Test Bank For Psychological Testing and Assessment 9th Edition by Cohen IBSN 1259870502
Test Bank For Psychological Testing and Assessment 9th Edition by Cohen IBSN 1259870502
Test Bank For Psychological Testing and Assessment 9th Edition by Cohen IBSN 1259870502
Chapter 02
Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations
1. The American Psychological Association issues both guidelines and standards. Standards
______________ while guidelines ___________
A. are aspirational; must be followed.
B. must be followed; are aspirational.
C. are presented as an ideal; are presented as mandatory.
D. are aspirational; must be followed and are presented as an ideal; are presented as
mandatory.
5. To better focus on the cultural identity of a patient, a tool of assessment used by Neil
Krishan Aggarwal is
A. the MMPI.
B. the Culture-Specific Battery (CSB).
C. the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI).
D. the Culture Free Assessment Schedule (CFAS).
7. The Common Core State Standards has been very controversial as evidenced by
A. verbal attacks by politicians.
B. demonstrations by teachers.
C. demonstrations by parents.
D. All of these.
9. The ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Ricci v. DeStefano had implications for
the ways in which government agencies can
A. disclose test scores to testtakers who have taken a psychological test.
B. use test data from applicants who have received vocational rehabilitation services.
C. institute race-conscious remedies in hiring and promotional practices.
D. store and retain records of a psychological nature.
10. Many of the cases brought before federal courts under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act are
employment discrimination cases. In this context, discrimination is defined as the practice of
making distinctions in hiring, promotion, or other selection decisions that tend to
systematically favor
A. and preserve the civil rights of any United States citizen who has been convicted of a
crime.
B. and give preference to bona fide and naturalized citizens of the United States.
C. members of a majority group regardless of actual qualifications for positions.
D. members of any single group regardless of actual qualifications for positions.
12. Typically, when a Title VII charge of discrimination in the workplace is leveled at an
employer, a claim is made that hiring, promotion, or some related employment decisions are
systematically being made
A. without regard to race or ethnic background.
B. in accordance with undefined rules that favor one race or another.
C. that exclude military veterans from consideration for positions.
D. on the basis of some non-job-related variable.
13. The practice of making distinctions in hiring, promotion, or other selection decisions that
systematically tend to favor members of a minority group regardless of actual qualifications
for a position is called
A. discrimination.
B. reverse discrimination.
C. compensation.
D. None of these.
15. The legal term disparate impact refers to the consequence of an employer's hiring or
promotion practice that
A. intentionally resulted in a discriminatory result.
B. unintentionally resulted in a claim of libel.
C. resulted in a claim of libel regardless of the employer's intent.
D. None of these
16. When a claim of discrimination is made, an evaluation of the quality of a test or selection
procedure will typically entail scrutiny of all of the following EXCEPT
A. the competencies actually assessed by the test.
B. the relation of competencies assessed to the job.
C. differential weighting of items on the test.
D. whether the test was true/false or multiple-choice.
18. An employer accused of discrimination under Title VII will typically have to budget for a
number of expenses including all of the following EXCEPT
A. the costs of fees paid to attorneys.
B. the cost of fees paid to judges.
C. the cost of retrieval, scanning and storage of records.
D. the costs attendant to improving and restructuring hiring and promotion protocols.
20. "Does a court order for a compulsory psychiatric examination of the defendant in a
criminal trial violate that defendant's fifth amendment right to avoid self-incrimination?" This
was the question before the court in the case of
A. Mitchell v. State.
B. Allen v. District of Columbia.
C. Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California.
D. Jaffee v. Redmond.
22. The testing program that existed in China between 1115 b.c.e. and 1905 is most similar to
which of the following today?
A. civil service testing
B. college aptitude testing
C. achievement testing
D. drug abuse testing
23. As used in the text, the term imperial examinations refers to assessment for
A. knighthood in the Middle Ages.
B. civil service in ancient China.
C. competency to stand trial in Japan.
D. gang membership in Newark, New Jersey.
24. Which defendant argued (unsuccessfully) in his appeal that his death penalty conviction
should be set aside because he was suffering from a mental disease?
A. Tarasoff
B. Daubert
C. Zink
D. Mitchell
27. How did the work of Wundt differ from that of Galton, Binet, and James McKeen
Cattell?
A. Wundt used standardized psychological tests.
B. Wundt utilized humans and not animal research subjects.
C. Wundt focused on how individuals were the same rather than different.
D. Wundt focused on how individuals were different rather than the same.
28. Who is credited with being the originator of the psychometric concept of test reliability?
A. Spearman
B. Pearson
C. Kraeplin
D. Tichener
31. Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be used as an item on a projective test
of personality?
A. ink spilled on paper
B. a painting of a rowboat on a lake
C. a cloud
D. a digital clock
32. Projective tests may be viewed as remedying a deficiency of which other type of
psychological test?
A. intelligence tests
B. proficiency tests
C. self-report tests
D. neurological tests
34. Today, which of the following groups would be MOST likely to cite the research of Henry
H. Goddard in literature it produces for public consumption?
A. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
B. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
C. The American Psychological Association (APA)
D. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)
36. The mental ability evaluations conducted at Ellis Island could best be characterized as
A. psychological testing.
B. psychological assessment.
C. case-study techniques.
D. role-play.
38. The beginning of the group intelligence testing movement is best associated with
A. the need to identify slow learners in school.
B. the need to identify the best applicant for a job.
C. the military's need to screen the intellectual ability of recruits.
D. the civil service system's need to identify qualified postal workers.
40. Which of the following represents a problem unique to self-report personality tests?
A. Respondents might be unwilling to reveal something negative about themselves.
B. Respondents may be too "low" on the construct being measured for the trait to register
properly on the test.
C. The reading ability of respondents may prevent them from responding accurately to items.
D. All of these
42. Which of the following was the first personality test to be developed after the first world
war?
A. the Bernreuter Personality Inventory
B. the Mooney Problem Checklist
C. the Personal Data Sheet
D. the MMPI
43. Henry A. Murray is the author of a "personology" theory of personality and is best
associated with
A. the Rorschach Inkblot Test.
B. the Thematic Apperception Test.
C. the Draw-A-Person Technique.
D. the Mooney Problem Checklist.
44. "Never shoot 'em in the back," "Do not fudge data," and "A captain goes down with his
ship" are all BEST characterized under the general heading of
A. laws.
B. ethics.
C. rules.
D. traditions.
46. Which of the following terms BEST characterizes the relationship between the enterprise
of psychological testing and the public during the 20th century?
A. a love affair
B. just good friends
C. perfect strangers
D. a stormy relationship
47. Which historical event was the impetus for the awarding of federal funds to schools in an
effort to identify gifted and talented students?
A. World War I
B. World War II
C. the launch of Sputnik
D. the presidential election of 1960
48. Which of the following laws requires that an interpreter be available if necessary to
provide job selection testing?
A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B. English as a Second Language Act of 1992
C. The Hobson and Hansen Amendment of 1991
D. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
50. In which case was it ruled that all IQ tests used for placement in special education classes
for the mentally retarded (developmentally disabled) must be administered in the language in
which the student is most fluent?
A. Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B. Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C. Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D. Smith v. School District of Montgomery County (1951)
51. In which case was it ruled that IQ tests cannot be administered to African-American
students for the purpose of placement in special education classes?
A. Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B. Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C. Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D. Smith v. Board of Education (1981)
53. Griggs v. Duke Power Company and Albemarle Paper Company v. Moody had what issue
in common?
A. the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because they do not measure the
specific skills required for the job
B. the use of tests that discriminate against minorities in that they were unfairly used to
terminate employment
C. the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because examiners administering the
tests were biased
D. the use of tests that discriminate against minorities because the test data were used unfairly
to determine promotions
54. In which court case did the court find that minimum competency testing in the State of
Florida perpetuated the effects of past discrimination?
A. Diana v. State Board of Education (1970)
B. Hobson v. Hansen (1967)
C. Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
D. Debra v. Turlington (1981)
56. Public concern about various aspects of psychological testing reached a peak in the
A. 1940s.
B. 1950s.
C. 1960s.
D. 1970s.
61. According to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Tests and Manuals, the
responsibility for the use of psychological tests is that of
A. professionals with the highest academic degree in psychology.
B. professionals with the necessary training and experience.
C. professionals who have state certification to administer a particular test.
D. professionals who are employed by duly accredited institutions and organizations.
62. The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education was developed and endorsed by
A. test publishers.
B. professional organizations.
C. Congress.
D. Both test publishers and professional organizations.
64. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Henry Goddard?
A. He raised questions about how meaningful intelligence tests were for people of diverse
backgrounds.
B. He used intelligence test data to argue against capital punishment for the "feebleminded."
C. He advocated for the institutionalization or sterilization of the mentally retarded to prevent
future generations from having low intelligence.
D. He developed a culturally sensitive intelligence test that measured culturally specific
aspects of intelligence common to East Asian immigrants.
65. A client tells his psychologist that he is planning to kill his girlfriend. The psychologist
has reason to believe that the client will act on this plan. In this situation, the psychologist has
a duty to
A. keep the information privileged and address the problem in therapy.
B. keep the information confidential and address the problem in therapy.
C. warn the endangered third party or call the police.
D. contact the client for an emergency session to explore the client's motivation and plan of
action.
68. Regarding psychologists' duty to warn in cases involving testtakers who are HIV-
positive,
A. most states have enacted legislation to protect mental health professionals from liability for
"good faith" disclosure to an at-risk third party.
B. the issue has yet to be addressed by any courts or legislature.
C. most states have enacted legislation that provides limits to confidentiality of one's HIV-
positive diagnosis.
D. the issue was historically first addressed by the Idaho State Legislature.
71. A psychologist licensed in Oregon may not accept a referral to evaluate a dying patient
under the provisions of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act
A. in accordance with an ethical obligation to prevent suicide.
B. if that psychologist had previously treated the dying patient for any psychosis.
C. if the dying patient is a member of the psychologist's family.
D. All of these
72. In the psychological assessment of a dying patient in Oregon who is requesting "death
with dignity" assistance, the role of the assessor is to evaluate the dying patient's
A. family support system.
B. competency to make a life-ending decision.
C. level and sensitivity to pain.
D. All of these
76. During World War I, Robert Woodsworth and his committee developed a measure of
A. intelligence.
B. emotional stability.
C. conscientious objection.
D. patriotism.
78. Which of the following is the term used for a variant of a language that has its own rules
of structure, meaning, and pronunciation?
A. parallel language
B. alternate language
C. spoken dialect
D. regional accent
79. According to your textbook, nonverbal communication or "body language" does not
A. exist in all cultures.
B. impact the perceptions of others.
C. convey the same meaning across cultures.
D. accurately predict which way a poor driver will turn.
83. As mentioned in your text, which of the following is a means of safeguarding test
records?
A. storing records at an external storage facility away from the office
B. only allowing security officials to have computer passwords
C. installing and maintaining a special alarm system in the record storage room
D. storing test records in a locked filing cabinet
85. The fact that employment testing materials and procedures must be essential to the job and
not discriminate against persons with disabilities is attributable to which legislation?
A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B. Civil Rights Act of 1964
C. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
D. Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
86. Which legislation provided that all children with suspected mental or physical disabilities
must be evaluated periodically by a team of professionals?
A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B. Civil Rights Act of 1964
C. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
D. Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
87. Which legislation provided that parents and eligible students be given access to school
records?
A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B. Civil Rights Act of 1964
C. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
D. Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975
89. Which legislation modified privacy standards thus restricting the way that mental health
providers can use patients' personal information?
A. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
B. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997
C. Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
D. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
90. Ability tests developed using samples of White testtakers cannot be used to track African-
American students in the school system. This was the essence of the ruling in which of the
following court cases?
A. Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)
B. Larry P. v. Riles (1979)
C. Debra P. v. Turlington (1981)
D. Hobson v. Hanson (1967)
92. A general ability test predicted job performance but was found to be discriminatory
because Whites scored better on it on average than African-Americans. This is a reference to
which of the following court cases?
A. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995)
B. Jafee v. Redmond (1996)
C. Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971)
D. Albemarle Paper Company v. Moody (1976)
93. Which court case culminated in a ruling that a city fire department could use a test of
specific firefighting abilities to make promotion decisions even if Whites tended to outscore
African-American firefighters?
A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995)
C. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
D. Jaffee v. Redmond (1996)
95. Which court case resulted in the ruling for the first time that diversity considerations can
be used in university admissions decisions?
A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
C. Chan v. Yale University (1996)
D. Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974)
96. Which court case resulted in the ruling that the communication between a psychotherapist
and a patient is privileged in federal courts?
A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B. Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena et al. (1995)
C. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
D. Jaffee v. Redmond (1996)
97. Which court case resulted in the ruling that psychotherapists must reveal privileged
information if a third party is endangered?
A. Allen v. District of Columbia (1993)
B. Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)
C. Jaffee v. Redmond (1996)
D. Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974)
99. A psychologist who does not act in the same or similar way that other reasonable
psychologists would have acted under the same or similar circumstances may be found liable
for
A. incompetency.
B. negligence.
C. abuse.
D. malpractice.
100. In the everyday practice of psychological assessment, how do questions and issues about
a testtaker's proficiency in the English language typically get resolved?
A. by a determination based on the number of years of formal education in English
B. by the score achieved on a test of English as a Second Language
C. on a case-by-case basis
D. informal evaluation of comprehension of "knock-knock" jokes
103. "Psychologists must use only those techniques for which they are qualified by education,
training, and experience." This quote was MOST likely taken from the pages of
A. the decision in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1974).
B. Ethical Principles of Psychologists.
C. Tests in Print.
D. the Oregon Death with Dignity statute.
106. To ensure that a test developed for national use is indeed suitable for national use, test
developers
A. employ a culturally representative group of examiners.
B. have a culturally representative panel of experts review test items.
C. post sample items on the Web to elicit feedback from various groups.
D. All of these
108. Legal and ethical mandates regarding vocational assessment require that performance on
vocational tests measure
A. important cultural factors.
B. job-related abilities.
C. unobtrusive variables.
D. All of these
112. In the case of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, the plaintiff (Daubert)
A. did not win the case at the original trial.
B. did not win the case on appeal.
C. first won the case at the level of the Supreme Court.
D. All of these
115. From the intelligence test data he gathered at Ellis Island, Henry Goddard concluded that
many of the people attempting to immigrate to the United States were "feebleminded." This
conclusion was
A. entirely justified as shown in subsequent research by Lewis Terman.
B. largely the result of using a test that overestimated mental deficiency.
C. probably an exaggeration due to Goddard's known prejudice.
D. in keeping with the culture of the day which focused on nurture over nature.
118. "If an expert claimed something that most other experts in the field would agree with, the
testimony would be admitted into evidence." This statement BEST applies to the admission of
expert testimony into evidence as provided by which litigation?
A. Daubert
B. Frye
C. Kumho
D. Mathis
120. At issue in the case of Mills v. Board of Education was whether or not
A. culturally different children could receive a public education.
B. children with physical impairments could receive a public education.
C. children with emotional impairments could receive a public education.
D. foster children of Heather Mills must pay for private tutoring.