2486 PDF
2486 PDF
2486 PDF
Verb Play, played, will playهﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪوث ﺷﻲء ﻓﻲ
ﻓﻌﻞ وﻗﺖ ﻣﺎ
Adjective رﺟﻞ ﻏﻨﻲ rich manهﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ آﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﻒ اﻻﺳﻢ
ﺻﻔﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺒﻠﻪ ﻻﺣﻆ أن اﻟﺼﻔﺔ هﻨﺎ ﺳﺒﻘﺖ اﻻﺳﻢ
اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮف ﺑﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ
ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮف
Adverb Ahmed writes quickly.هﻮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ آﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺼﻒ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ أو
ﺣﺎل ﺗﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ وﺿﻮﺣﺎً أﺣﻤﺪ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ.
.ﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ آﻠﻤﺎت ﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﺰءاً ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺪون ﻓﻌﻞ
:ﻣﺜﺎل
I saw the man carrying a stick.
I am was been
:Examples أﻣﺜﻠﺔ
1. I am a pupil.
2. They are boys.
Affirmative Negative
إﺛﺒﺎت ﻧﻔﻲ
I am at home. I am not at home.
You are tall. You are not tall.
Were the boys at school? Yes, they were. No, they were
not.
Did they have Breakfast this Yes, they did. No, they did not.
morning?
أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
I have lived here for a long time.
I have not lived here for a long time.
Singular Plural
one book two books
one horse many horses
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
Spelling Rules for Plurals
ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ إﻣﻼء اﻟﺠﻤﻊ
ﺣـــــــــﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻــــــــــــــﺔ
اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮوف sh, ch, z, x, sﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻟﻬﺎ es
Singular Plural
match matches
bus buses
dish dishes
box boxes
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
Spelling Rules for Plurals
ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ إﻣﻼء اﻟﺠﻤﻊ
ﺣـــــــــﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻــــــــــــــﺔ
yوﻧﻀﻴﻒ ies وﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﺮف ﺳﺎآﻦ ،ﺗﺤﺬف اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف y
Singular Plural
city cities
baby babies
ﻓﻘﻂ. s وﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ،ﻧﻀﻴﻒ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف y
Singular Plural
boy boys
key keys
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
Spelling Rules for Plurals
ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ إﻣﻼء اﻟﺠﻤﻊ
ﺣـــــــــﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻــــــــــــــﺔ
es وﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﺮف ﺳﺎآﻦ ،ﻧﻀﻴﻒ o اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف
Singular Plural
potato potatoes
tomato tomatoes
ﻓﻘﻂ. اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف oوﺳﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﺮف ﻣﺘﺤﺮك ،ﻧﻀﻴﻒ s
Singular Plural
radio radios
zoo zoos
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
Spelling Rules for Plurals
ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ إﻣﻼء اﻟﺠﻤﻊ
ﺣـــــــــﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻــــــــــــــﺔ
es وﻧﻀﻴﻒ ، اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺤﺮف fأو feﻧﺤﻮﻟﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺮف v
Singular Plural
knife knives
shelf shelves
Singular Plural
classroom classrooms
policeman policemen
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
Spelling Rules for Plurals
ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ إﻣﻼء اﻟﺠﻤﻊ
ﺣـــــــــﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻــــــــــــــﺔ
هﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺸﺎذة:
Singular Plural
man men
woman women
child children
person people
foot feet
tooth teeth
goose geese
mouse mice
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
Uncountable Nouns
اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪودة
Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.
هﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ es , s
أﻣﺜﻠــــــﺔ:
salt, coffee, tea, food, meat, gold, music, blood.
The
is used as definite articles. .ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم آﺄداة ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ
We use a/an:
Before a singular ﻗﺒﻞ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻔﺮدةa table
countable noun. . اﻟﻤﻌﺪودةan egg
Before a job, a ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ أوSaleh is a doctor
particular group of ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦHe is an engineer.
people or a nationality. . اﻟﻨﺎس أو اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔShe is an English
women.
With numbers that ﻣﻊ اﻷرﻗﺎم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲHe washes his
mean every. “ ”آﻞhands ten times a
day. (means every
day).
A noun that is the only اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻦThe river Nile
one of its kind. . ﻧﻮﻋﻪ ﺳﻮى واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂThe Ka’aba
The names of musical . أﺳﻤﺎء اﻵﻻت اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻴﻘﻴﺔCan you play the duff?
instruments.
Use article with the name ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم أداة اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ألI saw a man. The man
that is repeated. ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي ذآﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺮةwas young.
.اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
No article is used with the ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أي أداة ﻣﻊI do not like science. My
names of studies of . أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺪراﺳﻴﺔfavorite subject is
subjects. mathematics.
No article is used before ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أي أداة ﻗﺒﻞI am going to school.
such words as school, ، أﺳﻤﺎء ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺪرﺳﺔI always go to bed early.
home, bed, work, etc. .... ﻋﻤﻞ، ﺳﺮﻳﺮ،ﻣﻨﺰل
No article is used before ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أي أداة ﻣﻊon Monday, in June
such words such as day أﺳﻤﺎء ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻳﺎم وin summer (sometimes
and month names. . اﻟﺸﻬﻮرin the summer).
before breakfast.
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
We us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
Examples أﻣﺜﻠﺔ
Ali is a good student. He passes all his tests.
– After to and for with verbs like make, give, send, lend,
pass, take, show.
The little boy made it for her.
Help yourself .
Enjoy yourself.
Behave yourself.
I live by myself. (I live alone)
-٢اﺣﺬف اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﺿﻊ اﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺬﻓﺖ ﻣﺜﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ
اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ.
أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
1) The man came here. The man was a doctor.
The man who was here is a doctor
2) My friend swims well. He lives here.
My friend who lives here swims well.
أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
1) The man was working with me. I paid him.
The man whom I paid was working with me.
2) This is the girl. You gave her a flower.
This is the girl whom you gave a flower.
أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
1) This is the house. I live in it.
This is the house which I live in.
2) This book is cheap. It is very useful.
This book which is very useful is cheap.
:أﻣﺜﻠـــــــــﺔ
They are doctors. Are they doctors?
She can help us? Can they help us?
I will go to the market? Will you go to the market?
ﻻﺣﻆ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻔﻌﻞ إﻟﻰ أﺻﻠﻪ )اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻷول( و ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ
ﻻﺣﻆ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻔﻌﻞ إﻟﻰ أﺻﻠﻪ )اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻷول( و ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ
ﻣﻼﺣﻈــــــــﺔ:
ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن إﺟﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﺑـ Yesأو Noو ذﻟﻚ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺄداة
ﺳﺆال.
Wh Questions
?Where أﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن
: أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
They are going to eat meat.
?What are they going to eat
* ﻻﺣﻆ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻨﺎ areﻋﻠﻰ theyﻷﻧﻬﺎ هﻲ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺛﻢ ﺣﺬﻓﻨﺎ آﻠﻤﺔ meat
ﻷﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﻮاب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺆال.
أﻣﺜﻠﺔ:
Ahmed broke the window. ?Who broke the window
The book describes accidents. ?What describes accidents
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻت
How
:ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ
1) We do not have any books. 2) I did not see anybody.
3) He is not anywhere.
:أﻣﺜﻠـــــــــﺔ
They are happy. They are not happy?
He can help us? He can not help us?
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :إذا آﺎﻧﺖ إﺣﺪى اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻨﻨﻔﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﻲ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
1. 1.
Present
PresentSimple
Simple Tense
Tense اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ
اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂاﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
1. I go to school everyday.
2. They usually sleep at 11.00 p.m.
3. We often drink coffee in the morning.
4. She is never late to school.
. زﻳﺎدة ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞs إذا آﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد ﻏﺎﺋﺐ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ:ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ
1. Ali drinks milk every morning.
2. A cow gives us milk.
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
3. Future
3. Future
Simple
Simple
Tense
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ Tense
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ
اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ
ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺪوﺛﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ.
ﻳﺘﻜﻮن هﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ willاو shallﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻷول ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ.
ﺗﺄﺗﻲ shallﻣﻊ ﺿﻤﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ Iو weأﻣﺎ willﻓﺘﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ.
وﻟﻜﻦ shallﻧﺪر اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ وﻗﺪ ﺣﻠﺖ آﻠﻤﺔ willﺑﺪﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ
ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ.
ﻳﺄﺗﻲ هﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﻊ آﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ:
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
1. I will go to school tomorrow.
2. They will play foot ball next Friday.
3. He will join the army in the future.
هﻨﺎك ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﺧﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام:
am , is , are going to
4.
4.Present
PresentContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرعاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
4.
4.Present
PresentContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرعاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ:
هﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﻪ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ و اﻟﺬي ﺗﺨﻠﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ أي اﻟﺬي وﻗﻊ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺣﺪوﺛﻪ.
5.
5.Past
PastContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
While I was sleeping , a thief entered my room.
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ
)ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ آﻨﺖ ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺎً ،دﺧﻞ ﻟﺺ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻲ( هﺬﻩ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺛﻴﻦ
أﺣﺪهﻤﺎ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ وهﻮ اﻟﻨﻮم واﻵﺧﺮ دﺧﻮل اﻟﻠﺺ اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺬي
ﺣﺼﻞ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻮم .
When we were eating , my father came .
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ
) ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ آﻨﺎ ﻧﺄآﻞ ،ﺟﺎء واﻟﺪي( هﺬﻩ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺛﻴﻦ أﺣﺪهﻤﺎ
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ وهﻮ اﻷآﻞ واﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﺠﻲء واﻟﺪي اﻟﺬي ﺣﺼﻞ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻷآﻞ
.
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻋﻮدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ
TENSES اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ
5.
5.Past
PastContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﺿﻊ أداة اﻟﺮﺑﻂ وﺳﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ دون أن ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ
اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﺎن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :
5.
5.Past
PastContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ:
ﺗﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ إذا ﺑﺪأت اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻜﻠﻤﺔ whileوﺗﺤﺬف
إذا وﻗﻌﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ .
ﺗﺬآﺮ داﺋﻤﺎً أن ﻗﺎﻋﺪة whileﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﻼن اﻷول ﻃﻮﻳﻞ
ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ و اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺊ وهﻮ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ.
6.
6.Future
FutureContinuous
ContinuousTense
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ Tense
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞاﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞhas / have + ﻳﺘﻜﻮن هﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻦI :
7.
7.Present
PresentPerfect
PerfectTense
Tense اﻟﺘﺎم
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرعاﻟﺘﺎم
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
Since
Since&&For
For
• Since means “from some definite point or period n the past up to now”
.ﺗﻌﻨﻲ آﻠﻤﺔ ”ﻣﻨﺬ“ اﻋﺘﺒﺎراً ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ أو ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ و ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن
2 o’
o’clock a moment
Monday 3 minutes
yesterday an hour
last night many hours
last week/ last month/ last year 3 days/ 5 weeks / 4 months
1996 a year
last century 10 years
he came…………
came………… a century
8.
8.Past
PastPerfect
PerfectTense
Tense اﻟﺘﺎم
اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲاﻟﺘﺎم
اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
1. I had washed before I prayed.
2. They went home after they had finished their work.
3. Ahmed had eaten the cake which he bought.
4. As soon as they had bought a car, they drove to Makkah.
ﻻﺣﻆ أن هﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺎ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﻪ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺪث
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم.
9.
9.Future
FuturePerfect
PerfectTense
Tense اﻟﺘﺎم
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞاﻟﺘﺎم
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
١٠.Present
١٠. PresentPerfect
PerfectContinuous
ContinuousTense
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ Tense
اﻟﺘﺎماﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرعاﻟﺘﺎم
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
١٠.Present
١٠. PresentPerfect
PerfectContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﺘﺎماﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرعاﻟﺘﺎم
اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
: Present Perfect ﻟﻜﻲ ﻧﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ و اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم
:ﻻﺣﻆ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ
• Maha started making cakes three hours ago. There are now
one hundred cakes on the table.
:ﻣﻦ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﻧﻜﻮّن
Present Perfect Continuous Tense اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
• The Imperatives uses the simple form of the verb such as:
walk, read, open,….etc.
.ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ أي اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻷول
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
Give Instructions إﻋﻄﺎء ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت
• Mix the flour and the sugar. (Affirmative )إﺛﺒﺎت
• Take two tablets every four hours. (Affirmative )إﺛﺒﺎت
أﻣﺜﻠــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
Give Warnings إﻋﻄﺎء ﺗﺤﺬﻳﺮات
• Keep out. Danger. (Affirmative )إﺛﺒﺎت
A modal has only one form of the verb for all persons, but it can
have several meanings and time frames, depending on the
context in which it is used.
اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ ﻟﻪ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ و
.أﺷﻜﺎل زﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺬي ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻴﻪ
Form اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ
shall, should, will would, may, might, can, could, must, ought to +
()اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻷول ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ
shall
Promise You shall take a reward.
وﻋﺪ
Determination He does not want to obey me: but he
ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ shall.
shall.
should
Duty You should obey your teachers.
اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ
Advice or opinion You should stop smoking.
اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ أو اﻟﺮأي
will
The simple future tense. He will visit us tomorrow.
ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ
Determination or promise I will travel when I like.
اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ أو اﻟﻮﻋﺪ We will do as you wish.
might Possibility
اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
I hoped that I might succeed.
I thought that the weather might
might change
must Necessity
اﻟﻀﺮورة
You must listen to your teachers.
ought to Advice
اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ
You ought to help the poor.
You ought to help You ought not to Ought you to help Yes, I ought to.
to. No, I ought not.
not.
them. help them. them?
آﺎﻟﻌﺎدة. إذا اﻧﺘﻬﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺑﺤﺮف yﻓﺄﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﺐ ال yإﻟﻰ iﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ er
• easy easier than
• heavy heavier than
آﺎﻟﻌﺎدة. iﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ est إﻟﻰ إذا اﻧﺘﻬﺖ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺑﺤﺮف yﻓﺄﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﺐ ال y
• easy the easiest
2.
2.Comparing
ComparingLong
LongAdjectives
Adjectives اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ
اﻟﺼﻔﺎتاﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ
ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔاﻟﺼﻔﺎت
ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ
2.
2.Comparing
ComparingLong
LongAdjectives
Adjectives اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ
اﻟﺼﻔﺎتاﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ
ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔاﻟﺼﻔﺎت
ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﺌﻴﻦ ﺗﺴﺒﻖ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت آﻠﻤﺔ the most
• Amal is the most beautiful girl in her class.
• This is the most important subject in this book.
2.
2.Comparing
ComparingLong
LongAdjectives
Adjectives اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ
اﻟﺼﻔﺎتاﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ
ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔاﻟﺼﻔﺎت
ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ
:ﻣﻼﺣﻈــــــــــــﺔ
اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ أﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أﺛﻨﻴﻦ
ﺟﻴﺪ good better than the best
ﺳﻴﺊ bad worse than the worst
(آﺜﻴﺮ )ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪود many more than the most
(آﺜﻴﺮ )ﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪود much
(ﻗﻠﻴﻞ )ﻟﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪود little less than the least
ﺑﻌﻴﺪ far farther than the farthest
as……..as
as……..as ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ((
ﻣﺜﻞ))ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ
ﻣﺜﻠﻪﻣﺜﻞ
ﻣﺜﻠﻪ
ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا اﻻﺻﻄﻼح ﺣﻴﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺴﺎواة ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺘﻴﻦ.
• Ali is as tall as his brother.
• This bag is as big as my bag.
not
notas……..as
as……..as ﻣﺜﻞ
ﻣﺜﻠﻪﻣﺜﻞ
ﻟﻴﺲﻣﺜﻠﻪ
ﻟﻴﺲ
Some words that end in ly can be both adjectives or adverbs. Most of them refer to time.
ﻣﻌﻈﻢ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ. ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻇﺮوف أو ﺻﻔﺎتly ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑـ
: ﻣﺜﻞ.اﻟﻮﻗﺖ
daily ً ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎweekly ًأﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺎ
Verb to BE: ﻓﻌﻞ ﻳﻜﻮن :ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻇﺮف اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ
Ali is always on time.
Other Verbs: اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻷﺧﺮى :ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻇﺮف اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻌﺎدي
Ali sometimes reads a book.
.أدوات اﻟﺮﺑﻂ هﺬﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
:ﻣﺜﺎل
• I found a watch. I was walking in the street.
• I found a watch while I was walking in the street.
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of place with
the main sentence.
أدوات اﻟﺮﺑﻂ هﺬﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ.
ﻣﺜﺎل:
• Wherever he goes his brother follows him.
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of cause with
the main sentence.
أدوات اﻟﺮﺑﻂ هﺬﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ.
ﻣﺜﺎل:
• I stayed at home yesterday because it was raining.
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of manner with the
main sentence.
أدوات اﻟﺮﺑﻂ هﺬﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ.
داﺋﻤﺎً ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ as ifﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ.
ﻣﺜﺎل:
• He speaks as if he were a king.
ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ و ﻣﺠﺮد ﺧﻴﺎل. was wereﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام
• It looks as if it would rain.
وهﻮ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ و أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺮد ﺗﻮﻗﻊ. will ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام wouldﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻦ
a) We use (may + infinitive) when the main verb is in the present or future.
.اﻟﻤﺼﺪر( ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع أو اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ+ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم )رﺑﻤﺎ
:ﻣﺜﺎل
He works hard. He wishes to succeed.
He works hard so that (that or in order that) he may succeed.
b) We use (might + infinitive) when the main verb is in the simple past.
.اﻟﻤﺼﺪر( ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ+ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم )رﺑﻤﺎ
:ﻣﺜﺎل
He was walking quickly in order that he might not be late.
.ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬﻩ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺎت ﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
:ﻣﺜﺎل
• The man is so weak that he can not walk.
• He wrote such good answers that he got he marks.
.أدوات اﻟﺮﺑﻂ هﺬﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
:ﻣﺜﺎل
• He is poor. He is happy.
• Although (though) he is poor, he is happy.
.أدوات اﻟﺮﺑﻂ هﺬﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
:ﻣﺜﺎل
• Nabeel is as clever as his father.
• Sami is not so strong as his brother.
.أدوات اﻟﺮﺑﻂ هﺬﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ
:ﻣﺜﺎل
• If we are ill, we go to bed.
• If we work hard, we will succeed.
• If we worked hard, we would succeed.
• If he had fallen, he would have hurt himself.
• Unless the rain falls, the crops will not grow.
as……..as
as……..as ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ[[
ﻣﺜﻞ]]ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ
ﻣﺜﻠﻪﻣﺜﻞ
ﻣﺜﻠﻪ
ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا اﻻﺻﻄﻼح ﺣﻴﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺴﺎواة ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻦ.
not
notas……..as
as……..as ﻣﺜﻞ
ﻣﺜﻠﻪﻣﺜﻞ
ﻟﻴﺲﻣﺜﻠﻪ
ﻟﻴﺲ
A.
A. Statements
Statements اﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ
اﻟﺠﻤﻞاﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ
اﻟﺠﻤﻞ
A.
A. Statements
Statements اﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ
اﻟﺠﻤﻞاﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ
اﻟﺠﻤﻞ
اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﺎﻋﻼً) .ﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮدﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة( .١
ﻧﻀﻊ ﻓﻌﻞ to beﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎً ﻟﻠﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ. .٢
ﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ. .٣
ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎً ﺑــ byوﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﻄﺐ إذا آﺎن ﺿﻤﻴﺮاً. .٤
أي زﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ دون ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ. .٥
A.
A. Statements
Statements اﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ
اﻟﺠﻤﻞاﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ
اﻟﺠﻤﻞ
:أﻣﺜﻠـــــــــــــــــــﺔ
Huda wrote the lesson. The lesson was written (by Huda).
She has eaten the apple. The apple has been eaten (by her).
A.
A. Statements
Statements اﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ
اﻟﺠﻤﻞاﻟﺨﺒﺮﻳﺔ
اﻟﺠﻤﻞ
ﻣﻊ اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: to be ﻳﺼﺮف ﻓﻌﻞ
am, is, are اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ
can be, could be, may be, might be, must be, ought آﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ
to be
B.
B. Questions
Questions اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ
اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ
اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﺎﻋﻼً) .ﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮدﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة( .١
ﻧﻀﻊ ﻓﻌﻞ to beﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال. .٢
ﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ. .٣
ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺎً ﺑــ byوﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﻄﺐ إذا آﺎن ﺿﻤﻴﺮاً. .٤
أي زﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻳﻮﺿﻊ آﻤﺎ هﻮ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ دون ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ. .٥
B.
B. Questions
Questions اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ
اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ
:أﻣﺜﻠـــــــــــــــــــﺔ
Did he eat the cake?. Was the cake eaten (by him)?
Will Ali buy a new car? Will a new car be bought (by Ali)?
C.
C. Command
Command اﻷﻣﺮ
اﻷﻣﺮ
C.
C. Command
Command اﻷﻣﺮ
اﻷﻣﺮ
:أﻣﺜﻠـــــــــــــــــــﺔ
Send this letter to your friend. Let this letter be sent to your friend.
ﻣﻼﺣﻈـــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
ﻣﻼﺣﻈـــــــــــــــــــــــﺔ
ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ﻣﻨﻔﻴﺔ أو ﺳﺆاﻻً ﻣﺬﻳﻼً ﻟﺬا ﻳﺠﺐ
اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ هﺬا اﻟﺴﺆال أو اﻟﺘﺬﻳﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل.
أﻣﺜﻠـــــــــــــــــــﺔ
Ali does not write letters Letters are not written (by Ali).
?Dickens wrote those novels, didn’t he Those novels were written by Dickens,
?weren’t they
?Dickens didn’t write that play, did he ?That play wasn’t written by Dickens, was it
*اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ﻟﻌﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺎ ،أﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ
اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻮي أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺘﻌﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل.
*هﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮﻟﻴﻦ ﻟﺬا ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل .ﻣﺜﺎل:
Ahmed gave Huda a flower . ﺗﺒﻨﻰ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ:
اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ
A preposition shows the relation between the subject and the object.
There are also prepositions of time and prepositions of place.
ﺗﺪل ﺣﺮوف اﻟﺠﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ و اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ و ﻳﻮﺟﺪ أﻳﻀﺎً ﺣﺮوف ﺟﺮ داﻟﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ و ﺣﺮوف ﺟﺮ داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن.
on
Day اﻷﻳﺎم On Monday
in
Season ﻓﺼﻞ The trees grow in spring.
at
Time اﻟﻮﻗﺖ I will come back at 2 o’
o’clock.
at at an exact place ﻓﻲ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﺤﺪد He lives at number 5, King Fahad Street.
at the table ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ They are standing at the dinner table
In a building or area ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ أو You were in the club last night.
ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ
In a chair ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ Ali is sitting in his chair.
between ﺑﻴﻦ The house is between the school and the mosque.
into ﻓﻲ،داﺧﻞ The electrician is putting his hand into the TV.
between ﺑﻴﻦ The house is between the school and the mosque.
into ﻓﻲ،داﺧﻞ The electrician is putting his hand into the TV.
آﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ. do/does *ﻻﺣﻆ هﻨﺎ أن اﻟﺴﺆال ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻟﺬا اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ
آﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ. did *ﻻﺣﻆ هﻨﺎ أن اﻟﺴﺆال ﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻟﺬا اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎ
If you eat too much, you will become fat. ﻣﺜﺎل:
ﻻﺣﻆ أﻳﻀﺎً أن beﺗﺘﺤﻮل إﻟﻰ wereﻓﻲ هﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة و ﻻ ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام wasﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ
آﺎن اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻔﺮداً.
If I were you, I would buy a new car. ﻣﺜﺎل:
If you boil water, it becomes steam. )ﻟﻮ أﻧﻨﺎ ﻏﻠﻴﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﺎء ،ﻓﺄﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﺨﺎراً(
و هﺬﻩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ و ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻘﻴﺪة ﺑﻮﻗﺖ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻟﺬا ﺟﺎءت آﻠﻤﺔ becomesﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع و
ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ.
If you are under 17, don’t drive a car. Or Don’t drive a car if you are under 17.
She said: "I have not been in the school library She said that she had not been to the school library
recently”
recently”. recently.
He said to me: "I shall see you tomorrow”
tomorrow”. He told me that he would see me the next day.
day.
:واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ أﺿﺎف and added that :( ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﺘﻜﻠﻢ واﺣﺪ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرة.) إذا آﺎن هﻨﺎك
They said to him: “We shall see you tomorrow. We They told him that they would see him the next day
shall visit Ahmed”
Ahmed”. and added that they would visit Ahmed.
: ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻻ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ أزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ إﻧﻤﺎ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮsay, says إذا آﺎﻧﺖ آﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻮل
إﻟﻰ آﻼم ﻣﻨﻘﻮل Reportedﻧﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ: * ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺳﺆال ﻣﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ Direct
-١اﻟﻔﻌﻞ askedﻳﺤﺪد زﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال ،وهﻲ آﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
ﻣﻀﺎرع Present ﻣﺎﺿﻲ Past
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ Past ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎم Past Perfect
-٢إذا آﺎن اﻟﺴﺆال ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أداة ﺳﺆال ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ آﺄداة رﺑﻂ.
-٣ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال إﻟﻰ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺧﺒﺮﻳﺔ و هﻮ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ.
-٤ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ.
:ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻻ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ أزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ إﻧﻤﺎ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ask, asks إذا آﺎﻧﺖ آﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال
:ًﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺣﺮف ”ي“ ﻻﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ و ذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻨﻘﻮل ﻣﺜﻼ
ﺳﻌﻮدي : اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ