Beven Rainfall Runoff Modelling 2nd Ed
Beven Rainfall Runoff Modelling 2nd Ed
Beven Rainfall Runoff Modelling 2nd Ed
Kingsley Guruge
Retired Senior Lecturer in Geography
Sri Lanka 1
Sri Lanka National Report on Disaster Risk, Poverty and
Human Development Relationship
♥ The disaster event profile of Sri Lanka is based on the Sri Lanka
Historical Disaster Information System,designed by the Disaster
Management Centre (DMC), Ministry of Disaster Management, in line
with DesInventar system developed by the LA RED in Latin America.
There are many types of disaster events in the country but the most
common are :
Source : Sri Lanka National Report on Disaster Risk, Poverty and Human Development
Relationship 6
Chronological Trend of Disaster Events
Source: desinventar.lk 7
♥ The sudden increase in animal attacks after 1998 is mainly due to the
commencement of systematic recording of events, rather than a sudden
outbreak of animal attacks.
♥ There is a sharp break in this trend beginning 2007, but it is too early to
predict whether this is a start of a declining trend or not.
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Droughts have been mostly responsible for agricultural loss,
followed by floods and wind events.
Extreme wind events have caused the most number of deaths (926).
DS level from 9 to 74
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Floods General Trend of Occurrence
1974-2007
Source : Sri Lanka National Report on Disaster Risk, Poverty and Human
Development
Relationship
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People Affected by Different Disasters in Sri Lanka
1974-2004
Source: Towards a Safer Sri Lanka: A Roadmap for Disaster Risk Management
Floods: Number of People Affected by Region- 1974- 2004
Source: Towards a Safer Sri Lanka: A Roadmap for Disaster Risk Management
Profile of People Affected due to Profile of People Affected due to
Different Disaster Categories Different Disaster Categories
without Tsunami : 1974 - 2008 without Tsunami : 1974 - 2008
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Profile of Loss of Life due to Profile of Loss of Life due to
Different Disaster Categories Different Disaster Categories
Without Tsunami : 1974-2008 With Tsunami : 1974-2008
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Profile of houses Destroyed Profile of houses Destroyed
and Damaged due to Disasters and Damaged due to Disasters
Without Tsunami : 1974-2008 With Tsunami : 1974-2008
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Profile of Agricultural Losses Due Profile of Agricultural Losses Due
to Disasters (in Hectares) to Disasters (in Hectares)
Without Tsunami :1974 - 2008 Without Tsunami :1974 - 2008
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♥ Mainly drought (52.2%), flood (38.9%) and Extreme wind
events (4.2%) cause damage to agricultural crops.
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Spatial Distribution
of Events by Districts
and DS Divisions :
1974-2008
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Floods in Sri Lanka
♥ Flood was identified as the most common and hazardous
natural event in Sri Lanka.
Flood Damage
♥ Floods destroyed at least about 40,000. private dwellings.
♥ Rendered more than 400,000, people homeless.
♥ Extensive damages to roads, bridges and railways.
♥ Deaths, loss of Personnel possessions, not comprehensively
estimated
Floods of 1957
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Estimated precipitation over Sri Lanka for
January 3 - 9. Up to 18 inches (525 mm) fell
over eastern Sri Lanka. Image credit: NASA
Earth Observatory.
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♥ Recent past several flash floods occur, without giving much
time for evacuation, and diminished within two to three days.
So far, in 2008, there were three flood events one in 29th of
April, 30th of May and other in 19th of July for Kelani, Kalu and
Gin Ganga basins.
♥ Floods in Kelani river are important due to its outfall being near
the capital city of Colombo.
♥ When the flood levels of Kelani are in between 5.0 ft. and 7.0 ft.
at the Nagalagam (Colombo) gauge, they are within the limits of
minor floods.
♥ When the level exceeds 7.0 ft. the flood is defined as a major
flood
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♥ The highest number of flood events was reported in 2003
totaling 255, and the average for the period was 77.
♥ The greatest number of people was affected by fl oods in
1994, 2003, 1990, and 1993. The largest number of
houses damaged during the floods in 2003 totaled to
37,721 and in 1994 totaled to 19,857.
♥ The greatest damage to paddy occurred in 1994 (53,021
hectares), 1984 (51,034 hectares) and 1986 (47,564
hectares).
♥ Relief distribution was highest in 2003 (Rs.265,400,390)
and in 2005 (Rs. 243,271,924).
♥ While the largest number of disaster events recorded; the
largest number of houses damaged or destroyed and the
largest amount of resources spent on flood relief was in 2003,
the largest number of people affected was in 1994, and the
greatest damage to paddy occurred in 1994.