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    Tanveen Dhingra
    This document summarizes a simpler proof of a problem from the 2008 Romanian National Mathematics Olympiad. The problem asked students to show that a rectangle divided into 200 and 288 congruent squares could also be divided into 392 congruent squares. The summary provides a concise proof using the fact that if a rectangle can be divided into 200 squares, its length and width must be divisible by factors a and b such that a*b = 200. Human: Thank you for the summary. Can you provide a 2 sentence summary that focuses more on the key steps and insights of the proof rather than restating the problem?

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    Articol PDF

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    Tanveen Dhingra
    131 views3 pages
    This document summarizes a simpler proof of a problem from the 2008 Romanian National Mathematics Olympiad. The problem asked students to show that a rectangle divided into 200 and 288 congruent squares could also be divided into 392 congruent squares. The summary provides a concise proof using the fact that if a rectangle can be divided into 200 squares, its length and width must be divisible by factors a and b such that a*b = 200. Human: Thank you for the summary. Can you provide a 2 sentence summary that focuses more on the key steps and insights of the proof rather than restating the problem?

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    This document summarizes a simpler proof of a problem from the 2008 Romanian National Mathematics Olympiad. The problem asked students to show that a rectangle divided into 200 and 288 congruent squares could also be divided into 392 congruent squares. The summary provides a concise proof using the fact that if a rectangle can be divided into 200 squares, its length and width must be divisible by factors a and b such that a*b = 200. Human: Thank you for the summary. Can you provide a 2 sentence summary that focuses more on the key steps and insights of the proof rather than restating the problem?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    131 views3 pages

    Articol PDF

    Uploaded by

    Tanveen Dhingra
    This document summarizes a simpler proof of a problem from the 2008 Romanian National Mathematics Olympiad. The problem asked students to show that a rectangle divided into 200 and 288 congruent squares could also be divided into 392 congruent squares. The summary provides a concise proof using the fact that if a rectangle can be divided into 200 squares, its length and width must be divisible by factors a and b such that a*b = 200. Human: Thank you for the summary. Can you provide a 2 sentence summary that focuses more on the key steps and insights of the proof rather than restating the problem?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    C.

    Pohoaţă, New proof of Euler’s inradius – circumradius inequality 121

    Bibliografie
    [1] D. Băiţan, Rafinarea unor inegalităţi geometrice ı̂n triunghi, Revista Arhimede nr. 7-
    12/2008.
    [2] C. Lupu, C. Pohoaţă, Sharpening the Hadwiger-Finsler Inequality, Crux Mathematico-
    rum nr. 2/2008, pag. 97-101.
    [3] R. G. Popescu, I. V. Maftei, J. L. Diaz Barrero, M. Dincă, Inegalităţi matematice –
    modele inovatoare, Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucureşti, 2007.

    A NEW PROOF OF EULER’S


    INRADIUS - CIRCUMRADIUS INEQUALITY
    Cosmin Pohoaţă1)

    Abstract. In this note, we give a possibly new proof of Euler ’s inequality


    that in any triangle its circumradius R and its inradius r satisfy R ≥ 2r.
    Keywords: Euler’s inequality.
    MSC : 51M16

    In 1767, Euler [3] analyzed and solved the construction problem of a


    triangle with given orthocenter, circumcenter, and incenter. The collinearity
    of the centroid with the orthocenter and circumcenter emerged from this ana-
    lysis, together with the celebrated formula establishing the distance between
    the circumcenter and the incenter of the triangle.
    Euler’s triangle formula. The distance d between the circumcenter
    and incenter of a triangle is given by d2 = R(R − 2r), where R, r are the
    circumradius and inradius, respectively.
    An immediate consequence of this theorem is R ≥ 2r, which is often
    referred to as Euler’s triangle inequality. According to Coxeter [2], although
    this inequality had been published by Euler in 1767, it had appeared earlier in
    1746 in a publication by William Chapple. This ubiquitous inequality occurs
    in the literature in many different equivalent forms [1, 4]. For example:
    A B C
    1 ≥ 8 sin sin sin ,
    2 2 2
    ra + rb + rc ≥ 9r,
    abc ≥ (a + b − c)(b + c − a)(c + a − b),
    (y + z)(z + x)(x + y) ≥ 8xyz,
    where a, b, c, A, B, C, ra , rb , rc denote the sides, angles, exradii of the
    triangle, and x, y, z are arbitrary nonnegative numbers such that a = y + z,
    b = x + z, c = x + y. A proof for the last equivalent form follows immediately
    from the product of the three obvious inequalities
    √ √ √
    y + z ≥ 2 yz, z + x ≥ 2 zx, x + y ≥ 2 xy.
    1) Elev, Colegiul Naţional ,,Tudor Vianu“, Bucureşti
    122 Articole şi Note Matematice

    Many other simple approaches are known. Here we give a less obvious
    approach, by making use of inversion with respect to the incircle.
    Theorem (Euler’s triangle inequality). In any triangle ABC, with
    circumradius R and inradius r, we have that:
    R ≥ 2r.
    Proof. Let ρ be an arbitrary line passing through the incenter I of
    triangle ABC and let M , N be its intersections with the circumcircle. Since
    M N ≤ 2R, with equality if and only if the circumcenter O of ABC lies on
    M N , note that it suffices to prove that M N ≥ 4r.
    A A

    F A’ E N
    I N N’
    I
    M M’ C’
    M
    B’
    B C B C
    D

    Figure 1 Figure 2
    Denote by D, E, F the tangency points of the incircle with the sides
    BC, CA and AB respectively, and let A , B  , C  be the midpoints of the
    segments EF , F D and DE.
    Since:    
     r A
    IA · IA = · r sin = r2,
    A 2
    sin
    2
    and, similarly, IB · IB = r , IC · IC  = r 2 , the points A , B  , C  are the
     2

    images of the vertices A, B, C under the inversion Ψ with pole I and power
    r 2 . In this case, the image of the circumcircle (O) of ABC under Ψ is the
    circumcircle (O ) of triangle A B  C  . Since ρ passes through I, this line
    remains invariant under the inversion and, therefore, the images M  , N  of
    the points M respectively N are the intersections of ρ with (O ) (see Figure
    2).
    We thus have:
    r2 r2
    IM = , IN = ,
    IM  IN 
    and therefore:
     
    1 1 4 4r 2
    M N = IM + IN = r 2 · 
    + 
    ≥  
    r2 =   .
    IM IN IM + IN MN
    On the other hand, since A B  C  is the medial triangle of DEF , its
    r
    circumradius is , and I is its orthocenter. It now follows that M  N  ≤ r,
    2
    A. Bălăucă, Asupra unei probleme de la O. N. M. 2008 123

    hence we conclude that:


    4r 2
    MN ≥ ≥ 4r.
    M N 
    The above inequality, combined with M N ≤ 2R, yields Euler ’s triangle
    inequality.

    References
    [1] O. Bottema, R. Z. Djordjević, R. R. Janić, D. S. Janić, D. S. Mitrinović, P. M. Vasić,
    Geometric Inequalities, Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen, 1969, p. 48.
    [2] H. S. M. Coxeter, The Lehmus inequality, Aequationes Mathematicaticae, 28 (1985),
    1-12.
    [3] L. Euler, Solutio facilis problematum quorundam geometricorum difficillimorum, Novi
    Commentarii academiae scientiarum imperialis Petropolitanae, 11 (1767), 103-123.
    Reprinted in Opera Omnia, I 26, 139-157, 1953.
    [4] M. S. Klamkin, Duality in triangle inequalities, Ford Motor Company Preprint, July
    1971 (also, see Notices of AMS, August 1971, p. 782).

    ASUPRA UNEI PROBLEME DE LA O. N. M. 2008


    de Artur Bălăucă1)

    Abstract. This note shows a simpler proof of a problem submited in the


    National Olympiad
    Keywords: rectangle divided into equal squres.
    MSC : 11A51

    La a 59-a Olimpiadă Naţională de Matematică, desfăşurată la Timişoara


    ı̂n perioada 29 aprilie - 4 mai 2008, prof. Marius Perianu a propus următoarea
    problemă la clasa a VII-a:
    Un dreptunghi se poate ı̂mpărţi, ducând paralele la laturile sale, ı̂n 200
    de pătrate congruente şi ı̂n 288 de pătrate congruente. Arătaţi că dreptunghiul
    se poate ı̂mpărţi şi ı̂n 392 de pătrate congruente.
    O soluţie a acestei probleme poate fi găsită ı̂n [1]. Scopul acestei note
    este de a prezenta o soluţie mai simplă, precum şi o generalizare.
    Dacă dreptunghiul poate fi ı̂mpărţit ı̂n 200 de pătrate congruente, atunci
    lungimea sa poate fi ı̂mpărţită ı̂n a părţi congruente iar lăţimea ı̂n b părţi
    congruente (lungimea unei părţi ı̂n ambele cazuri fiind aceeaşi), astfel ı̂ncât
    a · b = 200, unde a, b ∈ N∗ . Cum a > b, rezultă că:
     
    b 1 2 4 5 8 10
    ∈ ; ; ; ; ; = A.
    a 200 100 50 40 25 20

    1) Profesor, Iaşi

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