Glossary of Corrections in Corrections
Glossary of Corrections in Corrections
Glossary of Corrections in Corrections
Classical View – Considers free will and choice as major determinants in criminal
behavior.
Coed Prison – Prison facilities holding both males and females. To be effective, both
sexes should be managed and treated similarly, and the ration of females to males
should be in the range of forty females to sixty males or sixty males to forty females.
Conjugal Visits – Visits that are private and unsupervised between an inmate and
spouse.
Correction – The systematic and organized efforts directed by a society that attempt
to punish offenders, protect the public from offenders, change offender’s behavior,
and in some cases, compensate victims.
Criminal Justice – The formal crime control apparatus comprising police, prosecution,
court correction and community.
Deprivation Model – Considers the origin of a prison subculture to be from inside the
prison due to negative living conditions.
Direct Supervision – Found in third-generation jails where officers spend time in the
living area actively supervising and interacting with inmates.
Discretion – Latitude of free choice within certain legal bounds; when decisions may
be made that are not generally open to reexamination by others.
Due Process – A fundamental idea wherein a person should not be deprived of life,
liberty, or property without legal procedures that are fair and reasonable.
Free Will – Central to the classical view that emphasizes freedom of choice and the
pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.
Gaol – Old English term meaning and pronounced the same as jail.
Group Counseling – A planned activity in which three or more people as present for
the purpose of solving personal and social problems.
Importation Model – Considers the origin of a prison subculture to come along with
prisoners and their prior life experience.
Institutional Model – Utilizing larger, more secure, and more isolated institutions
rather than smaller community-based facilities.
Intake – The initial point of entry into the jail and the official entry of the accused
offender into the adult criminal justice system.
Lex Taliones – Latin phrase that embodies the concept of retaliation and revenge –
an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
Mala Prohibita – Conduct considered wrong because of the law prohibiting it.
Maximum Custody Prison – Facilities designed for inmates who require maximum
control and continuous supervision of individuals who have demonstrated behavior
that is assaultive, predacious, riotous, or who pose serious escape risks.
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Medium Custody Prison – Facilities for inmates with a history of conduct showing
some degree of trustworthiness.
Open System- Viewing the operation of prisons with numerous input na d output
exchanges with other governmental units such as central office, courts and
legislatures.
Ordered Segmentation – Small cliques and friendship groups often based o n racial,
ethic, and gang membership, reflecting the diversified composition of contemporary
prison populations.
Parens Patriae – A doctrine in which the state assumed authority and responsibility
to oversee neglected and abused children.
Partnership Model – A joint undertaking between the public and private sector in the
operation of prison industries.
Positivist View – Considers the multitude of factors that help determine criminal
behavior.
Prison Community – The mix of inmates and staff living in prison who in many
respects have the same daily needs and required services as found in the outside
community.
Reintegration – A correctional model that p laces responsibility for change not only
on offenders but also upon the community.
Restitution – The repayment of the offender to victims who have suffered financial
losses as a result of the offender’s crime.
Role Conflict – A situation in which incompatibility exists between two or more roles
that an individual is expected to perform.
Social Control – The complex of formal and informal means to promote socially
acceptable behavior.
Status Offense – Non-criminal behavior, such as truancy and running away from
home that is in violation of law applicable to juveniles.
Utilitarian Doctrine – Associated with Jeremy Bentham. Actions are right insofar as
they contribute to maximizing the happiness of people, wrong insofar as they
decrease that happiness.
Weekend Jail – Convicted persons live at home and work during the week and
report to serve jail time on weekends.
Writ of Certiorari – A written order from a higher court to a lower court requiring that
a case be brought forward for review.
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