, but can potentially accelerate the

development of biogas as it has the potential for larger produced volumes. Biogas is

considered as carbon neutral as the carbon in biogas comes from organic matter

(feedstock for biogas production) that captured this carbon from atmospheric CO2 over

a relatively short timescale. Biogas can be used as a fuel to generate heat and

electricity. Alternatively, biogas can be upgraded and injected into the gas grid

(biomethane). This option is gaining the interest of policy makers in traditional gas
markets such as the UK, the Netherlands and Germany, but also of the gas industry.

Targets for production are included in some national renewable plans and biomethane

can be attractive for gas companies as a low carbon energy source that can be

integrated in the overall gas portfolio and supplied through existing gas infrastructure.

The cost and availability of biomass are key uncertainties. The gas industry has to

compete with the food and electricity industry for biomass; and so significant additional

demand increase could drive up prices. Furthermore, the sustainability of biomass

production is subject to debate. The impact on ecosystems and deforestation are issues

to be considered in this context (Little, 2010).

The use of biomass has, for millennia, helped human society to fulfill many of its

fundamental energy needs, such as for the production of goods, cooking, domestic

heating and the transport of people and goods (Petersen, 2008).

One of the technologies used for recovering the energy from different types of

biomass residues is anaerobic fermentation that has as a primary result the production

of biogas.

Anaerobic digestion of energy crops, residues, and wastes is of increasing

interest in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and to facilitate a sustainable

development of energy supply. Production of biogas provides a versatile carrier of

renewable energy, as methane can be used for replacement of fossil fuels in both heat

and power generation and as a vehicle fuel (Weiland, 2009).

Organic waste, as a main constituent of solid biomass, has a high potential for

biogas generation but the uncontrolled decomposition of waste from agricultural and

agro-industrial sources results in large-scale contamination of land, water, and air. All of
these cause potentially severe pollution problems and are subject to rigorous

environmental regulation in most countries (Busch et al., 2008; Hansen & Cheong,

2007).

C. Conceptual Framework

Process
• Piggery • Biogas from
waste • Anaerobic piggery
Digestion waste

Input Output

The essential necessity in the generation of biogas is the piggery waste which is

the principle subject to the general trial technique. Anaerobic absorption is the method

by which common materials in an encased vessel are crumbled by littler scale life

frames. It is possible to combust biogas to run a generator conveying warmth and force.

This can be busted as a fuel in a radiator or pot, cleaned, and used as an exchange for

consistent gas. Piggery waste is great crude material for anaerobic processing due to its

moderately uniform physical and compound properties. A medium grown-up pig creates

more or less 2kg of recoverable compost for each day. What's more, the yield that is

anticipated from this examination is biogas created from piggery waste.

D. Theoretical Framework

Biogas from
piggery waste

Anaerobic
Digestion

Methanogenesis
Process Plug Flow

The anaerobic absorption framework will clarify the procedure of creating biogas

unique to consistent gas. The procedure that we will utilize is called methanogenesis or

biomethanation is arrangement of methane by microorganisms known as methanogens.

The generation of methane is an essential and far reaching type of microbial digestion

system. In many situations, it is the last stride in the decay of biomass. Methanogenesis

is the procedure that will deliver the pig excrement to a methane gas. The sort of

anaerobic absorption framework is called totally blended in light of the fact that we will

make a digester.
 Chapter 3
Methodology

A. Project Description

This project aims to produce biogas using pig manure that will follow the

anaerobic digestion process to make it successful. The said materials will be used in

developing our own simple biogas digester.

B. Materials and Tools

MATERIALS QUANTITY COST

20L Water bottle 1 piece 150 PHP

PVC Pipe cap 2 pieces 15 PHP/piece

¾ PVC Pipe 1 piece 110 PHP

Brass valve 1 piece 200 PHP

T-valve 1 piece 150 PHP

Niple 5 pieces 25 PHP/piece

Tire tube 1 piece 200 PHP

TOOLS QUANTITY COST

 SAW 1 piece OWNED

DRILL 1 piece OWNED

SOLDERING IRON 1 piece OWNED

SUPER GLUE 2 piece 25 PHP/piece

SAND 100g 10 PHP

MaterialsDescription

1. 20 L Water Bottle

The 20 L water bottle will be used for the storage of the pig manures. We used a

recycled water bottle

2. ¾ PVC Pipe Cap

It will be used for the closing of the PVC pipe.

3. ¾ PVC pipe

Inlet and outlet pipe for the biogas digester. We cut the PVC pipe according to

the size of the biogas digester.

4. Gas valve

It will serve as the passage on the methane gas.

5. T- valve

It will serve as the 3 way passage of the methane gas.

6. Tire Tube

The tire tube will be the storage of the produced methane gas.

7. Saw

We used a saw, for cutting the PVC pipe into pieces.

8. Drill

We used the drill for making holes in the water bottle.

9. Soldering Iron

The soldering iron was used for making the holes in the digester fit for the pipe.

10. Super Glue

The super glue will be used for sealing the holes in the biogas digester.
11. Sand

Sand will be the material used for fixing the air. It makes the hole tighten inside

the biogas digester.

12. Spray Paint (Black)

It will serve as the sunlight blocker of the digester.

13. Niple

It serves as the connector of the T-valve and the hose.

C. Creating Mini-Biogas Digester

First of all, cut the PVC pipe equal to the water bottle. We will mark it according

to the length and then we will cut it. We have to create mark in the upper side of the

water bottle and with the soldering iron, we will create a hole. After making a hole in the

upper side of the water bottle, insert the PVC pipe but leave two inches above from the

surface. Then fix the outer pipe, it should be completely opposite from the other pipe

inside the water bottle. We need to put some sand and super glue in the two pipes so

that the way of the air will be tighten. We will connect a gas pipe in it which will connect

with the tire tube after connecting with the T-valve and this is the point where all gas

gets collect. The other valve of it will be connected to our burner. We will wait a day for

the glues to dry and paint it black. We will paint it black for the light not to penetrate the

container. If the algae receive too much light it will grow faster, when it grows faster the

algae will produce oxygen, and when oxygen is produced the bacteria will respire

aerobically it will not produce methane gas

Ds. Anaerobic Digestion

●Raw Material

The reason why we chose the biogas that coming from pig manure is because

our place contains more piggeries than other waste materials. We will get the manure of

the medium adult pig because it produces approximately creates a 2 kg of recoverable

manure per day and a1 kg of pig manure is equivalent to approximately 60L of biogas

or 30 L of biogas per day depends on the weight of the pig.

E. Experimentation

●Biogas Production

First we will gather 2 kg of pig manure and then we will mix it with 2 kg of water

and seal it in our mini biogas digester. We will put it into a place that has an

approximately 37⁰C and leave the digester for a week. If this process held

anaerobically, the bacteria that pig manure has will produce a methane gas. And the

methane gas that is produce will be store in the tire tube and we will wait for it to be

completely inflated with methane gas.

 Chapter 4
Results and Discussion
1. What kind of pig manure we will be using on our experimentation?

We will get the manure of the medium adult pig because it produces

approximately creates a 2 kg of recoverable manure per day and a1 kg of pig manure is

equivalent to approximately 60L of biogas or 30 L of biogas per day depends on the

weight of the pig.

2. How to build a simple biogas digester?

First of all we buy all the materials that we need in this project and we start the

procedure by cutting the PVC pipe equal to the water bottle. We mark it according to the

length and then we cut it. We create mark in the upper side of the water bottle and with

the soldering iron, we create a hole. After making a hole in the upper side of the water

bottle, we inserted the PVC pipe but leave two inches above from the surface. Then fix

the outer pipe, it should be completely opposite from the other pipe inside the water

bottle. We put some sand and super glue in the two pipes so that the way of the air will

be tightened. We connect a gas pipe in it which will connect with the tire tube after

connecting with the T-valve and this is the point where all gas gets collect. The other

valve of it will be connected to our burner. We wait a day for the glues to dry and paint it

black. We paint it black for the light not to penetrate the container. If the algae receive

too much light it will grow faster, when it grows faster the algae will produce oxygen,

and when oxygen is produced the bacteria will respire aerobically it will not produce

methane gas.
3. What process will be using in biogas production?

Process
• Piggery • Biogas
waste • Anaerobic from
Digestion piggery
waste
Input Output

4. Experimentation

Table 1.
Results

Manure Kilo Days Result

Pig Manure 2 kg 5 days Few biogas has

been produce

The reason why our mini biogas digester produces few methane gases is

because of the weather condition. If this is not a rainy season maybe our digester can

fill the tire tube and produce more biogas than the results that we earned. In the video,

you can see that our tire tube is not filled with the biogas but it creates a flame.
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