Dickens's Dictionary of Oxford & Cambridge, 1885
Dickens's Dictionary of Oxford & Cambridge, 1885
Dickens's Dictionary of Oxford & Cambridge, 1885
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THE UNIVERSITY OF
OXFORD
1885-1886
{SECOND YEAR)
» > ^ •'
EDITED BY
CHARLES DICKENS
J. G, Cobriwi,
DICKENS'S DICTIONARIES.
NEW EDITIONS YEARLY.
UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.
matriculated, they must not exceed three of Homer, or one Greek Play, or an
terms of residence, nor hold a Scholar- equivalent amount of some other Greek
ship or Exhibition worth more than ;,^5o author. (Candidates are advised to
a year. Natives of the West Riding of offer either the Hecuba or the Alcestis
Yorkshire are, ccetei^is paribus, preferred. of Euripides ; or Homer, Odyssey VI.-
VIII., as these are the most useful
—
Admission. Students may be books.) (2) Three books of Virgil's
admitted as members of the University ^neid, or three books of the Odes of
either as members of a College or Hall, Horace, or an equivalent amount of
or Non-Collegiate. some other Latin author. (3) Trans-
In the former case, application should lation from English into Latin. (4)
be made in good time to the Head The elements of Greek and Latin
of the College or Hall selected, when Grammar. (5) Arithmetic, including
its particular requirements may be Fractions, Decimals, and Proportion.
ascertained. As a rule an Examina- (6) Euclid, Books I., II., or Algebra,
tion has to be passed, and in almost all the first four Rules, Fractions, and
cases an admission fee and a certain Simple Equations. Each candidate
sum by way of Caution money have to must forward to the Censor, at the Old
be paid. Particulars as to these matters Clarendon Building, Broad Street,
will be found under the head of each Oxford, some time before the day
College or Hall. For any further in- appointed for the Examination: (i) a
formation application should be made testimonial of good conduct and cha-
at Oxford itself. racter ; (2) a certificate of his parents'
Persons desirous of becoming mem- or guardians' consent to his living in
bers of the University without joining lodgings, or of his being of age. The
a College or Hall, must apply to the fees payable by unattached students
>/. B 2
2488f
;
ADM—ALL •./4
great beauty. In the ante-chapel are the tomb and bust of Thomas
Hoveden, 1614, and a few brasses, one dated 1490, another 146 1.
Eastward of the Chapel is the Hall, containing several busts, among
others one of Bishop Heber by Chantrey, and one of the founder by
Roubiliac, as well as several portraits. Among the curiosities in the
College is a very ancient salt-cellar of silver-gilt, supported by an armed
figure, presented to the College by one of the descendants of the founder.
The north side of the second quadrangle is occupied by the Library,
built with money left by Colonel Codrington in the early part of the last
century. In it is a planetarium, a statue of Colonel Codrington, and
a fine collection of books, more especially of a legal character. Sir
Christopher Wren's original designs for the building of St. PauFs are
also here.
One of the curious old customs, which are one by one disappearing
from the Oxford of to-day, was annually celebrated at All Souls'.
It was a tradition that when the foundations of the College were being
prepared, a very large mallard flew from one of the drains, and
that this circumstance gave rise to the adoption of a mallard as the
College crest. On the Gaudy Day or annual festival, a song and chorus
in honour of the mallard was sung by the Fellows a verse of this song,
;
Chorus.
Oh, by the blood of King Edward !
usually employed, Oxford presents many the Taylorian, where the one marble
advantages to those who have the time —
that finds a place upstairs a female
and the will to avail themselves of them. bust, with shoulders and drapery of a
The Ruskin Drawing School, situated fine and strong simplicity, and a head
ontheground floor of the south-west wing of Roman work of a much later date
of the University Galleries, is under the has, after many years of hesitation, now
superintendence of Mr. MacDonald, and finally parted with her nose, which her
is conducted on much the same princi- head, long left negligently awry, bids
ples as most of the Government Art fair soon to follow.
;f 2. The Examinations are held four Gospels in Greek; (2) Logic or Mathe-
times a year, namely, on a day between matics ; (3) Translation of English into
September 27 and October 5 (this is Latin; (4) Three books, of which one
known as the Examination in lieu of at least must be Greek, and one either
Responsions); Michaelmas Term; Hilary an historical or philosophical work to
Term and in Trinity Term. The Exami-
; be selected from a list which is issued
nation, which consists partly in answer- from time to time by the Board of
ing questions in writing, and partly Studies, and (5) Translations from Greek
vivd, voce, is in the following five sub- and Latin books, which have not been
jects : Algebra or Euclid ; (2) Arith-
(i) specially offered. In the event of the
metic; (3) Greek and Latin Grammar; Examination in the Four Gospels being
(4) Translation from English into Latin objected to on religious grounds, another
Prose ; and (5) one Greek and one Latin Greek book may be substituted. Can-
author. necessary that candidates
It is didates who fail to pass the Examina-
should the Examiners in the
satisfy tion may try again, so long as the
whole of these subjects, failure in any Regulations laid down by the several
one being fatal to success. Candidates Colleges admit. The Examinations of
who are successful in all the subjects those who seek Honours in Classics are
receive from the clerk of the schools held in Michaelmas Term, and in
a written certificate or Testamur signed Easter and Trinity Term, candidates
by the Examiners. Those who fail, being subject to the same conditions as
present themselves for examination at those who do not seek Honours, except
a future time. that they must have entered upon their
The First Public Examination, fifth, and not have exceeded their eighth
tnore familiarly known as *' Modera- term from the time of their matricula-
tions," has to be passed by all, but tion inclusive. The subjects of the
candidates are divided into those who Examination, which is conducted chiefly
do not go in for Honours, and those in writing but partly vivd voce, are (l)
:
who aspire to Honours in Classics and The Four Gospels in Greek ; (2) Greek
Mathematics. The Classical Examina- and Latin Literature, according to the
tion, in one or other of its forms, must list of books, etc., issued from time to
of necessity be passed by all candidates, time by the Board of Studies. As in
the Honours Examination in Mathe- the case of those who do not seek
ART-ART 10
Honours, another Greek book may be must have passed the First Public
substituted forthe Four Gospels. Success- Examination, or they must have passed
ful candidates are divided into three the General Examination at Cambridge
classes, the names in which are arranged and have been incorporated at Oxford.
alphabetically, and candidates who Candidates are admitted to the Ex-
are thus placed receive a certifi- amination in the Rudiments of Faith
cate. Such candidates as are not and Religion, or in the substituted
deemed worthy of being placed in a matter, in any term subsequent to that
class list, but who have passed such an in which they passed the First Public
Examination as would have been satis- Examination.
factory if they had not been candidates Candidates who seek Honours must
for Honours, are entitled to receive a have entered upon the twelfth term
Testamur to that effect. The Examina- from their matriculation ; but no one is
tion of those who seek Honours in admitted as a candidate in any Honour
Mathematics is held in Michaelmas School after the lapse of sixteen terms
and Trinity Terms. Candidates must from the term of his matriculation in-
have begun the fourth and not exceeded clusively, unless he has been classed in
the eighth term from the time of their some other school of the Second Public
matriculation inclusive ; they must have Examination, in which case he may be
passed Responsions or one of the admitted up to the twentieth term
alternative Examinations, and are inclusively.
required to pay a fee of £l. The Candidates who do not seek Honours
subjects are : (
i ) Algebra, and the Theory are admitted to the Pass School, or any
of Equations ; (2) Trigonometry ; (3) part of it, in any term subsequent tc^
Plane Geometry ; of
(4) Geometry that in which they have passed the
three Dimensions ; (5) The Differential First Public Examination.
Calculus ; (6) The Integration of Differ- The Examination in the Rudiments
ential Expressions; and (7) The of Faith and Religion held in Michael-
Elements of the Calculus of Finite mas and in Hilary Terms begins on the
Differences. Successful candidates are Saturday in the seventh week of full
divided into three classes, the names in term. The Examination of candidates
which are arranged in alphabetical order. who do not seek Honours begins in
The Second Public Examination Michaelmas Term on the Monday in
consists of: (i) An Examination in the the eighth week of full term, and in
Rudiments of Faith and Religion ; (2) Trinity Term on the Monday in the
An Examination for candidates who do week before Commemoration. The
not seek Honours ; (3) An Examina- Examination in the School of Literse
tion of candidates for Honours in the Humaniores begins not earlier than
Schools of Literoe Humaniores, Mathe- some day in the week before Com-
matics, Natural Science, Jurisprudence, memoration. The Preliminary Honour
Modern History, and Theology. Al- Examination in the School of Natural
though candidates may pass the Second Science begins in Michaelmas Term on
Public Examination, either by obtain- the Thursday in the sixth week of full
ing Honours in any of the six schools term, and in Easter or Trinity Term on
above specified, or by passing the the Thursday in the third week before
Examination for those who do not the Commemoration. The Final
seek Honours, all candidates must Honour Examination, held only once
satisfy the Examiners in the Rudiments a year, begins not later than seven days
of Faith and Religion, or in the sub- after the end of the Preliminary Honour
jects which those who object to the Examination in Easter or Trinity Term.
Examination on religious grounds are The Examinations in the Schools of
permitted to substitute. Candidates Modern History, Jurisprudence, and
;
I ART— AT H
Theology begin not earlier than some —
the right on entering some Burmese
day in the week before Commemora- and Malabar MSS., written on talipot
tion. The Examination in the School leaves ; a fine old carved powder-flask ;
of Mathematics begins in Trinity Term Charles I.'s spurs ; a mosaic portrait in
on the Thursday immediately following shells of Pope Leo XIL ; the sword sent
the eighth week of full term. by Leo X. to Henry VHI. with the title
The fees payable by candidates will be of Defender of the Faith, with a crystal
found in the list of Fees payable to the handle highly wrought ; King Alfred's
University on various occasions. jewel, enamelled in gold, and bearing
At the close of the Examinations in the inscription in Saxon, '* Alfred
each of the Honour Schools the suc- ordered me to be made ; " Queen Eliza-
<:essful candidates are divided in order beth's watch and riding-boots Charles
;
•of merit into four classes, the names in II. 's bellows ; a glove which belonged
which are arranged alphabetically, to Mary Queen of Scots Henry VIII. 's
;
ATH—ATH 12
13 ATH— BAL
Lowe (Trinity), 3 ; H. H. Minton (Brasenose, Oxford), 93 ft. i in., 3 ;
BALLIOL COLLEGE.
Balliol College is in Broad Street and Magdalen Street. The date
of the foundation of Balliol by Sir John Balliol, of Barnard Castle,
Durham, the father of John Balliol, King of Scotland, is somewhat obscure.
The year was perhaps 1268. The College has been practically entirely
rebuilt, a small portion only of the older buildings now remaining, no
part of the College being older than 143 1. The south front, with the
massive tower, was built about 1870 by Waterhouse, and ten years earlier
the Chapel was built from designs by Butterfield, who here employed the
red and white Gothic, which he afterwards developed more fully at Keble.
The Library and Hall, which have been enlarged, are of older date than
most of the remainder of the College ; on the west of the Broad Street
entrance is a very beautiful oriel window. In the Hall are some portraits,
and the Library has a good collection of illuminated MSS. Opposite the
door of the Master's lodging in Broad Street are four small stones set
crosswise, and it is supposed by some that it was here that Cranmer,
Ridley, and Latimer suffered martyrdom. Other authorities are quite
certain that the stones do not exactly mark the actual scene of the
auto-da-Je.
Several Archbishops of Canterbury and a great number of other
;
BAL-BAL 14
£200 to the Lecturer, who must be a when the river is high and the bather /
Master of Arts of Oxford or Cambridge, foolhardy, there is little or no danger/
and is chosen by the Heads of Col- for capable swimmers.
leges on the fourth Tuesday in every
Easter Term. The Lecturer for the —
Baths. There is a well-manage
ensuing year is the Rev. Charles Bigg, Turkish Bath {2s. 6d.) in Merton Streetl
D.D., Chaplain of Corpus Christi with an excellent swimming bath (u. I
will begin to organise scratch races, inseparable from attendance at the Gym-
for fours and eights, and the crews —
nasium the confined and unchanged
drawn together will practise regularly indoor air. The one drawback to it
until the events are decided. The is thata man is apt to become too
usual practising ground is between the much enslaved to it, especially if he
Barges and Iffley Lock, a distance of passes from the Torpid to the College
about a mile and a quarter ; each boat Eight. The beginnings are hard to the
starts from its College barge or boat- untrained freshman, and some will fall
house, and does the journey twice in away from attendance at the boats after
the afternoon, unless it be decided to a few days. But once accredited as
pass the lock and row down as far as a promising oarsman his Boat Club will
Sandford. Here the men will get out not let him go ; scarcely is he freed
and stretch their limbs for half-an-hour from the Torpid when practice for the
before returning ; or they may dis- Eights begins, and in the early days of
embark at Kennington Island and play the Summer Term he is again in train-
quoits or skittles. By the end of the ing for the Eights. These are rowed
term the committee of the Boat Club about the fourth or fifth week in the
have fair means for judging whom to term, just before the schools commence,
select for practice for the College Torpids. and last now for six nights, instead of
An eight-oar or two will be taken out eight, as formerly. The two divisions
before the close of the Michaelmas Term, start respectively at 5 and 6.30 p.m.,
but they will not become frequent upon two hours later than is the case with
the river until after the Christmas va- the Torpids. After the Eights the
cation. During the Lent Term the river river breaks out into an eruption of
will be lively with ragged and ill-steered College regattas, when scratch races of
eight-oars, encouraged from the bank by all descriptions are rowed. The Uni-
hoarse and perspiring coaches, who are versity Sculls and Pairs are also decided
permitted by custom to use somewhat at this period. When the Michaelmas
violent language towards the rowers. Term comes round again, the better
Three weeks or so before the Lent Races, oarsmen in each College will be tried
or Torpids, as they are invariably called for the University Eight, two crews
here, the crews are put into training. being finally selected which meet one
When the floods are out, and the tow- another at the end of the term on
path too deep in water for the coaches the reach below Moulsford Railway
to run with comfort on the bank, the Bridge. The University Challenge
boats are taken up to Medley Lock, and Fours are also decided between College
practice continues on the Upper River. crews in this term. For the rowing
The Torpid Races last six days. They man there is thus little leisure from
are rowed in two divisions, the boat his pursuit during the terms when ;
which remains head in the Lower Di- he is not himself rowing he will be in
vision, which races first, being permitted request as a coach. We
ourselves
to try fortune at the tail of the
its would recommend him, for his own
Upper Division, which starts an hour sake and that of his species, not to suc-
and a half later. cumb entirely to the bondage of the
Those who take to boating with their Boat Club after his first two years or so,
College Club in their first year will if it has held him so long. He may
hardly regret their choice. There is sacrifice too much to the calls of what
no exercise so good and so healthy, seems his public duty in this respect^
none so regular and inexpensive. For forgetting that it is not only in the
sound, growing men it is the best Boats nor as an Undergraduate that he
possible aid to physical development, can do credit to his College, and that
not being open to the great objection the University has much to teach him>
19 BOA— BOA
especially in his last year, which he may skill and experience, especially on
miss the chance of finding out if he stormy afternoons, when they are liable
confines himself to one set of com- to capsize or rush ungovernably into the
panions, and to one daily beat of bank on the shortest notice if not
occupation. knowingly handled. They may be
Beside the official boating course there hired for 2.S. the afternoon.
are a hundred pleasant forms of aquatics For an afternoon's row, a dingey may
offered by the river at Oxford. There be taken in summer down to Sandford.
is canoeing below locks and on the or Nuneham, and back, or up the Cher-
Cherwell, or above Medley Lock by the —
well to Islip through some rather
Port Meadow, and the long stretches of troublesome bends and shallows or —
the pleasant Wytham fields, or the above King's Weir to Eynsham, or
dingey may be preferred, either for branching off up the Evenlode. {See
solitary excursions or with a companion. Dickens's Dictionary of the
The dingey, indeed, is the form of craft Thames.)
which offers more advantage to the The University Boating Club (whose
aquatic lounger than any other. In it head-quarters are the University Barge,
he has thorough independence, he and the new Boat House built in 1881,
enjoys considerable freedom of move- with a commodious basement for the
ment without fear of an upset, he can storage of racing boats) is open to all
jDass almost anywhere, can drift with members of the University on the
the stream, or make a good pace if he following terms :
chooses, he can stand up and punt, or Any Graduate paying £2, or any
lie in the stern on a long cushion and Undergraduate by paying ^'3 loj., be-
read in the shade. The *' whiff" is a comes a life member. Any member of
vessel which recommends itself to few the University by paying £1 may be-
save the ambitious freshman and a come a member for one term, not being
certain class of upper river habitues. It thereby qualified to row or steer in any
combines the disadvantages of a dingey of the University races (a privilege re-
and a skiff, with the excellences of served for life members, or for those who
neither. If a man Ukes fast going, have paid four terminal subscriptions).
and can make a whiff travel and turn in The University races of the past year
safety, he may as well take to a skiff, took place as under :
if not he will be much happier in a The final heat of the University Cox-
dingey. Punting on the Cherwell is swainless Fours in 1884 was rowed on
one of the special delights of the November 7, and resulted as follows :
popular in summer on the Cherwell. The Trial Eights were rowed in De-
The upper river, besides being the cember, 1884, from the Great Western
crowded resort of the " unprofessional " Railway Bridge, Moulsford, to Cleeve
boating undergraduate world, is a Lock, about a mile and a half.
capital piece of water for "centre-board- Balfour's Crew, i ; Unwin's Crew, o.
ing." The "centre-boards," mostly Balfour's Crew N. Radcliffe, Mag-
:
BOA— BOA 20
versity; J. H. Ware, B.N.C.
; C. R. CAMBRIDGE. st. lb.
Carter, Corpus; F. O. Wethered, N. P. Symonds, Lady Margaret (bow) 10
W. K. Hardacre. Trinity Hall .. 10
Christ Church ; H. Balfour, Trinity W. H. W. Perrott, First Trinity .. 12
(stroke); W. E. Maynard, Exeter (cox.). S. Swann, Trinity Hall 13
F. E. Churchill, Third Trinity
. . . .
3^
Unwin's Crew C. K. Bowes, Christ .. 13
:
E. W. Haig, Third Trinity .. .. 11 8
Church J. S. demons, Corpus ; G.
; R. M. Coke, Trinity Hall . . . . 12
Trower, Keble H. Girdlestone, Mag-
; F. L Pitman, Third Trinity (stroke) 11 11^
dalen ; G. F. Hornby, Exeter P. W. ;
G.Wilson, First Trinity (cox.) .. 7 11
BRASENOSE COLLEGE.
Brasenose College, westward of the square in which stands the
to the
Radcliffe Library, was founded by Bishop Smith, of Lincoln, and Sir
Richard Sutton, of Prestbury, 1509. Over the entrance gateway are
statues of the Virgin and Child and two saints, and just above the door
is the immense brazen nose from which the College is sometimes errone-
ously supposed to take its name. The real derivation is said to have
been a corruption of Brasenhas or Brewery of King Alfred, but it may
fairly be supposed that there is not much more reason in this derivation than
in the other. The first quadrangle contains the Hall with a few portraits.
In the middle of it is a group of sculpture, respecting which the authori-
ties are at variance some asserting that it was intended for Cain killing
;
Abel, while the other side avers that the group represents Samson slay-
ing a Philistine. One thing is very certain, that the sculpture itself is
entirely devoid of merit. The passage to the left leads into the second
quad, where is the Chapel, chiefly remarkable for its roof There is also
a good lectern.
Two clergymen of curiously different temperaments and literary style
were trained at Brasenose, Bishop Heber, and the Rev. R. H. Barham,
;
;
23 BRA— BRA-
of the '^Ingoldsby Legends." Elias Ashmole; Foxe, of the "Book of
Martyrs ;" Burton, of the "Anatomy of Melancholy;" and Dean Milman
were also ahumii of Brasenose.
Visitor. mas Terms and in Whitsun week. The
The Bishop of Lincoln. subjects are St. Matthew's Gospel, with
rudiments of religious knowledge ; the
Principal.
Hecuba and Alcestis of Euripides,
Edward Hartopp Cradock, D.D.,
Horace Odes, Books i, 2, and 3,
elected 1853.
together with the Ars Poetica^ or
Vice-Principal.
Charles Duller Heberden, M.A.
Virgil Aeneid, l —
5 ; translation from
English into Latin prose ; Greek and
Dean and Lecturer. Latin Grammar; Arithmetic and the
first book of Euclid or the first part of
Walter Horatio Pater, M.A.
Algebra. The admission fee is;^4 4^.,
Tutors. with Caution money for commoners
Charles Duller Heberden, M.A; ;^25, and for scholars ;^20.
Richard Lodge, M.A.
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
Librarian,
Nine hundred pounds a year are
charged on the revenues of the College
Bursar, Lecturer, and Junior Dean. for the endowment of Open Scholar-^
Alfred Joshua Dutler, M.A. ships of the annual value of £80, ten-
able for two years, and renewable. The
Assistant Tutors.
Somerset Scholarships, restricted to
Charles Henry Sampson, M.A. pupils of Manchester, Marlborough,
Arthur Chandler, M.A. and Hereford Schools, are tenable for
Lecturer in Aiicient History. five years, and when qualified candi-
Reginald Walter Macan, M.A„ dates do not present themselves from
Christ Church. the schools mentioned they are open to
Lectu7'er in Law. general competition. The Hulme Ex-
hibitions are now twenty in number;
Archibald Arthur Prankerd, D. C. L. ,
BRA— CAB 24
until four years after matriculation ; and exceeded the twenty-seventh term from
are intended to assist in the education matriculation. They are intended to
for the Church of England ministry of promote the study of Geology, and of
the sons of indigent or deceased clergy- Natural Science as bearing on it.
men, or of such laymen as cannot, un-
aided, support the expenses of a College By-Terms. — Michaelmas Term
education. The next Examination for being the usual and by far the most
Classical Scholarships and Exhibitions advantageous term for joining the Uni-
begin on January 12, 1886, and for
Avill versity,owing to the fact that the
Mathematical Scholarships on No- Second Public Examination for those
vember 24, 1885. who seek Honours in any school takes
place in Trinity Term only, the Lent,
FELLOWSHIPS.
Easter, and Trinity Terms are known as
These are divided into Ordinary and
by-terms. The disadvantages of coming
Official. The yearly value is ;!£"20O
Official Fellows who are Tutors or up in a by-term are connected (i) with
the schools, (2) with College life. Any
Lecturers receiving a further sum of
one intending to take Honours in his
£50 a year, and a payment from the
final school has upwards of three months
Tuition Fund. There are property
less time in which to read before en-
-disqualifications.Official Fellows may
not marry, unless they have previously countering the Greats Examiners. The
obtained leave, which may be granted Collegeboating season begins in October,
under certain circumstances. and he will by coming up in January fall,
so far as boating is concerned unless —
EXPENSES. he —
already a proficient into the suc-
is
Tuition fees, £25 4^. per annum for ceeding batch of freshmen. And he
three years. The annual payment for will have much less chance of making
College dues, servants, and establish- friends among those of his own year
ment charges, not including gratuities than if he had been thrown with them
to the bedmaker, is about £1^] to ;^20. when they were all fresh together.
The average annual rent for rooms is
£11. The degree fees are, B.A. Cabs. — Oxford is well provided with
£^ I5i-. 6^., M.A. 3^8 OS. 6d, cabs, both four-wheel and ordinary and
circular-fronted hansoms, the latter pat-
COLOURS.
The College Eight wear a black tern being the most common. There
straw hat with yellow ribbon, black are stands in the High Street, close to
coat trimmed with yellow, and white All Saints' Church and Queen's Col-
jersey with black stripes, edged with lege ; in Broad Street, opposite Trinity
yellow. The ordinary uniform is a College ; in St. Aldate's ; at the Can-
blue coat, with the College arms on terbury Gate of Christ Church ; and in
the breast. St. Giles', by the Martyrs' Memorial
and St. Giles' Church.
Bulldogs.—The Proctors' servants
are thus designated. — {See Police,
Cab Fares, Distance.
Not exceeding a mile and a quar-
s. d.
University.)
one person ...
ter, i o
Burdett - Coutts Scholar - For every additional person ...06
ships. — For
these Scholarships, two For each succeeding half-mile ...06
in number, which are of the annual For every additional person ...06
value of about £88 each, and tenable For every fifteen minutes' detention o 6
for two years, one scholar is elected Persons hiring by distance may return
each Hilary Term from candidates who to the place of hiring, or any portion of
have passed all necessary Examinations the distance, on payment of one-half the
for the degree of B.A., and have not proper fare.
25 CAB— CHA,
Time. s. d. and administers to the Chancellor on
One or two persons, one hour ... 2 6 his admission an oath of fidelity to the
For every additional person ...06 duties of his position.
For every additional fifteen minutes o 6 The Chancellor is the Head of
For every additional person ...03 the University; he is also commoa
guardian with the City Mayor of the
If a carriage be hired by time, and the Borough or City of Oxford and its.
driver cannot return to the nearest cab- suburbs, and he can, with the consent
stand within the hour, half-hour, or such of the LTniversity, frame laws to have
other time for which he shall receive obligatory force on the townsmen also.
payment, he shall in such case be en- As regards the University his duties
titled to charge one-half the proper fare are to act as its representative in all
for so much time as may be necessary contracts, etc., concerning it; to pre-
to enable him to return to the nearest side over the Congregation ; to admit
cab-stand. to the degrees of the University; to
hear and determine all controversies
Carfax. —The point of junction of respecting causes civil, criminal, or
Cornmarket Street, Queen Street, St. spiritual which are determinable within
Aldate's, and High Street, is known as the University, and which concern
Carfax. Here, at the end of the six- scholars or privileged persons whether
teenth century, was built by Otho on both sides or on one side only ; to
Nicholson a conduit to supply the city nominate his Commissary-General, or
with water. In 1787 this was removed Vice-Chancellor (who actually performs
and was presented by the University most of the functions assigned to the
to George Simon, Earl Harcourt. It Chancellor) ; to choose the High
now stands in Nuneham Courteney Steward and the Deputy High Steward
Park, near what is known as White- of the University, as, often as their
head's Oak. offices become vacant, and one of the
Clerks of the Market each year.
Celtic, Tlie Jesus Professor He is to take security every year, in
of, is to lecture and give instruction lieu of an oath formerly required, from
on the Celtic Languages, Literature, and the Sheriff and Under- Sheriff of Ox-
Antiquities. His emolument is a yearly fordshire.
sum of ;^200 from the University Chest, He person of his Vice-Chan-
(in the
in addition to an annual sum of ;^400 hold the Court of the Uni-
cellor) is to
from Jesus College, the governing body versity on law-days (once a week), to
of which may also, if they think fit, punish offenders against the Statutes of
elect him to a non-official Fellowship, the University with ** corporal chastise-
the stipend of which he may receive in ment," money fines (payable into the
addition to his payments as Professor. University Chest), imprisonment, de-
The Principal of Jesus College is gradation, suspension from degrees,-
always a member of the board of discommoning, banishment or expul-
electors to the office. The Professor sion from the University, censures eccle-
is John Rhys, M.A., Fellow of Jesus. siastical, or in any other reasonable
manner to punish at his discretion
Chancellor.—The Chancellor is either in Court or out of Court all
elected by the House of Convocation. offences against which no provision has
The office is held for life, and no been made by any special Statute, or
stipend is attached to it. While the for which no punishment has been
office is vacant all its functions and enacted by the Statutes.
authority devolve upon the Vice- His formal sanction to the passing or
Chancellor, who conducts the election abrogation of Statutes is required, and
CHA— CHE 26
also to the appointment of the Heads Chemistry, The Waynflete
of Colleges. Professor of, lectures and gives
He is the licensing authority within instruction in Theoretical and Practical
the precincts of the University for the Chemistry. His emoluments are an
sale of wines, etc., and has also absolute annual sum (in addition to a Fellow-
control of all theatrical performances ship) of £^00 from Magdalen College,
in the town and district. the Visitor and President of which
The present Chancellor is the Marquis are always members of the board of
of Salisbury, elected 1869. electors to the office. The Professor
is William Odling, M.A., Fellow of
Chancellor's Prizes, The.— Worcester.
These are three in number, each of the
value of ;^20, and are offered to com-
petition in (a) Latin Verse, open to
Chess. —The University Chess Club,
open to all members of the University,
members of the University who have meets on Tuesday and Friday evenings
not exceeded four years from matricula- during term time, at 7.30 p.m., at 49,
tion {d) Latin Essay ; and {c) English
;
Cornmarket Street. The entrance fee is
Essay. Competitors for the two latter
55-., and the terminal subscription the
must have exceeded four years, and not same. Payment of subscriptions during
have completed seven years from three years qualifies for life membership.
matriculation. The prizes are awarded
These payments may also be com-
•every Trinity Term.
pounded for by one initial deposit.
Present Secretary of the Club, Mr.
Charsley's HaU.— Situated in the
Parks Road, immediately south of Keble R. W. Barnett, Wadham College.
College. Licensed Master, William The Inter-University matches were
Henry Charsley, M.A. This is the played on March 26, 1885, at the St.
senior of the Private Halls now exist-
George's Chess Club, London, the
official score being as follows
ing in Oxford [see Private Halls). :
total 6>^.
the academic year, the unexhausted
dues are returned. The score of the matches since 1873,
the year of their institution, shows that
Chemistry, Dr. laee's Beader Cambridge has won nine (82 j^ games),
in. —
Except as regards the subject and Oxford three (62^ games), that of
matter of the lectures, the duties and 1883 having resulted in a draw.
emoluments of this office are identical
with those attached to the Readership Chest (University).— The an-
in Anatomy {which see). The Reader nual income of the University falls into
is Augustus George Vernon Harcourt, two main heads, according as it is re-
M.A., student of Christ Church. ceived from external or internal sources.
27 CHE—CHR
Under the head there is paid into
first have been instituted for special purposes
the Chest annually, from rents and by benefactors, and from which various
profits of estates about £12,000, from Professorships and Scholarships are paid*
dividends on stocks upwards of ;!^2,ooo, {Seealso Common University Fund.)
and from the Oxford Market and Wine
licenses a sum varying from ;^6oo to
Chinese, Professor of. In —
From internal sources the 1876 James Legge, LL.D., was created
£800.
Professor of Chinese Language and
University receives Matriculation fees
Literature for his life, receiving £\0(y
to the amount of nearly ;^2,ooo, for
a year from the University Chest (the
Degree fees upwards of ^8,000, as
emoluments of a Fellowship of Christ
University dues upwards of ;!f 10,000,
Church College) and the annual interest
and from fines and miscellaneous fees
of a sum of ^3,000 subscribed by pro-
about ;^5oo per annum, besides pay-
moters of the btudy of Chinese. He is^
ments of from ^1,000 to ;^2,ooo from
required to reside for six months in
the University Press, the annual receipts
the University between October 10 and
thus amounting to from ^£37,000 to
;£"38,ooo.
July I in each academical year. He
is to be ready to give instruction in
The expenditure from the Chest
Chinese Language and Literature ta
includes stipends to University officers
about if 3, 500, to Professors about
members of the University, subject ta
such regulations as the University may
£5,000, Examiners nearly ;(f4,000,
Preachers about £200. On institutions
make from time to time respecting the
and public buildings jif 9,000 or;!^io,ooo
number and time of lectures, the mode
of teaching, and the examination of
a year is expended, and upwards of
pupils.
;^2,200 on the Oxford Joint Police and
the University Police together. On ChoragUS.—This officer, who is
estates about £4,000, miscellaneous to ** attend in the School of Music to
nearly ;!^3,ooo, and extraordinary give instruction to students," receives-
expenses varying in different years, ;!^I3 6j-. %d. per annum from Dr.
according to the amount of building, Heather's endowment. He also shares
purchases of estates, etc., undertaken the fees paid by students with the
by the University, to meet which sales Coryphaeus or Precentor. He plays
of stock are occasionally made. The the organ in St. Mary's, and instructs
receipts above mentioned do not of the choir employed there. The Choragus
course include the moneys received by is Charles Hubert Hastings Parry,.
the University from trust funds which D.Mus., Exeter.
CHRIST CHURCH.
Christ Church, the Oxford Colleges, but known as
largest of all the
**The House," was founded by Cardinal Wolsey in 1525, and was originally
intended to be called Cardinal's College. On the fall of Wolsey the
College was seized, and the foundation suspended by King Henry VII I.,,
who re-established it in 1532. In 1546 the see of Oxford was removed
from Osney, and the church of St. Frideswide, in connection with the
College, became the Cathedral, and to the whole was given the name
Christ Church. The principal entrance is in Aldate Street, under the
gateway of the tower in which hangs the bell known as Great Tom. The
tower was part of Wolsey's design, but was left unfinished by him, and
was completed by Sir Christopher Wren in 1682. "Tom" originally
came from Osney Abbey, and has been more than once re-cast. He is
;
CHR-CHR 28
one of the largest bells in England, and weighs 17,000 lbs. Every night
at closing time, five minutes past nine, Tom
tolls loi times, that having
been the original number of the students.
The great quadrangle is generally known as Tom Quad, and is
of imposing dimensions, although the effect is a little Should
bare.
the contemplated cloisters (part of the original design) ever be built,
the effect of the quad will be greatly enhanced. In the north-east
<:orner are the Dean's apartments, and, in the south-east, a gateway,
under a statue of Wolsey, in the tower leads to a staircase with
—
a beautiful fan roof springing from a single pillar a noticeable archi-
tectural triumph, even in a city so rich in such matters as Oxford.
This staircase leads to the Hall, the finest refectory in Oxford, and
perhaps in the world. It has a grandly-carved oak roof, with pendants,
etc., and at the upper end two splendid bay windows, somewhat similar
in character to those at Hampton Court Palace. The walls are adorned
with a number of interesting portraits by Holbein, Zucchero, Lely, Law-
rence, Janssen, Hoppner, Van Dyck, Kneller, Hogarth, Reynolds, Gains-
borough, and other masters. All the pictures bear labels with the names
of the originals and of the painters. The Hall was used on the occasions
of several royal visits for theatrical performances, and in it King Charles I.
held a parliament. At the bottom of the Hall stairs is the great kitchen,
which is said to be the oldest part of the building.
Nearly opposite the principal entrance to Tom Quad is the entrance
to the Cathedral, which is also the Chapel of the College. It was founded
on the remains of the church of the Convent of St. Frideswide, a more or
less mythical heroine of the middle of the eighth century. It was conse-
crated in 1 180. The tower contained ten bells from Osney Abbey, which,
in consequence of some doubts as to the safety of the Cathedral spire,
now hang in the tower over the Hall. It is said by Warton that Dr.
Johnson was moved to very Johnsonian wrath on viewing some of the
Osney remains which had been moved to Christ Church. The verger
will be found in the Cathedral from 11 to i and from 2.30 to 4.30, except
on Sunday, and at other times at Meadow Gate. No fees are permitted.
The Cathedral consists of choir, nave, aisles, and transepts, and is gene-
rally Norman in character. The roof of the choir, with its elaborate fan
tracery and groining, which is particularly noticeable the oak pulpit ;;
the carved wood and iron-work in the choir, and its inlaid pavements
together with its new bishop's throne of carved walnut with a medallion
portrait of the late Bishop Wilberforce are all well worth careful inspec-
;
tion. There are a few brasses in the Church, one in the north-west dated
1602, one in the south-east with the date 1587. North of the choir are
two aisles, the first the Lady or Latin Chapel, and the second the Dean's
or St. Frideswide's Chapel. The Latin Chapel was built 1346 by Lady
Montacute, the donor to the College of Christ Church Meadows. Her
tomb is between the two chapels to the eastward. On it reposes a full-
length figure of the lady, the costume, especially the head-dress, being
very interesting. In niches around the tomb are figures of her children.
I^ext to Lady Montacute, and to the westward, is the tomb of Prior
29 CHR— CHR
Guymand, said to be of the middle of the twelfth century, with effigy of
the prior under a highly ornamented canopy. Further still to the west-
ward is the tomb of Sir George Nowers, who died in 1425. The figure of
Sir George is clothed in armour. At the foot of this tomb is the tablet to
the memory of Burton, the author of the '' Anatomy of Melancholy." The
inscription, written by himself, says :
illuminated lectionary for the use of Wolsey, said to be the last in this
style executed in England. On the right, leaving the Library, is Canter-
bury Quad, in which noble Undergraduates are usually quartered, and
where a large gateway in the Classic style leads to Oriel, Corpus, and
Merton. The new buildings of Christ Church are in the south, facing the
meadows and the river.
The distinguished members of the" House" have been very numerous,
and representative of many diverse walks in life, as the names of the
Duke of Wellington Sir Robert Peel Sir Phihp Sydney John Locke ,
; ;
;
William Penn John and Charles Wesley Otway, author of " Venice
; ;
Preserved ;" Ben Jonson Dr. South and John Ruskin will attest.
; ; ;
I CHR— CHR
Richard Shute, M.A. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
Robert Edward Baynes, M.A.
Rev. William Warner, M.A. Three scholars are elected each year
Rev. William Henry Payne Smith, from Westminster School. The Scholar-
M.A. ships are of the annual value of £80
John Alexander Stewart, M.A. each, and are tenable for two years,
John Henry Onions, M.A. which term may be extended for three
Rev. Robert Lawrence Ottley,
M.A. years more. Five Open Scholarships
Arthur Herbert Dyke Acland, M.A. are awarded every year, one at least for
F. York- Powell, M.A. proficiency in Mathematics, and one at
Arthur Hassall, M.A. least in Natural Science. The annual
Rev. Henry Bernard Hodgson, M.A. value of these is £Zo each, and the
Sidney James Owen, M.A. period of tenure two years, which may
WiNFRID Oldfield Burrows, B.A. be extended for a further term of two
Richard Edmund Mitcheson, B.A. years, and for yet another of one year.
Honorary Students. Two Scholarships of the annual value
Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.A. of ;^8o each are awarded each year
John Ruskin, M.A. among Undergraduate members of the
Rev. Sir F. A. G. Ouseley, Bart.,
M.A., D.Mus.
House who have been in residence for
Sir Henry Wentworth Acland, at least three terms. These are tenable
K.C.B., D.M. until the end of the sixteenth term after
Lord Carlingford, M.A. matriculation, a period which, under
Earl of Selborne, M.A. certain circumstances, may be extended
Charles Brodrick Scott, D.D., for another year. The Governing Body
Cambridge. may award to any selected candidate
Right Hon. Sir J. R. Mowbray, Bart. for the Indian Civil Service a Scholar-
M.A. ship of the value of £^0 a year, such
Right Rev. William Stubbs, D.D. Scholarships never to exceed six at one
Samuel Rawson Gardiner, M.A. time. There are also Open Exhibitions
Steward. of 3^45 a year each, in addition to
Arthur Herbert Dyke Acland, M.A, tuitionand dinner free, which may be
ADMISSION. competed for by candidates who can
The Examination takes place twice a satisfy the Dean that they cannot
year, on the Thursday and Friday maintain themselves at College without
following the loth of October, and in assistance. These are tenable for two
the third week before Commemoration. years, a term which can be extended
The subjects are Greek and Latin, the as in the case of the Open Scholarships.
candidate being left very much to his The four Fell Exhibitions, tenable for
own choice of authors ; Latin prose com- four years of continuous residence, and
position ; Latin and Greek Grammar ; of the value of £\o a year each, are
Arithmetic ; and the first two books of open to competition among commoners
Euclid, or Algebra to Simple Equations, of the House who have resided not less
the former being preferred. The than three terms. The Slade Exhibi-
entrance fee, except for College Exhi- tion of £2P for one year, is open to any
bitioners who are exempt from it, is one not yet matriculated. The three
^5. Scholars and Exhibitioners pay Holford Exhibitions are worth £6q a
£\2 los. Caution money, returnable on year each, tenable for five years, and
removal of the name from the College are offered preferentially to candidates
books, and commoners £2^^ half re- from Charterhouse School. There are
turnable on taking the B.A. degree, also eighteen Careswell Exhibitions open,
and the balance when the name is taken to candidates from Shrewsbury and
off the books. certain other schools in Salop.
. .
CHR-CHU 32
FELLOWSHIPS. St. Mary the Virgin, the Uni-
Under the Statutes of 1882, there is at versity church in the High Street, isy
Christ Church a body of students, equi- with curious twisted pillars, elaborately-
valent to Fellows, who are divided into decorated fa9ade, and beautiful spire,,
two classes. The non-official students one of the most prominent buildings in
are elected after Examination, of which the city. It was built under the super-
at least thirty days' notice must be given intendence of Adam de Brome, almoner
by the Dean. They are tenable for to Eleanor of Castile, whose tomb is in
seven years and are worth £200 a year. the north chantry. On the south wall,
The official students are chosen from the under the tower, is a brass, apparently
non-official list, and hold their positions to Edmund Croft on, 1507, and over the
for fifteen years, renewable under certain door are some very curious carvings.
conditions for successive periods of not The chancel and nave are separated by
more than ten years. The yearly stipend an organ-screen and loft. The Lenten
of an official student is ;^200, £100 out University Sermon and Bampton
of the Corporate Revenue, and a con- Lectures are delivered here. In the
tribution from the Tuition Fund. Under south part of the nave is a brass
certain circumstances an official student inscription to William Tillyard, 1587,
who has held his Studentship for seven Peter Pory, 1 6 10, and Elizabeth their
years may marry without vacating his wife, 1 62 1. The stained glass on the
Studentship, and if he marry prior to the south side of the nave is exceedingly
expiration of the seven years, and so va- good. By the reading-desk in the
cate his Studentship, he maybe re-elected chancel, covered by a mat, is a marble
EXPENSES. slab let into the pavement, bearing the
An annual tuition fee of £2\ is pay- following inscription ** In a vault of
:
able by every resident member until the brick, at the upper end of this quire,
end of the sixteenth term from matricu- was buried Amy Robsart, wife of Lord
lation so long as he is reading for a Robert Dudley, K.G., on Sunday, 22nd
University Examination. The College September, a.d. 1560."
charges amount annually to £\<^iox resi- St. Aldate's is dedicated to a
dents in College, and £^ for residents out British Saint, who lived about 450,
of College. The rent of rooms varies and is supposed to have been originally
from about;^ i o to £20^ annually. Degree founded by the Britons. Speed
fees, B.A. and M.A., are £3 3^. each. says it was founded or restored about
COLOURS. 1004. It subsequently belonged to the
The uniform is a blue coat with a Priory of St. Frideswide, and to the
cardinal's hat on the breast, the same Abbey of Abingdon. The present
upon a blue hat-ribbon, or in the case of building is of various dates and styles.
the Eight, a blue and white hat-ribbon, —
The oldest remains an arcade of five
and white jersey striped with blue. small circular-headed arches, apparentl)*
Clmrclies. — It is natural that in —
of Norman work were removed at the
a city so intimately connected with enlargement in 1862 from the chancel
our ecclesiastical history as is Oxford, to the east end of the north chancel
the number of its churches should be aisle. A recess in the north wall of the
considerable, and that some of them at chancel, with a flat pointed arch of later
least should be of more than passing date, probably once used as an Easter
interest. Of these the most important sepulchre, now contains a good alabaster
is the Cathedral {see Christ Church). altar tomb to the memory of John Noble,
The various College Chapels will also Principal of Broadgates Hall (the origi-
be found described in their proper nal of Pembroke College), who died
places, and, of the churches in the 1522. The north aisle, originally called
city, the following will be found in- St. Saviour's Chapel, was built in
teresting to sightseers :
3 CHU-CIV
1455 ^y Philip Pol ton, Archdeacon of and Asserter of the Church of England,
Gloucester. The south aisle was built Dr. William Lavd, Arch-Bpp. of Cant."
early in the reign of Edward III. by Under the west window by the organ is
Sir John de Docklington, several times a finely-carved old oak-chest, called The
Mayor of Oxford, and in its original Jewel Chest, formerly used as a recep-
state must have been a fine specimen of tacle for the old Catholic communion
decorated work. The old tower and plate.
spire were of about the same date, but St. Michael, in Cornmarket Street,
being in a dangerous state were taken was restored by Mr. Street in 1855, and
down and rebuilt 1873-74. Anumber has a coloured marble altar-piece, his
of brasses are in the church, but, as is gift. In the lady- chapel on the north is
unfortunately the case in too many of an elaborately-painted brass with kneel-
the Oxford churches, the interior is so ing figures of Alderman Randolphus
dark as to preclude the possibility of Flexney, and Catarina his wife, who
deciphering the inscriptions. The church died respectively in 1578 and 1567 ;
possesses a fine old carved font, sup- close to which will be found an extra-
ported at the foot by carved monsters. ordinary stone carving of a man, a
Hearne states that it was the custom for woman, and a skeleton. Here also is
the people of this parish to eat sugar a brass, ^'Joannis Pendarve?," 161 7, and
sops out of the font on Holy Thursday. a stone with an incised portrait, dated
St. Mary MAGDALEN,bet ween Balliol 1603, of Walter Dotyn.
and Cornmarket Street, is a very ancient St. Peter's-in-the-East, by St.
church, the original edifice dating from Edmund Hall, the back of which runs
before the Conquest, but has been re- along the churchyard, is a very ancient
built, repaired, and restored from time church, dating probably from the twelfth
to time down to 1875, when the tower century. The crypt, sometimes called
arch was opened up. It has a Perpen- Grymbald's, with its rows of squat co-
dicular battlemented tower, partly built lumns, is probably the oldest part of the
from materials taken from Osney Abbey, building. A
door is here pointed out, in
on the Cornmarket side of which will be connection with which is a Fair Rosa-
observed in a niche a small cunningly- mond legend The south door, which is
.
wrought stone effigy of St. Mary. The a unique specimen of Norman work, and
north, or martyr's aisle, was added by the groined roof of the chancel with its
Sir Gilbert Scott in 1841. Here is the appropriate chain ornaments, should be
old oak door, surmounted by carvings of noted. The Petworth marble tomb to
Ridley, Latimer, and Cranmer, which the memory of Sir R. Atkinson, 1574,
formerly stood in the old city gaol, the four times Mayor of Oxford, is in the
Bocardo, at the entrance to the cell in choir-room ; but, as it is covered with a
which the martyrs were confined. On deal bookcase, it is quite impossible to
the wall facing the old font are one or say more of it. On the right of the en-
two old brasses one to Jane Fitzherbert,
:
trance to the crypt is a small but fine
1574; another, with a kneeling figure, to window.
General Smithers, 1580. Against the
west wall of the south aisle is a slab Civil Service of India.—
(1735) to the memory of Francis Seely, Persons admitted at the Entrance Ex-
late of the University of Oxford, Barber amination for the Civil Service of India,
and Periwig Maker, *' who, in the rela- being bound to spend the two years
tion of a husband, a father, or a friend, succeeding their admission at some
was equalled by few, excelled by none." recognised place of study, not un-
A slab in the vestry records in peculiar frequently become members of the
language the virtues of Mrs. Elizabeth University of Oxford, entering their
Bay lie, "niece to yt glorious Martyr names at some College (Balliol being
C
CIV— CLU 34
that most usually selected). No Uni- their constitution. The larger University
versity Examinations are necessarily Clubs, existing only for the encourage-
passed, but it is usual for those attached ment of various forms of exercise, such
to Colleges to go in for Moderations, as the Boat Club, the Athletic Club,
after passing which, if the College the Cricket and Football Clubs, and
certifies that the student is likely to the Gymnasium, are open uncondition-
take high Honours in a Final School, ally to all members of the University
an extra year's residence may be per- on payment of the usual subscription.
mitted by the India Office to enable In the less general, such as the Racquet,
him to take his degree. The lectures Tennis, Lawn Tennis, and Bicycle
of the Readers in Indian Law and Clubs, there is the slight formality
History, and of the Sanskrit Pro- preliminary to admission of being nomi-
fessor and teachers in Eastern languages, nated by some member of the body
have to be attended, and Oriental and proposed for election in committee.
languages may be offered instead of The same is the case with social or
Latin and Greek for Moderations. semi-social Clubs, such as the Union
Special Junior Studentships have been or the Chess Club or the Musical Club,
offered at Christ Church to Indian which are practically open to all who
civilian students. have matriculated, on introduction by
friends who are already members. Can-
Clarendon Bnilding, in Broad didates may of course be excluded by a
Street, behind the Bodleian, was origi- ballot of the whole Club. In the several
nally built for the printing-office of the Colleges the public Clubs are usually
University in 1 713, from the profits of the Boating, Cricket, Football (Rugby
the sale of Lord Clarendon's *' History Union or Association, or both), and
of the Rebellion." It is at present
Lawn Tennis Clubs. Although these
used for various offices by the governing still continue in some Colleges to be
body of the University. The present separate institutions, membership of
printing-office stands to the northward
which is optional, the practice has of
of Worcester College. late years become general of amal-
Clarendon Laboratory, for the gamating them under one corporate
study of Physics, is attached to the management, with special sub-com-
University Museum, and contains, be- mittees to act as an executive in the
sides the requisite laboratories, a respective branches, one subscription
Lecture Theatre, etc. The instruction sufficing for the whole. This subscription
given in the Clarendon Laboratory is will range from £1 to £2 per term, and
divided into {a) the Lecture Course, is in some instances collected by a
which is general and more or less ele- charge in the College Battels. The
mentary in its nature, and consists of more private Clubs open to members
two lectures weekly during Michaelmas of the University are such as Vincent's,
and Hilary Terms, an entrance fee of the numbers of which are limited to a
£1 being required ; and {d) the Labora- hundred, and which, though originally
tory Course for more advanced students, composed of Brasenose and University
and for those going in for Honours in men only, is at present practically open
Physics in the School of Natural to members of all Colleges, provided
Science, the fee for students working they are rendered eligible by some
three days a week being ^3 per term. supposed social or athletic excellences.
The " BulHngdon " is another Club,
^
Clubs.— Oxford Clubs may be di- formerly somewhat renowned in Oxford
vided into University Clubs and College by its cricket, but now chiefly social.
Clubs, and these again into public and The sky-blue and white stripes which
private, according to the conditions of are its distinctive colours are still con-
35 CLU—COL
spicuous in the summer term, but in that of the Debating Societies in that
cricketing reputation its place has been the basis of discussion is usually in the
taken by the Oxford Harlequins (blue, form of a paper or essay prepared by
brown, and red), composed chiefly of one member, upon some subject of
men who have represented their Uni- social or literary interest which some
versity at the wickets. The Polo Club other members of the society are ex-
is another institution necessarily limited pected to be prepared to throw further
to men of more than the usual Under- light on. Of a kindred nature are the
graduate income, and without scruples Shakespeare and other similar Societies
as to spending money on their enjoy- which periodically spring up and flourish
ments. for longer or shorter periods among the
The most noteworthy of the Uni- Undergraduates.
versity Political Clubs are the Canning
and Chatham, Conservative, and the Coaclies. —The customaiy payment
Palmerston and Russell, of the opposite to a Coach, or Private Tutor, for one
persuasion. These have weekly meet- term's reading is ;^io, or for half a term,
ings for the reading and discussion of ^5. This covers three hours' private
papers on social or political subjects, tuition per week for the term of eight
and the Palmerston gives an annual weeks. {See Reading.)
dinner, at which many distinguished
Liberals are usually present to speak Cobden Prize.— This prize, of
to the regulation toasts. There is a the value of £60, is awarded once every
University ''Browning Society." three years, after examination in
Of College social or convivial Clubs, Political Economy. Members of the
which vary much in size and constitution, University who have not exceeded
the most celebrated is the Phoenix, of twenty-eight terms from matriculation
Brasenose, which dines at a separate are entitled to compete. The next award
table in Hall weekly during the October will be in 1886, and the subject chosen
and Lent Terms. The numbers are is the following " Political Economy
:
strictly limited. The Octagon Club in and Socialism What is the Teaching of
:
might be. In some Colleges leave to The promenade in question is losing its
go down is to be then formally prayed prestige, and showing signs of the de-
for in Latin. Of late years, following cadence and vulgarisation which seem
the example of Balliol, the languid to be the inevitable fate of such institu-
Examination above referred to has been tions.
developed into an instrument of prac- On the Monday the high revels begin.
tical utility in testing the progress and In the afternoon of this and the two
directing the course of reading of the following days there will be a varied
Undergraduates, who are required, ac- choice of entertainments. There is the
cording to their length of residence, to river, with the supplementary attrac-
present themselves for examination in tions of Bagley Wood and Nuneham.
certain portions of the work they have There are the annual institutions of
to get through for their particular the Flower Show of the Oxford Horti-
school. In some Colleges, prizes are cultural Society, and the Masonic Fete,
given for excellence evidenced in these held in the gardens of Worcester, Wad-
periodical Examinations. Where they ham, or St. John's. There are concerts
have been so extended they are usually in the Theatre by the Philharmonic or
not held every term. Choral Societies, and, failing attendance
at these, there are usually private parties
—
Colleges. The following is a list in abundance for those who have friends
of the Oxford Colleges in the generally among residents or Heads of Houses.
accepted order of their Foundation. In the evening of Monday, at 7 p.m.,
Full particulars of each College will be takes place the annual Procession of
found under the distinctive headings. Boats, in which the head boat of the
University, Merton, Balliol, Ex- river takes its place opposite the Uni-
eter, Oriel, Queen's, Nev^, Lin- versity Barge, and is saluted by and
coln, All Souls', Magdalen, salutes, by tossing of oars, the other boats,
Brasenose, Corpus Christi, Christ as they row past it with flags in their
Church, Trinity, St. John's, Jesus, bows and their crews girt with enormous
Wadham, Pembroke, Worcester, scarves of their College colours. The
Keble, Hertford. performance is not considered complete
without the upsetting of one or more of
Commemoration, or the Encae- the lower boats, organised ad hoc.
nia, is perhaps the feature of Oxford life In the evenings of Monday, Tuesday,
by which it is best known to strangers. and Thursday usually take place the
37 GOV!— COM
Christ Church, Masonic, and Uni- Poetry or the Public Orator, in turns
versity Balls respectively, generally year by year, and the recitation of por-
held in the Corn Exchange, of which tions of the University Prize Compo-
the second isthe most popular. sitions, of which the Newdigate English
On Wednesday occurs the great Verse is the most interesting. All who
central ceremony of Commemoration of ascend the rostrum become the butts of
founders and benefactors. The humours kindly satire of a stereotyped kind.
of the scene are more or less familiar to At the close of the last recitation the
all. The gates of the Theatre are Vice - Chancellor dissolves the Con-
opened at 11.30, the Undergraduates vocation, and the variegated crowd
throng the upper gallery, for which streams out into the sunshine of the
a certain number of gentlemen's and Broad and through the archways and
ladies' tickets are issued to the autho- quadrangles of the Old Schools build-
rities of each College for distribution ings. The afternoon is spent either
among applicants. The lower gallery in leave-takings of Oxford or in further
is filled by the holders of square attendance at gatherings in College
tickets (Undergraduates being put off gardens ; but the great event of Com-
with a triangular one) issued to Gradu- memoration is over.
ates only. The "pit" is filled with
B.As. ani M. As, who are condemned
, Common Room.. — The Senior
to stand throughout the performance. Common Room is an institutionof
During the hour intervening between every College ; the Junior Common
admission and the commencement of Room of but a few.
the proceedings, musical selections are The first is the common room of the
played by the organist, and the Under- Fellows and Tutors of the College.
graduate world lets loose its satire upon Here they meet before Hall, and take
the Proctors, the seniors herded in the wine and dessert with their guests after
pit, and the Doctors told off to hand the dinner ; here they hold meetings to
ladies to their seats, and shows its gal- discuss questions of College economy
lant appreciation of the charms of the and discipline ; and here will the ordeal
lady visitors. At the end of this period be undergone by offending Under-
the Vice-Chancellor enters in solemn graduates of being * * called before the
procession, accompanied by the Heads College." It is a Club-room and a
of Houses, and takes his seat upon the Court of Star Chamber, and its periodi-
central throne. Then the personages cal literature ranges from Punch to the
whom the University upon this occasion Porters' Lists.
delights to honour with a D.C. L. degree, The Junior Common Room, in those
are ushered in, and one by one pre- Colleges where it exists, is a club-room
sented by the Public Orator, each with a for Undergraduates. Here their College
short appropriate speech, to the Vice- meetings will be held ; here in some
Chancellor, who projDoses to the Con- cases they may breakfast, and lunch,
vocation that the degree shall be granted and drink wine after dinner. In other
them in a formula which it is the peren- Colleges the room is more strictly a
nial delight of the gallery to catch up reading-room, with a grocery and wine-
and repeat with him, and on the pro- dealing establishment attached, from
posal being carried nem. con., the per- which such articles as are given in the
sonage is admitted ad gradtwi Doctoris tariff below may be obtained. Sub-
in Jure Civili, honoris causd, and set scription to a Junior Common Room is
on the right hand or the left of the a voluntary affair. The institution is
Vice-Chancellor. The subsequent pro- usually under the management of a
ceedings consist of the delivery of the Committee of Undergraduates elected
Creweian Oration by the Professor of by the members.
COM-COM 38
Below a table typical of the prices
is University Chest ; and so soon as the
charged at a Junior College Room or revenues of the University shall in the
College Store : judgment of Convocation be sufficient,
s. d. s. d. the total amount to be annually carried
Tea, per pot o 3 too 9 to the credit of the Fund shall be raised
Coffee, ,, o 2^ o 9 to a sum not less than ;^5,ooo. The
Milk o o^ o I purpose to which payments may be
Cream 02 03 made from this Fund include the '* en-
Chocolate 06 10 dowment of research," the provision of
Muffins, Crumpets ...02 — pensions for Professors and
Tea Cakes 03 — retiring
I
COM—COR
Kitchen {con tim'ied). Congregation. — [See Govern-
s. d! s. d.
ing Body. In addition to the modern
)
Haddock o 6 to o 9 Congregation, the duties of which in
Kippered Herrings ... o 2i,. o 6
regard to the government of the Uni-
Steak o 9 M I 3
Chop o o 8 versity are set forth in 17 and 18 Vic,
... 7 n
Cutlets o o cap. 81, there is the Congregation of
4 .1 9
Sausages o 4 M o 8 Regents {see Regent), the Ancient
Kidneys and Bacon ... o 7 M I o House of Congregation, for the granting
Omelette o 6 „ I o of degrees, and ratifying the nomina-
Buttered Eggs o 9 M I o tions of Examiners. The members of
Ham and Eggs o 9 .» I o this House are Doctors of Faculties,
Poached Eggs o 6 __
Masters of Arts, Heads of Colleges
Half Fowl I 6 ,, 2 o
and Halls, Professors, Censors of Non-
Cold Meats, Pies, Col-
Collegiate Students, Masters of the
lared Head, etc.
Half Commons o 6 „ O 8 Schools, Deans of Colleges, etc.
Whole Commons ... o lO ,, I o
Soups (various) o 6 „ b 9
Pigeon Pie (commons) I o I 6
Pastry o 4
,,
o 6
Conington Prize, The, of the
M value of about ;^I20, is offered once in
Pudding o 4 »» o 6
Cold Game (according every three years for a dissertation either
to market prices). in English or in Latin, at the option of
Watercress, Celery etc. o 2 o the competitor, on some subject belong-
,
,, 3
ing to classical learning. It is open to
Buttery.
all members of the University who have
Bread, per commons... o I .. o i^
Butter... o I o passed the Examination for the degree
M il
Cheese— Cheddar o ... T M o iJ of B.A., and have completed six,
Stilton o I .f o 2 and not exceeded fifteen, years from
Milk o oi ,. o I matriculation.
—
Ale Common per pint o 2 ,, o 3
College ... o 3 .. o 4
Strong ... o _
Stout o
4
4 __ Convocation. —{See Governing
Burton Ale ... ,, o 4 -- Body.) -
Rev. Charles Trimmer, M.A. moval of the name from the College
Arthur Martin, M.A. books. No Caution money is required
John William Oddie, M.A, from scholars.
Robert Laing, M.A.
Henry de Burgh Hollings, M.A., SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
B.C.L.
Edmund Robertson, M.A. The Scholarships are about thirty in
William Little, M.A. number, each of the annual value of
—
41 COR—CRI
;zJ'8o, and tenable, under certain con- Bachelor in full academical costume
ditions, for four or five years from wears a black silk hood, edged with
matriculation. Of these six are usually- white rabbit-skin. A Master of Arts
awarded annually, four for Classics, one wears a gown with square-ended sleeves
for Mathematics, and one for Natural of a peculiar cut, and a black silk hood
Sciences. There are also certain Ex- lined with crimson. The dress gown
hibitions to be competed for yearly by of a Doctor of Divinity is perhaps the
commoners of the College. most handsome of any, being of scarlet
cloth, with round sleeves of black
FELLOWSHIPS. velvet, the hood black and scarlet also
There are at present fourteen Fellow- a splendid sight at the University Sermon
ships, two of them professorial. The or at a Convocation in the Theatre.
proceeds of one Fellowship are added The Proctor's gown is of rigid black
to the stipend of the present Professor material, with full black velvet sleeves
of Chinese. The income of a Tutor, in and facings of the same, and a large
addition to his stipend as a Fellow, is hood of ermine. The above are the
£150 from the Corporate Revenue and costumes likely to be met with on
a sum not exceeding ;!^45o from the ordinary occasions. The less frequent
Tuition Fund ; and that of an Assistant birds have more delicate plumage ; the
Tutor, a Fellowship, with an additional Bachelor of Music a hood of lilac silk
stipend. Under certain conditions and white fur, the Bachelor of Civil
Official Fellows are permitted to marry. Law light blue silk, the Bachelor oi
Medicine dark blue silk with the same.
EXPENSES.
The Doctor of Civil Law has sleeves of
The tuition fee is £2.'] annually for
crimson, the Doctor of Medicine sleeves
three years, and the College establish-
of roseate silk, while the Doctor of
ment charges amount for residents in Music is all glorious within and without
College tO;,^i3 lOi-., and for residents
in white and crimson damask silk and
out of College to £'] \os. per annum. What kind of gown
broidered satin.
Room rent ixoT£i£\o to £16 per annum. the Chancellor wears, or should wear,
Degree fees,M.A. £\^ B.A. ioj. tailors may tell. At the University he
COLOURS. is but seldom seen, so that his magnifi-
Blue and crimson. The Eight and cence can hardly be claimed as academic.
Torpid wear a cap with broad circular Academical dress has to be worn at all
stripes of these colours, and zephyr lectures and ceremonies of the Uni-
jersey trimmed with the same. versity, and by Undergraduates in the
mornings and after dusk.
Costume, Academical.— Uni-
versity costumes increase in beauty as Craven Scholarships, The.—
they decrease in frequency. The Com- Six in number, tenable for three years,
moner's gown is a hideous square frag- and of the annual value of £80 a year
ment of bombazine with a flapping each. Two scholars are elected every
collar, two slits at the edges for arm- Trinity Term, after an Examination in
holes, and two loose strips representing Greek and Latin Scholarship, from
what once were sleeves. The Scholar's candidates who have passed the Second
gown is a vast improvement, its full Public Examination, and who have not
circular sleeves and more ample skirts exceeded the twenty-fourth term from
rendering it a really becoming costume, matriculation.
and a very serviceable protection on a
rainy evening. The Bachelor's gown Cricket.— The University Cricket
resembles it, save that the sleeves are Ground, opened in the Parks in 1881,
longer and sharply pointed. The is now one of the finest in England,
— ..
CRI—ORI 42
and University batting has shown a OXFORD UNIVERSITY.
marked improvement since the Club T. R. Hine-Haycock, c Boyle, b Spofforth o
migrated from its former swampy
M.C.Kemp, runout 13
A. R. Cobb, b Palmer o
habitat at the Magdalen Ground on the J. H. Brain, c Giffen, b Spofforth . . 8
Cowley Road. Nets for practice are T. C. O'Brien, b Boyle .. .. ..92
set up to the west of the present ground, H. V. Page, b Palmer 33
A. G. Grant-Asher, run out . . . . 2
and professional bowlers are in attend- K. J. Key, b Scott 30
ance. A favourite practice ground for B. E. Nicholls, not out .. .. ..16
''irregular" players is at the "White H. O. Whitby, c Bonnor,, b Boyle . . 10
E. W. Bastard, b Palmer o
House," beyond Folly Bridge. The B3,lb2 5
grounds of the College Cricket Clubs are
situated, with a few exceptions, at Total 209
—
Cowley Marsh reached by the trams In the second innings T. R. Hine-Haycock
scored (not out) 25, M. C. Kemp ('not out) 63,
or on the Cowley Road. Merton College
A. R. Cobb (c sub, b Boyle) 6, T. C. O'Brien
has the field lying behind Wadham (b Spofforth) 13, H. V. Page (c Palmer, b
Gardens for its cricketing quarters. —
Boyle) I ; b 1, 1 b i total no.
Christ Church occupies a fine ground be- Oxford thus winning by seven
tween the Iffley Road and the Cherwell, wickets.
next to the Running Ground, which is
used for those University matches (such Oxford v. Cambridge,
as that against the Australians) at which
June 29, 30, and July I, 1885.
gate-money is to be taken, public feel-
ing having frustrated a project for en-
OXFORD.
closing the new ground in the Parks. ist inn. 2nd inn.
J. H. Brain, c Rock, b
Hertford rents the centre of the Running Toppin . . . . I 1 b w, b Rock
. . o
Ground, and Keble a ground to the north E. H. Buckland, b Rock 16 b Smith o . .
of the town. The following are the full K. J. Key, b Toppin 5 c Hawke, b
. .
Page . .
7 F. Marchant, run out 8
H. F. Boyle, b Whitby.. 5 not out ..8 P. J. De Paravicini, b Cochrane . . . , o
F. R. Spofforth, not out 6 c Key, b Bas- C. Toppin, not out .. .. .. .^.11
tai-d . . 3 C. A. Smith, c O'Brien, b Bastard . . 23
Bii,lb4 .. .. 15 B9,lbi.. 10 B4,lb5 9
Total .. 148 Total 168 Total 287
:
43 CRI— DEN
In the second innings C. W. Wright scored (3) In Civil Law, Bachelor and Doc-
(c Buckland, b Bastard) 15, H. W. Bainbridge tor (B.C. L. andD.C.L.).
(1 b w, b Bastard) 7, Hon. M. B. Hawke (not
out) 5, G. M. Kemp (b Bastard), 26, C. D. (4) In Medicine, Bachelor and Doc-
Buxton —
(not out) 36 total 89. tor (M.B. andM.D.).
Cambridge winning by seven wickets. (5) In Divinity, Bachelor and Doctor
Oxford has now won 23 matches and - (B.D. andD.D.).
Cambridge 26, two having been left The Faculties of Medicine, Civil Law,
unfinished. and Divinity are denominated superior
Davis Chinese Scholarship, Faculties, and candidates for degrees in
The, is worth ;^5o a year, and is open them must have passed the Examination
to members of the University who have necessary to the attainment of the
not exceeded twenty-eight terms from degree of Bachelor of Arts. In all
their matriculation. It is tenable for cases the consent of their College or Hall,
two years conditionally on the scholar or of the Delegates of non-collegiate
keeping a certain statutable residence, students, must be obtained by the candi-
and continuing his Chinese studies dates and must be given to the Registrar
under the supervision of the Professor. in writing. The names of candidates
If none of the candidates, at the time of are also read out in Congregation, and
the election, are deemed worthy of the they must furthermore inscribe their
Scholarship, the election may be post- names in a book which is kept at the
poned for two years or less, and in that Vice-Chancellor's house. No tests
case the annual stipend or a smaller are required on taking degrees beyond
sum may^ be paid under the name of a promise to conform to the Statutes of
an Exhibition, to a person who may be the University, and in regard to the
desirous of pursuing the study of privileges of the House of Congregation,
Chinese. The Exhibition is tenable except that those who are admitted to
during the period for which the Scholar- degrees in the Faculty of Divinity have
ship election has been postponed, and to assent to the Thirty-nine Articles and
otherwise under the same conditions as the Book of Common Prayer. (For
the Scholarship itself. particulars of time required for Degrees,
Degradation.—This is the solemn Examinations, Fees, and General Con-
cancelling in Convocation of the degree ditions, see Arts, Divinity, Law,
held by a member of the University. Medicine, and Music.)
When scandalous conduct appears to Sometimes, but very rarely, degrees
may be brought
justify this, the ofifender are granted out of the ordinary course,
before the Vice-Chancellor in Convoca- by Decree of Convocation, or by Dip-
tion, by the Bedels ; and after the loma, to persons who have not, as well
former has detailed his offences, the as to persons who have, been previously
Sub-Bedels are to remove the insignia members of the University; and less
of his degree one by one—his cap, his rarely they are given honoris causd^
hood, and his gown— and is then to without the full rights which ordinarily
hustle Xproiurbare) him, thus stripped belong to them.
{tiudatum), forth from the doors of the
House. If he be not present in Oxford Demyships. — [See Magdalen
he is declared deprived of his degree College. )
by the vote of Convocation.
Degfrees.—The degrees granted by Denyer and Johnson Theo-
the University are logical Scholarships, The, are
(i) In Arts, Bachelor and Master two number, of the annual value of
in
(B.A. and M.A.). £<,o each, are open to Bachelors of Arts
(2) In Music, Bachelor and Doctor who have not exceeded twenty-seven
(Mus. B. andMus. D.). terms from matriculation, and are
DEN-DIS 44
awarded, after Examination, in every duced by one man is limited to two, or
Hilary Term. in some cases, as at Christ Church, to
three. {See also tinder Hall. ) Dinners
Derby Scholarship.— This in Rooms are almost unknown. No
Scholarship of the annual value of ;^ 15 7, College which aims at encouraging
tenable for one year only, is awarded to
frugality in its inmates would tolerate
the candidate who has attained the
them. Still, in special cases they may
highest academical distinction in classi-
be permitted by the authorities, when
cal scholarship.Candidates must be they will be charged for either by the
members of the University who have head or by the dish, as may be arranged
completed their twentieth, and not with the College cook. The alternative
completed their twenty-fourth terms, to a Dinner in Rooms is a supper, or a
and who must have attained the follow-
"smug tea," the latter being merely
ing distinctions (i) A first
: in Classics
a small and solitary edition of the
at the First Public Examination ; (2) A former, indulged in by those who have
first Humanioribus, or
class in Literis
reasons for regarding their moments as
a second class in Literis Humanioribus precious, under shadow of approaching
at the Second Public Examination, to-
schools, or for avoiding the heavy
gether with two of the three Chancellor's menu of the Hall. Only cold meat
Prizes, of which one must be that for
can be sent into rooms in the evening.
Latin Verse ; (3) Two of the three
Classical University Scholarships, name-
ly the Hertford, the Ireland, and the
Discipline. —Every Undergra-
duate, on his admission to the Univer-
Craven. sity by the Vice-Chancellor in the
Dinners. — Dining elsewhere than ceremony of matriculation, is presented
in the College Hall is not encouraged by an attendant functionary with a copy
by the University or College authorities. of an octavo book, bound in cloth, of a
Moreover, it is almost impossible to colour varying in successive years, and
obtain a cheap and comfortable meal bearing in gilt letters the title " Statuta
out of College. The prices at all the Universitatis Oxoniensis." For this
—
hotels are high in the more preten- book he will pay the sum of ^i, an
tious they are outrageously so, especially amount which to be hoped he will
it is
if wine be brought into the question, find the contents worth to him, for the
and there is always the chance that dis- second-hand market price of the work is
covery by a zealous Proctor may add nil. The Statutes which it embodies
;^l to the account, although discipline are mostly in Latin, as being the one lan-
on this point has been somewhat guage commonly understood by the
relaxed of late years, and an Under- students who flock to Oxford from all
graduate belated for his College Hall nations of the world. They form a
may count pretty surely on being per- summary of the theoretical discipline of
mitted to feed and pass out in peace, the University, but it may be doubted
provided he does not sit too long. In whether many Undergraduates arrive
most Colleges there is a particular night at their knowledge of that discipline
in the week assigned for the entertain- from a study of these pages. A few
ment of guests in Hall, when a special days' residence will put most men in
strangers' table is provided. On ordi- possession of a sufficient working know-
nary nights any guest who may be ledge of the functions and habits of the
invited will sit with his host at the Proctors, who with their pro's, and staff
common table. If an Undergraduate of Bulldogs form the police of the
it will be safer for his host that he University, and enforce its commands
should brirg cap and gown. The and its prohibitions. The first thing
number of guests who may be intro- that will be learnt in connection with
45 DIS— DIS
these officers is that they every evening prohibition of driving, unless permission
perambulate the streets of the city, have been obtained from the College
when most common and mechani-
their authorities and the Proctors {tandeins
cal duty is to arrest, and inquire the being under all circumstances forbidden),
name and College of, any Undergraduate and of attendance at race meetings, etc.,
found in the streets without cap and by Undergraduates. The more serious
gown. Any one so found after 7. 30 or duties of the Proctors are concerned with
8.0, when the Proctors are certain to the maintenance of the morals of the
be upon their rounds, will be invited University, and indeed of the town so
to call upon his captor next morning, far as the University is likely to be
and, failing a reasonable excuse for his affected by them. The Bulldogs are
infringement of the regulations as to in reality a force of detectives, and are
attire, will be requested to pay 5^. into in constant communication with various
the University Chest, represented on sources of information in the city. The
these occasions by a white pudding- power of the Vice- Chancellor and
plate. A similar penalty may be Proctors within the area under their
inflicted for appearing without cap and jurisdiction far surpasses that of any
gown in the morning, and for the not other constituted authority in any town
unfrequently concurrent offence of smok- of the kingdom, except that occupied
ing in the streets. In the afternoons by the sister University. Any Under-
Undergraduates are practically at liberty graduate convicted of the offences, the
to infringe these regulations, though temptations to which it is the main
instances have been known of their object of the Proctorial system to re-
enforcement by Draconian Pro-proctors move, will hardly escape expulsion from
even before Hall time. The desirability the University.
of the regulations as to the wearing of The disciplinary systems of the several
cap and gown is much canvassed, and Colleges, while alike in most general
Proctors vary considerably in their zeal features, vary in minor points according
to prevent their infringement, but it is to the special rules which the prevailing
safer forany one who cares about his type of Undergraduate frequenting the
crowns to wear his cap and gown when special College has made necessary.
he goes out after Hall. It is not diffi- The rule that all men residing in College
cult to discern the approach of a are to be within gates by 12 at night
Proctor and his staff, nor, if they are is universal, and applies equally to
observed in time, to avoid beingaccosted lodging-houses and their inmates ; its
by them by availing oneself of a side infringement is a serious offence. The
street, but the most wary of Under- College gates are usually closed at about
graduates will occasionally be surprised. 10 minutes past 9, when "Tom "has
The penalty of unsuccessful flight is an ceased tolling his loi strokes. The fines
increase in the fine payable, and flight exacted for coming in after the closing
from a Bulldog is not always successful. of the gate vary according to the time
In the course of his rounds the Proctor of entrance ; in some Colleges none are
will visit the public rooms of hotels, exacted. Doors in lodgings are closed
with the view of dispersing any Under- at 10 p.m. Each College porter and
graduates who may there be collected lodging-house keeper sends in a weekly
for purposes of festivity. The penalty return of entrances after closing of gates,
for being found in such a gathering is thus furnishing a rough criterion of the
£1. Billiard rooms will also be cleared amount of a man's evening reading,
after 9.0 p.m., and loj". or £1 will though only of a negative kind. Too
probably be added to the expenses of frequent "knocking in" will lead to the
each of the players therein discovered. "gating" of the offender, by which is
Other sumptuary regulations are the implied that he will not be allowed to be
DIS-DIS 46
out of College before 2 p.m. (except for dence, will amount in most cases to a
lectures) or after Hall. *' Gating" is a very effective deterrent, while the check
convenient and much-resorted-to form of given to his studies will probably be
punishment for minor offences. It is but small. For less pardonable breaches
sometimes inflicted considerable
for —
of College Law such as contumelious
periods, when it becomes a real incon- treatment of authorities, contempt of
venience. It has the merit of en- gating, notorious and persistent
couraging reading. Fines or Sconces gambling (all gambling being for-
are also employed for the correction of bidden by University Statute), repeated
small peccadilloes. In some Colleges failures in the schools —
Undergraduates
a fine is inflicted concurrently with every may be requested to remove their names
** gating." The early rising of Under- from the College books, in which case
graduates is promoted by the system of they may find refuge in a Hall, or
Chapels, of which a certain number have become Non-Collegiate students, while
to be attended in every week in most it is only for offences of a disgraceful
Colleges. The morning services are character that expulsion from the
usually at 8 a.m., and the evening in College is resorted to. In most Colleges
some Colleges before Hall, in others at there are by-laws of a more or less
10 p.m. or thereabouts. "Where atten- stringent character against the introduc-
dance at Chapel is not so rigorously tion of dogs into College, the playing of
enforced (and in some Colleges there is pianos except in certain hours, walking
no compulsory attendance), a Roll Call on the grass of the quads, etc. , enforced
is held at 8 a.m. which must be by no penalty except after repeated
answered a certain number of times in breach. In addition to the compulsory
the week or in the term. This institu- Chapels, a certain number of Halls have
tion furnishes another means of correct- in some Colleges to be kept, or at any
ing minor offences, of a nature equally rate paid for, in every week of term, or in
salutary with that of gating; the obliga- the course of the whole term {see Hall).
tion to keep a// Roll Calls being, especi- At each term's end, inmost Colleges, more
ally for out-College men of somnolent or less of a ceremony in the form of Col-
temperament, a somewhat unpleasant lections has to be gone through before an
one. Chapel attendance on Sundays, Undergraduate is at liberty to go down.
morning and evening, is in most cases Any Undergraduate desirous of residing
compulsory. It is seldom that **
impo- in Oxford during vacation must obtain
sitions " or '*
lines " are resorted to as permission from his College authorities,
a punishment. They are marketable and, if he resides in lodgings, from the
commodities in Oxford, and commend University authorities. Absence from
themselves to few sensible men as a Oxford by night or by day is forbidden,
method of enforcing discipline.
desirable but leave may be obtained, on sufficient
For graver offences, such as occasion- reason shown, from the College autho-
ally succeed large wines, rioting, hay- rities. Further information as to the
making, the lighting of bonfires, screw- discipline of the University, of a nature
ing-up of doors, etc. severe gating may
, rather unwritten and customary than
be considered a sufficient penalty, or formulated in statutes and rules, may
the offender, if a scholar or exhibitioner, be gathered from the articles on Fresh-
be fined by a deduction from his Scholar- men and Undergraduates.
ship, or he may be "sent down" for a
period, it being generally understood Discommoning. —The "thunder-
that the estimate formed of the severity bolt of discommoning," wielded by the
and degradation of that punishment by Vice-Chancellor, is the power of for-
a man's home circle, combined with his bidding dealings by any member of the
deprivation of the pleasures of resi- University with a tradesman who has
'
47 DIS— DUE
incurred disgrace by fraud, extortion, Canonry at Christ Church
attached to is
or other offence. The Vice-Chancellor, this chair, which is now occupied by
with or without the advice of the Dr. Charles Abel Heurtley, late Fellow
Proctors, may thus summarily * boycott'
' of Corpus.
any one within the precincts of the
University,
Divinity, Regius Professor
of, is to lecture on some portion of the
Divinity, Degrees in.— Can- Holy Scriptures, or to discuss questions
didates for the degree of Bachelor of connected with the study of Theology.
Divinity must have been Regent Mas- He is subject to the usual regulations
ters of Arts for three years, and before as to the residence and lecturing of
being admitted must exhibit to the Professors. A
Canonry at Christ Church
Vice-Chancellor their letters of Priests' is annexed to the chair, the original
Orders, or a certificate from the emolument of which was £40. The
Registrar of the diocese in which they Regius Professor is William Ince, D.D.
have been ordained. They are required
to read before the Regius Professor in Divinity School, in the same quad-
rangle as the entrance to the Bodleian, is
the Divinity School two dissertations
particularly noticeable for the extreme
upon subjects previously approved by
the Professor, and to pay to the
beauty of its stone roof, with elaborate
University a fee of;,^ 14.
groining, tracery, and pendants. The
ancient disputation pulpits are still pre-
Candidates for the degree of Doctor
served, and stand in either side of the
of Divinity must have been for four
school.
years Bachelors of Divinity, and are
It was here in 1555 that Bishops
required to read in the Divinity School
three exegetical lectures upon portions
Ridley and Latimer were tried; and
of Holy Scripture, and to pay to the when Parliament sat at Oxford in 1625
University a fee of ;^40. to avoid the Plague, the Divinity
A Master of Arts who has completed School was assigned to the use of
fifteen years from his admission to
the House of Commons. It afterwards
Regency may, with the consent of fellupon evil days, and was for some
Convocation, take the two degrees in time used as a storehouse for com, but
Divinity by accumulation, that is, both even this was not so bad as the fate
that had befallen it at the time of Ed-
at the same time, doing the exercises
for one of the two only, whichever he
ward VI., when it was used as a pig-
may choose. In this case a fee of £5 market. In the Convocation House,
is charged in addition to the fees in
which leads from the school, is a good
roof, and pictures of Lords Eldon and
both degrees.
Stowell, by Owen. The oak panelling
Divinity, Margaret Profes- in the building is attributed to VVjren.
—
sor of. Elected by the Graduates in
Driving. — Pony carriages can be
Theology and by Masters of Arts in
Holy Orders who are members of Con- hired for los. 6d. for the day, and prices
gregation, or have resided for twenty rise from this minimum in proportion
weeks in the University previous to the to the dignity of the equipage required.
election. The Vice-Chancellor has a Permission to drive must be obtained
casting vote in the election. He is from the Proctors, who make little
subject to the ordinary Professorial difficulty of granting the privilege on
regulations as to the instruction he is production of the necessary certificate
to give. The Professorship is the oldest of the sanction of the authorities of the
in the University, having been founded applicant's College or Hall. Tandems
in 1502, by Margaret, Countess of and four-in-hand driving are forbidden.
Richmond, mother of Henry VIL A Dues.— (vS*^^ Fees.,)
ECC-EXA 48
Ecclesiastical History, members of the University who have
Regius Professor of.— Subject passed the Examination, and
B.A.
to the same regulations as the Regius have begun the sixteenth term from
Professor of Pastoral Theology. The their matriculation for the space of
emoluments are those of a Canonry of eight weeks previously to the day
Christ Church, assigned to this chair in appointed for sending in the Essays,
1840. Present Professor, William Bright, and have not exceeded the twenty-
D.D., Christ Church, elected 1868. eighth term from their matriculation
on the day in Trinity Term on which
Ecclesiastical History, The the subject of the Essay is proposed.
Header in, lectures twice a week dur-
ing term time, and twice in those weeks English Language and
gives informal instruction to those who Literature, The Merton Pro-
desire it. His salary is ;^300 a year, fessor of, is to lecture and give
and he may demand a fee of not more instruction on the history and criticism
than £2. a term from those receiving of the English language and literature,
informal instruction. The Reader is and on the works of approved English
the Rev. Edwin Hatch, M.A., Vice- authors. He shall be entitled to a
Principal of St. Mary Hall. stipend of ;f 700 per annum, in addition
to the emolument of his ex-officioY€^o^-
Eldon Law Scholarship, The,
ship in the College, from Merton Col-
istenable for three years from the 4th
lege, a member of which shall always
of June, conditionally on the scholar
keeping his terms regularly at one of be on the board of electors to the
office. The Professor is Arthur Sampson
the Inns of Court. Candidates must
be *' Protestants of the Church of Napier, M.A,
England, and members of the Univer- English Poem,— (vSV^ Newdi-
sity of Oxford, who, having passed GATE.)
their Examination for the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, have been rated in English Poem on a Sacred
the first class in one branch at least of Subject. —A prize of the value of
examination, or have gained one of the about ;^io8 is given once in every three
Chancellor's Prizes, and who intend to years for an English Poem on a Sacred
follow the profession of the Law. " All Subject of not less than sixty or more
applications are to be addressed to the than three hundred lines. It is open
Secretary to the Trustees of the Foun- to all members of the University who,
dation (George Lewis Parkin, Esq., 5, when the subject is announced, have
New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London, passed the Examination for the degree
W.C.), and no application made by or of B.A. The subject for 1887 is the
on behalf of a candidate to any indi- "Preaching of John the Baptist."
vidual Trustee is entertained. If this Decasyllabic verse rhymed in couplets
scholar is called to the Bar, or com- or stanzas, or blank verse. The dra-
mences practice, he ipso facto vacates matic form is inadmissible.
the Scholarship.
Examinations. — Such particu-
Ellertou Theological Essay. lars of the Preliminary and Final Exami-
—This prize, value £2.1^ is aM^arded nations as the space at our command ad-
annually " for the best English Essay on mits of, will be found under the respective
some doctrine or duty of the Christian heads of Arts, Divinity, Law, Medi-
religion, or on some of the points on cine, and Music ; but it may be men-
•which we differ from the Romish tioned that full information as to the
Church, or any other subject of Theo- time of holding and manner of con-
logy which shall be deemed meet and ducting these and all other University
usual." The competition is open to Examinations, the standing at which
49 EXA— EXE
candidates may offer tliemselves, the Exegesis, Dean Ireland's
subjects to be taken in for examination Professor of. —
Instituted under
and the books in which they may be Dean Ireland of Westminster's will in
studied, and the exemptions which are 1 843. He is to reside six months and
in certain cases allowed, will be found to deliver two courses of lectures in the
stated officially in the Examination year, each lasting for six weeks at least
Statutes, which are published annually in the term, at the rate of two lectures
at the beginning of Michaelmas Term. a week, on the exposition of the Holy
The papers and questions set at all Scriptures. Twice a week at least the
the Examinations in Arts are published Professor is to assign an hour for in-
at the Clarendon Press Depository, 116, formal instruction to students who may
High Street, Oxford. The names of desire it. He is elected by the Heads
candidates for Examinations, and also of Houses. The emolument of the
the results, are published from time to chair is the interest at ^t, per cent, of
time in the University Gazette, a sum of ^10,000 bequeathed by the
founder. Professor, William Sanday,
Excursions. — {^See Sight-See- M.A., Fellow of Exeter.
ING.)
EXETER COLLEGE.
Exeter College, Turl Street, founded in 1314 by Walter de Stapleton,
Bishop of Exeter and Lord High Treasurer, is entered by a fine tower
gateway with heavy bosses, and has been almost entirely rebuilt at one
period or another. The first quadrangle contains both the Hall and the
Chapel. The Hall possesses a fine open timber roof, and portraits of
the founder, Charles L, Archbishops Seeker and Selden, and one of Dr.
Prideaux, who from a scullion in the College rose to be rector of it,
—
Bishop of Worcester, and greater dignity of all, perhaps, in University
—
esteem Regius Professor of Divinity. The elaborate oak screen appears
to have been painted and varnished, and spoiled, by some spick-and-span
paint-loving Goth. The Chapel, rebuilt about twenty years ago from
designs by Sir Gilbert Scott, ];ias an apse, with fine Salviati mosaics, and
some good modern stained-glass windows. On the floor of the nave are
three brasses, dated 1624, 1627, and 1636, to the memory of three
children of the Dr. Prideaux above mentioned. The Chapel, with its high-
pitched roof and small but graceful spire, is considered to be a master-
piece of Gothic architecture. The Library fronts towards the Fellows'
garden, and is a modern Gothic building also by Scott. Here will be
found Henry VIL's fine illuminated Mass-book, and a number of
other rare and interesting works. At the bottom of the garden is a large
chestnut-tree, overshadowing Brasenose Lane and Heber's rooms in that
College, whence it is called Heber's tree ; and another curiosity is Dr.
Kennicot's fig-tree, concerning which some curious stories may be
gleaned by the inquisitive visitor.
Exeter College has contributed many Archbishops and Bishops to the
Church, and has also numbered among its students Sir Charles Lyell, the
geologist the Rev. Alexander Dyce, the commentator on Shakespeare ;
;
late 4th King's Own Royal Regt. held once in each term.
petitive, is The
subjects are two Greek Plays by the
Lecturer in Modern History and in
Hebrew, and Librarian. same author ; three books of the Odes
Rev. Charles William Boase, M.A. of Horace and the Ars Poetica ; Arith-
Chaplain. metic ; the first two books of Euclid or
Thomas Henry Sheppard, B.D. Algebra to Simple Equations ; Latin
Catechist.
Prose Composition; and unseen trans-
Rev. William Walrond Jackson, from Greek and Latin. Holders
lation
M.A. of certificates exempting from Re-
Tutor and Dean. sponsions are also exempted from the
Paul Ferdinand Willert, M.A. Matriculation Examination. The ad-
Sub-Rector. mission fee is £5, and the Caution money
Lewis Richard Farnell, M.A. £2.^^ the latter returnable on removal
Tutors. of the name from the College books.
Lewis Richard Farnell, M.A.
Rev. Henry Fanshawe Tozer, M.A. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
Henry Francis Pelham, M.A. Beades the Open Scholarships, the
Paul Ferdinand Willert, M.A. number of which is fixed from time to
Mathematical Lecturer. time by the College, and which are of
Charles James Coverly Price, M.A, the annual value of ;^8o, there are eight
Lecturer in Theology. Stapleton's Scholarships of the annual
Ret. William Sanday, M.A. value of £60, limited to persons born or
Lecturers not on the Foundation, educated in the Diocese of Exeter, and
John Charles Wilson, M.A., B.CL. one or two King Charles I.'s Scholar-
{Jurisprudence). ships of the value of £%o per annum,
William Lewis Morgan, M.A. limited to persons born at any of the
[Biology]. Channel Islands, or educated at Victoria
Harold Bailey Dixon, M.A. Trinity College, Jersey, or Elizabeth College,
{^Physics).
Guernsey. Candidates for all these Scho-
Archibald Barwell How, B.A.
{Classics).
larships must be under nineteen years of
Fellows. age, and the Open Scholarship elections
Rev. Charles William Boase, M.A. take place in Hilary Term. In default
Thomas Henry Sheppard, B.D. of duly qualified candidates for the
Rev. William Walrond Jackson, limited Scholarships, these may for the
M.A. time be thrown open. There are also
Ingram Bywater, M.A. three other Scholarships, each of the
Edwin Ray Lankester, M.A. annual value of ;^8o, for one of which,
Lewis Richard Farnell, M.A. founded by Mr. George Carter, persons
Rev.Henry Fanshawe Tozer, M.A. born in the county of Kent and already
Henry Francis Pelham, M.A.
William Mitchell Ramsay, M.A. members of the College have a prefer-
Charles James Coverly Price, M.A. ence, cceteris paribus, over other candi-
Paul Ferdinand Willert, M.A. dates ; while the other two, founded by
Rev. William Sanday, M.A. Miss Marianne Hasker, are open to all
Honorary Fellows. persons needing assistance at the Uni-
Right Hon. Lord Coleridge, M.A., versity, and intending to study theology
Hon. D.C.L. with a view to taking Holy Orders. For
51 EXE-EXP
the Carter and Hasker Scholarships at a valuation. The degree fees are,
there is no limit of age. B.A. £^ 13^. 6d., and M.A. £^ $s,
There are numerous Exhibitions in
the gift of the College, many of which
COLOURS.
The Eight wear a red jacket trimmed
are open to general competition, while
with black, black hat with red ribbon,
others are restricted to members of the
and white jersey trimmed with red.
College. There is no limitation as to age.
The ordinary uniform is black coat
Of the Special Exhibitions may be men- trimmed with red, or blue with the
tioned the How, two in number, of the
College arms on the breast.
annual value of £35, limited to the kin
of the founder, or to the sons of clergy- Expenses.— It is exceedingly dif-
men resident in Somerset or Devon, or ficult, in a general article, to give the
to sons of clergymen of the Church of detailed information so often desired by
England generally ; one Gifford, value those who are contemplating an Oxford
£'jo per annum, limited in the first in- career. In fixing the annual sum which
stance to persons educated at Ashburton will suffice to maintain him there com-
School ; King Charles I.'s, two or more, fortably and creditably, very much
limited as in the case of King Charles depends upon the character and tastes
I.'s Scholarships ; the Symes, two, of the individual, much upon the estab-
worth about £60 per annum each, lishment to which he attaches himself.
limited in the first instance to persons There used to be a tradition that £100
born or educated in the counties either per annum was, with care, an adequate
of Somerset or Dorset ; and a Michell, allowance for a member of a College.
worth about £40 per annum. The Symes It is exceedingly doubtful whether at the
and Michell Exhibitions are restricted to present day it would be possible for any
students of Divinity. but an unattached student to obtain his
FELLOWSHIPS. B.A. degree at a less cost than £yxif
There are exclusive of all pocket and personal
at present twelve Fellow-
ships, Ordinary and Tutorial. Tutorial expenses.
Fellowships are tenable in the first in- Let us consider the necessary dis-
stance for fifteen years, with possible bursements of an Undergraduate at an
re-election, once for ten years, and then
ordinary College. On matriculation
for periods of not more than five. The he will pay to the University ;^2 lox.,
yearly stipend is from ;^200 to ;^300, in and to his College ^5 as an entrance
addition to a sum not exceeding £600 fee. The University fee is invariable ;
from the Tuition Fund. Subject to the amount quoted as payable to the
certain conditions. Tutorial Fellows are
College is that charged in the ma-
jority of cases, though at Balliol it
permitted to marry.
is as low as £2, and rises, at St.
EXPENSES. John's College, to £6 31. He will
The tuition fees are £22 is, annually further be required to make a deposit
for Undergraduates, with certain re- of Caution money, usually ^^30, though
missions. The College dues are, until in several cases £2<^, and, in a few, as
taking the degree of B. A. , £^ gs. per low as ;^20. At certain of the Halls,
annum ; the establishment charges are, where a system of prepayment is allowed,
for residents in College £1^^ los., for Caution money is, if advantage be taken
residents out of College £y loj-., to- of that system, not required. Being
gether with certain percentages on now a member of the University and
articles supplied from the kitchen or the College, he will take up residence either
buttery,and payments to bedmaker. in rooms within gates or in lodgings.
Room-rent varies from ;!^io to £16 per The systems of the various Colleges in
annum, furniture, as a rule, to be taken regard to the disposal of their freshmen
, ;
EXP-EXP 52
in this respect are very different. Some they, or such of them as are wanting,
prefer that the new-comers should reside will have to be procured. A
lamp is
in College, and turn the third or fourth also desirable. This batch of requisites
year men out of gates ; others look will probably come to another £3.
upon residence as a privilege accorded Certain groceries will also have been
to seniority, and turn their freshmen provided by the fatherly attendant from
into the town. In others, again, a his favourite tradesmen, who should be
man's whole course may be passed either noted for avoidance. This will, how-
in lodgings or in rooms, according to ever, remind our student that he must
his own option. We will assume for get his groceries (tea, coffee, sugar, and
the present that the freshman has ob- biscuits are the only indispensable ones)
tained rooms in College immediately on somewhere, and that this will be one of
matriculation. If so, he will have in his terminal expenses. He should order
most cases to pay out a further sum of them himself and have them sent in
from ;^2o to £60 for the furniture of his (unless he can get them from the College
rooms, unless, as is usual in a few Common Room or ^-tore), and pay for
Colleges and permitted in the case of them at the time. In some Colleges
particular sets of rooms in others, he no commissions may be executed by
arranges to rent the furniture from the scouts without a written order ; this is
College. We will let him down easily, a wise regulation.
and say £2,0, including the valuer's fee After joining, the Undergraduate will
and the stamp. have a short period of repose from ex-
He will next be made aware of a penditure, but soon will come upon him
further necessity for disbursement on the necessity of choosing his line in
account of various minor articles of amusement and exercise. If he joins
household necessity not deemed worthy his College Boat Club —
and in a small
of being numbered among the perma- and united College he will be sure to
nent furniture, and absorbed by the —
do so in any he will be wise to do so,
scout of the staircase at each occupant's —he will be called upon for a terminal
removal, unless he carries them with subscription of £i at least. If the
him. A list of these will be furnished College is one which does not provide
by the thoughtful scout, who will gene- its practice boats, he may have to
own
rally sell the new-comer the articles subscribe to Salter's as well, if he sticks
required. If the latter prefers to have to the river. The gymnasium, if his
them new, and at a price more pro- tastes be that way, is more expensive.
portionate to their value, he will pur- Lawn-tennis will also cost him more
chase them at an ironmonger's, having racquets or tennis more again. The
first inquired of his scout the names of quietest of boating men will probably
the two or three tradesmen whom he find his exercise cost him £2 a term,
would recommend in that line in order at least, and boating is the cheapest
that he may know whom, at any rate, form of recreation, unless a man is
to avoid. The articles required will prepared to sacrifice more to economy
probably be, bath and water-can, than economy is worth, and to confine
chamber-set, two brooms, a coal-scuttle, himself to constitutionals.
tin bowl, tea-tray, kettle, saucepan, and Passing over the appeals which will
boot-brushes. I f the following requisites be made to him for charitable and mis-
have not been brought from home, viz. sionary subventions, as being concerned
sheets, tablecloths, towels, toilet-covers, with his privy purse, and not with what
glass-cloths, dusters, tea-set, breakfast- we may regard as his public expenditure
set, knives, spoons, and forks, tumblers, as an Undergraduate, we must take
wine-glasses, decanters, small plates, account of the subscription which he will
salt-cellars, cruet-stand, and candlesticks, probably pay to some social club the —
53 EXP— EXP
Union, or his School
Club. His on an average, may these weekly battels
entrance fee and subscription to the be kept ? The ordinary estimate for a
latter —
which, if he is of the average moderate and economical man, who
moderate type of Undergraduate, he eats and drinks healthily, and enter-
will probably join, and will certainly do tains quietly, is about £2 a week. A
well in doing so, even if only for a moment's consideration of the items will
—
time will amount to £2. ^s. But his justify this estimate. Breakfast rated
first term is not only concerned with at IS. 3^. ; lunch at 6d. — and most men
recreation and acclimatisation. He will take meat or pastry for their lunch,
must pass his Smalls, respond for which will mean a higher average —
form's sake in the Farvisum, if he have and dinner in Hall at 2s. 6d. which we —
not before matriculation obtained a will count as occurring every day to
school certificate, or passed the ** Ex- allow for the compensation for absences
amination in lieu.''^ This will mean by the introduction of strangers these —
another fee of £2 to the University, amount tOjf I. loj-., leaving los. for wash-
which we may most fairly bring to ing, fuel (which is generally charged
account among the expenses of his first at about 3i-. 6d.), and occasional
term, even though in the alternative entertainment at breakfast or lunch.
cases referred to it will have been paid Where the Hall charge is less than
before actually coming into residence. 2J-. , this estimate will be fairly easy to
If he now pass, the item will not recur, conform to ; but in most Colleges the
and we will pay him the compliment of battels will not be kept much lower
omitting it from our reckoning in future without some self-denial, and even
terms. His remaining official expenses self-reproach. One large breakfast will
will be connected with going down for raisethem 50 per cent.
the vacation. On this occasion he will, These weekly battels will be summed
in accordance with unwritten but inflex- up and presented with the other terminal
ible custom, pay his scout £iy and his College charges for payment at the com-
scout's assistant los. Perhaps he may mencement of the term succeeding that
have to pay something additional for in which they were incurred, or in some
shoe-blacking, but generally not. Then cases at the end of the same term. At
there are the messenger and the under the head of the composite account will
porter to be remembered, and then —
appear the item University and *' Col-
away to the station for the journey home. lege Dues." The University dues
But our Undergraduate has not all amount to £2 per annum say 13^. 4^.—
this timebeen living on air. On —
a term though they are really paid
the contrary, he has been attending quarterly. The " College Dues " vary ;
lectures, and multiplying convolutions they are a mysterious item. will We
in his gray cerebral matter ; he has take them at 30J. a term, which is a low
been feeding in Hall ; he has been figure, considerably exceeded in most
eating Oxford breakfasts and drinking Colleges, and rising to ^3 35". Poor
Oxford ale ; he has been rowing in Rate will be charged on the value of the
scratch fours and improving his appetite rooms occupied in some Colleges, in
and his digestion ; he has entertained others this and the municipal dues are
his friends at dinner, and has knocked paid in a lump by the College and
in late at night.Of the pecuniary mean- covered by the ** College Dues " item.
ing of all this he has had periodical As however at Jesus these dues are as
reminders in the form of weekly battel low as the figure we have quoted, and
bills, detailing the rest of his daily no Poor or other Rate is charged to
consumption from the kitchen and Undergraduates, we will allow this one
buttery, his washing, his fuel, and College to take away the reproach of
sundry other minute items. How low. worse-managed ones, and make no
:
EXP-EXP 64
-estimate for these Rates in our imaginary of each term. We
have seen that for
Undergraduate's terminal battels. These the first term we must add :
will next present an item of from £"] to £s, d,
£9 for tuition ; we will take the lowest C. Matriculation and College
figure as nearest the average. Next, a Entrance Fees ... ... 7 10 o
Caution Money 25 o o
charge for establishment, service, or
Furniture [say) 30 o o
general expenses, treated very differently
in different Colleges, in some of which
Hardware
Responsions Fee
300
2 o o
it appears in one item, in others as two
or three, while in others, as Trinity, £6j 10 o
Exeter, and New Colleges, a certain
percentage is added to the kitchen and so that, adding in the fee for Modera-
buttery account to defray one section, tions of jfi lOi-., which may as well
while a fixed charge is made for the be counted in the first year as the
remainder ; £^ to £<, a term is a com- second, we get for the first year's
mon amount for these expenses. Finally, amount, £1^1 to be provided. And
for room-rent we may put down £5 this exclusive of any allowance for
as an average terminal charge for the books which must be bought, and
whole period of residence. The clothes which must be worn (not to
account then will stand somewhat as mention the cap and gown), and rail-
below way journeys up and down. How
Is, d, much are these to add to the 3^123 per
A. University Dues o 13 4 annum which we found was requisite
College Dues, Rates, etc. ... i 10 o even after the Undergraduate was fairly
Tuition 700 started? A
careful man will hardly
Room-rent
Service and Establishment
500 escape getting into the wrong half of
the second hundred, without reckoning
{say) 4 10 O for his maintenance in the vacation,
Weekly Battels (including
with which we have nothing to do.
Washing) 16 o o
Such will be the first year, and the
;f34 13 4 second year will closely resemble it,
assuming that our subject is to remain
A small bill for window-cleaning and two years resident in College, except
-chimney-sweeping is also commonly pre- that he will probably have exceeded the
sented, either by the scout or in the estimate in the first by quite as much as
battels, at the commencement of each
he can recoup by care and experience in
term, which, with repairs and sundries, the second. In the second year he will
may be taken as bringing the above have no heavy expenses, unless he seeks
amount up to ^7^35. We
must add to them in the picture and furniture shops,
these the informal terminal expenses or takes to Poker and Unlimited Loo.
already enumerated : If he remain in College for his third
Is. d.
and fourth years, he will still make no
B. Scout and Assistant ... i 10 o saving worth mentioning, except in his
Tips to Messengers, etc. ... o 5 o kitchen and buttery bills, though his
Boating or other Exercise
added experience will probably keep
(subscription) ... ... 2 o o
Club or Society the total from rising. In his third or
(jffjv) ... i 10 o
Groceries {say) o 15 o fourth year, according to the school he
selects, he will pay to the University ;£"i
l^ o Q for the privilege of obtaining his Tes-
tamur in the Rudiments of Faith and
which brings us to a total of £^\^S2^ Religion, and £1 loj. for entry to
low figure for the bare working expenses an Honour School or the three Pass
55 EXP— EXP
Schools together. His degree will cost be cheaper than in College, but a saving
him altogether about £io loj*., the will probably be made on the establish-
University claiming jf 7 10^., the College ment charges, averaging perhaps £2 a
a fee of from;<f i to £5 5j'., and his scout term. The 30^-. fees to scouts are also
expecting a tip of ;^i for his services in saved. Thus the terminal amount will
*' putting on your
gown, sir." He will be much the same as for men in College.
also receive, on his going out of College, If strict economy is resolved upon, it
whether he do this only at the expiration can be brought down to a few pounds
of his time or after two or three years less, and a Scholar may really gain by
thereof, repayment of the value of his the allowance made him in lieu of free
furniture, which we may suppose to rooms.
amount now, allowing for depreciation, In the foregoing estimate an attempt
and presuming that he has put nothing has been made to give figures which
in, to £25. If he takes his name off will form a basis for the calculation of
the College books on assuming his B. A. the allowance necessary for a man
gown, he will also recover his Caution joining an ordinary College. There are
money, £25. certain Colleges which make a special
There is no accepted opinion as to point of being more economical than
whether or not life in lodgings is cheaper others. We
may instance New College
than life in College. Obviously the (the best of these), Jesus, Keble, and
answer must vary with the habits of the Halls. At New College, after all,
individuals and the rent of rooms. A the difference is not much. The regular
list of licensed lodging-houses is issued expenses are said to be reducible to
by the Delegates of Lodging-houses, and ;£"96 per annum, including food, etc.
the prices of rooms duly detailed therein. It will be seen from our table marked
The bare rent varies from los, to £3. A, that these amount in the hypo-
The rent of fairly good rooms in fairly thetical case taken (which is not in-
good situations will run from 20s. to deed copied from any particular College
3CXf. ; but the expense will not depend but is fairly typical) to £104 per
so much on the rent, which it will be annum. Tables B and C will remain
observed is higher than room-rent in as before. At Jesus
College, it is said.
College, as upon the extras charged and Table Amay be kept within £^0, At
the prices to be paid for cooking. Coa/s St. Mary Hall, Undergraduates are
may run into from 3J-. 6d. to 4s. 6d, boarded for £%o per annum, and the
a week ; Gas to the same ; Kitchen estimate for fuel, light, and washing,
Fire will be represented ; Gas in PaS' which are not included, is put at
sage. Attendance, Boots, Knife- cleaning, ^8 lOi-., thus bringing the rate up to
Bathy Use of Plate and Linen. Wedo that of Jesus, while, on the system
not mean that all these items are always, allowed as an alternative, viz. of bat-
or even usually, charged ; but they are teling and having meals in one's own
occasionally fully represented. Ten rooms, the estimate is £(^0 to ;^ioo.
shillings a week for extras is not out of At Keble the system is entirely dif-^
the way. Frequently the Oxford lodging- ferent to that with the type of which
house keeper is an unscrupulous harpy, we have been dealing. All meals are
but we could ourselves name honest and there taken in Hall. Furniture is
lovable folk in that occupation who limited in amount and hired from the
cared for their lodgers' pockets as for College. No Caution money is required,
their own. If these be discovered —
and being rendered unnecessary by the sys-
1. At Matriculationf— a Bible-
in Civil Law or Medicine
Before each Examination
100
Clerk, or any one admitted
to a College or Hall receiv-
in
After
Music
Examination in
200
ing tuition and dinner Medicine, before sup-
without payment, pays ... ^^o lo o plicating for the Degree
2.
Every other person ...
FEE— FIN 58
Any Degree granted in provided he keeps his name on the
absence or by Decree books of some College oi Hall, or upon
of Convocation, addi-
the Register of Unattached Students,
tional ^5 o o but not otherwise.
Degrees by Diploma, ad-
ditional... ... ... lO 10 o
Before recovery of the right
Pellowship,TTniversity.— (5V^
4.
of voting in Convocation
Radcliffe's Travelling Fellow-
when a name has been ships.)
taken off the college
books,
Pellowsllips.—Almost every
With 21 days' residence... College has some specialty of its own
10 o o
Without such o in regard to its Fellowships, and, if exact
residence... 20 o
5. Before Incorporation (be- information is required in regard to any
sides the fee for Matricu- particular case, reference should be made
lation), as an Under- to the Statutes passed by the University
graduate 100 Commission in 1881, and approved by
As B.A 800 the Queen in Council in 1882. These
„ M.A., B.M., B.C.L., contain practically the whole of the
or B.D 15 o o infoi-mation on the subject. As a
AsD.M.,D.C.L.,orD.D. 40 o o
,,
D. Mus.
B.Mus.
10 o o
500 general rule Ordinary Fellowships are
granted, after examination, to candi-
,,
,,
,,
,,
45
50
Fencing. — Practice and lessons
10 4 o M
may be had either at the Gymnasium,
55
9106 ,,
He will then retain for life all the rights Fine Arts, Slade Professor
and privileges belonging to his degree, of, founded in 1869 under the will Or
59 FIN— FRE
Fredejick Slade, Esq., endowed by February 24, 1885, Cambridge win-
his executors with a capital sum of ning by I goal to o, thus making
;!fi2,ooo Reduced Three per Cent. their score to date 8 matches won,
Annuities. The Professor is elected as against Oxford 4. The Oxford
for three years (and may be re-elected), team consisted of G. G. S. Vidal
by a Board consisting of the three (New), goal ; P. M. Walters (Oriel)
Curators of the University Galleries, and L. T. Thring (New), backs;
Bodley's Librarian, the President of W. H. Edgar (BalHol) and R. Stuart-
the Royal Academy of London, the King (Hertford), captain, half-backs;
President of University College, London, F. W. Bain (Christ Church) and H.
and one other person appointed by Chitty (Balliol), left wing ; T. Pellatt
Mr. Slade's executors. He is to give (Trinity ) and H. Guy (Hertford), centres;
annually a course of not less than and O. Scoones (Christ Church) and A,
twelve lectures ** on the history, theory, C. N. Treadgold (Hertford), right wing.
and practice of the Fine Arts, or of The match under Rugby Union rules,
some section or sections of them," Pre- played at Blackheath on December 10,
sent Professor, Mr. Hubert Herkomer, 1884, resulted in favour of Oxford by
A.R.A. 3 goals and a try to a try, the score now
standing Oxford 6, Cambridge 2,
—
Fives. Fives may be played in the
:
FRE-FRE
AMien the day appointed lor the had two or three years in rooms, he
return of Undergraduates arrives, the will probably not be sorry to go
freshman, whether he have had this into lodgings ; his friends will be
preliminary glimpse of Oxford or made, and the migration will not
be perfectly strange there, will be sever him from them ; he will have
found among the crowd which some formed regular habits of reading, and
express train pours forth at the station. of such economy as it suits him to
He will probably be fain to succumb at practise, which he can carry with him
the outset to the forces of extortion by and follow out more comfortably in the
which all Undergraduates, and freshmen greater liberty of lodgings. But the
in particular, are perpetuallybeleaguered freshman needs experience ; he needs
and after agreeing with his adversary contact with his fellows ; he has not
the cabman with all speed possible, will learnt, and will not for some time learn,
engage one of the amphibious temporary how best to use his time and money
porters who have access at these times and though boys of exceptionally indus-
to the station, to rescue and embark trious and conscientious habits may be
his belongings. His cab will be ac- able to read more in lodgings in their
companied to its destination by an in- first term than they could in College, it
dividual of unprepossessing appearance, is not the first term or two, precious as
who will expect to be permitted to carry all time is, that are most precious for
his boxes to his room at a remuneration reading. Modern study of methods of
of i^. If this is not acquiesced in, and education has led to the increase of
the job is left to the College porters and the opinion that it is not well to press
the new arrival's scout, whose business young children with early book lessons
it is, and the unsolicited courtesy of the at a period of their lives when they are
'^runner" in pushing forward to lift learning so much in other ways. It
down the luggage from the cab be not is so with freshmen. They will not
acknowledged in coin, he will show lose so much in their first term by the
signs of discontent and a sense of injury. slight difference residence may make
In bringing our freshman to the in their evenings' reading (for the morn-
porter's lodge we have assumed that ings should, from the first, be rigidly kept
he has joined a College and has been sacred in all cases), as they would lose
granted rooms within the gates. If in Undergraduate vitality by "smug-
he has chosen, or has been obliged ging " in a two-pair back, even if they
to live in lodgings on first coming were not wasting their substance at the
into residence, he will have to pay Union on coffee and cigars.
the porterage alluded to. It may be In College, then, our freshman is
as well here to observe that when there arrived. His portmanteau and book-
is any power of choice we would very box have been taken to his rooms, he
strongly recommend that the freshman following. He will probably spend the
should begin with residence in College. time till Hall in unpacking his things,
He will more quickly fall into the or strolling in the town, buying a cap
spirit of the place, more early gain ex- and gown as he passes. At Hall -time,
perience and acquaintances, than he having arrayed himself in these if he —
will in lodgings. The expense for him has not bought them, his scout will lend
of living within gates will probably not —
him some he will drift about the quad
be greater, though it is impossible to among his fellows, glad indeed if he find
pronounce universally upon this point, some half-acquaintance among the fresh-
which must be studied in detail {see men, or is recognised by a Senior. In
Expenses). In the majority of cases the Hall the freshmen will find their own
a freshman will be expected to reside table and their places thereat by a slow
in College. By the time that he has process of gravitation, and by the end
FRE— FRE 62
of dinner it is to be hoped some of them need not know you again unless they
will be at ease together — sufficient, feel disposed. If you happen to read
perhaps, to justify an invitation to one with a coach, however unconstrained
to come up and have a look at the rooms may be your intercourse during the
of another. Freshmen, unless they hours you spend with him, he may pass
fancy themselves habitues, do not need you without recognition out of doors.
introduction to one another; a com- This code of etiquette, about which
mon isolation makes them one. The much more might be written and which
fewer friends one has among his seniors has its peculiar developments in different
in the College, the quicker will he get Colleges, is always latent, and though
to know his contemporaries, upon a man of straightforward and healthy
whom, throughout his time as an mind may generally go right when he
Undergraduate, he will have most to spontaneously ignores it, yet he may
rely for his companions. Therefore expose himself to severe snubbing or
let him put aside at once all gent and to the unruffled impenetrability of an
want of ease. Oxford cut. For nearly all its laws
There exists at Oxford among Under- have under particular circumstances
graduates a system of etiquette probably very sufficient justification, and ridicu-
unique. It is, of course, always liable lous as is the excess to which they some-
to suspension, and the more a man is times lend themselves they must from
gifted with good sense and proper feel- this very basis of convenience always
ing the less will he enforce it ; but it is preserve some vitality. A freshman
always liable to be enforced, and every need not trouble himself too much
man is constantly prepared to be con- about them. If he is a good fellow he
fronted by its effects. Hence arises a will find most men are good fellows
peculiar defensive attitude and guarded too. Moreover, the affectation and
self-restraint in the Undergraduate artificiality of Undergraduate life have
temper. This code, which binds no one their cycles of growth and decline, and
and which yet binds every one, which at the present time (1885) we believe
may so constantly be set aside and they are on the decline, and common-
yet can never be assumed to be set sense and kindly human feeling, such
aside, prescribes or justifies such social as has been much more the character-
procedure as the following. You know istic of Cambridge, coming in. Cam-
at your home a man who is your senior bridge has had less of the idle and
at College ; you must not be surprised extravagant waistcoat-block class than
if he cuts you in the High, he may be a Oxford.
very good fellow all the same. Even if Very shortly after coming into resi-
you meet and talk to one another and dence the freshman will be called to
are in the same College you must not confer with his tutor as to his course
call upon him until he has called on of reading, and the lectures he is to
you. If you meet strangers in the attend. Here he will find much left
rooms of a friend who are not intro- to his own responsibility, and must be
duced to you, you will mutually ignore on his guard not to be misled by the
each other's existence without doing a changed relation in which his teachers
noticeable or offensive thing. You will stand to him. At school his work was
on no account shake hands with any set him. All that he had to do was
one. This is a convenient Oxford to follow the card. Here, after the
habit which is made necessary by the first advice, he will be left much to
circumstances of the place in College, himself. Some task work, in the form
and extends into universal practice. If of compositions for Moderations, he
you are introduced to strangers or to will have, and his lectures will be
senior men in your own College, they mapped out for him, with some option
63 FRE— FUR
as to which he will attend. Too many And he is growing, body and mind,
lectures are not desirable, and he and can feel his growth and know that
should review the condition of his it is felt, and the dangers and possible
knowledge of the books he has to take penalties of growth are not yet come
up before deciding which to attend. upon him. He enjoys a new freedom,
His tutor will not, in most cases, tell and is conscious of new responsibilities;
him many things which it might be and yet his freest action is not without
better he should, for fear of appearing guidance, and his responsibilities are
too much in the character of the school- neither onerous nor unpleasant.
master. Therefore, let the freshman
keep his eyes open and his wits on Furniture.— The systems followed
the alert to learn what will most help with regard to furniture in various Col-
him to success in the schools, and if leges range themselves into two main
he cares as he should about that, let types. Either the furniture found in
him question his tutor freely on all the rooms will be bought by the in-
points that suggest themselves to him. coming from the outgoing tenant at a
{See Reading. ) valuation fixed by an agent selected by
For making closer acquaintance with the College, and resold, at a fresh valua-
his fellows, senior as well as junior, tion, on relinquishing possession ; or it
there is hardly anything which will may be the property of the College, and
serve him so well as attendance at the a certain terminal rent, or percentage
boats. Dreary and irritating is the on the value, paid for its use, with, in
labour of the tub pair at first ; looking some cases, a lump sum on quitting the
back on it, it seems strange, even to rowing rooms on account of deterioration esti-
men, that they should have endured and mated to have been suffered by the
stuck to it until the beginnings of stock. The former system is the more
proficiency developed themselves. A truly economical for the Undergraduate
"
bondage it is, compared with the life if he is careful of his " bits of sticks
of the loafer, but it is a bondage to and fortunate in his treatment by the
which we would strongly recommend valuer, for, although the payment down
all freshmen to stoop their necks, of from ;^20 to ;^6o in addition to
though we are not unmindful of the other fees on matriculation may be
counter attractions of the many other in many cases a somewhat heavy call,
forms of exercise. In his work and in the interest on the sum so paid, to-
his play, in his reading and his exer- gether with the decrease in the value
cise, the freshman becomes merged in under reasonable usage, will probably
the Undergraduate. In his first term, be less than the amount fixed as
however much he may shun the mani- an average by the College, which
festation of freshness as a shameful will average £i and upwards per term,
stigma, he will remain recognisable as while assessment for deprecia-
the
such. Not a tradesman, not a loafer in tion may be
put down at jf 3 and up-
the city, but will **spot" him at a wards. If no charge is to be made for
glance, and act accordingly. depreciation the payment for rent will
At no time in his life, however, be proportionately higher. In Keble
will he find happiness more cheap. College, however, among other regula-
The restraints of school are gone, the tions aimed at securing severe economy,
cares of degree, of disappointed expec- the buying or owning of certain sorts of
tations, of possible debt, are not yet. furniture is forbidden. Thus the pro-
The wonderful city is putting forth hibition of sofas gives birth to various
her charms upon him, soaking him types of elongated arm-chairs and hyper-
with that unreasoning and undefinable trophied ottomans. At this College,
love for her which shall never leave him. such furniture as is thought necessary is
FUR—GOV 64
provided, and the rent included in the Geology and Palaeontology, and is en-
annual charge of £^2, so that a real titled to receive the sum
of 3C400 per
economy is probably secured to the oc- annum from the University Chest, to
cupant, who has also the advantage of be increased "when and as the revenues
exemption from the payment of a lump of the University shall, in the judgment
sum at the outset for furniture. Such of the University, be sufficient for the
extra articles as are put in by Under- purpose," to not less than ;^7oo or
graduates themselves are usually dis- more than ;^900 per annum, ** unless
posed of in this College by auction or provision for a payment of corre-
private contract to other members. This sponding amount shall have been made
system probably ensures the fairest price from some other source." The Pro-
being obtained, though there will always fessor is Joseph Prestwich, M.A.,
be a loss, here as in other Colleges, on Christ Church,
furniture put in new by the tenant. Such
furniture, however, he has always the
Geometry, The Savilian
option of carrying away with him. Professor of, is to lecture and give
instruction in pure and analytical
Gaisford Prizes, The.—These Geometry. He is entitled to certain
are two in number, of the annual value emoluments derived from the benefac-
of about £i(^ each, and are awarded tion of Sir Henry Savile, or from the
annually in Trinity Term, one for Greek University Chest, and also to an annual
Verse, the other for Greek Prose. They sum, in addition to the stipend of an
are open to Undergraduates who, on the ordinary Fellowship, of ^400 from
first Saturday in Easter Term, have not New College, the Warden of which
completed the seventeenth term from is always a member of the board of
matriculation. electors to the office. The Professor is
James Joseph Sylvester, Hon. D.C.L.,
Gardens. — Considering the ex- M. A. Cantab., Fellow of New College.
ceeding beauty of the gardens of some
of the Colleges it is astonishing how Golf is played during the Michael-
little they are frequented by Under- mas and Lent Terms over the Cricket
graduates. Those of New College, Ground at Cowley Marsh. The Uni-
Trinity, St. John's, Wadham, and versity Club plays several matches in
Worcester remain to many men utterly the year.
unknown throughout their whole resi- Governing Body.—The govern-
dence. Members of those Colleges ing body of the University of Oxford
indeed, especially since the invasion of consists, for practical purposes, of the
lawn-tennis, do make use of them more
Hebdomadal Council, the Congrega-
or less, but to an out-College man, save
tion of the University, and Convoca-
when he has female visitors on his tion. Of these the Hebdomadal Coun-
hands, they are generally a strange cil consists of the Chancellor, the Vice-
country. Thereby he loses much, for Chancellor, the Proctors, six Heads of
to those who know them well they Colleges or Halls, six Professors of the
remain ever among the most soothing University, and six members of Convo-
and sunny of all the clinging memories cation of not less than five years' standing,
of Oxford. Nor is the Old Botanic such Heads, Professors, and members of
Garden less kindly remembered. {S^e Convocation to be elected by the Con-
also Botanic Garden.) gregation of the University. Every
Gate. — [See Discipline.) Statute framed by the Hebdomadal
Council has to be proposed for accept-
Geology, The Professor of, ance or rejection in Congregation, which
is to lecture and give instruction on is composed of the following members
65 GOV- HAL
of Convocation : the Chancellor, the twice a week during term time, and
High Steward, the Heads of Colleges twice in those weeks gives informal in-
and Halls, the Canons of Christ Church, struction to those who desire it. His
the Proctors, the members of the Heb- salary is £300 a year, and he may
domadal Council, the Professors, the demand a fee of not more than £2. a
Public Examiners, certain officers of the term from those receiving informal
University, and all resident members instruction. The Reader is Ingram
of Convocation. Statutes which have By water, M.A., Fellow of Exeter.
passed Congregation are submitted after
a certain interval for final rejection or
Green's (Mrs. T. H.) Prize
is awarded every three years for a dis-
adoption to Convocation, which is a
sertation on some subject relating to
body consisting of all persons who have
Moral Philosophy. It is of the value
taken the degree of Master of Arts, or
<^f £lP* Competitors must have been
of Doctor of Civil Law or Medicine.
admitted to, or qualified for, the degree
The practical details are principally of M.A.
carried out by the Vice-Chancellor and
the Proctors, assisted by certain Dele- Gulph. —The aspirant for Honours
gacies or Committees. The Boards of in any Final Honours School which
for
Faculties, consisting of elected and ex- there is a corresponding Pass School,
^^/^ members, supervise the teaching of whose name fails to appear in the class
the various Professors and Readers, and has still left to him the hope that,
list,
the Visitatorial Board, which consists of though he has thus been swallowed up
the Vice- Chancellor and six elected by the Schools, he may yet find that the
members, exercises a general control Examiners have been willing to grant
over the conduct, etc., of such Professors him a Testarmir as for the corresponding
and Readers. Pass School. Should it be in the
The principal executive officer.^ of Honour School of Lit. Hum. that this
the University are the Chancellor, Vice- sad shipwreck has befallen him, he may
Chancellor, High Steward, Public similarly be allowed a Testamur as for
Orator, Proctors, Bedels, and Registrar. one branch of the Pass School.
For their several duties see separate
headings (Chancellor, etc.).
Gymnasium (situated in Alfred
Street). — Fencing, boxing, single-stick,
Greek, The Regius Profes- and regular daily instruction in gym-
sor of, is to lecture and give in- nastic exercises are here provided.
struction on the history and criticism The subscription is £2 2s, a term, with
of the Greek language and literature, 2s, 6d, for the use of the dressing-room,
and on the works of classical Greek and IOJ-. entrance fee. This institution
authors. The stipend is a yearly sum isopen to all members of the University.
oi £yy:>iiQXi\ Christ Church, in addition
ex officio to the emolument of a non- Hall. —Dinner
in Hall commences
67 HER— HER
HERTFORD COLLEGE.
Hertford College, facing the Bodleian and New College Lane, has
only recently acquired its present name. The College was first founded
as Hart Hall at the end of the thirteenth century. In 1740, Hart Hall
was transformed into Hertford College, by Dr. Newton, of Christ Church.
The College did not flourish, and some few years after the death of Dr.
Newton it was found impossible to induce any qualified person to become
Principal. In 1822 Magdalen Hall was transferred to the buildings of
Hertford College after the old Magdalen Hall had been destroyed by fire,
and in 1874 the foundation was incorporated under the name of Hertford
College. From the sightseer's point of view, the College calls for no
comment.
Magdalen Hall and Hertford College have trained many remarkable
men, including John Tyndale, translator of the Bible Sir Matthew Hale,
;
the Judge Thomas Hobbes Lord Chancellor Clarendon and Dean Swift.
; ; ;
remainder, each of the yearly value of The functions assigned to the High
£<^o or £^0, are subject to certain re- Steward by the Statutes, chiefly legal
strictions. The Scholarship Examina- and judicial, are now obsolete ; that
tion takes place every December, and
they never were very definite or im-
there is no limit of age. There are two portant appears from the wording of
Exhibitions in the gift of the Principal. the Statute concerning his office "It :
gives informal instruction to those who ing for incorporation must first have been
desire it. His salary is £300 a year, and matriculated in this University, and
he may demand a fee of not more than must before the expiration of twenty-
£2 a term from those receiving informal one days in full term after their matricu-
instruction. The Reader is the Rev. lation have transmitted to the Registrar
Charles William Boase, M.A., Fellow certificates of the date of their matricu-
of Exeter. lation in their own University, of due
History (Modern), The Chi- residence, of terms, and, in the case of
chele Professor of, "shall lecture Graduates, of admission to a degree.
and give instruction principally on the An Undergraduate can count no term
history of Great Britain and Ireland, except one kept by a residence of six
and the British Colonies and Dependen- weeks. A Graduate must have kept
cies, in addition to which he may, if he nine terms by a residence of at least
think fit, treat of any other part or parts the greater part of each of them before
of Modern History." His emolument he was admitted to his first degree.
is an annual sum of from All
£']OQ> Graduates- in Divinity incorporating are
Souls' College, in addition to £20^ per required to subscribe the Declaration of
annum, the stipend of a Fellow of the Assent. Graduates in Law and Medi-
College, a nominee of which is always cine can be incorporated only upon
to be a member of the board of electors passing the Examinations in those
to the office. The Professor is Montagu Faculties respectively, and they must
Burrows, M.A., Fellow of All Souls'. also have passed at their own Universi-
ties all the Examinations required for
History (Modern), The Re- the B.A. degree. No Graduate in any
gius Professor of, receives from Faculty can be incorporated without the
the University Chest a yearly sum of express consent of the Hebdomadal
;^300, together with the emolument of Council."
an ordinary Fellowship, and a further Indian History, Header in,
sum of ;^400 from Oriel College. The nominated by the Vice- Chancellor and
Professor is E. A. Freeman, M.A., Proctors, the Regius Professor of
D.C.L., Hon. Fellow of Trinity. Modern History, and the Professor of
Sanskrit, to hold office (except in the
Hostel.— (6V^ Halls.)
case of the present Reader, who is ap-
Icelandic Literature and pointed for life) seven years.
for He
Antiquities, The Reader in, is required to give lectures and informal
lectures twice a week during term time, instruction in Indian History and Geo-
and twice in those weeks gives informal graphy. He receives jfsso annually
instruction to those who desire it. His from the University Chest and certain
salary is ;^300 a year, and he may fees from students. Present Reader,
demand a fee of not more than £2 a Sidney J. Owen, M.A. Christ Church,
term from those receiving informal elected 1884.
IND-JES 70
Indian Institute.— The new Institutions.—The principal In-
building destined for the home of this stitutions for the study of Art, Letters,
society is placed at the east end of Broad and Antiquities are the Ashmolean
Street. The Institute is intended as a Museum, Bodleian Library, Rad-
social and literary club for natives ot CLiFFE Library, University Gal-
India and those otherwise interested in leries (and Ruskin Drawing School),
that country. It is hopedthat the holders and the University Museum, all of
of the Government Scholarships assigned which will be found described under
to natives of India will make the their respective heads.
academic home, and that
Institute their
the Indian civilians in training at the
University will do the same. The Interpretation of Holy
Committee are also desirous that the Scriptures, Professorship of
instruction and examination of the latter the. —This, which is called the Oriel
Professorship, is to be permanently
may before long be left entirely to the
Institute. The annexed and united to the Canonry of
Institute is also to
become a centre from which an Rochester Cathedral, heretofore annexed
interest
to the Provostship of Oriel College.
in Indian studies and Indian affairs may
spread through the University,
itself
The Professor must be in Priest's orders
of the Church of England, but the
so that those educated there may im-
Professorship is not tenable with a
bibe correct notions about the country.
benefice for the cure of souls. It may
JESUS COLLEGE.
Jesus College, Turl Street, opposite Exeter, was founded in 1571 by
Dr, Price, treasurer of St. David's, though Queen Elizabeth, who contri-
buted to the expense, is more generally recognised in that capacity.
Jesus was originally intended for Welshmen, a rule that has been departed
from, but is commemorated in some quaint lines in an old pamphlet, two
of which run ;
Hugo Preesh built this Collesh for Jesus Creesh, and the Welsh geesh,
Who —
love a peesch of toasted cheesh here it ish.
71 JES—JES
In the first quadrangle are the Chapel, Hall, and Library. The Chapel,
which was restored in 1864, is on the right. Over the entrance door, carved
in stone, is the motto, '' Ascendat oratio, descendat gratia." Beyond a good
east window the Chapel has little to detain the visitor. In the Hall is a
fine Jacobean screen and a good bay window. On the walls are some
portraits; Charles I., by Vandyck Charles II.; Sir Leoline Jenkins,
;
bust of whom will be found over the mantelpiece. The Library contains
some curious Welsh MSS., and in the bursary is an enormous punch-bowl,
holding ten gallons, while the ladle carries half a pint.
The notable names on the roll of Jesus College include many Bishops
of Bangor, Ossory, and Llandaff; Nash, the architect; Dr. James
Bandinel, the first Bampton lecturer; and others more or less known to
fame.
Visitor. Rev. William Hawker Hughes, M. A.
The Earl of Pembroke. Rev. Frederick Henry de Winton,
M.A.
Pri7zcipal.
David George Ritchie, M.A.
Hugo Daniel Harper, D.D., elected John Rhys, M.A.
in 1877.
Junior Bursar.
John Rougier Cohu, M.A.
John Griffiths, M.A.
Wallace Martin Lindsay, M.A.
Edward Ross Wharton, M.A
Vice-Principal, Lecturer, and Chaplain.
Honorary Fellows.
Rev. Llewelyn Thomas, M.A. Lewis Morris, M.A.
Dean a?id Chaplain. William Boyd Dawkins, M.A.
Rev. William Hawker Hughes, Whitley Stokes, Hon. D.C.L.
M.A.
ADMISSION.
Librarian.
David George Ritchie, M.A. The subjects for the Matriculation
Examination comprise Latin Prose Com-
Bursar.
position, Greek and Latin Grammar, the
John Rhys, M.A.
first two books of Euclid or Algebra,
Tutors. and portions of a Latin or a Greek author.
John Griffiths, M.A. The admission fee is £2 loj-., Caution
Rev. William Hawker Hughes, money ;^20.
M.A.
David George Ritchie, M.A. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
There are twenty-four Foundation
Assistant Tutor and Latin Lectwxr. Scholarships, four Meyricke Scholar-
Edward Ross Wharton, M.A. ships, and one King Charles I.'s Scho-
Lecturer in Theology. larship. Of these twelve Foundation
Francis Henry Woods, B.D. Scholarships are open without restriction
as to place of birth.
Lecturer in Law.
John Baron Moyle, B.C.L., M.A. The King Charles I.'s Scholarship is
restricted to candidates born in Jersey or
Lecturer in Natural Science. Guernsey or one of the islands adjacent
Edward Bagnall Poulton, M.A. to them, or educated for two out of the
Fellows. three years last preceding the election
Rev. Thomas Richards Morice, M.A. either at Victoria College, Jersey, or
John Griffiths, M.A. Elizabeth College, Guernsey.
Rev. Llewelyn Thomas, M.A The other Scholarships are restricted
JES-KEB 72
to candidates who
are either (i) natives may marry. The value of an ordinary
of Wales or Monmouthshire; or (2) sons Fellowship is ;^200 per annum.
of parents who have been resident in EXPENSES.
Wales or Monmouthshire for a period of The £2 1 per annum,
tuition fees are
not less than seven years immediately and the establishment charges amount
preceding the day of election ; (3) or have to about ;^I3 yearly. Rooms are let
a knowledge of and are able to speak the furnished from £S to £16 per annum.
Welsh language ; or (4) have been edu- Degree fees ;^3 is. each.
cated for the three years last preceding COLOURS.
the election (or last preceding their ma- Eight and Torpid white and green,
:
graduate members of the College. he may, if he think fit, treat of the prin-
ciples of laws in general, or of any other
FELLOWSHIPS. matters relevant to the subject of his
The totalnumber of Fellowships is Chair which he may judge to be advis-
not less than ten or more than fourteen. able." His emolument consists of an
Of these the Official Fellowships are not ordinary Fellowship at Corpus Christi
to exceed six at any time. They are College, in addition to a stipend, if he
tenable for seven years, and are renew- be resident, of ;^7C>o per annum, and if
able for similar periods. The value of iiot, ;^300 per annum. Two represen-
Official Fellowships is ;^300 a year each tatives of Corpus Christi College are
in addition to the emoluments of any always members of the board of electors
office which the Fellow may hold. Under to the office. The Professor is Frederick
certain circumstances Of&cial Fellows Pollock, M.A., Fellow of Corpus.
KEBLE COLLEGE.
Keble College nearly opposite the new University Museum in the
is
Parks and in Keble Road, which runs out of St. Giles's. This, the
youngest, and in many respects the most remarkable, of the Oxford
Colleges, was erected in 1868-70, in memory of the Rev. John Keble, the
author of "The Christian Year." A
sum of;^5o,ooo was subscribed for
the site and collegiate buildings, and the execution of the work was en-
73 KEB— KEB
trusted to Mr. Butterfield. Thegeneral intention of the foundation is to
provide University education for young men whose means do not enable
them to prosecute their studies at the older and more expensive Colleges,
and it is supposed to be especially adapted to the requirements of Divinity
students, although it is not confined to them. At the same time it is
stated in a somewhat deprecatory manner, that " it is not to be in any
invidious sense a poor man's College, though it will be possible to live
there on a smaller income than elsewhere.''
The present buildings are only a portion of the scheme intended
to be carried out, and, as Keble has already become very popular,
it is probable that the proposed extensions will not be long delayed.
The style of architecture adopted is that Decorated Gothic of the
thirteenth century which involves lavish use of many-coloured bricks
and stone dressings. Opinions vary greatly as to the general effects
attained, but there can be no doubt that a certain restless and uneasy
feeling is produced upon the spectator by the want of repose and tone
inseparable from this peculiar style of colouring. And if this feeling is
produced by the exterior of the buildings, it is intensified a thousandfold
in the interior of the Chapel. In this magnificent building, which was
erected at the cost of W. Gibbs, Esq., of Tyntesfield, near Bristol, and is
crowded with mosaic and other decorations of the most elaborate kind,
— —
there is actually it is not too much to say no single point to which the
eye can turn for relief or calm. The mosaics, according to the explana-
tion on a tablet in the vestibule, are intended to illustrate "after the
manner of The Christian Year,' " the successive dealings of God with
*
His Church, Patriarchal, Jewish, and Christian. The Chapel is open from
lo to noon, and from 2 to 4 in winter, and from 2 to 5.30 in summer.
It is always closed between noon and 2 o'clock. The Chapel attendant
is strictly forbidden to receive gratuities. The Hall is a handsomely
proportioned building, in strict consonance with the rest of the College,
and in the Library hangs Holman Hunt's famous picture, " The Light of
the World."
Visitor. Tutors.
The Archbishop of Canterbury. rev. Walter Lock, M.A.
Warden. Frederick William Spurling, M.A.
Rev. Edward Stuart Talbot, M.A. Rev. Aubrey Lackington Moore, M.A.
S ub- Warden ajid Librarian. Edward Bagnall Poulton, M.A.
Rev. Walter Lock, M.A. rev. W. J. Heathcote Campion, M.A.
Bursar. rev. George William Gent, M.A.
Henry Offley Wakeman, M.A. Henry Offley Wakeman, M.A.
Dean.
Rev. George William Gent, M.A. Council.
Lecturer in Law. Earl Beauchamp, M.A.
John Charles Wilson, M.A., B.C.L. Viscount Cranbrook, M.A.
Lecturer in Natural Science. John A. Shaw Stewart, M.A.
Sir John Conroy, Bart., M.A. William Bright, D.D.
Lecturer in Moder?i History. Henry Parry Liddon, D.D.
Dudley Julius Medley, B.A. Rev. Peter Goldsmith Medd, M.A.
Precentor. Henry Hucks Gibbs, M.A.
Charles Harford Lloyd, Mus. Bac. Right Rev. Edward King, D.D.
(1871), M.A. (1875). Hon. Charles Lindley Wood, M.A.
KEB— LAT 74
Frederic Bulley, D.D. Kennicott Hebrew Scliolar-
Lt.-Col. the Hon. William Edward
Sackville West, M.A.
—
ship. To this Scholarship, which is
worth about ;^i5o, and is tenable for
Rev. Richard Temple West, M.A. —
one year subject to certain conditions
ADMISSION. of residence, amounting in all to twenty-
The Examination
and the
is held in October,
subjects are, the Hecuba and
—
one weeks in the year the election takes
place in Trinity Term. Candidates must
Medea of Euripides, or the Ajax and have passed the Examination for the
Electra of Sophocles ; the Georgics degree of Bachelor of Arts, and must
or the first three books of the Odes not have exceeded twenty-eight terms
of Horace with the Ars Poetica ; the from matriculation.
first two books of Euclid or Algebra ;
Arithmetic, Greek and Latin Grammar, Lady Margaret Hall.— Lady
Latin Prose, and easy passages of Margaret Hall and Somerville Hall pro-
Greek and Latin not previously pre- vide for ladies advanced educational op-
pared. Except as to the two last portunities. At Lady Margaret, or Lady's
subjects, candidates who have passed Hall, the expense is about £7$ per
Examinations exempting from Respon- annum, in addition to about ;^I5 per
sions, are also exempt from this Ex- annum fees for instruction. Two Exhi-
amination. No fees are required. bitions were lately awarded —one of ;!f 35
a year for two years, and one of ;^25
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
Four or more Scholarships of the for three years. At Somerville Plall,
;^2i per term of eight weeks is charged
annual value of from £60 to /^8o are
awarded annually after Competitive
forboard and lodging; £6^ for the
Examination, and are practically open, whole year of three terms, which gene-
rally correspond to those of University
except that candidates must be members
of the Church of England, and below
residence. There is an extra charge
of ;^2 2s. for rooms in the new wing.
nineteen years of age. In a few cases
the limit is twenty years. Of these The lecture fees will amount to about
Scholarships, two at least are given for £1^ extra. One or more Exhibitions
are annually offered for competition.
Classics, one for Modern History, and
Full particulars in regard to these
one either for Natural Science or Mathe-
novel and useful institutions may be
matics. The Examination is generally
held at the beginning of the Easter obtained as to Lady Margaret Hall,
vacation.
from Miss Wordsworth, the princi-
pal, the Hon. Mrs. Talbot, Keble
EXPENSES.
An annual charge of £82, payable in College, or Mrs. A. H. Johnson, 22,
equal instalments at the beginning of Norham Gardens, Oxford; and as to
each term, covers rent, board, tuition, Somerville Hall, from the secretaries,
and all necessary expenses except wash- the Hon. Mrs. Harcourt, Cowley Grange,
ing, lights, and beer.
Oxford, and Mrs. T. H. Ward, 5, Brad-
Extras are pro-
vided according to the College tariff, and more-road, Oxford, or the Principal,
the maximum of the terminal account
Miss M. Shaw Lefevre.
for such matters is fixed at ^1^5. A
fee
Lampeter. St. David's Col-
of los. is charged for each degree.
lege.— {See Affiliated Colleges.)
COLOURS.
The Eight wear a white coat and Latin Language and Litera-
jersey, trimmed with red and .blue. ture, The Corpus Christi Pro-
The ordinary uniform is a blue coat, fessor of, is to lecture and give in-
trimmed with red and white cord, and structionon the History and Criticism of
straw hat with blue ribbon, with narrow^ the Latin Language and Literature, and
stripes of white and red. on the works of Classical Latin authors.
75 LAT— LAW
His emolument in addition to an
is, six terms. The Examination is held in
ordinary Fellowship of Corpus Christi Trinity Term. The names of candidates
College, "a stipend of ;^7oo per annum, must be given, with certificates of ma-
until the bequest of the late Professor triculation and of admission to the degree
John Conington for the endowment of of B.A., to the Superior Bedel of the
his Chair is received," and then **such Faculty of Law seven days before the
annual stipend as will, with the annual Examination, when payment of a fee of
sum arising from that bequest, amount 3(^1 is also required. The general sub-
to £700." Two representatives of jects of the Examination are Jurispru-
Corpus Christi College are always mem- dence (General or Comparative), Roman
bers of the board of electors to the Law, English Law, and International
office. The Professor is Henry Nettle- Law, and notice must be given to the
ship, M.A., Fellow of Corpus. Regius Professor of Civil Law, four
Iiatin laiterature, The weeks at least before the first day of
SiOader in, lectures twice a week Trinity Term, of the particular subdi-
during term time, and twice in those visions of those subjects which the
weeks gives informal His
instruction. candidate offers. The fee payable on
salaiy is £300 a and he may de-
year, taking the degree is £(i \os.
mand a fee of not more than £2 a Bachelors of Civil Law are, after five
term from those receiving informal in- years, eligible for the degree of Doctor of
struction. The Reader is Robinson Civil Law, and a candidate for the degree
Ellis, M.A., Fellow of Trinity. of D.C.L. is required to read publicly
may demand a fee of not more than £2. the precincts of the University for six
a term from those receiving informal months in each year, between the loth
instruction. The Reader is Thomas of October and the ist of July, and to
Raleigh, M.A., All Souls'. lecture twice a week during seven weeks
of each term, Easter and I'rinity Terms
Law (Englisli),The Vinerian being counted as one. He is also to
Professor of, "shall receive the give private instruction to students
annual proceeds of the trust estate of attending his lectures. His remunera-
Mr. Viner's Foundation remaining after tion is a sum of £4CK) a year from All
payment of the statutory emoluments of Souls' College, a nominee of which is
the scholars of that Foundation," and is always to be a member of the board of
also entitled to such a sum as will make electors to the office. The Reader is
his income, including his receipts from Erwin Grueber, Jur. Doc. Un. of
the Vinerian Foundation, ^/JOQ per Munich, M.A.
annum from All Souls' College, a repre-
sentative of which is always a mem- Lawn Tennis.— The University
ber of the board of electors to the Lawn Tennis Club has its grounds at
office. In addition the Professor receives the end of Norham Gardens, to the
an annual sum of ;^200 as a Fellow of north-east of the Parks. The entrance
the College. The Professor is Albert fee is £2^ and the terminal subscrip-
Venn Dicey, M.A., B.C.L., Fellow of tion IOJ-. Only Undergraduates are
All Souls'. eligible as members, on being proposed
and seconded in the usual form.
Law (International), The The Inter- University match on the
Chichele Professor of, is to All England Lawn Tennis Ground at
lecture and give instruction on Public Wimbledon in June, 1885, again resulted
and Private International Law, including, in the complete success of the Cam-
as a part of Public International Law, bridge men, who won in both the four
the history and obligation of Treaties. and the single-handed games. The
His emolument is an annual sum
of Oxford players were H. Pease, J.
:
77 LIN— LIN
LINCOLN COLLEGE.
L'lNCOLN College, Turl Street, next to Exeter and opposite to Jesus,
was founded in 1427 by Richard Flemyng, Bishop of Lincoln. The south
quadrangle was added by Bishop Rotherham in 1479. The entrance from
Turl Street is by a tower gateway with groined roof, and to the east of
the first quadrangle is the Hall, the exterior of which remains nearly in
its pristine state the interior was remodelled in 1701.
; The Chapel
was built in 1629 by Archbishop Williams. It is wainscoted with cedar,
and the heavy roof and screen are of the same wood. The seats are
surmounted by a number of carved figures which are said to be the work
of GrinUng Gibbons. There is some remarkable stained glass in the
windows, of which that in the east is particularly fine. The glass was
brought from Italy by Archbishop Williams, and is said to be at least
500 years old. It appears from the date (i 631) on the glass itself to have
been placed in the Chapel at that date. In the inner quadrangle is a
luxuriant vine, said to be cultivated in consequence of the heart of
Bishop Rotherham having been so touched by a sermon preached by Dr.
Tristoppe, the rector, from the text, '^ Behold and visit this vine," that he
was moved to build the second quadrangle. One of the principal names
associated with Lincoln is that of John Wesley, who was a Fellow of
Lincoln in 1726.
Visitor. Nathan Bodington, M.A.
The Bishop of Lincoln. Rev. Andrew Clark, M.A.
Rector. Samuel Alexander, B.A.
Rev. William Walter Merry, M.A., John Edward King, M.A.
elected 1884. William James Ashley, M.A.
Domestic Bursar.
ADMISSION.
Samuel Alexander, M.A.
Estates Bursar.
The Examinations are held at the
John Lancaster Gough Mow at, M.A. beginning of each term, and the sub-
Sub-Rector and Librarian. jects are: Latin Prose Composition
William Warde Fowler, M.A. unprepared Translations ; a portion of
Chaplain and Dean of Degrees. some Greek author and a portion of
Rev. Andrew Clark, M.A. some Latin author, such as are required
Tutors. in Responsions ; the first two books of
Rev.Andrew Clark, M.A. Euclid, or Algebra to Simple Equations
William Warde Fowler, M.A. inclusive, and Arithmetic. Candidates
Lecturers {hi common with Oriel College). holding certificates of the Oxford and
J. C. Wilson, M.A. {Philosophical). Cambridge Joint Board, or of having
Rev. W. W. Merry, M.A. {Classical).
passed an Examination accepted in lieu
Rev. J. R. King, M.A. {Classical).
Rev. a. G. Butler, M.A. {Classical). of Responsions, are excused this Exami-
W. W. Fowler, M.A. {Historical). nation. Admission fee £2> 3-^-» Caution
Rev. F. H. Hall, M.A. {Historical). money £30, of which £10 is returnable
Richard Lodge, M.A. {Historical). on taking the B.A. degree, and ;^io
E. A. Whittuck, M.A. {Jurisprudence). on taking the M.A. degree, and the
Rev. Andrew Clark, M.A. {Logic). balance on removal of the name from
Rev. R. H. Charsley, M.A. {Mathe- the College books.
matical).
Fellows. EXHIBITIONS, SCHOLARSHIPS, ETC.
Washbourne West, B.D. There are at present twelve Scholar-
Hugh Edward Pigott Platt, M.A. ships open without limitation of age, of
William Warde Fowler, M.A. the annual value of from £60 to £80,
LIN— LON 78
and tenable for four years. Under the radius round Carfax Church. The rooms
same conditions are the* Matthews and vary much in price, those in the High
Radford Scholarships. The Tatham Street being naturally the most ex-
Scholarship is awarded by preference pensive, while the cheapest, and by no
to persons born or educated in the means the least comfortable and cleanly,
county of Bucks. To two other are to be found in the newer portions of
Scholarships the Rector nominates. the town between Walton Street and
FELLOWSHIPS. the Woodstock Road. {See articles on
The Fellowships are ten in number, Reading and Expenses.)
and worth about per annum.
;!f300 Logic, The Wykeham Pro-
Holy Orders are obligatory within ten fessor of, is to lecture and give
years from admission, except on the two instruction on the principles of Logic,
Senior Lay Fellows. Except in the cases and connection with Mental Philo-
its
of the holders of the College livings of sophy, the Laws of Evidence, and
All Saints' and St. Michael's in Oxford, Natural Science. He is to receive
Fellowships are vacated by marriage. from the University Chest a yearly sum
EXPENSES. of ;^400, and also from New College
Tuition fees, £21 a year during resi- the emolument of an ordinary Fellow-
dence in Oxford. College charges, jf 3 ship and an annual sum of ;!^300. The
per term. Room-rent from £10 to j^'15 Warden of New College is always a
a year, furniture at a valuation. Degree member of the board of electors to the
fees, £^ 4>s". each. office. The Professor is Thomas Fowler,
COLOURS. M.A., President of Corpus.
Light blue and dark blue.
Eight wear a dark blue jersey with
The Long Vacation ii — Oxford
in the
Long Vacation a long torpor,
falls into
white stripes, dark blue coat with light
so far as University life is concerned.
blue edgings, and a mitre embroidered
By the end of June few members of
on the breast ; hat-ribbon, dark blue the College will be left there, save the
edged with light blue. Torpid the :
Examiners and such Undergraduates
same without the mitre. Ordinary
as pass through for their viva voce.
uniform blue coat with mitre on breast.
:
There is none of the systematic reading
laocal Examinations.— Dele- which goes on at Cambridge in the
gates are appointed by the University corresponding period, the Parks are
to conduct Examinations where there is deserted, and the river is almost aban-
effective demand for them, for youths doned to the Town Rowing Clubs and
or women, the standards of examination the College servants. But residence
being graduated with reference to age, in the town during the Long Vacation,
and pass certificates in the several for those who have friends among the
divisions, with Honour Certificates in stationary population, is most enjoy-
separate subjects, awarded to those able. Undergraduates whose homes
deserving of them. The Examinations are elsewhere are expected to obtain
are held simultaneously in all centres to leave from the Proctors to lodge in
which Examiners have been assigned. Oxford out of term time, which will be
The expenses of the Examination must in most cases readily granted, while
be guaranteed by the applicants for for a visit of a night or a few days only
the privilege. The Secretary to the this medieval regulation may be safely
Delegates is Mr. George E. Baker, ignored. Plenty of lawn tennis, cricket,
M.A., of Magdalen College. and boating and picnicking excursions
Lodgings. — Licensed Lodgings, are among the relaxations of resident
of which a list is issued terminally by Undergraduates in the Long, and at no
the Delegates of Lodging Houses, must time of year are the river and the
lie within a circle of a mile and a half country more attractive.
79 MAG— MAG
MAGDALEN COLLEGE.
Sx Mary Magdalen College, at the end of High Street, was founded
in '456by William of Waynflete, Bishop of Winchester, on the site of
an mcient hospital of St. John the Baptist, which afforded rest and
refreshment to the pilgrims to the shrine of St. Frideswide. The pilgrims'
wicket is still recognisable by persons who possess faith and a lively
imagination. The foundation-stone of the new College was laid in 1474.
If c>ny one thing can be said to be the best in such a wonderful
collection of combined architectural and natural beauties as is presented
by Oxford, Magdalen College has certainly the right to the first place.
Its situation is perfect, its buildings are most beautiful and interesting, and
among all the spires of Oxford there is not one so graceful as the tower of
Magdalen. The College is entered by a small door at the right of a gateway,
designed by Pugin as late as 1844, and the condition to which the stone
has been reduced in thirty-five years is conclusive proof, if proof were
needed, of the unfitness for its purpose of the material generally selected
for the buildings in the University. Opposite the entrance is the west
window of the Chapel, and in the south-west corner is a stone pulpit, from
which, on St. John the Baptist's Day, a sermon was preached, the court
being decorated with boughs and rushes to represent the wilderness. On
the opposite side of the court, in the gate-house, is the grand oriel window
of what is known as the Founder's Chamber. On the left of the court are
the President's apartments.
From the small court near the stone pulpit is a very good
view of the tower. The principal quadrangle is of the time of the
founder, and is one of the few cloistered quads in Oxford. Above
the cloisters are a number of grotesque figures of sandstone, which
were erected in honour of a visit of James I., and are in the maddest
style of emblematical art. Some idea of the peculiar notions of the
sculptor may be gleaned from the fact that the figure of a hippopotamus,
carrying his young upon his shoulders, is supposed to be the " emblem of
a good tutor or fellow of a College, who is set to watch over the youth
of a society, and by whose prudence they are to be led through the
dangers of their first entrance into the world." The strange wild fowl, by
which the artist has endeavoured to represent sins and vices, defy
description.
To the north of the great quadrangle is the new building erected
in 1733, and remarkable for the ingenuity of the architect in designing a
building which should be in all respects out of keeping with the ancient
and beautiful portions of the College. There is some compensation in
the gardens, and the water-walk along the Cherwell, just beyond the
gardens, is most beautiful. The walk to the left is named after Addison.
The Hall is remarkable for its oak wainscot, and contains portraits of
many distinguished men, alumni or benefactors of Magdalen, among
others the founder ; Cardinal Wolsey, who built the tower Cardinal
;
of Fellowships is to be not less than on the lines of the Eleanor crosses, and
thirty or more than forty. Of these erected at a cost of ;!^5,ooo. It is 73
Fellowships, four are attached to the feet in height. The statues of Bishops
four Waynflete Professors in the Univer- Latimer, Ridley, and Cranmer are by
sity, one to the Professorship of Botany, We ekes.
and one to the Professorship of Mine- Mathematical Scholarships.
ralogy. The Fellowships are divided — I. Senior. One senior scholar is
MAT— MED 82
elected every Hilary Term from candi- Preliminary Honour Examination in
dates who have passed all Examinations that school, is required to be examined
necessary for the degree of B.A., and in Chemistry or in Mechanics and
who have not exceeded the twenty-sixth Physics at this Examination. Tae sub-
term from matriculation. The Scholar- jects are : Human Anatomy and Physi-
ship is tenable for two years, condi- ology, Comparative Anatomy and
tionally on the scholar keeping his Physiology to a certain extent, and
name on the books of some College or those parts of Mechanical Philosophy,
Hall, and is worth £^o a year, with Botany, and Chemistry which illustrate
the addition for one year only of about Medicine. Every one intending to
;^20, derived from dividends of that be a candidate at either Examination is
moiety of Dr. Johnson's fund formerly required to give the Professor notice of
assigned to his mathematical scholar. his intention a fortnight at least before
Hence the holder is called the * 'Johnson the week in which the Examination is
University Scholar." to be held.
2. Junior. One junior scholar is Acandidate for the second Exami-
elected every Hilary Term from candi- nation must have completed eight terms
dates, who must be members of the from the date of his Testa?mir in the
University, who have not exceeded first Medical Examination, and must
eight terms from matriculation. The deliver to the Regius Professor satisfac-
annual value of the Scholarships is £^o tory certificates of his having attended
each, and they are tenable for two years, some hospital of good repute. The
conditionally on the scholar continuing subjects in this Examination are : the
his mathematical studies. Theory and Practice of Medicine,
including Diseases of Women and
Medicine, Degrees in.— Can- Children, the Materia Medica, Thera-
didates for the degree of Bachelor of peutics, Pathology, the Principles of
Medicine must have been admitted to Surgery and Midwifery, Medical Juris-
the degree of Bachelor of Arts; must prudence and General Hygiene. Can-
have had their names on the books of a didates will also be examined in two
College or Hall, or on the Register of of the four authors, Hippocrates,
Non-Collegiate Students, for twenty-six Aretoeus, Galen, and Celsus, or in one of
terms ; and must pass two Examinations, these and some modern author ap-
partly in writing and partly vwd voce. proved by the Professor. A fee of £i
The first Examination takes place in is payable before each of these Exami-
Trinity Term, and it is requisite that a nations ; after they are both passed, a
candidate should have completed eight further fee of £^ is required, and when
terms from the date of his Tesia7?iur in the degree is taken, one of £6 loj-.
one of the schools at the Second Public An Examination, open only to those
Examination for the degree of B.A. ; who have obtained the degree of B.M. in
unless he was placed in the first or the University of Oxford, is held yearly
second class in the School of Natural in Michaelmas Term in subjects bearing
Science, in which case, if he received on Preventive Medicine and Public
from the Public Examiners a special Health (Hygiene, Sanitary Law, Sani-
certificate of his attainments in Me- tary Engineering, and Vital Statistics).
chanical Philosophy, Chemistry, Botany, A fee of ;^5 is payable before, and
or Biology, he may be admitted to this another of £io after passing this Exami-
Examination at once, and need not then nation.
be examined again in any science speci- A Bachelor of Medicine, who has
fied insuch certificate. No candidate completed three years from the time
who has obtained Honours in the School of his admission to that degree and is
of Natural Science or has passed the desirous of proceeding to the degree of
83 MED— MER
Doctor of Medicine, required to read
is in each year two courses of lectures,
publicly within the precinct of the each course comprising at least eight,
schools, in the presence of the Regius He is to act as Examiner for degrees in
Professor, a dissertation composed by Medicine, " and shall perform such
himself on some Medical subject ap- other duties in relation to the teaching
proved by the Professor, and to deliver and study of Medicine in the University,
to him a copy of it. A
fee of ^40 is and be subject to such obligation, if any,
payable to the University on taking as to residence within the University, as
this degree. Bachelors of Medicine can, the University may, from time to time,
under certain conditions, procure the by Statute determine." The Professor-
license of the University to practise ship has now attached to it the Master-
Medicine, a license which is granted to ship of the Hospital at Ewelme, as well
Doctors ofMedicine as a matter of right. as the Aldrichian Professorship of the
Medicine, The Hegius Pro- Practice of Medicine. It is held by
fessor of (original emolument £40), Sir Henry Wentworth Acland, K.C.B.,
is, under the Statutes of 1882, to deliver D.M., late Fellow of All Souls'.
MERTON COLLEGE.
Merton College, King Street, was founded by Walter de Merton,
Lord Chancellor and Bishop of Rochester, 1264, and was originally estab-
lished at Maiden and Merton, in Surrey. It was subsequently removed
to Oxford as an endowment for scholars '^ qid 7ton religiosi viverentP
The principal quadrangle is entered through a gateway, over which are
figures of the founder and Henry III., and a singular piece of sculpture
representing the founder in full canonicals presenting a book to the Lamb
in the wilderness. Apes, unicorns, and other unusual animals figure in
the composition, in which also is St. John the Baptist. One of the
entrances to the Library quadrangle is under the treasury, with its high-
pitched fire-proof ashlar roof. The Library, the oldest in England, will
well repay a visit, and its oak screen, ancient settles and tables, and tiled
floor, give a good idea of the old-fashioned homes of learning ; and the
illusion is all the more perfect, as specimens of the old style of attaching
books to their shelves by chains are still exhibited. The Library is rich
in curious books and MSS., including a magnificent copy of Caxton's
Chaucer, with richly illuminated borders.
The principal features of the Chapel, which is the parish church
of St. John the Baptist, are its massive tower and great east window, with
Catherine wheel and rich tracery. The gurgoyles and corbels are
remarkably quaint. The ante-chapel and tower date from the beginning
of the fifteenth century. The tower has been recently restored, and the
floor of the bellringers' chamber has been removed to an open gallery
constructed for them, so that the whole of the arches and fine oak roof
are fully exposed to view from below. In the ante-chapel is the mural
monument of Sir Henry Savile, a former warden and provost of Eton
(died 1 621), which is ornamented with odd devices emblematic of his
fame as a traveller, and views of Merton and Eton. On the other side
of the organ is the monument of Sir Thomas Bodley, the founder of the
Bodleian Library, who died 161 2 and on the opposite wall is the monu-
;
of the choir of Henry Sever, warden in 1471, in cope and full canonicals ;
that in the north bearing the effigies of John Bloxham, warden, 1387, and
John Whytton, his friend, 1420, side by side under a Gothic canopy.
The fine brass lectern is inscribed " Orate pro ani7na magistri Johannis
Martok^'^ and is of the fifteenth century. The altar-piece is attributed to
Tintoretto. The very fine sedilia formed part of the original building.
The glass in the great east window is modern, but there is some very old
stained glass in the side and west windows.
Merton can count among its distinguished names those of half-a-dozen
Archbishops of Canterbury, five Irish Archbishops, and numerous Bishops,
besides several Romish Cardinals. Sir Thomas Bodley Harvey, the ;
discoverer of the circulation of the blood and " Dick Steele are among
;
''
85 MER— Mir*
innumber, of the annual value of ^80 along the crest of a stone-faced weir,
each, inclusive of rooms and all the walk runs for half a mile or more
allowances. They are tenable for two between willows, alders, and hawthorn
years, renewable for a further period of bushes to the small disused mill which
two years, and under special circum- stands at the end of the dam. On the
stances for yet a further period of one left hand lies the mill head, sluggish
year. Two of them are reserved for and reedy, on the
right is the old bed of
candidates educated at Eton College. the stream, still carrying water enough
They are assigned in rotation to Classics, to be navigable by dingeys and canoes as
Mathematics, and Natural Science. The far as the weir above mentioned, where
limit of age is nineteen. there is a portage to the water above. It
The Exhibitions are four in number is, by-the-bye, advisable to make the
and of the annual value of £60 each. portage earlier, about half-way between
Except that there is no limit as to age, the mill and the weir, as the dam is
they are subject to the same conditions broader and deeper. The walk is well
as the Postmasterships. There is also gravelled. Seats are provided at inter-
an Exhibition Fund, which is formed for vals. The meadows on either hand are
the purpose of assisting poor students in spring-time splendid with marsh mari-
and of promoting study among the gold ; later, they wave thick the coarse
Undergraduates. herbage which roughens all the water-
meadows of the Thames. The termi-
FELLOWSHIPS.
nation of the walk as at present arranged
The
Statutes of 1882 provide for not
is, alas !ignoble and disappointing.
fewer than nineteen or more than twenty-
six Fellows. Fellows who are Tutors
From the philosophic calm of the willow
or Lecturers receive in addition to the
avenue one issues upon the dreary
actualities of St. Clement's Church
ordinary emolument ;if 100 a year from
the Marston Road, with its selvage of
the Corporate Revenue, and a payment
out of the Tuition Fund, and such Fellows
mud-heaps ; and all the squalid bustle
are, under certain conditions, permitted
of St. Clement's parish. The natural
continuation of Mesopotamia is the now
to marry.
private walk, sacred to the Fellows
EXPENSES.
of Magdalen College, which runs
Tuition fees, £7 Ts. per term. Re-
sidents in College pay about ;£" 12 a year
from the mill along the left bank of
the Cherwell to the north-east corner
for servants. Room-rent from ;f 10 to
of Magdalen Field, there crossing a
^18 i8j-. per annum. Degree fees, ^2
bridge, bristling with churlish spikes,
each.
into the Magdalen Walks. That this
COLOURS.
The Eight wear a white jersey path should not be at least as public as
those walks must always seem, to all
trimmed with red, red cross on breast
and arm, blue jacket trimmed with red but Magdalen Fellows, a blot and
and white cord, red and white hat- blemish on the perfection of Oxford.
ribbon with red cross.
Mineralogy, The Waynflete
Mesopotamia (Water Walks).— Professor of, is to lecture and give
This is one of those long embanked instruction on the structure, composi-
walksjbetween shady leafage and shining tion, physical and chemical properties
streams, which give an impression of of Mineral Substances. He is entitled
Oxford as the most quietly luxurious to receive from the University Chest the
city in the world. Starting from near the sum of jfioo a year, in addition to an
south-east corner of the Parks at Parson's annual sum of ^200 and the stipend of
Pleasure, where the path leading to that an ordinary Fellowship from Magdalen
bathing-place crosses a wooden bridge College, the Visitor and President of
1VIIN— NEW 86
which are always members of the board An interval of five years, passed
of electors to the office. The Professor either in the study or practice of Music,
is M. H. N. Story-Maskelyne, M.A., has to elapse before a Bachelor of Music
Hon. Fellow of Wadham. can present himself as a candidate for
the degree of Doctor of Music. Another
Moderations.— l^*^^ Arts, De-
grees IN.) Examination in writing has then to be
Museum. — {See University
passed, and the candidate must also
compose a piece of vocal music of eight
Museum.)
parts, with an accompaniment for a full
Music, Degrees in.— Candidates orchestra, which must be performed in
for the degree of Bachelor of Music are public, and a copy of it deposited in
under no obligation in regard to resi- the Music School. The fee payable to
dence or academical standing ; they the University on taking the degree of
must, however, have matriculated, and Doctor of Music is ^10.
passed either Responsions or one of the
Examinations accepted in their stead. Music, Professor of. — The
A fee of £2 is payable before each of chair was instituted by Dr. William
the two parts into which the Examina- Heather, and its stipend consists ot
tion isdivided.
;^ioo per annum from the University
The first of the Examinations takes Chest, and ^^30 per annum from the
place in Hilary Term. It is partly in
Creweian Benefaction. The Professor
writing and partly vivd voce, and its isnominated by the Vice-Chancellor,
subjects are Harmony and Counterpoint the Warden of New College, the Presi-
in not more than four parts. dent of Magdalen College, the Dean of
The second part of the Examination Christ Church, the President of St. John's
takes place in Michaelmas Term, and College, the Proctors, the Savilian Pro-
fessors, and the Professor of Poetry,
is conducted in like manner to the
first, the subjects being Harmony, subject to the approval of Convocation.
Counterpoint in not more than five He is to lecture once or more in each
parts. Musical History, the use of
term upon the Theory of Music, with
Musical Instruments, and the form of vocal or instrumental illustrations when
such works of distinguished composers suitable. Present Professor, Sir F. A.
as may be selected by the Professor of Gore Ouseley, Bart., M.A., Mus. Doc.
Music. No candidate can present him- Christ Church.
self for the second Examination without Music School. — In the same quad-
having passed the first, and must have rangle as the Divinity School is the old
composed a piece of music in five-part Music School. Here will be found por-
harmony, with an accompaniment for traits of Dr. Croft, Henry Lawes, Lord
at least five stringed instruments, and Crewe, Dr. Child, Thomas Blegrave,
if the composition is approved, a copy Dr. Boyce, Dr. Burney, Plandel, and
of it must be deposited in the Music John Bull. Round the latter is painted
School. When both Examinations have t he following legend :
NEW COLLEGE.
New College, New College Lane, was founded, and for the most part built
by William of Wykeham, the first stone having been laid 1380. The
entrance to the College is not very promising but the quadrangle, which
;
ORIEL COLLEGE.
Oriel College, opposite Corpus and the Canterbury Quadrangle entrance
to Christ Church, was founded by Adam de Brome in 1324, and reconsti-
tuted by Edward II. in 1326. The origin of the name is very doubtful. It
is said that the building which originally stood here was a monastery of Le
Oriole, but it does not seem that the authority for this statement is to be
relied on. The buildings of Oriel are not so remarkable as those of many
other Colleges, but are very picturesque, and present an appearance of
greater age than they can in fact lay claim to. Entering from Oriel
Street, the Chapel and Hall are on the opposite side of the quadrangle.
In the centre of the block of buildings stand three statues, of Edward II.,
Edward III., and the Virgin Mary. The Chapel is plain, and there is
ORI— ORI 90
of interest in the Hall except its excellent roof and a few portraits.
little
The College possesses, among other rare plate, a cup of Edward II., and
one of Bishop Carpenter, 1476. The common room contains a picture by
Vasari, but is most interesting from its associations connected with the
days of the early activity of such men as John Henry Newman, Keble,
Arnold, Wilberforce, and Pusey. Oriel also claims the following cele-
brated men Bishop Butler, author of the " Analogy of Religion ; " Sir
:
Walter Raleigh ; and Gilbert White, author of the " Natural History of
Selborne." The Library has been rebuilt, and is of comparatively modern
date (1788). Indeed, none of the buildings are older than 1620.
Visitor. Edward Poste, M.A.
The Queen. Henry Parker, M.A.
Provost. Rev. Arthur Gray Butler, M.A.
David Binning Monro, elected in 1882. James Bryce, D.C.L.
Dean. Charles Lancelot Shadwell, M.A.
Rev. Francis Henry Hall, M.A. William James Lewis, M.A.
Rev. Francis Henry Hall, M.A.
Sub-Dean and Librarian.
Rev. John Richard King, M.A.
John Cook Wilson, M.A. John Cook Wilson, M.A.
Treasurer. Rev. Lancelot Ridley Phelps, M.A.
Charles Lancelot Shadwell, M.A. Francis Charles Montague, B.A.
Regizis Professor of Modern History. Edward Augustus Freeman, M.A.,
Edward Augustus Freeman, M.A., Hon. D.C.L.
Hon. D.C.L. Honorajy Fellows.
Oriel Professor of the Interpretation of Right Rev. James Eraser, D.D.
Holy Scripture. GOLDWIN Smith, M.A., Hon. D.C.L.
Vacant. Very Rev. Richard William Church,
Tutors. M.A.,Hon. D.C.L.
Rev. Arthur Gray Butler, M.A. Right Hon. George Joachim Goschen,
Rev. Francis Henry Hall, M.A. M.A., Hon. D.C.L.
Rev. John Richard King, M.A. RobertSamuel Wright, M. A., B.C. L.
John Cook Wilson, M.A.
Lecturer. ADMISSION.
Rev. Lancelot Ridley Phelps, M.A. An Examination is held in every term,
Lecturers {in co?nmon with Lincoln the subjects being the same as are re-
College). quired for Responsions, together with
J. C.Wilson, M.A. {Philosophical). translation papers from Greek and Latin
Rev. J. R. King, M.A. {Classical). authors. The admission fee is ;^5 ; and
Rev. W. W. Merry, M.A. {Classical). the Caution money for scholars, exhi-
Rev. a. G. Butler, M.A. {Classical). bitioners,and clerks, jfio, and for
W. W. Fowler, M.A. {Historical). commoners, £2,0, returnable on removal
Rev. F. H. Hall, M.A. {Historical).
of name from College books.
Richard Lodge, M.A. {Historical).
Edward Arthur Whittuck, M.A. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
{Jurisprudence).
There are ten Scholarships, open to
Rev. Andrew Clark, M.A. {Logic).
Rev. Robert Hervey Charsley, M.A. persons under the age of nineteen, of
{Mathematical). the annual value of £2>o each, and four
Other Lecturers. Exhibitions, known as Adam de Brome's,
F. H. Woods, B.D. {Divinity). of a like value, and confined to those
Rev. Lancelot Ridley Phelps, M.A. who have need of support at the Uni-
[Political Economy). versity. These Scholarships and Ex-
Fellows. hibitions are tenable for four years,
Drummond Percy Chase, D.D. which may be extended to a further
9' ORI— PE^t
term of one year. In addition to at a valuation. The degree fees are i
these are three Robinson Exhibitions, B. A., ^4 2s. 6d, ; and M.A., £S is.
tenable for three years, and worth about
£s8 per annum, open to all members of COLOURS.
the College ; four Beaufort Exhibitions, The Eight wear a white jersey and
tenable for seven years, of the annual coat, trimmed with three blue stripes,
value of £2^ each, and restricted to white straw hat, with ribbon of two-
norninees of the Duke of Beaufort, or to white stripes on a blue ground. Ordi-
natives of Gloucestershire, Monmouth- nary uniform: blue, with College arms.
shire, and Glamorganshire ; two Ireland Oriel Professorship.— (^^^ In-
Exhibitions, of the annual value of ;^30 terpretation OF Holy Scriptures
each; and two Bible Clerkships for Professorship.)
persons in need of assistance at the
University, of the annual value of ^100 Parliamentary Constitu-
each, and tenable for three or four ency. —
The electoral body for the
years from matriculation. The Hughes return of the two University Members
to Parliament consists of the whole
Scholarships, of about £70 per annum,
are open to members and sons of House of Convocation, who may re-
members of certain co-operative societies. cord their votes either in person or
The next Scholarship Examination will by duly attested proxy. The present
begin on January 12, 1886. Burgesses representing the University
are: Right Hon. Sir John Robert
FELLOWSHIPS. Mowbray, M.A., Hon. D.C.L., Hon.
These are divided into Ordinary and
Student of Christ Church, Hon. Fellow
Tutorial, the former not to exceed nine,
of Hertford ; John Gilbert Talbot, M. A.
and the latter five, in number. In
Christ Church, Hon. D.C.L.
addition to the emolument of an
Ordinary Fellow, a Tutorial Fellow Pastoral Theology, Kegius
receives a sum of not less than ;^i5o a Professor of, is to reside in the
year, rising to a maximum of ;^6oo. University for six months in the aca-
They are appointed for a period not demical year, to lecture six weeks in
exceeding fifteen years, with power of every term, three times in the week,
extension, and under certain circum- giving due preliminary notice of the
stances are permitted to marry. course. He is required by Statute to-
EXPENSES. hold catechetical lectures for classes of
The tuition fees are ;,f2i per annum ; limited numbers. A
Canonry of Christ
College charges, for residents in College Church is annexed to this Professorship,,
which is filled by Rev. F. Paget, M.A.
;^22, and for residents out of College
£7 los. per annum ; the average annual Peckwater.— (5V^ Christ
room-rent is £1 1. Furniture to be taken Church.)
PEMBROKE COLLEGE.
Pembroke College, founded in 1624 by Richard Wightwick and named
after the then Chancellor of the University, in St. Aldate Street, is entered
by a very fine gateway, with a handsome oriel. It consists of two quad-
rangles. The Hall, which was built in 1848, has a good roof. The founder's
arms decorate the windows, and on the walls are a few portraits, in-
cluding Charles I. Queen Anne and Dr. Johnson, who was a servitor
; ;
PEM— PEM 92
treasured. The College
possesses a small collection of plate, including
some seventeenth century cups and a handsome chalice.
Bishop Bonner; George Whitefield ; Pym, the patriot; Camden,
the historian and Sir Thomas Browne, of the " Religio Medici ;" were
;
educated at Pembroke.
Visitor. the annual value of £80 each inclusive ;
The Chancellor of the University. and there are two other Open Scholar-
Afaster. ships of the annual value of /115 and
Evan Evans, D.D., elected in 1864. £go respectively. There are also a
Vice-gereni. number of Scholarships, varying in
Rev. Bartholomew Price, M.A. yearly value from £60 to £80, and re-
Senior Dean and Chaplain, stricted to certain schools.
Rev. R. G. Livingstone, M.A. There are two Exhibitions, value
Junior Dean. ;^5o a year each, restricted to natives of
Alfred Thomas Barton, M.A. the Channel Islands and scholars from
Senior Bursar. Victoria College, Jersey, and Elizabeth
John L. G. Mowat, M.A. College, Guernsey ; and other Exhibi-
Junior Bursar. tions given to members of the College
Charles Leudesdorf, M.A. who may need assistance in the prose-
Mathematical Lecturer. cution of their studies. The Examina-
Charles Leudesdorf, M.A. tion for open Scholarships will be held
Classical Lecturer. in June or July, 1886.
George Wood, M.A.
Divinity Lecturer. FELLOWSHIPS.
Rev. Douglas Macleane, M.A. Fellowships are not to be fewer than
Lecturer. three Ordinary, or more than five
Rev. Arthur Henry Johnson, M.A., Tutorial. The emoluments of the latter,
All Souls' College. which are tenable for ten years, and
Tutors. renewable for similar periods, are, in
Alfred Thomas Barton, M.A. addition to the payment of an Ordinary
Rev. R. G. Livingstone, M.A.
Fellow, £50 per annum from the Cor-
Fellows. porate Revenue, and a varying payment
Rev. Bartholomew Price, M.A.
Henry William Chandler, M.A. from the Tuition Fund. A Tutorial
Alfred Thomas Barton, M.A. Fellowship is vacated by marriage*
'Rev. R. G. Livingstone, M.A. Two of the Fellows are called Shep-
John L. G. Mowat, M.A. pard Fellows, and of these one must be
Charles Leudesdorf, M.A. called to the Bar, and the other proceed
George Wood, M.A. to the degree of D.M.
Charles W. M. Moullin, D.M.
Rev. Douglas Macleane, M.A. EXPENSES.
Thomas Frederick Tout, M.A. The tuition fee is;^23 annually for
Honorary Fellow. all residents, until the B.A. degree is
Right Rev. John Mitchinson, D.C.L. taken. Residents in College pay about
ADMISSION. ;^2i per annum for College dues and
The Examination is held two days charges, and the annual room-rent varies
before the beginning of term, the sub- from eight to sixteen guineas. Degree
jects being the same as those required fees, B. A., ^7; M.A., £5.
able on taking the M.A. degree. with cerise ribbon, white coat with
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. cerise binding and a rose on the breast
There are eight Open Scholarships of white jersey trimmed with cerise, white,
93 PEM— PHY
and blue.Ordinary uniform blue coat
: instruction on the principles of Moral
with cerise and white cord binding. Philosophy, and on Ancient and
Philology (Coniparative),The Modern Ethical Systems. In addition
Corpus Ohristi Professor of, to the emoluments derived from the
is to lecture and give instruction on the
benefaction of Thomas Whyte, D.D.,
history and Comparative Philology of he is to receive from Corpus Christi
different languages. He is entitled to College, in addition to the stipend of an
a stipend of ^£"700 per annum, in addi- Ordinary Fellowship, such a sum as will,
tion to the emoluments of an Ordinary together with any other emolument of
Fellowship, from Corpus Christi College, the chair, except fees, make up £700
a member of which is always on the per annum. Two representatives of
board of electors to the office. The Corpus Christi College are always on
Professor is F. Max Miiller, M.A., the board of electors to the office. The
Fellow of All Souls'; Deputy-Professor, Professor is William Wallace, M.A.,
Archibald Henry Sayce, M.A., Fellow Fellow of Merton.
of Queen's. Philosophy (Natural), The
Philosophy (Experimental), Sedleian Professor of, shall
The Professor of, *' shall lecture lecture and give instruction in Mathe-
and give instruction on some part or matical Physics. He is entitled to the
parts of Experimental Philosophy, com- emoluments derived from the bene-
prehending under that designation the faction of Sir William Sedley, and to
mechanics of solid and fluid bodies, an income from the funds of Queen's
sound, light, heat, electricity, and College, which is thus described in the
magnetism." He shall be entitled, Statutes approved in 1882 "The yearly
:
from various sources, including annual sum of ^270 now payable to the
payments from Wadham College and Sedleian Professor of Natural Philo-
, the University Chest, to an annual sum, sophy shall continue to be paid to him
exclusive of fees, of not less than £500 by the College. This sum shall, when
per annum, which amount, "when in and as the revenues of the College will
the judgment of the University its admit, be raised to such an amount as,
revenue shall be sufficient, is to be added to the income of the funds or
raised to not less than ;if 700 or more property constituting the endowment of
than ;^900 per annum, exclusive of the Professorship, will amount to ;!^900 a
fees. " The Professor is Robert Bellamy year." The Provost of Queen's College
Clifton, M.A., Fellow of Merton and of is always a member of the board of
Wadham. electors to the office. The Professor is
Philosophy (Moral and Bartholomew Price, M.A., Fellow of
Metaphysical), The Waynflete Pembroke.
Professor of, is to lecture and give Physics, Dr. Lee's Reader
on the principles and history
instruction in. —
Except as regards the subject-
of Mental Philosophy, and on its con- matter of the lectures, the duties and
nection with Ethics. He is to receive, emoluments of this office are identical
in addition to the emoluments of a with those attached to the Readership in
Fellowship, the annual sum of £600 Anatomy [which see). The Reader is
from Magdalen College, the Visitor Robert E. Baynes, M.A., Student of
and President of which are always Christ Church.
members of the board of electors to the Physiology, The Waynflete
office. The Professor is Henry William Professor of, is to lecture and give
Chandler, M.A., Fellow of Pembroke.
on Human and Comparative
instruction
Philosophy Moral), Whyte's
( Physiology, with Histology, and is
Professor of, is to lecture and give entitled to receive, in addition to the
PHY— POR 94
emoluments of a Fellowship, the an- Political Economy, The Pro-
mial sum of £600 from Magdalen fessor of, is entitled to the emolu-
College, the Visitor and President of ments derived from the benefaction of
which are always members of the board Henry Drummond, Esquire, and also,
of electors to the office. The Professor to such a sum from All Souls' College
is John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, M.A., as, together with what he shall receive
Fellow of Magdalen. from Mr. Drummond's foundation, shall
—
The amount to £300. Furthermore he is to
Poetry, Professor of.
receive ;^200 a year as the stipend of
chair of Praelectorof Poetry was
his Fellowship in the College, a repre-
founded by John Birkhead, of All
sentative of which is always on the
Souls' College, in 1708. The Professor
board of electors to the office. The
is to deliver one lecture on Poetry
Professor is Bonamy Price, M.A., Hon.
during each term ; he is to be elected
Fellow of Worcester. {See also Cobdei;*
by Convocation for a period of five Prize.)
years, and may be once re-elected. His
successor must not be chosen from the
same College. The endowment is fixed —
Polo. The playing ground of the
at;^ioo per annum. The Professorship Polo Club is situated at Cowley, upont
is at present (Sept., 1885) vacant. the hill above the College Cricket
Ground, not far from the Military
Police, University.—There are
College. The Club consists chiefly oi
ten "Delegates of University Police" members of Christ Church and Merton
— viz., the Vice-Chancellor, the Pro- College.
Vice- Chancellor, the Proctor, and three The Inter-University match was
resident members of Convocation, played at Hurlingham on June 20,
nominated in Convocation by the 1885, when the Oxford team, consisting
Proctor. These Delegates form, with of Mr. R. Lawson, Viscount Valletort
other persons appointed by the City, a Lord W. Bentinck, and Mr. J. M,
PoHce Committee for the government Fuller, defeated Mr. W. F. Inge, Mr^
of the joint force of University and City R. D. Harrild, Mr. W. G. Rutherford^
Police. Each Proctor appoints his and Mr. W. D. Cunliffe-Smith, whd
own attendant, who receives ;^30 from represented Cambridge, by 7 goals to 3,
the University Chest. Besides these
special attendants there are not
more than eleven ''Proctors' ser- Port Meadow.— This is the town
vants" ("Bulldogs"), the head of .
meadow of the city of Oxford, whose
whom is styled the Marshal. They freemen have the right of grazing stock
are nominated by the Delegates, under thereupon. It is a magnificent stretch of
the Oxford Police Act. A certain marshy turf, extending from below
number are specially appointed to Medley Lock to Godstow, between the
railway and the river. It measures
watch the river. The University Police
Station (" Spinning House") is in the some two miles in length, and from
basement of the Clarendon Building, in one-half to three-quarters of a mile in
Broad Street. One thousand pounds breadth. The turf is sodden and spongy,
per annum is allowed for the expenses and only dry during the summer
of the University Police, with special months. In winter, when the floods
allowance for such special constables are high, it forms a fine sailing-ground
as it may be thought necessary to for centreboards, which can be hired at
appoint, and an annual contribution of the lock. When well frozen it is one
about ^1,200 is made from the Uni- of the best of the many good skating-
versity Chest to the expenses of the grounds to be found round Oxford in
Joint Police. hard winters.
)
95 POS— PRO
Postmasters. — {See Merton their ofEce shortly after Easter they
:
College, under head Scholarships, are selected from certain Colleges and
ETC. Halls in a fixed rotation determined by
A
Private Halls.— Statute passed what is called the Procuratorial Cycle,
in 1882, in substitution for one of 1855, extending over a period of thirty years.
enacts that any member of Convocation Each Proctor is chosen by his College,
above the age of twenty-eight may, from among those who have passed their
under certain conditions, obtain from fourth, but not attained their sixteenth
the Vice-Chancellor, with the consent year from the taking of/ their Master's
of the Hebdomadal Council, a license degree. The form of their admission to
to open a suitable building as a Private office in Convocation is very analogous
Hall for the reception of academical to that followed at the election of the
students with the title of Licensed Vice-Chancellor. Each Proctor nomi-
Master, and make provision for the nates two deputies, or Pro- Proctors, who
oroper government of the students are bound by the same oaths. It is one
ander his charge. They are subject special duty of the latter to *' range the
to all the Statutes of the University, streets, lanes, eating-houses, and wine-
and they partake in its privileges and shops during sermon-time, when more
are admissible to its degrees in the same especially the younger sort are in the
way as other students. {See Chars- habit of patrolling the streets in disre-
ley's Hall, Turrell's Hall.) gard of the laws of the University." It
is the Proctors' duty to look after the
Prizes (College).— At most Col-
business of the University, to be as-
leges of books are given to
prizes
those who take first-class Honours in sessors of the Chancellor or Vice-
Moderations or the Final Schools, Chancellor in the causes heard in the
generally to the value of £5 and ;^io University, to count the votes in the
respectively. Prizes are also given
Houses of Convocation and Congre-
at the periodical College Examina- gation and to report the result to the
tions, which have attached themselves Vice-Chancellor, to sit with the Vice-
to the *' Collections " held at the end Chancellor at the granting of degrees,
of each term ; these, and occasional to attend the Hebdomadal Council, to
prizes for College essays, etc., rise to sing or read the Litany at the com-
QUEEN'S COLLEGE.
Queen's College, High Street, was founded in 1340 by Robert de Egles-
field, Chaplain to Queen Philippa. The present buildings are compara-
tively modern, being the work of Wren and Hawksmoor, and dating from
1 7 14. The first quadrangle is entered under a cupola containing the
statue of Caroline, the consort of George II. The buildings are plain,
and of no particular interest. The Chapel is chiefly remarkable for its
windows and marble pillars. The Hall, like all Christopher Wren's
rooms, is of fine proportions, and has a lofty arched roof. On the walls
are portraits and armorial bearings of the founder and benefactors to the
College, including several kings and queens. The procession of the
Boar's Head is an annual custom at Queen's on Christmas Day, and is
carried out with much pomp and antique ceremony. There is another
odd custom on New Year's Day, when the Bursar presents to each guest
a needle and thread, with the words '' Take this and be thrifty." With
:
cup of Provost Bost (1503) ; and the brasses of Robert de Eglesfield and
Dr. Langton (1518).
QUE--QUE 98
Its celebrities include Henry V. and the Black Prince ; Cardinal
Beaufort, and John Wicliff, the translator of the Bible. Addison was
also for a short time at Queen's College.
Visitor. ADMISSION.
The Archbishop of York. Examinations take place several times
Provost. in the course of the year, the subjects
John Richard Magrath, D.D., elected being : Greek and Latin Grammar
in 1878.
Translations from English into Latin
Dean.
Prose ; the Hecuba and Alcestis of
Rev. Thomas Hodge Grose, M.A.
Euripides ; the first five books of the
Settlor Biirsar. ^neid, or equivalents; Arithmetic; and
Edward Armstrong, M.A. the first two books of Euclid, or Algebra
Junior Bursar. to Simple Equations inclusive. The
Albert Curtis Clark, M.A. admission fee is ;!^5, or for students of
Librai'ian. Music, £\ loj. The Caution money
Rev. Robert Lowes Clarke, M.A. for scholars is ;!f 15 ; for commoners,
Chaplain. £ZO, returnable in equal proportions
Rev. Robert Powley, M.A. at the B.A. degree, the M.A. degree,
and removal of the name from the
Precentor.
Hodge Grose, M.A. College books.
Rev. Thomas
Tutors. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
Rev. Thomas Hodge Grose, M.A. There are twenty open Foundation
Rev. Robert Lowes Clarke, M.A. Scholarships, of the inclusive annual
Lecturers. value of ;i^8o, one of which is awarded
Edward Armstrong, M.A. every year for Mathematics, and one
Edwin Bailey Elliott, M.A. for Natural Science. Five Eglesfield
Rev. Edward Mewburn Walker, M.A. Scholarships of a like value are open to
Albert Curtis Clark, M.A. natives of Cumberland and Westmore-
Edward Moore, D.D.
land, the limit of age for both Founda-
John Charles Wilson, M.A., B.C.L.
George Francis Lovell, B.D. tion and Eglesfield Scholarships being
Fellows.
nineteen years. The Jodrell Scholar-
ship in Classics and Divinity, of the
Henry George Mad an, M.A.
George Augustus Simcox, M.A. annual value of £90, and tenable for
John White, M.A. four years, is awarded every fourth year,
Edward Armstrong, M.A. being open to persons under twenty
Edward Bond, M.A. years of age, the candidate who most re-
Rev. Archibald Henry Sayce, M.A. quires assistance to have the preference.
Rev. Thomas Hodge Grose, M.A. Two Bible Clerkships, worth £80 a
Rev. Francis David Morice, M.A. year each, with free lodging, are in the
Rev. Robert Lowes Clarke, M.A. gift of the Provost.
Henry Wm. Gegg Markheim, M.A. The twenty- five Hastings Exhibitions,
Edwin Bailey Elliott, M.A.
Rev. Edwd. Mewburn Walker, M.A. of the value of £90 per annum each,
Albert Curtis Clark, M.A. are open without restriction of age to
William Edward Long, B.A. candidates from certain schools in Cum-
berland, Westmoreland, and Yorkshire.
Honorary Fellows.
Other close Exhibitions are the Fitz-
Rev. Bartholomew Price, M.A. :
Samuel Birch, Hon. D.C.L. gerald, worth ;^66 per annum, tenable
Rev. John Pentland Mahaffy, M.A. for seven years, and open, without re-
Dublin. striction of age, to natives of Middlesex
Henry Schliemann, Hon. D.C.L. the Thanet, annual value £41, open to ,
99 QUE— RAD
allpersons educated at Appleby School Some sets are let furnished. Degree
the Fox, ^34 ioj". per annum, for four fees: B.A., B.Mus., £2;
£$ 5^. ;
years, limited to natives of Cumberland D.Mus., £-3; M.A., £2, 6s.
and Westmoreland, not more than
twenty-one years of age, who have been COLOURS.
Blue coat, white edging, one red
educated at St. Bees School ; the Dixon
eagle on breast ; ribbon, three white
(two), each worth £t,6 per annum, for
stripesand two blue. The Eight wear
four years, open in one case to all
the same coat with white shield and
natives of Whitehaven, and in the other
three eagles on breast ; same ribbon,
to natives of that place who have been
but broader. The Eleven wear a coat
educated at St. Bees, the age of can-
and cap striped blue and white.
didates not to exceed twenty-one ; the
Wilson (two), one value £22, open to Rabbinical Iiiterature, Tlie
persons educated at Kirkby-Lonsdale l^eader in, lectures twice a week for six
School; the other, value £17, to per- weeks in each term, and twice in those
sons educated at Kendal School. There weeks he gives informal instruction. His
are also numerous minor Exhibitions, stipend is 3^200 a year, and in addition
and also five others of importance, he may charge £2 a term to those who
which, although tenable at the College, receive informal instruction. The Reader
are not awarded by it. In the course is Adolf Neubauer, M.A., Exeter.
morning^«"'w ork. .Much may be ksrnt ,, tion. This will not take long, and it
especially in the earlier part of the pre- will be found a useful habit.
paration for a school, from lectures, The most fortunate man in the matter
but their value varies very much, of lectures is he who has not more than
according to the talent of the lecturer, two in any morning, and these in con-
the school for which the student is secutive hours. If one can get his two
reading, and the particular subject or three hours' private morning reading
lectured on in that school. Those regularly throughout residence, that
which are to be attended will be selected will be a great deal towards the maxi-
for the Undergraduate at first by his mum of application necessary. It is
College authorities, more liberty of easiest to read in the mornings ; they
choice being permitted to himself are a time universally understood to be
towards the end of his time, especially dedicated to that occupation, and no
in the term immediately preceding an man disturbs another in his rooms until
Examination. The object and chief the bustle of returning scouts announces
advantage of lectures is to throw light the approach of lunch-time. After lunch
on work already familiar ; it is no use the afternoon comes, when it is as im-
to take an unprepared book into the pious a thing to work as before it was to
Classical Lecture Room, nor to expect play. Every Undergraduate is assumed
to learn History from the generalisations to be furthering his physical develop-
of a Professor. The material must have ment between the hours of two and
been to some extent assimilated before- five. From four till five men will be
hand. It will be obvious from this returning from the river, the football
that the books and subjects, on which ground, the racquet or lawn-tennis court,
the Undergraduate is directed first to changing their clothes and preparing
attend lectures, should be among the for the quiet hour before Hall. Six
first portion of the mass he has to o'clock is the most usual time for this
grapple with for the schools to which meal, though in some Colleges it is at
he directs his energies. College lectures seven, or as at Exeter, at six for junior,
are usually arranged with reference to seven for senior men. Where the earlier
the principle that there are certain parts time is the regulation, it will require
of the work for each Honour school some little efibrt to utilise a clear hour
which should unquestionably be dis- for reading before the bell rings.
posed of so far as the first reading
first, Returning in flannels to College a man
of them goes. Where there is a rational is fain to dawdle away the time in
and thought fully -arranged scheme of luxurious ablution, or to rest in the
collections, these periodical Examina- arm-chair by the fire talking to com-
tions will generally embody the mature panions who have entered with him.,
experience of competent judges as to till it is hardly worth while to make a
the best order of reading, and should be start with the books before dinner.
taken as a guide from the commence- Then again there are the attractions of
ment of residence. Before quitting the the Union coffee, and once there, is it
subject of Lectures in general, we may not a duty to look through the day's
observe that the multiplication of note- papers or the periodicals in the Maga-
books does not necessarily increase zine-room? Where Hall is at seven,
wisdom, and that, when an author has there is little excuse for not putting in
been properly studied beforehand, an an hour or an hour and a half s work
interleaved text will be found to supply at this time, after a cup of tea, and any
ample space for all the notes that are one who wishes to make the best use of
likely to need recording. The notes his time will be careful not to let the
taken in each terminal course of lectures opportunity slip, especially if his morn-
should be run through with the book in ing's reading has been short.
the early part of the succeeding vaca- After Hall, a period of apathy will
103 REA—REA
naturally supervene, and not until eight ence between three hours and four in
or nine o'clock will even " reading the morning means a great deal in the
men " recommence their industry. As long run, but it seems very little on
to late reading, it is a truth of which each particular occasion. It is always
it is very difficult to convince young possible to be doing something else than
men, that no permanent good is likely reading ; there is always agreeable occu-
to result from continuing work up till pation to lure the student from his
midnight ; they had much better break books. Even in the mornings it is not
off at half-past eleven at latest, have unpleasant to spend an hour between
a smoke and a chat, and, pace Sir lectures in fine weather in a stroll in
Wilfrid, a glass of grog, and to bed cap and gown round the Parks, or Christ
by twelve o'clock. Church Meadow, or Magdalen Walks.
In reading, the most valuable qualities And are there not the College Gardens
are steadiness and regularity. The habits and the Parks, where those who list may
of men with regard to their reading vary delude themselves with the ostentation
greatly according to temperament, but of a book, of which the sunshine and
it is the low-pressure workers who win. the swallows and the flowers (to say
The schools are intended as a test of nothing of nursemaids) will make them
ability, not of mere brilliancy, and the sadly oblivious ? But these indulgences
power of application which will enable must be shunned ; they grow upon him
a man make rules for himself and
to who yields to them, and from thence to
stick tothem gets its full reward as a the billiard-room, during the corre-
quality more valuable, on the whole, sponding hours on wet days, is but a
than the uncertain gift of working harder step.
and quicker under high pressure, and The summer term, as concerns read-
performing prodigies of diligence under ing, stands somewhat by itself. We
the shadow of the schools. If the read- have spoken thus far mainly with refer-
ing done in term averages six hours a ence to the other two, occupying the
day all through, and proper use be sober winter season. But in the May
made of the vacations, this will be suffi- Term, not only are the amusements that
cient to ensure that a man will do him- will attract Undergraduates more anta-
self justice inany school. An average gonistic to reading than at any other
of seven hours is high. If four hours time, but the arrangements for Hall, or
are stuck to in the morning, the hour for the supper which is sometimes sub-
before six o'clock Hall may fairly be stituted for the regulation dinner, will
given up to the newspapers, letter- be modified.
writing, and other *' sundries " of civi- The members of that not unimportant
lised life. Then, to make up seven body, the College eight, with the one
hours, three hours must be set aside or two reserve men and their coaches,
every night of the week, and three will probably dine, with such of the
hours is as much as it is good to devote rest of the College as can stomach the
to hard work at that time. But this barbarous practice, at two or three in
may be taken as a good and not oppres- the afternoon. This will give them
sive rule, that four hours' work shall longer time for reading in the morning,
have been done every day before six which they will need, both on account
o'clock Hall. If this be observed, the of the time lost them by their Homeric
daily average for the term will probably breakfast and the lethargy which follows,
come to about six hours, without much and because they will have little oppor-
austerity of self-discipline. tunity or inclination for work during
But it must be clearly understood by the rest of the day. They will go down
every one who goes up to Oxford, that to practice at 4.30 or 5, and return to a
to read well and steadily there is not the supper at 7.30 or 8, after which they
easiest thing in the world. The differ- will wine together, and must be in bed
REA-REA 104
by 10.30. Some men can read fairly less likelihood at all times of the
well while in training, but few can do pleasant interruption of a passing friend.
such good work during that regime as at A
third or fourth year man, again, will
other times. Heavy feeding and severe have fewer intimates in College whose
physical exertion are not conducive to rooms will be an attraction to him, and
intellectual activity. Cricket is perhaps once in lodgings in the evening the
even more fatal to reading. Players have temptation to do anything but work is
in general to start away from College very slight. College will seldom be
gates at 1.30 for matches on Cowley re-entered after Hall, and friends who
Marsh. When an out match against a may have accompanied him to his
school is in question, or an Under- rooms will begin to drop off about nine
graduate represents his University, the or soon after, to save their gate bills.
day's work is practically sacrificed Sunday or Saturday evenings are those
unless early rising be resorted to. If to which, as a rule, later gatherings in
dinner in Hall be at seven, it is probable lodgings are confined. It is owing to
that the cricketers will have supper in the greater encouragements to reading
the rooms of one of their number, as it that lodgings present, that most Col-
is difficult to get back and change by leges favour the system of turning their
that hour. Where, as is sometimes Undergraduates out of residence at the
arranged, supper is served in Hall for end of their second or at latest their
whoever comes in, and is prolonged till third year, when with Greats in prospect,
eight or later, these suppers in rooms application has become a necessity. The
will not be so necessary, and the special change also gives an opportunity for the
conviviality of the cricketer will not breaking off of undesirable habits, and
receive so much encouragement. Few the inauguration of such improvements
men will feel inclined for an evening's in diligence and economy as the ex-
grind after an afternoon of cricket, and perience of two years' residence and the
the bodily refreshment rendered neces- reading for Moderations have suggested.
sary thereby. And when this comes The vacations should be regarded as
four or five times a week, the evening opportunities, no less important than
reading will not amount to a high the terms, for advance with work.
average figure. Every one who comes up from a school
Besides these two staple recreations in October will have had some ten or
there are the varied attractions pre- eleven weeks' holiday since the end of
sented by the river and the country his last school term. He will probably
round. Long canoeing or dingey ex- be familiar with one or two of the books
peditions above the town entrap many which he will have to offer in Modera-
a steady-reading man into that beginning tions. If he be prudent, and desirous of
—
of evil a supper laid in rooms to await —
lightening his future labours and no
his return at dusk. It is not only the man within a month of the schools is ever
"non-reading" man who succumbs to satisfied that heforward enough with
is
the seductions of the summer term and his work —he will
look over his Virgil
recklessly goes, "in his youth and the or his Thucydides, or whichever author
sunshine rejoicing, to Nuneham and suits him best, during the time now at
Godstow." He who manages a five his disposal. Two or three hours a day
hours' average in the summer term is will go a long way in this respect. On
not to be condemned ;he who rises to coming up, he is certain to be recom-
six is indeed to be congratulated. mended to attend lectures on the books
Most men will find it easier to read he must offer. He should choose those
in lodgings than in College. There is first which deal with the books with
nothing to prevent an early settling which he thinks himself most familiar.
down to work in the morning as soon He will be assigned regular hours for
as breakfast is cleared away ; there is bringing composition to his tutor, and
105 REA— REA
duringthe time he spends with him should man should have thoroughly rolled out
not fail to let him know how his general books he will have been
his statutory ;
and that the school still retains such as well to take Honour Mods, on the
fragments of what is properly charac- way ; but if the educational advantage
teristicof the Examination for Modera- of the reading for Greats be the thing
tions as prose compositions and unseen aimed at, it will be folly to spend an
translations, which take up four papers. entire six months over the more spe-
But with regard to Moderations, thorough cialised reading for Moderations. For
knowledge of the classical authors se- any of the other schools, by taking a
lected, and that elegance which is im- Pass in Mods., two years' clear reading,
plied by the word " scholarship," are or, if desired, three years, will be made
the chief points to be aimed at. The available for preparation. There is no
work is a continuation of the Public reason, indeed, why, during the first
School course. The special subjects in year, reading for the Final School, or
Honour Moderations, such as the Ele- for Honours Mathematical Modera-
in
ments of Logic, or Comparative Philo- have gone on side by
tions, should not
logy, are less important than any of the side with that for Classical Moderations,
others to a man whose chief object is to which to a sixth form Public School boy
get a first class, though they have more will not give very much trouble.
relation to the subsequent Greats work. With respect to Mathematical Honour
It is possible for a man to get a second Moderations it will be observed, from a
class in Moderations and be ploughed reference to the Examination Statute,
in Honour Greats, and the former Ex- that these bear somewhat the same
amination is still the most valuable in relation to the Final School as Classical
the eyes of the classical schoolmaster. Moderations do to Lit. Hum. They
During his first year, then, the fresh- are an examination in Pure Mathe-
RE A— REG 106
1603. Through a fine vaulted passage, with richly- traced roof, we reach
the inner quadrangle, partly designed by Inigo Jones, and built at the
109 SAl— SAI
expense of Archbishop Laud. The gate towers are ornamented with
bronze statues by Fanelli of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria. The
southern and eastern sides of this court are taken up by the Library, which
contains much to occupy the visitor, and deserves a lengthened inspection.
Here Laud entertained his royal master, and a play, written and acted by
members of St. John's, was presented for His Majesty's entertainment.
In the Library will be found the red skull-cap in which Laud was executed,
his MS. diary, and a crozier, found, built in the wall, in repairing the
President's lodgings, which is presumed to have belonged to that prelate.
There is a splendid copy of Caxton's Chaucer, some fine old Bibles and
Psalters, a fine thirteenth century MS. Bestiarium, and, peculiarly in-
teresting to ladies, some magnificent fifteenth century embroidered vest-
ments, banners, and an altar-cloth, unique specimens of ancient needle-
work. The eastern wing of the Library, Laud's wing, affords fine views
of the extensive gardens (five acres), which are perhaps the most
beautiful in Oxford. From the gardens. Laud's wing of the Library
presents a most picturesque appearance, with its gables and oriels. King
Charles L's window being a prominent feature.
Archbishops Laud and Juxon Killigrew, the dramatist and wit; and
;
Francis Tresham, of the Gunpowder Plot, are among the more familiar
names in the St. John's College list.
Visitor. Fellows.
The Bishop of Winchester. Charles Lempriere, D.C.L.
President. Charles Alleyne Summers Austin,
James Bellamy, D.D., elected in 1871. D.C.L.
Vice-President. Henry Deane, B.D.
Edward Conduit Dermer, B.D. William Frederick Traill, D.C.L.
Stephen Nottidge Tebbs, B.D.
Principal Bursar. Edward Conduitt Dermer, B.D.
Thomas Stewart Omond, M.A. Lancelot Lambert Sharpe, B.D.
Bursar. Herbert Armitage James, B.D.
Lancelot Lambert Sharpe, B.D. Robert Holford Macdowall Bo-
Deans of Arts. sanquet, M.A.
Edward Conduit Dermer, B.D. Henry Jardine Bidder, B.D.
Sidney Ball, M.A. James Trengove Nance, B.D.
Sidney Ball, M.A.
Lecturer in Jurisprudence.
Rev. Alfred Thomas Goodrick, M.A.
John Charles Wilson, M.A., B.C.L. William Holden Hutton, M.A.
Lecturer in Natural Science.
William Hatchett Jackson, M.A. ADMISSION.
Lecturer in Mathematics. Examinations take place at the be-
John Wellesley Russell, M.A. ginning of every term, the subjects being
Lecttirer in Theology. Latin Prose Composition ; Greek and
Francis Henry Woods, B.D. Latin Grammar ; Arithmetic ; the first
Lecturers. two books of Euclid, or Algebra in-
Sidney Ball, M.A. clusive of Simple Equations ; the
Thomas Collins Snow, M.A. Hecuba and Alcestis of Euripides and
Ttitors. the first five books of the ^neid, or
James Trengove Nance, B.D. equivalents ; Translation into English
Rev. Alfred Thomas Goodrick, M.A. of a passage of unprepared Latin, and
Rev. Robert Ewing, M.A. an English Essay (with Greek sight
Librarian. translation optional). Candidates who
Rev. Alfred Thomas Goodrick, M.A. have passed certain Examinations are
SAI-SAI NO
exempt from Examination. Ad-
this seven years. The Official Fellowships
mission fee, £() 3J". ; Caution mone)^, are not to exceed seven in number, and
£Zo, of which ;^20 is returnable at the are tenable for renewable periods not
B. A. ; balance on removal of the name exceeding ten years each, by Tutors,
from the books. Lecturers, and Principal Bursar. The
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. emoluments, in addition to the stipend
There are thirty- eight Scholarships
of an Ordinary Fellow, may be £100 a
in all. Of
these twenty-two are of the year from the Corporate Revenue, and a
annual value of;^ i oo each , six being open varying amount from the Tuition Fund.
fifteen restricted to Merchant Taylors' Under certain conditions Official
and other schools ; the limit of age is Fellows are permitted to marry.
nineteen. Eight are open, and of EXPENSES.
the annual value of £%o each ; four
(the Casberd Scholarships) of a like
Tuition fee, jf 21 per annum for three
which £}, per term. College
years, after
value, open to members of the College
dues and charges, bedmakers, wash-
who have been one year in residence
ing, etc., amount to about £17 or £18
and four Senior Scholarships of the
per annum for residents in College.
yearly value of ;^i5o each, tenable for
Residents out of College pay about £^
four years, and open to former members
annually for dues and charges. Room-
of Merchant Taylors' School of less
rent is from £(> ds, to j^'14 14^-. an-
than twenty-eight terms' standing at the
nually. Furniture in most rooms may
University. There are several Exhibi-
be hired. Degree fees B. A.,;zf 6 "js. 6d. ;
:
tions, some of which are open. The M.A., £6 I5J-.
next Scholarship Examination will
probably be held in June, 1886. COLOURS.
FELLOWSHIPS. Eight white coat with blue trimming
:
The Fellowships
are not fewer than and cross on breast, white straw hat
fourteen or more than eighteen in with blue and white ribbon and blue
number, of which not fewer than seven cross. Ordinary uniform ; blue with
are Ordinary Fellowships, tenable for College arms.
will earn the same penalty. There is and Library. There are plenty of guides
a custom in some Colleges, where always hanging about the streets, especi-
Sconces are paid in wine, to permit the ally in the neighbourhood of the Shel-
bottles to accumulate until there are donian Theatre, whose charge is is,
sufficient to provide the whole table, per hour, but except to point out the
on a stated night, with sherry to their localities of buildings, they are of
soup. In others, where beer is the little use.
current liquor, there are severe regula- Some of the Churches {see Chur-
tions as to priority in drinking from the ches) are well worth inspection, and
flagon, a violation of which will entail access to them is not more difficult
a fresh Sconce on the offender. If he than is generally the case with eccle-
can "floor" his Sconce i.e., drink off siastical edifices in England.
the quart without taking breath he — The excursions to places of special
may sconce the man whose information interest or beauty in the neighbour-
led to his own sconcing. hood of Oxford are very numerous,
Scout. —
The servant who attends among the most interesting being
Blenheim,Woodstock, Stanton Har-
upon residents in College, and who is
known at Cambridge as a " gyp," is at court,and the lovely river trip to
Oxford called a Scout. [See Expenses. ) Nuneham Courteney. Visitors to Ox-
ford desirous of fuller information in
Sheldonian Theatre, between regard to sight-seeing and excursions
the schools and Broad Street, was built
than can be afforded in the limited space
by Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of Can- at our command, may be recommended
terbury, and opened in 1669. The to apply to Messrs. T. Shrimpton &
architect was Sir Christopher Wren.
Son, of 23 and 24, Broad Street, Ox-
This handsome hall is used for the ford, who publish a great variety of
Encaenia, or annual commemoration of
amusing and practical guide-books
founders, when prize competitions are
while for Nuneham Courteney and all
recited and honorary degrees conferred
the other favourite riverside resorts of
amidst the freely expressed comments holiday-makers, * * Dickens's Dictionary
of the Undergraduates who occupy the of the Thames" should be consulted.
upper gallery. The ceiling is the work Visitors should come to Oxford in
of one Streater, sergeant-painter to the summer term, either during the
Charles I., whose artistic views and
Eights or for Commemoration. By
execution are very much on a par with
choosing the latter time they will less
those of Verrio. From the top of the interrupt the morning studies of their
building an excellent view of Oxford is
Undergraduate friends, which are prone
obtained. A small fee is expected by
to suffer considerably in the summer
the custodian, who will take visitors to term under any circumstances. Lunches
the upper regions. and teas are the meals at which visitors
Sight -seeing. —Naturally the are most usually entertained in College,
most interesting sights of Oxford are to though small parties may be invited to
be found in its Colleges, all of which breakfast. A College lunch will usually
will be found described under their strike visitors as of a somewhat oppres-
respective heads, and reference to the sive sumptuousness ; indeed, it is fre-
accompanying map will act as a con- quently complained by such that they
venient guide to their whereabouts. As are expected to do more eating during
a rule, where Chapels, etc., are not open their stay in Oxford than even the
for public inspection at stated hours, severe pedestrian exercise of the morn-
application should be made at the ing's inspection of Colleges, Libraries,
porter's lodge of the College. A small Chapels, and Museums, justifies.
fee is expected, which will generally
frank the visitor to the Hall, Chapel, " Smalls."— (3V^ Responsions. )
113 SOM-TOW
Somerville Hall.— (^^^ Lady the Taylor Institution. Candidates
Margaret Hall.) must not have exceeded the twenty-
Stanhope Historical Essay. third term from matriculation.
—This prize, of the value of £20 in —
Terms. The four terms of the
books, awarded annually in Trinity
is academical year are Michaelmas, be-
Term, for an essay on some subject of ginning on the loth of October and
Modern History (Foreign or English) ending on the 1 7th of December
between the years 1300 and 18 15. It Hilary, beginning on the 14th of
is open to Undergraduates who, in the January and ending on the day before
term in which it is to be awarded, shall Palm Sunday ; Easter, beginning on
not have exceeded the sixteenth term the Wednesday after Easter Day and
from matriculation. ending on the Friday before Whitsun
Swimming. — {See Bathing- Day ; Trinity, beginning on the day
Places and Baths.) Swimming before Whitsun Day and ending on
lessons may be obtained by private the Saturday after the first Tuesday in
arrangement with the attendant at July. For many purposes Easter and
Parson's Pleasure or the University Trinity Terms together count as only
Bathing- Place. The University Swim- one. Michaelmas and Hilary Terms
ming Races are held at the end of the are kept by six weeks' residence in
Summer Term. The usual events are : each ; and Easter and Trinity either by
Headers, 100 Yards Race, 350 Yards three weeks' residence in each, or by
Race, 50 Yards Race, Object Diving, forty-eight days' residence in the two
Half-Mile Race, Distance Diving. The terms jointly.
races are swum off in the portion of the
river just above Clasper's Boat-house.
Town V. Gown.—The **Town
and Gown Rows " an ignoble
The. — {See
are
Tavern, New Inn survival of encounters having their
Hall. ) origin in the concurrent authority in
Taylor Institution, The, municipal matters of the University and
for the promotion of the study of the city, aggravated by the jealousy
Modern Languages. Besides giving which had existed from time immemorial
instruction, at very moderate fees, in between the unruly among the youth of
French, German, and Italian, the each body. The University has by degrees
institution carries out its objects by surrendered a great portion of its strictly
lectureson subjects connected with municipal functions to the Mayor and
foreign and by the annual
literature, Town Council, but it still retains a
award of a Scholarship and Exhi- Police Force of its own, with powers
bition. The institution also includes to act for the preservation of order in
a library, which is open to members matters concerning the morals and be-
of the University between the hours haviour of Undergraduates and members
of 1 1 and 5 ; except from August of the University. The Vice-Chan-
16 to September 14, and from Christ- cellor also remains the licensing autho-
mas Eve to January 2, when it is en- rity for wines, etc., within the precincts
tirely closed. Full particulars of the of the University, as well as for theatres,
regulations under which books, etc., may and dramatic or other public perform-
be borrowed, are to be obtained from the ances. The University controls the
Librarian, Heinrich Krebs, Hon. M.A. Market, and is represented by delegates
Ta^rlor Scholarship and Ex- on the Local Board. The modern dis-
hibition.^One Scholarship, worth turbances on the Fifth of November
£$0, and one Exhibition, worth £25, take the form merely of an aimless
each tenable for one year only, are parade of the streets by the more foolish
awarded annually for proficiency in among the freshmen, and by the least
one or more of the languages taught in respectable among the town apprentices,
TOW—TRI 114
roughs, and gutter-snipes, accompanied were called upon to curse the effect of
by much shouting, and occasional head- the change in the proportions, appeared
long flights before the Proctors and somewhat inclined to regard the widen-
their special constabulary. ing as not so objectionable after all.
—
Trams. Amid much lamentation The tramway runs from the Railway
on the part of aesthetic Undergraduates Station to Carfax (fare id.); thence
and some of the senior members of the over Magdalen Bridge to the Cricket
University, tramways were laid down Grounds at Cowley {id. from Carfax).
in the years 1882-3 in the principal Another line runs from Carfax through
streets of Oxford. Concurrently with the Corn Market, whence one branch
their introduction Magdalen Bridge turns down Beaumont Street, and follows
over the Cher well was widened, Walton Street till it reaches the lane
amid a more exceeding outcry. leading to Medley Lock (fare from
When, however, the alterations to Carfax id.), the other branch running
the last-named structure were com- through St. Giles's to Summertown
pleted, the Balaams of High Art, who (fare id.).
TRINITY COLLEGE.
Trinity College, standing a little back from Broad Street, next to
Balliol, was originally founded by the Priors of Durham at the end of the
thirteenth century. Sir Thomas Pope founded a new College on the ruins
of the old College of Durham in 1555. The entrance is under the tower,
which adjoins the Chapel. These buildings were erected by Dr. Bathurst
in the last years of the seventeenth century, and are in the classical styles.
The Chapel contains a fine alabaster tomb with recumbent figures of the
founder and his wife. It is particularly noteworthy for the extremely
beautiful carved screen and altar-piece in cedar and lime, unusually fine
specimens of the work of Grinling Gibbons. The plain panels are of
oak. TheLibrary contains many rare works, and some ancient stained
glass. Among the curiosities of Trinity is a large chalice brought from
St. Alban's Abbey. The Library possesses a few portraits. The Library
and Hall are not shown to casual visitors, an introduction from a Fellow
being necessary. The gardens are extensive, and celebrated for a beautiful
lime-tree avenue.
William Pitt, Earl of Chatham Sir John Denham, the poet John
; ;
ADMISSION. COLOURS.
Examinations are held in January, Blue coat edged with white, the Eight
May, and October, the subjects being wearing a blue and white striped jersey.
Translation from English into Latin Turrell's HaU.— This is a private
Prose ; Translation from a passage of hall, under the superintendence of the
unprepared Greek into English ; Latin Rev. H. T. Turrell. Members may
and Greek Grammar, or English Essay lodge in the Hall, or if above twenty-
two plays of Sophocles and five books five years of age may live in lodgings.
of the ^neid, or equivalents; Arith- In the former case the annual cost of
metic, and the first two books of residence and tuition will amount to
Euclid, or the first part of Algebra. about £v\o. The fees to the Hall for
The admission fee is ^^5, Caution non-residents are estimated at £"] per
money ;^30, £20 returnable on taking annum, and those for tuition at from
the M.A. degree, balance on removal £8 to ;^io per term. The entrance
of the name from the College books. fee to the Hall \.%£2 \os.
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. Unattached Students (or,
Sixteen Scholarships, of the annual more properly, Non-Collegiate Students)
value of £%o each, are open to candi- are those who do not belong to any
dates under nineteen. The Heneker College or Hall.
Scholarship, also open, is of the annual Since 1868 persons have been
value of £2^, There are several Open allowed to become members of the
Exhibitions, and three (Ford) Student- University without being members of
ships, one of ;^5o a year, open to any College or Hall, and such students
students at King's School, Canterbury, are, as to all the privileges of the
and two of £2^ a year each, open re- University, on an equal footing with all
spectively to students from the Gram- its other members. They are to keep
mar School, Ipswich, and from the residence in houses or licensed lodgings
Grammar School at Brentwood. within a mile and a half of Carfax, and
FELLOWSHIPS. are under the control of a Delegacy, of
These, twelve in number, are divided which the Vice-Chancel lor, the Proctors,
into Non-Official and Official, the num- the Controller of Lodging-houses, and
ber of the latter not to exceed seven. the Censor, are official members, and to
They are tenable for fifteen years, re- which three members of Convocation
newable for successive periods of ten are elected by Congregation. The
UNA-UND 116
Beneath this insouciant exterior there concerning the actual world are found
may be deep convictions, but its main- in the influence of the preachers, of one
tenance is apt to be an influence or two Heads of Colleges, and of such
discouraging to the formation of any of the younger Dons as have not suc-
opinions at all, and fostering an under- cumbed to their position.
estimate of that duty of right think- Wehave touched upon the subject
ing and intellectual coherence which of the Honour School of Literse
is coming upon the growing man. Humaniores as being the most charac-
And this habit of mind is to a teristic and significant among the direct
considerable extent fostered by the educational instruments of the Uni-
course of studies selected by the Uni- versity. A handling of that
fuller
versity, or rather which has resolved and other schools will be found in
itself by natural selection therein, as its our article on Reading, but it seems
most important and characteristic test proper here to give some further con-
of ability. The object and effect of the sideration to the merits of the intellec-
Honour School of Literae Humaniores tual education offered to the Under-
is not to teach men thoughts, but to graduate by this Board of Studies.
teach them to think, and on its philo- The majority of persons who
sophical side it aims at rendering its have not passed through the Univer-
—
students familiar so far as is permitted sities have perhaps an exaggerated idea
by the shortness of the time available, of the significance of the letters B.A.
and the pressure of the historical and after a man's name. Mr. Feeder was
philological portions of the course — with well aware of that superstition of the
the best that has been thought, and the class from which his pupils were drawn.
best methods for criticising all thinking. And he who can write himself down
It leads to a habit of mentally enquiring M.A. is commonly regarded as exalted
not so much what beliefs of mankind above the mere B.A. by an altitude
are or have been right as how it was really quite out of proportion to the
that the beliefs came to be held. '
The superiority in solvency implied by the fact
result is very naturally a wholesome that he has paid £\2. more to his Univer-
diffidence of one's own conclusions, and sity, not to mention the College fee and
a disinclination to dogmatise thereon dues for four years longer. But the
among one's fellows, or to exhibit dis- B.A. degree has a value merely as a
agreement when a contrary opinion is testimonial to a certain amount of intel-
advanced. lectual training, though that be only
The University is, as a rule, a bad half of what the older Universities
school for earnestness, though, if ever have to give. All who obtain it
the breath of any purpose comes upon must have at heart such a familiarity
it, it cannot but fan up, among so many with classical literature and history as
young and vigorous hearts, strong glows will enable them to pass Moderations,
of energy, passing for the most part, after which they will be free to choose
but permanent in their effects through their line in the Final Schools. The
some at least of the generation that reading for the Pass Schools {see Ex-
knew them. Oxford is the home of amination Statute) is of fairly wide
''movements," from the days of Lol- scope, if superficial, while that for any
lardry to those of East End Settlements, Honour School will leave the successful
but no one can say what shall endure student in possession of a more thorough
there, or what shall be the tradition grasp of the subject in which he has
four years hence of that w^hich now graduated, than will be possessed by the
seems the most significant characteristic greater proportion of the men whom he
of Undergraduate thought around him. will meet in daily life. It is the opinion
For the only elements of permanence of some of the highest authorities in
in Undergraduate feeling on matters the University that it is absolutely easier
119 UND-UNI>
for a man who
has passed Moderations take to write an essay or give an opinion
to take a Class in an Honour School upon any subject that can be mentioned.
than the ordinary Pass Degree, and The fact is that he usually does throw
certainly preferable as an intellectual himself heart and soul into a great many
training. That it may be easier in varied interests during his four years.
certain schools, as Law and Theology, He is pre-eminently among Englishmen
we do not doubt, in the case of the of the type of Plato's Democratic Man.
History or Greats Schools the reading Not that the Conservatism for which
must be, at least, considerable, while Oxford is famous, and which prevails
the Oxford Mathematical and Science perennially in the divisions of the Union,,
Standards are byno means contemptible. is of the Tory Democrat order, nor
But we do question the superior value that the bulk of the Liberalism there
of the reading which will secure a Fourth found is of the most uncompromising
Class in any Honour School save those type. The most levelling of Radicals
of History and Greats as compared might well incline to the austere respect-
with that necessary for the despised ability of Republicanism in face of the
Pass, while the man who fails to secure idea of an enfranchisement of the
his
'
Fourth " after four years' residence
'
*
Carfax Club, " or of politicians of the
'
will find himself indeed in miserable type of the Jericho Rough. The
plight. Of the Honour Schools of Democratic Man, as portrayed by
Modern History and Literse Humani- Plato, is however so evidently a re-
ores, it may be claimed that they are flection of the Idea which now has its
a valuable educational instrument, the most perfect phenomenal presentation
latter being indeed far the superior of in the Oxford Undergraduate that we
the two, but the former also a whole- cannot refrain from quoting his descrip-
some discipline in sound methods of tion, with the necessary changes of local
thinking. The Undergraduate who colour :
" He lives from day to day to
values himself most truly will read for the end of his time in subjection to the
Honours in the Final Classical School. impulse of the moment, now drinking
The History School in many cases is, himself drunk to the sound of Slap-
it is to be feared, the refuge rather of poffski's band, and presently putting
those who value a class, and distrust himself into training ; sometimes idling
their capacity for Greats. As a School and bidding the Schools be hanged, and
of History it is fragmentary and in- then passing studious nights in all the
complete indeed, but as a mental odour of philosophy. And often he
training second only in value to the takes the lead in College meetings, and
other. memorialises the Dons on the subject of
As regards learning, however, the Hall, or starts up at the Union, and
chief value of University studies, to speaks and acts according to the im-
those by whom high Honours are not pulse of the moment. Now he is filled
sought as a professional testimonial, with martial ambition, and joins the
will be in teaching men to perceive O.U.R.V.C, or anon he conceives he
what they have yet to learn when they has a genius for business, and takes
leave the University for the world. shares in a Universities' Co-operative
Already at Oxford the Undergraduate Association. And there is no method
is quick to apprehend what things he is or constraining rule in his life ; but this
expected to know something about, method of living he finds agreeable and
and to conceal ignorance and gain in good form, and follows it out to the
credit for non-existent knowledge must end." (Plato Rep. 561 c.) Or, again,
be instinctively the aim of a being so the encomium of Pericles upon the
subject to examination. It is said that qualities of Athenian democracy has
the effect of the Greats School upon something of the true ring of Under-
him is to render him willing to under- graduate arrogance about it :
** We do
UND— UND 120
not copy our neighbours, but we are an men of his own years. Oxford society
example to them. . .
. When a citizen is very distinctly stratified according to
is in any way distinguished, he is pre- periods commencing with successive
ferred to the pubHc service, not as a Octobers ; even as a freshman he will
matter of privilege, but out of apprecia- have nothing to fear from his seniors
tion of his merit. Neither is poverty a if any one takes advantage of his sim-
bar, but a man may benefit his College plicity it will be his more brazen con-
whatever the obscurity of his condition. temporaries, and with those who are
And we have not forgotten to pro- commencing their third year when he
vide for our weary spirits many relax- comes up he will scarcely be brought
ations from toil. We have regular into contact, except at the boats, or on
games and ceremonies throughout the the cricket field. When a College is
year ; at home the style of our life is large there will also be a considerable
refined, and the delight which we daily amount of vertical cleavage in Under-
banish
feel in all these things helps us to graduate society, and the men of each
melancholy. Because of the greatness year will separate into groups having a
of our University the fruits of the whole partial intermixture with the years im-
earth flow in upon us. We are lovers mediately above or below them. Where
— —
of the beautiful " and don't mind pay- this system of cliques prevails to a
ing a good price for it **and we culti- marked degree it detracts considerably
vate the mind without loss of manliness. from the agreeableness of College life.
, . . We
alone regard a man who takes Each clique is looked at with some
no interest in public affairs not as a contempt by all the others, and the
harmless, but as a useless character." various College institutions, which tend
" To cultivate the mind without loss of to become each the distinctive nidus
manliness" is, indeed, the best use of some particular set, all suffer in
that an Undergraduate can make of the vitality, and lose the hearty and cor-
wealth of opportunities for study and porate support of the College. This is
for healthy recreation that lie at his one of the reasons why some of the
command. It rests with himself, to an smaller Colleges have always been to
extent which few men realise when they the fore in the different sports of the
first come up, to make or miss the best University.
of what his University has to give him. Oxford is at present in a transition state
All want of steadiness and waste of owing to the multiplication of married
time, whether from inexperience or Fellows and Tutors, and the rise and
idleness,he will surely one day regret, progress of Colleges for women in con-
though fortunate in this, that they will nection with the University. Many
do him less serious injury than if he terrible results have been prophesied,
were already launched in the world. and many desirable developments may
Here, with increased responsibilities be confidently hoped for. There is a
and more varied openings for energy, movement towards breaking down the
he will learn a savoir-faire and self- wall of separation which still hedges,
reliance which would have cost him to a great extent, the Academic from
more elsewhere. University life is a the Philistine world, towards reminding
trial trip insheltered waters before the the Undergraduate more than formerly
working journey is begun. In these that he is a part of that Philistine world,
four years he can hardly fail to make and that he will do well to think of this
friendships, some of which will last for even in the charmed circle of his arti-
life; acquaintances many, with men ficial life. The air of Oxford needs
whom it will always be a pleasure to such periodical ventilation. The Don
meet again as they turn up in odd of tradition is almost a being of the
corners of the world. His friends past; the majority in Congregation is
will necessarily be mostly among the Liberal, not to say Radical ; the general
121 UND-UNr
characteristic of the new type is a term time, which is used also for a
praiseworthy ardour for the religious, newspaper reading room. It isopen to
moral, social, or artistic regeneration of all members of the University after one
the world. Reformatory zeal on the term's residence. Freshmen may use
last three lines is a comparatively new the Club without membership during
thing, and must tell on the tone of their first term on payment of a sub-
Undergraduate society. scription of £l 5^. The names of can-
didates for admission must be posted for
Union. —This body has developed five days with those of a proposer and
from the small Union Society which seconder, already members, after which
existed as a mere debating club of no they are generallyelected without further
fixed habitation fifty years ago, to be question, though a ballot may be called
one of the most characteristic and im- for. The entrance fee is £i, and the
portant of Oxford institutions. It is terminal subscription £i ^s. After
now the Club of the greater number of three years no further payment is re-
Undergraduates at the University ; the quired for life membership. Strangers
premises comprise a large library, are admissible to the debates by tickets,
writing rooms, smoking rooms, magazine which are limited in number ; and
room, cofiee room, lavatories, etc., be- visitors are admitted for a few days to
side the great hall for the weekly the use of the premises on introduction
debates held on Thursday evenings in by a member.
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE.
University College, the oldest in Oxford, on the south side of the High
Street, nearly opposite All Souls', was not founded by King Alfred, as has
been frequently asserted. Its first endowment was from William of Durham
in 1249, but its first Statutes date from 1280. The present buildings extend
along the street a distance of 260 feet, with two courts and two towered
gateways. The first stone was laid in 1634. Over the gateway leading"
into the west quad is, on the outside, a statue of Queen Anne, and on the
inside one of James II.; the statues over the eastern gateway are those
of Queen Mary and Dr. Radcliffe. The Hall contains an extensive fire-
place, designed from a tomb in Ely Cathedral, in the centre of which is
a medallion marble bust of King Alfred. The walls are hung with
portraits of Archbishop Potter, Bishop Bancroft, Dr. Radcliffe, Sir Roger
Newdigate, Lord Eldon, and Lord Stow^ell, by Hoppner, Sir Thomas
Lawrence, and others. The Hall has been several times altered and
restored, and was lengthened in i860, and has been provided with new
oak doors. The Library dates from about the same period as the last
alteration to the Hall, and was designed by Sir Gilbert Scott. It contains
two colossal statues, exhibited in the Exhibition of 1862, of Lords Eldon
and Stowell. These were intended for Westminster Abbey, but were
rejected on account of their size. The Chapel was remodelled in 1862 by
Sir Gilbert Scott, when the roof and east window were added. There is
some fine stained glass by Van Linge. A carved altar-piece by Grinling
Gibbons, that formerly stood in the Chapel, is now to be found in the
bursary. In the ante-chapel, on the north wall, is a monument by Flax-
man to Nathan Wetherell, formerly Master, v^ho died in 1807. Here is
also another monument by Flaxman representing Sir W. Jones, once a
UNI— UNI 22
Fellow, engaged in the study of the Indian Vedas, which two Brahmins
expound to him. There is also a stained-glass window given by Dr.
Radcliffe.
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester ; Lord Eldon ; Lord Stowell
Shelley and Dr. Radcliffe ; are representative names among the alumni
;
of University College.
Visitor, Civil Law Fellow.
The Queen. John Davenport Rogers, B.C.L., M.A.
Master.
Rev. James Franck Bright, M.A., Honorary Fellows.
elected in 1881. SirTravers Twiss, D.C.L.
GoLDWiN Smith, M.A.
Steward of Estates. Very Rev. George Granville
Charles Alan Fyffe, M.A. Bradley, D.D.
Bursar and Dean.
Horace Davey, M.A.
Arthur Dendy, B.C.L. ADMISSION.
Suh-Dean and Librarian. The Ordinary Examinations are held
Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, in the term previous to residence. There
M.A. is also an open competition for ad-
missions at the Scholarship Examina-
Dea7i of Degrees.
tion in February. The subjects are
Charles Joseph Faulkner, M.A. Portions of a Greek and Latin author ;
Lectwers. Translation from English into Latin
Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, Prose ; Grammar and Parsing ; English
M.A. Composition and miscellaneous ques-
Lewis Amherst Selby Bigge, B.A. tions ; Arithmetic ; and the first and
John Thomas Augustus Haines, second books of Euclid, or Algebra
B.A. up to and inclusive of Simple Equations.
George Baird Burnham, B.C.L., Certain special subjects may be offered
M.A., University. as alternatives. Admission fee £^^
Rev. Arthur Henry Johnson, M.A.,
Caution money ;^30, returnable on
All Souls'.
removal of the name from the books.
Tutor in Mathematics.
Charles Joseph Faulkner, M.A. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
There are seventeen Scholarships
Tutor in Classics and Theology. open to candidates not exceeding nine-
Albert Sidney Chavasse, B.C.L., teen years of age, of the annual value of
M.A. £80 each. They are tenable for two
Fellows. years, which term may be extended to
Charles Joseph Faulkner, M.A. four, and in special cases even to five
Albert Sidney Chavasse, B.C.L., years. Of the Exhibitions the Heron
M.A. and the Lodge (two), annual value £']0y
Rev. Sydney William Skeffington, are open to all persons in need of sup-
M.A. port at the University, not being more
Edward John Payne, M.A. than twenty-one years of age, or of six
Arthur Dendy, B.C.L. terms' standing ; the Freeston (three),
Frank Hesketh Peters, M.A. ;^5o a year each, are restricted to the
Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare,
M.A. Grammar Schools of Normanton, Wake-
Joseph Thomas Cunningham, B.A. field, Pontefract, and SwiUington ;
Lewis Amherst Selby Bigge, B.A. while the Gunsley (four), £45 a year
John Thomas Augustus Haines, B.A. each, are open students of the
to
Reginald Walter Mac an, M.A. Grammar Schools of Rochester and
123 UNI-UNI
Maidstone. These Exhibitions are of Magdalen, Hope Professor of Zoology.
tenable in the same manner as the Experimental Philosophy {see Claren-
Scholarships. don Laboratory). Chemistry (south
FELLOWSHIPS. annex), William Odling, M.A., Fellow
The number of P'ellowships is twelve, of Worcester, Waynflete Professor of
in addition to the Stowell Civil Law Chemistry. Geology, Joseph Prestwich,
Fellowship. With certain exceptions M.A. Christ Church, Professor. Mine-
Fellowships are vacated at the end of ralogy, M. H. Nevil Story- Maskelyne,
seven years. Prselectors or Tutors are ap- M.A., Hon. Fellow of Wadham, Wayn-
pointed for renewable periods of twelve flete Professor of Mineralogy. Radcliffe
years, and may receive, in addition to Library {which see) and University Con-
the ordinary emolument of a Fellow, servatory, Charles Pritchard, D.D.,
£loo a year from the Corporate Revenue Fellow of New College, Savilian Pro-
and a varying sum from the Tuition fessor of Astronomy. The Museum,
Fund. Prselectors and Tutors are per- the keeper of which is Edward Burnett
mitted, under certain conditions, to Tylor, M.A., Hon. D.C.L. Balliol, is
marry. open to members of the University
EXPENSES. from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and to visitors
Tuition fee, jf 25 perannum ; room- from 2 p.m. to 4p.m. Full particulars
rent, from £() ds. to £\% i8j.; furni- as to lectures, fees, etc. can be obtained
,
ten drawings by Turner, executed for when it has been read, and the consent
the Oxford University Almanack ; a of the Doctors and Masters present has
number of sketches presented by Pro- been asked, the Vice-Chancellor, after
fessor Ruskin; and the Eldon Art shortly speaking of his office and the
Library. In the gallery which contains events of the year, and lodging the
the Raffaelle and Michael Ahgelo draw- Statute Book, keys, and Chancellor's
ings, which are of the greatest art value, seal of office in the hands of the
13 a copy, supposed to be by Giulio Proctors, is to leave the chair to his
Romano, of the School of Athens fresco, successor.
by Raffaelle, in the Vatican. The pic- " The oath of allegiance to the
ture gallery contains a number of works Queen and of fidelity to the duties of
of varying merit. Among them will be his office is then administered by the
found some curious specimens of the Senior Proctor to the new Vice-Chan-
earlier masters of the Florentine school cellor, who receives the insignia of ^
scenes from the life of Caesar Aretino ; officeabove mentioned, and after going
an upright landscape with cattle, Gains- up to the chair and making a short
borough ; horses with figures hunting, speech, he is to deliver into the hands
G. Morland ; landscape, R. Wilson ; a of the Proctor a paper containing the
small landscape, John Constable ; two names of four Heads of Colleges whom
fine Sir Joshuas, one a portrait of Mrs. he chooses to act as his deputies, and
Meyrick, the other James Paine, archi- who take similar oaths to that sworn
tect, and his son ; Hogarth's sketch for by himself.
the Enraged Musician ; the Flute Player, " This done, he shall in the first
Caraveggio ; a Sea-shore, Willarts ; the instance, accompanied by the Doctors
Village Surgeon, Teniers ; Pilgrimage and Masters, see the Vice-Chancellor
of Roman Virgins, Fillipo Lippi. of the former year home, and he must
There are also examples of, or attributed then be invited home by the same
to, Van Dyck, Fra Angelico, Opie, persons, dressed in the habit befitting
Snyders, Zoffany, Canaletto, Andrea their degrees."
del Sarto, and Paolo Veronese. Among Whatever is competent by the Statutes
the pictures attributed to Canaletto are or customs of the University to the
views of Chelsea, Greenwich, Lambeth, Chancellor, when present, may in his
and the Temple Gardens. absence be done by the Vice-Chan-
cellor, except that in weighty matters
Vice -Chancellor. — This, the the advice of the former must be taken.
most important office in the University, The Vice-Chancellor must reside in
is filled by nomination of the Chan- the University, except when the affairs
cellor. The appointment is for one of the University or urgent private
year. The holder may be reappointed, business necessitate his absence. He
and usually continues in office for four is to take care that the discipline of the
years, or any other Head of a College University is maintained, and that the
may be nominated, by letter of the Proctors and other officers carry out
'
Chancellor, to succeed him ; the person the duties of their appointments, that
so nominated is bound not to decline the Sheriff and Under- Sheriff of Oxford-
the office. The following is the form shire give their annual security, that
of admission : "The Vice-Chancellor, the market is properly regulated, and
on receipt of the Chancellor's letter, that the streets of the city are kept pro-
wherein he nominates the Vice-Chan- perly cleaned and repaired, etc.
cellor of the following year, shall . . . The annual income is made up to
at a Convocation appointed for the £600 from the University Chest. The
purpose shortly before the beginning of present Vice-Chancellor is Benjamin
Michaelmas Term, hand the letter to Jowett, M.A., Master of Balliol.
the Senior Proctor to read aloud ; and The Vice-Chancellor's deputies for
125 VIC—WAD
the year 1886 are the Master of Pem- The ranges are situated at South
rifle
broke, the Principal of Jesus, the Pre- Hinksey, about a mile from the city.
sident of St. John's, and the Principal The matches at Wimbledon in which
of Hertford. the Universities meet are those for the
Chancellor's Challenge Plate and the
Vinerian Law Scholarsliips, Humphry Challenge Cup. In 1885,
The, three in number, are tenable for during the trial for the former event,
three years, each being of the annual
Oxford scored a total of 610 against
value of £80. One scholar is elected
606 made by Cambridge ; but, owing to
every Hilary Term, from candidates
the rifle used by Mr. Joyce not standing
who have completed two years, and
the test for trigger-pull, the winning
who have not exceeded six years from
matriculation. Each scholar has to satisfy
team was disqualified. An offer to
shoot the match over again was made,
the Vice-Chancellor every year that he is
but the Council considered that such a
a member of one of the Inns of Court,
course would form an inconvenient
or is studying English Law.
precedent. The Oxford men were
Visitatorial Board.— (^^^ Lieutenant Foulkes, Corporal Barnett,
Governing Body.) Lieutenant Strange, Captain Russel-
—
Volunteers. The Oxford Uni- Rendle, Private Whitehouse, Private
versity Rifle Volunteer Corps forms the Joyce, Colour- Sergeant Hard wick,
First Volunteer Battalion of the Oxford- and Corporal Wilkinson. Oxford, the
shire Light Infantry. The Colonel is holders of the Humphry Cup, again
Field-Marshal H.R.H. the Prince of succeeded in retaining the trophy, having
Wales, the Lieutenant-Colonel G. made a total of 706 as against 662
Herbert Morrell, and Adjutant Captain scored by Cambridge. In this match
W. H. Holbeach, Brevet - Major Oxford was represented by Lieutenant
K.R.R.C. The uniform of the Corps Foulkes, Private Evered, Captain
is scarlet, with dark blue facings. Russel-Rendle, and Corporal Barnett.
WADHAM COLLEGE.
WadhAM College, Park Road, opposite the gardens of Trinity College,
was founded in 1 610, on the site of a monastery of the Austin or Augustine
Friars, by Dorothy Wadham, according to the wishes of her husband,
Nicholas, who died in 1609. The buildings are Gothic. The entrance
gate is under a square tower with a handsome window, and in the
quadrangle on the eastern side are the Chapel and Hall.
The Hall has a fine though rather heavy open timber roof, and
a good oak screen of curious design. The portraits of Nicholas and
Dorothy Wadham hang with others on the walls, amongst them being
a portrait of Dr. Wright, the first Warden. Tradition has it that it was
the foundress's intention to marry Dr. Wright, and to take up her quarters
with him in the Warden's Lodge. Whether or no Dr. Wright was a con-
senting party to this arrangement, and obtained the office of Warden
under condition that he took the lady as one of the fixtures, does not very
clearly appear. After his appointment he certainly preferred to remain
single. Whether it was a case of breach of promise, or only of mis-
placed confidence, the spretce injuria formce asserted itself, and it was
made a condition that the Warden should be henceforth a bachelor. It
was not until the beginning of the present century that this restriction was
abolished, although it is on record that Oliver Cromwell, who had a way
WAD—WAD 126
of his own of dealing with pious founders and statutes which were not to
his hking, granted a special dispensation to Dr. Wilkins, one of the
founders of the Royal Society, the Warden in his time, whose portrait
will be found in the Hall.
The Chapel is a remarkably fine building, and is particularly notice-
able for its old stained glass, the work of Bernard van Ling in the
year 1622, as is shown by the date on the great east window. The
glass for this and other windows in the Chapel was made in the precincts
of the College. In the ante-chapel is the good marble tomb of Sir John
Portman, with date 1624.
The garden of Wadham, though not so extensive as the pleasaunces
of many other Colleges, is very prettily designed and laid out, and
contains numerous fine trees, among which the cedars are prominent.
Sir Christopher Wren; Lord Westbury ; Admiral Blake ; .Sydenham,
the translator of Plato ; and Dr. Wilkins, founder of the Royal Society,
are among the best-known Wadham men.
Visitor. Fellows.
The Bishop of Bath and Wells. Henry King, M.A.
Warden. Richard Calthorpe Whitmore
George Erlam Horley, M.A., elected
Ryder, M.A.
in 1881.
Rev. Robert Henry Codrington,
M.A.
Sub- Warden. Ernest Ridsdale Ellaby, M.A.
Rev. Patrick Arkley Henderson, Alfred Stowe, M.A.
M.A. Rev. Patrick Arkley Henderson,
Senior Bursar. M.A.
Henry Studdy Theobald, M.A. Herbert Paul Richards, M.A.
Junior Bursar. Henry Studdy Theobald, M.A.
Joseph Wells, M.A. Robert Bellamy Clifton, M.A.
Joseph Wells, M.A.
Librarian.
Herbert Paul Richards, M.A Honorary Fellows.
Tutors.
Mervin Herbert Nevil Story-
Rev. Patrick Arkley Henderson, Maskelyne, M.A.
M.A Thomas Graham Jackson, M.A.
Herbert Paul Richards, M.A.
Joseph Wells, M.A. ADMISSION.
The subjects of the Examinations are :
Lecturers.
Rev. Patrick Arkley Henderson,
One Greek and one Latin author
M.A. {Divinity).
Translation from English into Latin
Thomas Bowman, M.A. {Mathematics). Prose ; Greek and Latin Grammar
John Charles Wilson, M.A, B.C.L. Arithmetic ; the first two books of
{Jurisprudence). Euclid, or Algebra up to Simple
Charles Robert Leslie Fletcher, Equations inclusive. Admission fee
M.A., All Souls* {Modern History). £^, Caution money ;£"30, returnable on
William Lewis Morgan, M.A. {Natu- removal of the name from the books of
ral Science). the College.
Henry Deane, B.D. {Hebrew),
Chaplains.
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
Rev. Patrick Arkley Henderson, The eighteen Scholarships include
M.A. five on the foundation of Dr. Hody,
Rev. Anthony Lawson Mayhew, M.A. and are of the annual value, inclusive
127 WAD—WAS
of rooms, of ;^8o each. Of the Hody is dulland uninviting. The average
Scholarships two are given for pro- Undergraduate is no " naturalist, " and
ficiency in Hebrew and three for it is usually some interest in Botany,
WORCESTER COLLEGE.
Worcester College, facing the end of Beaumont Street, was founded
in 1714 by Sir Thomas Cookes, on the site of Gloucester Hall, a Bene-
dictine establishment dating from 1283. The principal attraction to
visitors at Worcester will undoubtedly be the gardens, which are of con-
siderable size, and contain a fine sheet of water apparently well stocked
with fish, including, according to local tradition, pike of that abnormal
size only obtained in waters where fishing is prohibited. Here, during
Commemoration, is held the Flower Show. The Hall is a fine room, and
is surrounded by oak panelling with the armorial bearings and names of
members who subscribed towards its erection. The mantelpiece is of an
elaborate character. The Chapel is gorgeously decorated with mediaeval
groups on dead-gold ground, and the roof is richly ornamented in similar
style, the whole after a design by Mr. Burges. The fine tesselated marble
pavement contains portraits of King Alfred, Bede, and many saints, in-
cluding St. Oswald, St. Boniface, St. Gregory, etc. In the language of an
ecclesiological critic, Worcester Chapel is one of the richest interior in the
University, and one of the finest examples of the Renaissance in England.
Among notable Worcester men are Coryate, the traveller Lovelace, ;
the poet ;De Quincey, " the English Opium-Eater ;" and Samuel Foote,
the actor and dramatist.
Visitor. Tutor.
The Lord High Chancellor of Thomas Watson Jackson, M.A.
Great Britain. Lecturers not on the Foundation.
Provost.
J. E. Thorold Rogers, M.A. {Political
Rev.Wm. Inge, M.A., appointed in 1881. Economy).
Vice-Provost. R. W. Massy Pope, B.D. {Divinity).
William Odling, M.A. Rev. Walter Lock, M.A., Magdalen
Bursar. {Divinity).
Rev.Chas. Henry Olive Daniel, M.A. Rev. John Henry Mee, M.A., Mertofi
{Ancient History).
Dean.
Thomas Watson Jackson, M.A. Rev. Arthur Henry Johnson, M.A.,
All Souls' {Modern History).
Mathematical Lecturer. F. C. Conybeare, M.A. {Ancient
Henry Tresawna Gerrans, M.A. Philosophy).
Law Lectiirer and Librarian. William Henry Hadow, B.A. {Literce
Henry Allison Pottinger, M.A. Humaniores).
WOR~ZOO 134
Fellows. School. The next Classical Scholarship
Rev. James Hannay, M.A. Examination will be in the Easter
Rev. George Stott, M.A. vacation, 1886; the next Mathematical
Rev. Charles Henry Browne, M.A. in November, 1885.
Rev. Robert Blayney Wright, M.A. FELLOWSHIPS.
Rev. Henry Moore, M.A. [M.A. These are nine or ten in number,
Rev. Charles Henry Olive Daniel, tenable for seven years, and each worth
Thomas Watson Jackson, M.A. from ;i^i50 to jC^oo a year. Tutors or
James William Browne, M.A., M.B.
Lecturers are appointed for a period of
"
THE UNIVERSITY OF
-
CAMBRIDGE x ^o-i
I885-I886
{SECOND YEAR)
EDITED BY
CHARLES DICKENS
POLO
G R O U N O
BARTOW RQAP
\Sii«aitBrooksDay JtSon Irfh.
A DICTIONARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.
Abbey Church.— The Abbey self (in Latin for the Divinity degree,
Church, or St. Andrew's-the-Less, in English for the others) on some sub-
formerly part of Barnwell Abbey, is ject approved by the Regius Professor
a good example of the Early English of Physic, Civil Law, or Divinity re-
style. The triplet of lancet windows spectively ; and the Professor or his
at the east end is particularly beautiful. deputy brings forward arguments or
objections in English for the candidate
Abbott Scholarships (two of to answer, and examines him in English
;^6oforthreeyears), and Bell (two annu- orally as well in questions connected
ally of ;^57 for four years), in Divinity, with his thesis as on other subjects in
Mathematics, and Classics, are for the Faculty of a more general nature ;
Undergraduates in their first year, sons the whole exercise being made to last
of clergymen being preferred. at least an hour. The degree cannot
A b S i t — Every
. Undergraduate
be obtained, unless the Professor or his
deputy consider this exercise to have
wishing to leave Cambridge for a whole
day, whether including a night or not,
been satisfactory. For the M.D. de-
gree the candidate before reading his
must obtain an " absit " from his Tutor.
thesis has also to write an extempore
Permission to go away for a longer
essay on one of four topics submitted
period, either at the end of the term
to him, relating severally to Physiology,
or in the middle, is called an ** exeat,"
and no Undergraduate should go down Pathology, Practice of Medicine, and
without obtaining his " exeat." State Medicine, and the oral examina-
tion, which is somewhat prolonged, is
Act. — Candidates for the degrees of restricted to the three last-named sub-
jects, and the subjects of the
Bachelor and Doctor of Medicine, and thesis
of Doctor of Laws, and also for the and essay.
B.D. degree (unless a dissertation is Adams Prize (about ;^i6o) is
presented instead), have to passa Special given biennially for a Mathematical
Examination in the public schools, which Essay, open to all Graduates. Subject
is called keeping an Act, and is con- for Essay, to be sent in on or before
ducted in the following way The can-
: December i6, 1886, is " EUipsoidal
didate reads a thesis composed by him- and Spheroidal Harmonic Analysis."
B 2
) —"
ADA— ANA A
{See full particulars of this thesis in the ing to those that they have kept. A
Calendar. Graduate of either of the above-named
A.D.C. — The Cambridge Amateur Universities may be admitted by incor-
Dramatic Club is a famous old institu- poration to the same degree or degrees
tion, which performs annually for four
as those which his own University had
or six nights in the October Term.
conferred upon him, if such admission
Its origin and early history are given
be approved by a special Grace of the
in Mr. Burnand's "Personal Reminis- Senate, the candidate having previously
resided at Cambridge during the greater
cences of the A.D.C." (Chapman and
part of one term at the least, or in
Hall.)
default thereof holding some office
Addenbrooke's Hospital. — either in the University or in one of
This hospital, founded in 1719 by Dr. the Colleges. {See also Affiliated
Addenbrooke's will, has now a long and Colleges.)
handsome front, standing back from
Trumpington Street. It is a " general
Admission to Degrees.— (-5V^
Degree Day.)
hospital, with accommodation for 120
patients. Medical students in the Uni- Aegrotat. — A candidate for
versity have opportunities of gaining
Honours in any Tripos, who is pre-
here a considerable foundation of know- vented by illness or any other sufficient
ledge and experience, as much attention cause from attending part of the
is given to the teaching side of the
Examination, may receive an Aegrotat
institution ; but naturally they require
degree, if, in the opinion of the Ex-
aminers, he has so far acquitted himself
to walk, for a short period at the end of
as to deserve either {a) an Honours
their course, one of the larger London
degree, or {h) an Ordinary degree ;
hospitals to complete their training.
or {c) he may be excused the General
Additional Hxamiuation. Examination for the Ordinary degree.
Candidates for Honours (except selected
candidates for the Civil Service of India)
Aegrotat Term is one allowed
to count a^ having been kept, although
are required to pass, besides the two parts
an Undergraduate has been prevented by
of the Previous Examination [which see)^
illness or other very urgent cause from
the Additional Examination in Mathe-
residing for the whole of the necessary
matics. The ** Additionals" consist of three-fourths. (6'f^ Residence.)
three papers: (i), Algebra as far as
Logarithms ; (2), Elementary Trigono- Affiliated Colleges.— Any per-
metry ; (3), Elementary Mechanics.
son who has completed a course of three
years at an Affihated College, in accord-
Admission. — Members ofthe ance with regulations to be prescribed
University must be first members of from time to time by the University,
one or other of the Colleges or Hostels, and who has passed the Examinations
or else Non-Collegiate Students. The connected with that course in prescribed
mode of admission to these bodies is subjects, is entitled to be excused the
described under the separate Colleges, Previous Examination, and further to
etc. Membership of the University is reckon the first term kept by residence
then obtained by Matriculation {which at the University as the fourth term,
see). provided he obtains a B.A. degree by
Admission from other Uni- any Tripos. The Colleges at present
versities. — Students in stahi pupil- affiliated to Cambridge are University
lari who have kept terms by bond fide College, Nottingham, and St.
residence at the University of Oxford David's College, Lampeter.
or of Dublin, and migrate to Cam- Anatomy, Professor of.—
bridge, are allowed terms correspond- Founded 1707 ; election now regulated
;;
> ANA-ARC
by the 1882 Statutes [see Professors), placed in the new Archaeological Mu-
stipend being 3^600, exclusive of fees seum [which see).
(£400, if Professor holds a Fellowship or
Headship). The Professor is assisted by Arabic, Professors of.— There
a Demonstrator (stipend ;£"200, raised are two Professorships of Arabic, which
for present Demonstrator, A. Hill, may be held in conjunction i founded
: ( )
M.A., M.B., to £250), who, besides by Sir T. Adams, 1632. Future elec-
demonstrating, helps to look after the tions will be regulated by the 1882
Anatomical Museum. The present Statutes [see Profes.^ors). The sti-
Professor is A. Macalister, M.D. pend is now 3C500, but will be £700
^Dublin), F.R.S., Fellow of St. John's. on the next vacancy. The present Pro-
fessor is W. Wright, LL.D., Fellow
Anglo-Saxon, Elrington and of Queens'. (2) The Lord Almoner's
Bos worth Professor of —This Professor of Arabic, appointed
Professorship was founded, 1878, from an (since 1724) by the Lord Almoner,
endowment left by Dr. Bosworth, Pro- with a stipend of ;^50 paid from the
fessor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford, and Almonry bounty. The present Professor
his wife (formerly Mrs. Elrington). is W. Robertson Smith, LL.D.
The stipend is about ;^5oo, and the (Aberdeen), Fellow of Christ's.
electors are the Vice-Chancellor, the
Oxford Professor of Anglo-Saxon, the Archaeological Museum. —
Masters of Trinity, Caius, and Corpus, The Archaeological Museum, a mean
and the Professors of Greek, Modern building externally, behind the Church
of St. Mary the Less, was opened in
History, and Sanskrit. The Professor
is W. W. Skeat, M.A., Fellow of May, 1884. It consists of two parts, the
Christ's.
Museum of Classical Archaeology, inclu-
ding four Galleries containing over 600
Antiquarian Society (Cam- Casts, a Library, and a Lecture Theatre
l}ridge). —This society pursues the and the Museum of General and Local
study of History, Architecture, and Archaeology, occupying four other gal-
Antiquities, both local and general. leries. The Classical Section is really a
With these objects in view it holds portion of the Fitzwilliam Museum,
about two meetings every term, indulges which would have been enlarged to
in occasional excursions, and issues pub- contain it, if the site had permitted
lications from time to time. The affairs the Casts were some of them previously
of the society are managed by a Council, in that Museum, and the rest have been
elected from such of the members as purchased from the accumulations of
are Graduates of the University ; but the Fitzwilliam income. The collec-
ordinary members need not belong to tion, which is arranged chronologi-
the University. The subscription is cally, is perhaps second only to that at
one guinea a year, or ten guineas for Berlin.
life. Any person, not being resident in The public are admitted every week-
the county of Cambridge, nor a member day, except Friday, from 10 to 4 (10
of the University, may be elected hono- to 6 in summer months). Fridays are
rary member, with right to attend reserved for members of the University
meetings and to receive all publications and friends accompanying them. The
of the society. In balloting for the Museum is closed on Sunday, Christ-
election of members, one black ball in mas Day, Ash Wednesday, Good Friday,
four excludes. The collections and and Ascension Day.
library belonging to the Cambridge The Museum of General and Local
Antiquarian Society were, at the end of Archaeology was most of it presented
1883, handed over to the University, on certain conditions by the Anti-
•under certain conditions, and are now quarian Society, and is under the
:
ARC—AST
management of the Antiquarian Com- later term of residence ; (ii. ) one or
mittee, partly appointed by that more of the following ten Triposes,
Society, and partly by the Fitzwilliam generally at the end of the third year,
Museum Syndicate. The General viz.. Mathematical, Classical, Mora!
Section includes important ethno- Sciences, Natural Sciences, Theologi-
logical collections from Fiji, and casts cal, Law, Historical, Semitic Lan-
of some remarkable sculptures from guages, Indian Languages, and Medieval
Central America ; and the Local and Modern Languages (for subjects and
Section consists of numerous specimens further particulars see Mathematical
of Roman, Saxon, and Medieval Tripos, etc. ). Examiners in any Tripos
pottery, etc., discovered in the Eastern may declare candidates who do not de-
counties. The Museum is open usually serve Honours to have acquitted them-
from lo to 5. The Curator is Baron selves so as to deserve an Ordinary de-
Anatole von Hiigel. gree, or so as to deserve to be excused
the General Examination ; and such
Archaeology, Bisney Profes-
—
sor of. Founded in 185 1 by Mr. John candidates will be admitted to the B.A.
degree without further examination, or
Disney. The stipend is about ;^ioo,
after passing one of the Special Exami-
and the electors are the Vice-Chan-
nations for the Ordinary degree respec-
cellor and Heads of Colleges. The
tively ; but no student may be a candi-
Professor, who is elected for hve years,
date for the same Honours Examination
but may be re-elected, must deliver at
least six lectures during the year on
more than once {see also Aegrotat and
Classical, Medieval, or other an-
Degrading). The above Examinations
having been passed, the student is
tiquities, including Art and all things
therewith connected. The present Pro-
admitted to the title of Bachelor Desig-
Percy Gardner, M.A. nate in Arts at a Congregation {see
fessor is
Degree Day); and a Bachelor Designate
Arts, Proceedings —
in. TheB.A. becomes a complete Bachelor of Arts
or Bachelor of Arts degree can be taken by Inauguration on the last day, or last
after a residence of nine terms, or three but one, of the following Michaelmas
years, if the following Examinations for Term. A B.A. may be admitted tO'
an Ordinary or Honours degree respec- incept in Arts {i.e. to the title of Master
tively have been previously passed, viz. of Arts) at any time after three years
(A.) for an Ordinary B.A. or "Poll" have passed from the completion of his
degree, (i.) the Previous Examination, Bachelor's degree ; and an Inceptor of
open to all students in their first or any Arts becomes a complete Master of
later term of residence ; (ii. ) the Gene- Arts with all the privileges of the
ral Examination, open to all students degree by Creation on the Tuesday
who have entered on their fourth term immediately preceding the last day
'at least, having previously kept three of Easter Term. Candidates are not
terms and passed the Previous Exami- obliged to be present at the com-
nation ; (iii. ) a Special Examination in pletion of their B.A. or M.A. degree,
one of seven branches of study, open but the names being read over, in a
(all students who have entered on certain order, the Senior Proctor pro-
their ninth term at least, having pre- nounces them to be actually Bachelors
viously kept eight terms and passed or Masters of Arts.
the Previous and General Exami- Astronomy, Professors of—
nations {see Previous, General, mtd The Plumian Professorship of
(i.)
Special Examinations). (B.) For a Astronomy and Experimental
B.A. degree in Honours, (i. )the Previous Philosophy, founded 1704 by Dr.
Examination, including the Additional Plume, Archdeacon of Rochester, to
Examination, in the first or any which the election is- now regulated by
AST-ATH
the 1882 Statutes {see Professors). the University Handicaps, and the Uni-
The stipend is £800 (3^600 if held versity Sports ; the last is the meeting
with a Fellowship or Headship). The by which mainly the competitors against
present Professor is G. H. Darwin, Oxford are selected, but a man who is
M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity. second or third in one of the events is
(2.)The LowNDEAN Professorship not necessarily chosen by the Committee
OF Astronomy and Geometry, to compete in the corresponding event
founded 1749 by Thomas Lowndes; against Oxford. The Inter- University
the electors are the Vice-Chancellor, Sports are usually held at Lillie Bridge
the Presidents of the Royal Society and the day before the Boat Race.
the Royal Astronomical Society, the The Cambridge University Athletic
Astronomer Royal, and the Lucasian, Sports took place on March 11 and 13,
Plumian, and Lowndean Professors. 1885, with the following results, as re-
The stipend of the present Professor, garded the events for which candidates
J. C.Adams, M.A., F.R.S.,F.R.A.S., had to be selected to represent their
Fellow of Pembroke, is about ;^450 a University against Oxford.
year, and he receives also ;^250 as
Director of the Observatory. On the
Throwing the Hammer.
ford (King's), 98 ft. 3 in., I ;
—H. Neilson
J. R. Or-
next vacancy the salary will be ;^8oo. (Clare), 89 ft. 2 in., 2; H. D. Taylor
(Peterhouse), 3 in., 3.
Athenseum Club.— This Club %(> ft.
exists for social purposes. There are Wide Tump.—Y. B. Roberts (Sel-
not more than twenty members, and the wyn), 21 ft. 10 in., I ; F. C. Palmer
subscription is about £4 a term. The (John's), 21 ft. %yz in., 2.
Club rooms are at 23, Trinity Street. One Mile.—]. C. Waters (Jesus), i ;
Athletic Club, Cambridge H. Armytage (Jesus), 2 ; S. H. Whate-
TJniversity. —Each College Athletic ley (Queens'), 3. Won by 25 yds. Five
yards between second and third. Time,
Club pays to the C.U.AX. a poll-tax
of a year on each of its members,
2s. 6d. 4 min. 35 sec. Ten ran.
who thereby become members of the Putting the Weight.— E. O'F. Kelly
University Club. Any member of the (Caius), 37 ft. 6 in., i ; A. G. Paterson
University whose College has no Club (Queens'), 34 ft. 9 in., 2 ; H. Neilson
may join the C.U.A.C. by paying (Clare), 33 ft. 10 in., 3.
2s. 6d. direct to that Club. The Presi-
dent (or, in his absence, the Secretary)
One Hundred Yards. — H. E. Booty
(Clare), i ; C. H. Lowe (Trinity), 2 ;
of each College Club, and any who E. B. Brutton (Jesus), 3. Booty showed
have competed in the Inter-University good form and won by 2 yds. Half
Sports, may attend and vote at the that distance divided second and third.
general meetings, and from these are Time, io|- sec.
chosen the officers and Committee. The
One Hundred and Twenty Yards,
President of the C.U.B.C. and Captain
over Hurdles (10 flights).—J. R. Orford
of the C. U. C. C. are also ex-officio mem-
(King's), I ; S. Joyce (Caius), 2 ; S. O.
bers of the Committee, which has the
Purves (Queens'), 3. Won by half a
entire management of all the University
sports and the selection of the competi-
yard. A
foot divided the second and
third. Time, 17 sec.
tors for the several events against Ox-
ford. Competitors for the University —
High Jump. S. O. Purves (Queens'),
or Inter - University sports must not 5 ft. 7X in., I ; L. Barlow (Pembroke),
have completed their fourth year of 5 ft. 2^ in., 2.
ATH— AYE
3. Won easily by 4 yds. Half a Throwing the Hammer. — ^J.
R. Or-
yard separated the second and third. ford (King's, Cambridge), 99ft. 7 in., i ;
Time, 52f sec. H. Neilson (Clare, Cambridge), 95 ft^
130 yds., 20 yds. between second and One Hundred and Tweiity Yardy,
third. Time, 15 min. 33! sec. Seven over Ten Hurdles. —
A. M'Neill (Trinity,.
ran. Oxford), I ; J. R. Orford (King's, Cam-
bridge), 2; H. T. Bowlby (Balliol,
THE INTER-UNIVERSITY Oxford), o ; S. Joyce (Caius, Cam-
SPORTS took place at Lillie Bridge, bridge), o. Won by 8 yds., in 17*- sec.
on March 27, 1885, Oxford winning by Wide Jump. — A.
Grant- Asher G.
5^ events to 3>^. The results were (Brasenose, Oxford), 19 ft. 10 in., I ;
as follows :
F. B. Roberts (Selwyn, Cambridge),
Putting the Weight),—']. H. Ware 19 ft. 8;^ in., 2; F. C. Palmer (St.
(Brasenose, Oxford), 36 ft. 11 in., i ; John's, Cambridge), 19 ft. ^% in., o;
E. O'F. Kelly (Caius, Cambridge), H. G. Farrant (New, Oxford), 19 ft.
35 ft. 4 in., 2 ; A. G. Paterson 2% in., o.
(Queens', Cambridge), 32 ft. 9>^ in., o ; Three Miles. —
E. F. W. Eliot
E. Money-Wigram (Oriel, Oxford), 3 1 ft. (Trinity, Cambridge), i ; J. H. A.
I in., o. Marshall (University, Oxford), 2 ; E.
One Hundred Yards. — H. E. Booty de L. Collinson (New, Oxford), o
L. W. Reed (St. John's, Cambridge), o
(Clare, Cambridge), i ; A. S. Blair ,-
BIG— BOA 10
I BOA— BOA
W. p. Gore-Graham, Caius ; J. E. G. (Emmanuel), W. A. D. Bell (Trinity
Bigwood, Trinity Hall ; J. C. Brown, Hall), and W. H. Macpherson (First
Lady Margaret ; W. H. Perrott, First Trinity), having been defeated in the
Trinity N. P. Symonds, Lady Mar-
; preliminary heats.
garet (stroke) ; L. R. Tanner, Clare
(cox.). BoatRaces, Inter-Collegiate
There are three annual competitions —These eight-oared races are rowed
rowed in heats as time races for the — in three divisions {see Plan of the
Cam is not wide enough for two boats Course at end of this volume) the
:
BOA-BOT 12
names as *' First Trinity Third " and Division finished as follows, i. First
"Third Trinity First." The .races, Trinity 3 ; 2, Lady Margaret 2 ; 3, St-
both in the Lent and May Terms, are Peter's ; 4, Magdalene ; 5, Caius 2 ; 6,
witnessed by multitudes of men, who Emmanuel ; 7, Downing ; 8, Corpus
; 9,
chiefly frequent the towing-path, and First Trinity 4; 10, Cavendish; 11^
many run with one or other of the Third Trinity 2 ; 12, Pembroke 2; 13,.
boats; those who have further breath King's ; 14, Queens' ; 15, St. Catha-
to spare shouting appropriate words of rine's ; 16, Trinity Hall 4.
encouragement. The meadows on the
The Lent Term Races in 1885 were
opposite bank are sprinkled at the Lent
concluded on 28th of February. The
Races and crowded at the May Races
following lists show the order of starting,
with ladies and others who prefer quiet
and finishing in each division
to rushing. On an early evening after :
the May Races the Boat Procession is Second Division. Start: i, First —
held in the small stretch of the river be- Trinity 3 ; 2, Downing ; 3, St. Peter's -^
tween King's and Clare Bridges. The 4, Caius 2 ; 5, Corpus ; 6, Magdalene ;
authorities of King's allow their large 7, Selwyn ; 8, Third Trinity 2 ; 9,
-lawn to be trampled by "the profane Queens'; 10, King's; 11, Catha-
St.
crowd " for this one day of the year, and rine's ; 12, First Trinity 4 ; Caven-
13,
the meadow on the west side of the dish; 14, Emmanuel; 15, Sidney; 16^
river with the bridges are reserved for Lady Margaret 3.
ticket-holders. The eights row past in
order, adorned with flags and flowers,
Second Division. Finish i. First— :
after the racing in 1885, which con- 13, Clare 2 ; 14, Trinity Hall 6 ; 15,
cluded on June 16, were as follows. Corpus 2 ; 16, Non- Collegiate.
Start: I, Jesus; 2, Trinity Hall; 3, Third Division. Finish I, Trinity — :
3 ; 13, Jesus 2 ; 14, Selwyn ; 15, First were unsuccessful till 1762, when
Trinity 3 ; and those in the Second Richard Walker, D.D., formerly Vice-
13 BOT—CAB
Master of Trinity, founded a garden on Browne Scholarship. ~ {See
the site of the New Museums in Down- Craven Scholarship.)
ing Street. The Garden was removed Browne's Medals (value £5 5^.
in 1 83 1 to apiece of land of nearly forty each) are given to such resident
acres on the Trumpington Road. It Undergraduates as shall compose
has been tastefully laid out, and affords (i) the best exercise in Greek verse in
ample facilities for the study of Botany. Hexameter, Elegiac, or Lyric metre,
It includes an arboretum and extensive not to exceed 100 lines ; (2) the best
greenhouses containing many rare Latin ode, not to exceed 30 stanzas, in
plants. The centre of the ground is imitation of Horace ; (3) the best Greek
occupied by a pond for aquatic plants, epigram, after the model of the Antho-
and an artificial morass for rearing bog logia ; (4) the best Latin epigram, after
plants. The front entrance to the Gar- the model of Martial. The subjects for
den is in the Trumpington Road, on these medals to be awarded in 1886
the "High Path," sometimes called are (i) for the Greek verse (Elegiacs),
the *' Wranglers' Walk." The back "Pericles;" (2) for the Latin ode,
entrance is at the junction of Bateman **Mons Palatinus ;" (3) for the Greek
and Panton Streets. The Garden is epigram, *<
Geo? e/c fJLrjxavrjs;'' (4) foi^
open from 8 a.m. till dusk ; all members the Latin epigram, "Nulla regula sine
of the University and "respectably-
exceptione." The above exercises are
dressed strangers " are admitted, but
to be sent in to the Vice-Chancellor
only University teachers and students
privately on or before Feb. i, 1886.
can obtain permission from the Curator
(R. I. Lynch, F.L.S.) to touch the Browning Society (Univer-
plants. —
sity). The object of this Society is
the study of such modern literature as
Botany, Professor of. — requires elucidation, especially the
Founded 1 724 election now regulated
; works of Mr. Robert Browning. Mem-
by the 1882 Statutes. {See Profes- bers are entitled to the publications of
sors.) The present stipend is £300, the Society free.
to
The
be raised on next vacancy
present Professor is C. C.
to £700.
Babing-
Bull - dogs. — {See Proctors'
Men.)
TON, M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.
Bumey Prize (about_ ;^io5) is
CAIUS COLLEGE.
This College was founded under the name of Gonville Hall, in 1348,
by Edmund Gonville, Rector of Terrington, in Norfolk. The original
site was between Free School Lane and St. Botolph's Church. Before
the Hall was fully established Gonville died, and left to his executor,
William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, the management of the institution.
Bateman in 1353 made an exchange of the site with the Guild of Corpus
Christi for the ground where the Gonville Court now stands, and re-
founded the Hall under the name of the ^' Hall of the Annunciation of
Blessed Mary the Virgin." Other benefactors enriched the foundation, and
specially John Kaye, or Caius, M.D., the most learned man of his age, emi-
nent as a classical scholar, physician, anatomist, naturalist, and antiquar>^
He and Mary for refounding this
in 1558 obtained letters patent of Philip
Hall, under which it was and Caius College. The name in
called Gonville
ordinary use is simply Caius (pronounced Keys) College. The first or Tree
Court was enlarged and rebuilt in 1868 by Mr. Waterhouse, the architect, in
the style of the French Baronial mansions of the time of Francis I., such as
Chateau Blois. It is built of Ancaster stone, and the front looking down
King's Parade is particularly fine. Over the gateway are statues of
the three founders, Gonville, Bateman, and Caius ;while the side
along Trinity Street is adorned with medallion busts of thirteen distin-
guished ahcmni of the College, viz.. Bishop Lynwode, J. Caius, Harvey
(discoverer of the circulation of the blood), Dr. Glisson, Dr. Wollaston,
Jeremy Taylor, Bishop Cosin, Samuel Clarke (the metaphysician), Jeremy
Collier, Jan Gruter (professor at Heidelberg), Dr. Brady, Sir T. Gresham
(founder of the Royal Exchange), and Bishop Mackenzie. Inside the
Court is also a statue of Dr. Perse (founder of the Grammar School in
Cambridge, called after his name). The smaller gateway towards Trinity
Street is inscribed with the word " Humihtatis," in recollection of the
original Gate of Humility which Caius built in 1565 at the entrance of
the College, and which is now built into the wall half-way down Senate
House Passage. The second or Caius Court is entered through the Gate
of Virtue, a fine example of Italianised Gothic, built in 1567, according to
Fuller " one of the best pieces of architecture in England." This Court
has hardly been altered at all since Caius built it, with its south side left
open " for fear the air should become foul." The gateway leading from it
to the old schools and the modern Senate House, and called the Gate of
Honour, was built from the designs of Caius after his death. It is very
picturesque, and contains specimens of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian
orders ; but the elaborate carvings are much worn away by the peeling of
the stone. On the north side of the Caius Court is the Chapel, built at
the close of the fourteenth century, but subsequently altered out of all
recognition. Quite recently an apse has been added, together with other
improvements. Conspicuous is the monument of Dr. Caius, a large
alabaster sarcophagus under a canopy supported by Corinthian columns,
with the epitaph "Vivit post funera virtus" round the top, and the
simple inscription "Fui Caius" on the sarcophagus. There are also
15 CAI-OAI
large monuments of Dr. Legge and Dr. Perse. Oyer the communion-
table is a copy of the " Annunciation " by Carlo Maratti. On the floor
of the ante-chapel is a brass to the memory of Martin Davy, D.D.,
Canon of Chichester, and Master of the College 1803-39. By the side of
the Chapel is tht entrance into the third, the old Gonville Court, entirely
refaced with stone and changed from its original appearance in the
eighteenth century. The Hall and Library, as well as the kitchens, are
entered from this Court. The Hall is a modern room, in the Jacobean
style, built, together with the adjacent part of the College, by Salvin, in
1854. Its ceiling and windows are decorated with the armorial bearings
of Masters, benefactors, and distinguished members of the College. It
contains portraits of Caius, Harvey, Baron Alderson, Jeremy Taylor, Dr.
Samuel Clarke, and others. The adjoining Combination Room is equally
handsome, and is adorned with three good portraits by Holbein, of Mr.
and Mrs. Trappes and Mrs. Frankland, benefactors of the College, besides
portraits of Dr. Parr and Dr. Caius. The Library, which is also near the
Hall, contains about 15,000 printed books and 700 MSS., including the
Medical MSS. in Greek and Latin of Dr. Caius, and numerous and im-
portant Heraldic MSS., the gift of Mr. Knight. The Master's Lodge, a
modern and spacious white-brick house, with a garden in front, contains
portraits of several of the former Masters. Caius left to the College what
he called the Caduceus prudentis gtcbernattoms, a silver mace, 2^ feet
long, crowned with four serpents erect and meeting at the head, to be
carried before the Master at College festivals. It is to be noticed that this
College has always been pre-eminently the Medical College, and this
character is in part maintained by the Tancred Medical Studentships {sec
below).
Master, Lecturer in Law.
Rev. Norman Macleod Ferrers, C. H. Monro, M.A.
^••^•^*
•'
Lecturer in Physiology, and Director of
President. Medical Students.
B. H. Drury, M.A. A. S. Lea. M.A.
Tutors. PrcBlector in Chemistry.
J. S. Reid, D.L. M. M. Pattison Muir, M.A.
E. S. Roberts, M.A. ^
'
Dean.
Assistant Tutors. Frederick Wallis, M.A.
J. B. Lock, M.A. „
Vacant Bursar.
A . n^ .r.
•
. E. J. Gross, M.A.
Lecturers in Mathematics. o^ ^
Lock, M.A. Steward.
J. B. ^ „ ,Lock, ^,
Vacant. J- B. M.A.
Lecturers in Classics. Registrary.
E. S. Roberts, M.A. J. B. Lock, M.A.
J.
S. Reid, D.L. Prcelector Rhetoricus.
Lecturer in Divinity. F. Wallis, M.A.
Frederic Wallis, M.A. Librarian.
Lecturer in Moral Science. R. L. Bensly, M.A.
J. Venn, Sc.D., F.R.S. Auditors.
Lecturer i?z Hebrew and Syriac. B. H. Drury, M.A.
R. L. Bensly, M.A. Vacant.
CAI— CAI 16
F.R.S.
Lord Justice Sir Richard Baggal- Examination will be held in the be-
LAY, M.A. ginning of October, 1885, when Entrance
Scholarships, of values varying from
ADMISSION. £^0 tO;^8o, will be offered, and other
Candidates for admission should send Scholarships open to freshmen (irre-
in their names to one of the Tutors with
spective of age).
certificate of character. There is an There are also connected with the
Entrance Examination of an elementary College five Studentships in Medicine,
character, which is held in March, June,
founded by Christopher Tancred, Esq.,
and at the end of September. each of the annual value of;^ioo. The
candidate who is elected to one of
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. these Studentships is obliged to enter
There are twenty-four Scholarships remove hither if he
at this College, or
on the Foundation, of different values be a member of any other College.
between £60 and ;^20, but subject to The students are required to pro-
increase or diminution according to a ceed to the degree of Bachelor of
scholar's performances in the Annual Medicine, as soon as they are of suffi-
17 CAI-CAV
cient standing, and may hold the his literary or scientific reputation or
Studentships for three years after their labours. The stipend of a Fellow can-
,
degree, The Tancred Speech, in
^
not be more than ^^250, excluding
Latin, in perpetual remembrance of rooms and commons.
the Foundation, is delivered annually
on October 21 by one of the Tancred CLUBS.
students. Forms of petitions and all
information respecting the Tancred Athletic Club. —
Entrance fee, u. ;
Studentships, may be obtained from subscription, ^s. a year.
B. J. L. Frere, Esq., 28, Lincoln's —
Boat Club, Entrance fee, £1 5^. ;
Inn Fields, London. subscription, £\ \s. a term.
EXPENSES.
Cricket Club. —
Subscription, £1 is,
a year.
The Tutor's fee is £^ per term, out Football Chtb {Associatio7i and Rugby
of which allowances may be made, not Union). —
Subscription, "js. 6d. a year.
exceeding ;^3, for Lectures given out of —
Lawn Tennis Club. Entrance fee,
the College. The College fee for the 5i-. ; subscription, 5j-. in October and
B.A. degree is £a^ \\s. [See general Lent Terms ; ioj-. in May Term.
article on Expenses. ) The Caius colours are light blue and
black.
FELLOWSHIPS. Musical Society. — Entrance fee,
By the 1882 Statutes the government 2s. 6d. ; subscription, 5^. a term.
of the College is in the hands of the
Master and twelve Fellows. The Fel- Carlton Club, Cambridge
lows are to be chosen from Graduates University. —This Club seeks to do
of the College, or, if the Master and good in the world by the dissemination
Seniors shall at any time think fit, of of Conservative principles. President,
the Universities of Cambridge or Ox- Lord Randolph Churchill, M. P. The
ford, who have distinguished them- Club rooms are in Rose Crescent, and the
selves in some department of science, terminal subscription is lOJ". (including
learning, or art. The Fellowships are the stamping of letters). The Long
not vacated by marriage, but terminate Vacation counts as a term for those who
in general at the end of six years from use the rooms at that time. Eight
the time of election. They may, how- terms' subscriptions make life member-
ever, be retained if the Fellow at the ship.
end of that time be holding certain
University or College offices ; or shall Cams Frizes (Theological books
have held some one or more of such to the value of about ;^io) are given
offices during the space of fifteen years ; annually, one for Undergraduates and
or shall have been permitted by a one for Bachelors, for knowledge of
special vote of the Master and Fellows the Greek Testament. The Examination
to retain his Fellowship on account of is held in November.
CAVENDISH COLLEGE.
This College was founded in 1873 by the County College Association
with the following objects (i) to enable students somewhat younger than
:
v^^ell as time and (3) to train in the art of teaching those who intend to
;
of translation, to be done with Dic- the B.A. degree, and all College ex-
penses, for tuition and board (including
tionaries ; (2) in Arithmetic, Algebra
to Simple Equations, and Euclid, washing), during a yearly residence of
Book I. about 40 weeks (including the Long
Vacation Term). There are a few extra
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. fees for medical students.
Scholarships, probably three or four
in number, will be given by examina- CLUBS.
tion early in August, 1886, worth £^02, All the clubs are amalgamated into
year, tenable for three years, for students one, styled the General Club. The
;
19 CAV—CHE
entrance fee one guinea, and sub-
is of a standing below Masters, and is
scription one guinea per term, and —
awarded but only in cases of excep-
half-a-guinea in the Long Vacation tional merit —
to the candidate most
Term. Those who pay this subscrip- distinguished in those parts of the Law
tion become honorary members of the Tripos which relate to English Real
Boat, Cricket, Football, Lawn
Tennis, Property Law, English Personal Pro-
Athletic, and Newspaper Clubs, with perty Law, English Criminal Law,
right to wear their colours. To entitle and English Legal and Constitutional
to active use of the Clubs, there is History.
further an entrance fee of 2s. 6d.,
and 2s. 6d. annual subscription to the Charon's. —The ferry across the
Athletic Club, and entrance fees to river at Chesterton, at the point where
Boat Club 2s., Cricket Club 2s. 6^., the towing-path changes sides, near
Football Club is. 6d., Lawn Tennis the end of the Racecourse, is called
Club IS. There is no extra entrance fee "Charon's Ferry" in University lan-
or subscription to the Debating Society guage, or briefly "Charon's." Mem-
or the Newspaper Club. The colours of bers of any College Boat Club in boating
the Boat, Cricket, Lawn Tennis, and costume have free passage over Charon's,
Football Clubs are chocolate and blue, for which right each Club pays, through
combined in various ways. the University Boat Club, ^s. a term.
Chancellor—William Cavendish,
Chemistry, Professor of.—
Duke of Devonshire, LL.D. (Trinity).
Founded by
—The highest officer in the Univer-
mode of
the University in 1 702
election governed by the
sity is the Chancellor, who is elected
1 88 1 Statutes. (6*^^ Professors.) The
by the Senate for two years, or for
stipend is now £500, but by the new
such time beyond two years as the
Statutes will be ;^85o. The present
tacit consent of the University per-
Professor is G. D. Liveing, M.A.,
mits. His duty is to govern the Uni-
F.R.S., Fellow of St. John's, under
versity according to the Statutes, and
*'he adjudicates in all causes between
whom are two Demonstrators W. J. —
Sell, M.A., and H.
H. Fenton,
J.
members of the University, except in M.A. (See also Natural Experi-
matters of mayhem and felony." {See
mental Philosophy, Professor of.)
Vice -Chancellor and Judicial
Proceedings.) Chess Club, Cambridge Uni-
Chancellor's Classical Me- versity. —Entrance fee 5^., subscrip-
dals (two Gold Medals annually), by tion ^s. a term, for life members £2,
Examination in the Lent Term, are open The Club meets for practice twice a
to those who have kept at least eight, and week, and holds tourneys once a term.
not more than ten terms. The winner of the May Term tourney,
open only to Undergraduates, holds the
Chancellor's English Medal Challenge Cup for the year. There
isgiven annually to such Undergraduate
is also an old-established Senior Uni-
as shall compose the best Ode or Poem
versity Chess Club confined to Graduates.
in heroic verse, of not more than 200
The Inter-University Matches were
lines. Subject for next Poem, to be
played on March 26, 1885, at the St.
sent to the Vice-Chancellor on or be-
George's Chess Club, London, the
fore February i, 1886, is "Bruges." following being the ofiicial score :
CHE— CHE 20
C. Allen, 1%; C. E. Chepmell, i^. Chest of over £37,700. Some portion of
Total, 6% games. several of the Professors' stipends, as
also the University Scholarships and
Oxford.— C. D. Locock, o ; G. E. Prizes, are met from distinct Trust
Wainwright, 2 ; J. W. Walker, J^ ; Funds, of which an account is published
R. M. Barnett, o ; F. G. Newbolt, 2 ; annually, with the rest of the University
H. A. Crump, ^
; S. I. Buchanan, %. accounts. There is also, created by the
Total, 5^ games. Cambridge thus 1882 Statutes, a second income accru-
won the match with 6%, games to Ox ing to the University, which has to be
ford's 5X- The score of the matches kept distinct from the Chest. This is
since 1873, the year of their institu- the Common University Fund
tion,shows that Cambridge has won 9 {which see), annually contributed by the
matches (82^ games), and Oxford 3 several Colleges for University purposes.
matches {()2% games). The match of Subject to certain deductions in respect
1883 resulted in a draw. of Professorial Fellowships {see Pro-
fessors), each College pays to this
Chest (University).— The an- fund a percentage on its income, fixed
nual income of the University paid into for any year by the Financial Board,
the Chest is derived from the following so that the total contribution for each of
sources: (i) Common Rents (specially the years 1885-7 shall lie between
the Rectory at Burwell) and Dividends, ;^io,oooand;^i2,ooo; 1888-90, between
amounting to about £3,000; (2) Degree £15,000 and ;£"i8,ooo; 1891-3, be-
Fees, about £11,500; (3) Fines and tween ^20,000 and ^24,000 ; 1894-6,
Licenses, about ;^I50; (4) Fees for between £25,000 and ;<^*30,ooo ; and
Matriculation and Examinations, about for every subsequent year, between
;!f 10,000; and (5) Capitation Tax on ;^30,ooo and £30,500. Out of this
every member of the University, over fund, payments for the following pur-
£10,000. The total in 1884 amounted poses only are to be made (i) Stipends
:
to about ;^3 5, 000. The payments from of Professors, Readers, and University
the Chest were, in 1884, (i) for stipends Lecturers ; (2) Pensions of Professors
of Chief Officers about;^2,70o. Servants and Readers ; (3) Salaries of Demon-
about ;f 750, Examiners about ;!£"3,ooo, strators, Superintendents, and Curators;
certain Professors about £6,000, other (4) Erection of Museums and other
Officers nearly ;^4,ooo, Rector and University buildings, including pro-
Curate of Burwell £450, total about vision of sites and payment of interest
;^i7,ooo; (2) Expenditure on University and sinking fund on loans for the same
Church, Senate House, Observatory, (5) Maintenance of such buildings ; (6)
Botanic Garden, etc., with rates and Endowment of research. The amount
taxes, about ^3,400 ; (3) General expended in any year under (4) and (5)
Building Fund £1,000, Museums' and must never exceed one-third of the
Lecture Rooms' Maintenance Fund and income of the fund. For the present,
Museums' Reserve Fund ;,f4,ooo ; (4) of course, many of these expenses are
University Library, ;^3,5oo; (5) Mis- still in part charged on the Chest ; and
cellaneous, about £3,400; (6) Extra- it is clear that the arrangement of the
ordinary, including advance of ;^3,400 University accounts must be in a tran-
on account of new buildings, over sitional state for the next twelve years
;^5,400 ; making a total charge on the at least.
—
21 CHR-CHR
CHRIST'S COLLEGE.
In 1439 ^^^ William Byngham, much concerned for the lack through-
out England of schoolmasters of grammar i.e., the Latin grammar and
—
language obtained license from Henry VI. for the foundation of a
school of grammar in Cambridge, to be called God's House. This was
established near Clare Hall, but a few years later moved, to make room
for King's College, into the parish of St. Andrew. The institution never
seems to have had more than four scholars, under a Proctor or Master,
until Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby, mother
of Henry VII., in 1505 enlarged, enriched, and practically refounded
it under the name of Christ's College. Lady Margaret was also the
foundress of St. John's College. There are several portraits of her,
generally in the attitude of prayer, in each of these Colleges, besides two
at Trinity College and one in the University Library. The front of
Christ's College, opposite St. Andrew's Church, except the gateway and
the whole of the first court, has lost its ancient appearance under an
eighteenth century monotonous stone casing. Opposite the entrance are
the Master's Lodge, a small plain erection, and the Hall, lately rebuilt
and enlarged, in a style copied from the old Hall. The Lodge contains
amongst its portraits a good painting by Lely of Dr. Covel, a former
Master ; and in the Hall is one of the portraits of the foundress. She
also hangs in the Combination Room, in company with Archdeacon
Paley and John Milton, and again in the Chapel. The latter is a very
plain building, next to the Master's Lodge. In the east window is some
old stained glass, representing the Crucifixion, and over the altar is a
picture of the Descent from the Cross. There are numerous memorial
tablets and slabs, and two brasses, one within the altar rails to Dr.
Hawford, Master, and one in the ante-chapel to Edith Fowler, gentle-
woman to Lady Margaret, and her husband. The Library occupies two
rooms on the west side of the court, and contains a few curious books
and MSS., altogether about 9,000 volumes. The block of rooms on the
east side of the second or Tree Court is the best bit of architecture in the
College ; it is in the Renaissance style, built in 1642, perhaps after
designs by Inigo Jones. Beyond this is the Fellows' garden, one of the
prettiest gardens in Cambridge. Here is the mulberry-tree said to have
been planted by Milton, looking very ancient with all its props and
wraps, but still producing much sweet fruit every season. There is a
swimming-bath in the garden, surrounded by busts of Milton, Cudworth,
and Saunderson, and an urn to the memory of Joseph Mede. The
College has some very beautiful and rare specimens of ancient plate, left
by the foundress, specially two hourglass-shaped salt-cellars, most deli-
cately engraved, and six apostle spoons, one representing the Saviour
with orb and cross in His hand being particularly rare.
Among the famous members of this College were John Leland, the
antiquary ; Hugh Latimer ; John Milton, and his friend Edward King
("Lycidas") ; Joseph Mede ; Francis Quarles ; Ralph Cudworth, Master
of the College ; Archdeacon Paley ; the Earl of Liverpool ; and Charles
Darwin.
CHR—CHR 22
Visitor. Honorary Fellows.
The Vice-Chancellor with two Senior Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, M.A.,
Doctors in Divinity, or, if the Vice- F.R.S., F.L.S.
Chancellor be of Christ's College, Ven. Samuel Cheetham, D.D.
the Provost of King's. John Robert Seeley, M.A.
Master. ADMISSION.
Rev. Charles Anthony Swainson, Every candidate for admission must
D. D., Lady Margaret Professor of
send to the Tutor a certificate from a
Divinity.
graduate of some English University,
Tutors.
if possible from his Head Master (or
Rev. James William Cartmell, M. A.
Edward Seymer Thompson, M.A. House Master) or his private Tutor.
Lecturers in Classics.
There no Entrance Examination.
is
23 CHR— CHR-
There are ul
prp^ent four or five FELLOWSHIPS.
Sizarships given to stuaents whoce The Fellowships under the new
means are inadequate without such Statutes are divided into Senior and
help to bear the expenses of a University Junior Fellowships. The number of
Course. No Examination is demanded, Senior Fellows must not exceed two-
but the candidate may offer evidence of thirds nor be less than one-third of the
having passed with credit in some pubHc whole number, excluding Supernu-
Examination, although the Master and merary and Honorary Fellows. All
Fellows do not bind themselves to give Fellows must be Graduate members of
a preference to any candidate on this the College, or of the University of
ground. The appointment is made at Cambridge or of Oxford. A
Junior
the end of the Easter Term, and is for one Fellow may be of any standing at the
year only, but may be renewed if the time of his election, and holds his
conduct of the sizar has been in all Fellowship for six years from election
respects satisfactory, to the end of the or until he has been elected to a Senior
ninth term from the commencement of Fellowship. In order to be elected to
residence. The emoluments of a sizar a Senior Fellowship it is necessary
are Exemption from College payment
: either {a) to hold one of certain speci-
(.^3 IOJ-.) and tuition fee (£6), and fied offices in the College or University
allowance of £2 for room-rent (if in or {b) to be engaged in other specified
College) each term, also allowance for work under University sanction, either
fees due to the University and College at Cambridge or elsewhere ; or [c) to be
after the time of his appointment viz. — a person of known ability and learning
for Matriculation, Previous, General, engaged in research in any art or
and Special Examinations, B.A. degree science. A Senior Fellow, who for
fees (to College and University). In twenty years has held one or other of
some cases also the cost of dinner in the qualifying offices or employments,
Hall {is. lod. a day) may be allowed. may retain his Fellowship for life with-
Christopher Tancred, of Whixley Hall out further obligation to service. Each
in the County of York, Esq. , founded Fellow receives a dividend from the
four (now increased to five ; or more annual balances of the College, not ex-
when the annual income will permit) ceeding ;^250 ; and those in residence
Divinity Studentships, for student^ to are entitled also to rooms rent free and
be educated at this College, to which the a weekly allowance for commons.
Governors and Trustees of his Charities EXPENSES.
are the electors. A
student, when The following are the fixed termi-
elected to the Charity, must have nal charges : Payment to the College,
attained the age of sixteen years, £7, los. ; tutor, £6 ; dinner in Hall,
and be under that of twenty- two years. £^ los. (on the average, is. lod. a day).
He is required to be admitted of A resident B.A. pays as tuition fee
this College, and to proceed to the £1 los. only, unless he is preparing for
degree of Bachelor of Arts as soon as the second part of a Tripos, in which
he is of proper standing. He may hold case he still pays £6. The rent of
his Studentship for three years after the rooms in College varies from £2 to
degree of Bachelor of Arts, but no £"] 6s. Sd. a term. The College fee
longer.* The annual income of each for the B.A. degree is £4. {See aha
student is ;!^ioo. general article on Expenses. )
CLUBS.
* Forms of Petitions and all information Membership of thesix College Clubs-
respecting the Tancred Studentships may be (Athletics,Boat, Cricket, Football,
had of Bartle J. L. Frere, Esq., Clerk to the
Governors and Trustees, 28, Lincoln's Inn
Lawn Tennis, and Musical) may be had
Fields, London. on payment oi £\ los, as entrance fee.
;
OHR— CLA 24
and £i lis. 6d. terminally. Where penter's, All S^i^t.,' Passage. The
rhe 1
the payment of this sum is beyond the magazines and reports of the variousous
student's power, he may become missionary societies are taken in, and
member of one Club only at a lower there is also a library for the use of
of
.
1856.
Librarian.
Tutors. H. W. Fulford, M.A.
W. Raynes, ma. ^ .
^ ,,
Senior Fellows
W. L. MOLLISON. M.A. ,^ „,
,
'
CLA— CLA 26
George Herbert Lock, M.A. College benefice worth £Apo. f a
If 1
James Rendel Harris, M.A. Fellow hold the office of Professor.
5or,
William Loudon Mollison, M.A. Public Orator, Registrary, or Librarian'ian fl
Junior Fellows. in the University, or the office of Tutor,
^or-
Rev. Henry William Fulford, M.A. Dean, Bursar, or Lecturer in the College
George Newton Pitt, M.A., M.D. he retains his Fellowship during tenure
Rev. Charles Lett Feltoe, M.A. of such office ; and if he has held one
John Reynolds Wardale, M.A. or more of the College offices for twenty
Thomas M 'Kenny Hughes, M.A.
years in the aggregate, he may remain
Robert Davies Roberts, M.A.
Walter Gardiner, M.A. Fellow for life. There is one Profes-
ADMISSION. sorial Fellowship, and one may be held
Candidates for admission must make by a person not a member of the Uni-
versity of Cambridge or of Oxford at
application to the Senior Tutor, who
will forward the necessary forms. They
the time of his election. For the re-
have undergo an Entrance Examina-
to
maining Fellowships none but Graduates
end of the Lent and of the two Universities are eligible. The
tion, held at the
Easter Terms, and at the beginning of Senior and Junior Fellows enjoy the
the October Term ; or occasionally an
same privileges and receive the same
Examination is held privately in July or emoluments, viz., a share of the Divisible
August. The subjects are Elementary Fund, not exceeding ;^25o, besides
Latin and Greek, Arithmetic, Euclid rooms and commons.
(Books I. -III.), and Algebra to Quad- EXPENSES.
ratic Equations. The ordinary College charges are as
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. follows tuition, £6 a term ; establish-
:
The Foundation Scholarships are as ment charges, ;^io per annum; dinner
follows Eight of ^60 per annum
:
in Hall, about 2s. a day; rent of rooms
eight of £/\,o per annum ; eight of ;^20 from ;^3 to £'] a term. The College
per annum three of about £60 per
;
fee for B.A. degree is £3 ioj. {See
annum, tenable for three years, with also general article on Expenses, and
preference to sons of clergymen ; four Fees, University.)
of ;^5o per annum each. Three Minor CLUBS.
Scholarships, at least, usually of ;^6o Athletics. — Entrance fee, lOJ".; sub-
value, are offered annually for competi- scription, a term.
lOi".
27 CLA~CLA
Classical Tripos. —The Classical subjects for an English Essay. Section
Tripos consists of two parts, of which C (History) comprises five papers : (i),
Part I. can be taken in the second or on general Greek and Roman History,
third Easter Term after the first term political,constitutional, social, and
of residence, or, if previous Honours literary (chronological limits prescribed
have been taken, in the fourth Easter from time to time) ; (2), on a special
Term ; and Part I. having been passed period of Greek History, with passages
in a previous year, Part II. can be from the ancient authorities, including
taken in the third or fourth Easter inscriptions for translation ; (3), on a
Term. If Part I. is passed in the third special period of Roman History, with
Easter Term a student can take his passages from the ancient authorities^
B.A. degree without further examina- including inscriptions for translation ;
tion ; but if Part I. is taken in the (4), on general Greek and Roman
second Easter Term a degree can only Law in its historical development, with
be obtained either by passing a further questions and passages for explanation
Honours Examination of any Tripos, or from selected ancient writings bearing
one of the Special Examinations for an upon Law ; and (5), alternative sub-
Ordinary degree. Part I. consists of jects for an English Essay. Section
four composition papers (Latin Prose, D (Archaeology) comprises five papers :
Greek Prose, Latin Verse and Greek (i), on history of ancient Greek and
Verse) ; two half papers, (i.) on Greek Roman Art; (2), on Mythologies and
History (including Literature) and An- religious beliefs, religious usages and
tiquities, (ii.) Roman History, etc. ; and customs of the ancient Greeks and
two half papers, (i.) on Greek Grammar Romans ; (3), on either a special class
and Criticism, (ii.) Latin Grammar, etc. or group of monuments, or on the
and five translation papers containing chorography, topography, and monu-
passages from the best Greek and Latin ments of a special site or district (a)
authors, with questions arising imme- of the ancient Greek world, and (/3)
diately out of the passages. Candidates of the ancient Roman world ; (4), on
who deserve Honours are placed in three the art and handicraft, and the in-
classes, each class containing one or scriptions of the ancient Greeks and
more divisions, the names in each Romans, in relation to their domestic
division being arranged alphabeti- and national life ; and (5), alternative
cally. Part II. consists of five sec- subjects for an English Essay. Dis-
tions, A, B, C, D, E, of which A tinction in this section may be obtained
must be taken by all candidates, to- by a thorough knowledge of a part of
gether with one or two (but not more it. Section E (Language) comprises
than two) of sections B, C, D, E. four papers: (i), (a) on Greek Ety-
Section Acomprises one paper for
mology and history of Greek dialects,
translation from English into Latin
(/3) on Greek Syntax, and (y) Ety-
Prose, one from English into Greek
mology and usages of the Greek and
Prose, one from Latin into English,
Latin languages compared with one
and one from Greek into English.
Section B (Ancient Philosophy) com- another ; (2), (a) on Latin Etymology
prises four papers, with passages for
and history of cognate Italian dialects,
translation and questions on ancient {(3) Latin Syntax, and (y) Latin and
philosophy arising therefrom, partly Greek Etymology, etc., compared ; (3),
from a list of works selected from time (a) on Sanskrit Grammar, specially as
to time by the Board for Classical illustrating Latin and Greek, (/3) trans-
Studies, and partly from other ancient lation from selected Sanskrit authors
philosophical works ; and one paper [this paper is not essential for obtain-
containing a number of alternative ing a First Class] ; (4), (a) on the
— —
•CLA— COM 28
general comparative grammar of the Long Vacation. Those who are thus
Indo-European languages, with special "coached" are sometimes called
reference to Greek and Latin, (/3) history " pups."
of alphabets, and (y) on selected por- Cohden Prize (value £60), for
tion or portions of the comparative Essay in Political Economy, open to
grammar of the Indo-European lan- Undergraduates and Bachelors, and
guages. No essay is set in this section, given triennially. The subject for the
but any candidate is at liberty to send 1886 Essay (to be sent to the Vice-
up (a fortnight before the Examination Chancellor before the first day of the
begins) an English Essay on some sub- Easter Term) is, "A
History and Ex-
jectcomprised in it, upon which Essay planation of the Fluctuations in the
he examined viva voce, as the Ex-
is
Commercial Prosperity of England
aminers think fit. Selected subjects during the last Twenty-five Years."
and books for all the sections are pub-
lished by the Board of Classical Studies Colleges and Hostels.— There
at least two years before the Examina- are seventeen Colleges in Cambridge,
tion. Those candidates who pass with two Public Hostels, and one Private
credit are placed in three classes, Hostel {see Hostel). The Colleges
arranged alphabetically ; and in the are Caius, Christ's, Clare, Corpus,
:
case of every student in the First Class Downing, Emmanuel, Jesus, King's,
the class list shows (i) the subject or Magdalene, Pembroke, Queens',
subjects for which he is placed in that SiDNEv, St. Catharine's, St. John's,
class ; and (2) in which of those sub- St. Peter's, Trinity, and Trinity
jects, if any, he passed with special Hall. The Public Hostels are Caven-
<listinction.
dish College and Selwyn College ;
and the Private Hostel, Ayerst's (and
Clergy Training School St. Paul's in contemplation). An ac-
(Cambridge). — This
school was count of each of these institutions is given
opened in 1881 to provide a regular under their respective headings. Mem-
training for Holy Orders for residents bers of the University may also belong
in the University. Courses of lectures to none of these, but enter as Non-
are given, for the most part by Fellows Collegiate Students {which see).
of Colleges, in Christian Doctrine,
Church History, Pastoral Theology, Colquhonn Sculls. {See Boat
Composition of Sermons, Elocution, Club, Cambridge University.)
and in such other subjects as may be Combination Room,—The
required in special cases. Practical room held by the Fellows of a College
work is found for the members in the in common isCambridge called the
at
different parishes of the town. Full Combination Room. It unites the func-
membership is restricted to Graduates, tions of Drawing-room, Reading-room,
but Undergraduates are admitted as and Council Chamber, and is often a
Associates. The terminal fee is five very handsome apartment, adorned with
guineas for the former, two guineas for portraits of past worthies of the College.
the latter. The rooms are in St. Mary's
Court, Market Hill.
Commencement Tuesday.
The Tuesday immediately preceding the
Coach.. — Graduates
of the Uni- last day of Easter Term is called Com-
versity who
take private pupils are mencement Tuesday, because on that
only in very particular language day Inceptors and Doctors Designate
called "private tutors," but in ordi- inany Faculty become complete Masters
nary talk "coaches." The fee for a and Doctors by "creation." Personal
coach is now usually £() a term, and attendance is not required ; but the cere-
the event of a certain number of the MSS. being lost, the collection
would pass over to Caius College, and thence to Trinity Hall, if the
Caius authorities were similarly negligent. None have been lost at
present, no one being allowed to view the treasures save in the presence
of two members of the society. The Hall and Combination Room are
on the north side of the court. The walls of the Hall are panelled with
carved oak, the windows adorned with the arms of benefactors, and
portraits of Archbishops Parker, Tenison, and Herring hang over the
Fellows' table. In the Combination Room are portraits of Erasmus and
Dean Colet, and a copy of Raphael's " School of Athens,'^ perhaps by
Nicholas Poussin. Under the Hall is the entrance to the old court. This
College contains the finest collection of ancient plate in the University,
including the alehorn given to the Guild of Corpus Christi in 1347 by
their Alderman, John Goldcorne also of the same age, but remounted
;
later, a cup made of an ostrich's egg, called the "Gripe's E^^e " {z,e. Gripe
or Griffin's Egg) ; and a set of thirteen apostle spoons, salt-cellars, etc.,
given by Archbishop Parker.
Among distinguished members of this College were the two
Archbishops of Canterbury, Parker and Tenison, and Lord Keeper
Sir Nicholas Bacon, who have been already mentioned the dramatists ;
Classical Lecturers.
C. W. Moule, M.A. Pollock^M
^' ^' ^' A'ollock, m.a. A
Rev. S. S. Lewis, M.A. Precentor.
H. E. Fanshawe, M.A, Rev. E. F. Plume, B.A.
31 COR-COR
Catechist. The post of Organist (£zo a year) is
Rev. E. F. Plume, B.A. held by a student of the College either
Prcelector. with, or (as at present) separately from
Rev. a. W. Streane, M.A. the Choir- Mastership (;^20 a year with
Librarian. rooms) ; and there are also two Chapel
Rev. S. S. Lewis, M.A. Clerks with stipends of 20 guineas a year
Fellows.
each. Gratuities of varying amount are
Charles Walter Moule, M.A.
awarded from time to time to deserving
Robert Townley Caldwell, M.A.,
LL.M. Undergraduates. There are eight Ex-
Rev. James Thomason Lang, M.A. hibitions varying from £6 to £"^6 a
Rev. Samuel Savage Lewis, M.A., year each, appropriated to pupils from
F.S.A. certain specified schools. There are nine
Edward Byles Cowell, M.A. Sizarships, worth about £2^ a year.
Duncan Burgess, M.A, M.B. They are tenable for three years, and may
Rev. Annesley William Streane, be held with one or more Scholarships
M.A. or Exhibitions. Three are usually vacant
Rev. Henry Edwin Savage, M.A.
each year, and the Examination is held at
Arnold Joseph Wallis, M.A. Candidates
the beginning of October.
Rev. George Herbert Sing, M.A.
Henry Ernest Fanshawe, M.A. must, before the end of August, obtain
Charles Archibald Edmund Pol- leave from the Master to compete, fur-
lock, M.A. nishing certificates of baptism and
ADMISSION. character, and proof of pecuniary need.
There no Entrance Examination.
is The subjects of Examination are set
Students are admitted on satisfactory books of the Greek Testament and the
evidence given to the Tutor as to cha- Latin and Greek Classics, and easy
racter and competent knowledge. The Euclid, Arithmetic, and Algebra.
Caution money is ;^I5, for Sizars £10,
EXPENSES.
and admission i&^£\ \s. 6d.
The regular fixed charges per quarter
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. are: Bedmaker,£2; coals, £1 13^. 4^.;
Two Scholarships of about £60 a shoe-cleaning, etc., £1 is. 6d. laundress,
;
year each, and one of about £^0, three
£1 15^-.; rates, according to rent rent,
;
of 3^30 a year each, and one of £2^, all gas, and water, from £3 £8 los,;
10s. to
tenable for two years, are awarded every steward (including dinner in Hall, 2s,
June to students who are at the end of a day, and other commons. College, and
their first year. Two Scholarships of University dues), about £15; tuition,
£2^ a year each, tenable for one year, £6 (for Sizars £2, resident B.As.
are awarded every June to students com-
£1 loj-.). An economical student's Col-
pleting their second year. Two Scholar-
lege bills need scarcely exceed jf 30 a
ships of ;^20 a year, with rooms, in the
term, if he is in College, or, if he is in
gift of the Master, are bestowed on
lodgings, ;^20 (excluding rent of lodg-
students needing assistance, and usually
ings). The charges in the Long Vaca-
on such as are in their second year ; tion are less, there being neither room-
and another Scholarship of ;^20 a year, The College
rent nor tuition fee then.
with rooms, is awarded by examination
fee for B.A. degree is £$. {See also
every third year to a deserving student
general article on Expenses.)
in his first term. About three minor
Scholarships, from about £^0 to ;,^6o in CLUBS.
value, tenable for one year, are offered The Athletic, Boat, Cricket, Foot-
annually for competition for students ball (Association and Rugby), and
who have not commenced residence. Lawn Tennis Clubs are amalgamated,
The next Examination will probably be with an entrance fee oi £1^ and a sub-
held in March, 1886. scription of £l 10^. a term. The colours
;
COR-CRI 32
of the Boat Club are cherry and white pupillari ; he is consequently at liberty
of the Cricket and Football Clubs, to dispense with its use, except at
cherry and blue; and of the Lawn Congregations and on other public
Tennis Club, cherry, blue, and white. occasions. Doctors in the different
There is a Debating Society, with Faculties have two kinds of gown ; the
subscription is. a term ; Musical one for ordinary occasions is black,
Society, ^s. a term, entrance fee IJ-. with various trimmings ; and the other,
and the Reading Room, 5^'. a term, to be worn on Scarlet Days {which see),
entrance fee 2s. 6c/. is a scarlet or scarlet and white robe.
There is also a Chess Club, and a The Vice-Chancellor and Chancellor
Literary Society called the *' Grave- have also their special robes, and the
diggers." Proctors their Congregation ruffs. Mem-
bers of the Senate are free in the matter
Costume. —Every Undergraduate of head equipment ; they may either
or Bachelor of Arts must wear cap and use a cap or a high hat, or even a soft
gown on Sundays, and after dark on felt. There is no case on record of a
week-days, and in the gallery of the Master of Arts wearing a billy-cock
Senate House ; and the gown must with his gown.
be worn at Hall, Chapel, Lectures,
and Examinations, in the University CounciL— (6V^GovERNiNG Body.)
Library, and when calling on College Craven Scholarships (six of
authorities. The surplice must be worn ;^8o), Battle (about ;^3o), Davies
in Chapel on Festivals, Saints' Days, (.^30), Pitt {£7S), and Browne
and Sundays, and on the evenings (about;^2i), all tenable for seven years,
preceding. The cap is a square mortar- and the Waddington (;^9o) for five
board with tassel, and is the same for years, are open to Undergraduates of
every College ; but the gown is a flowing not more than three years' standing,
garment, which differs in different and the Porson (;^7o for four years)
Colleges, and w also changes "by de- to Undergraduates of not more than
grees. " The Trinity and Caius gowns five terms' standing. These are for
are different shades of blue, but in all Classics only, and are generally known
other Colleges the gown is black (when as the University Scholarships.
new). The varieties of cut and trimming
are best knov/n to the tailors. The Creation.— (6V^ Commencement
Bachelor's degree is taken in the Tuesday.)
Undergraduate's gown, covered with Cricket Club, Cambridge
the Bachelor's hood, which is lined —
University. Annual subscription
with white rabbit-skin ; white ties and ;Ci IS. J and entrance fee ;C^ ^s. ; sub-
bands are compulsory at any degree scription for life members, ;CS S^' The
taking, but evening dress is not worn. earlier matches of the year are played on
As soon as the degree is taken, the old the University Cricket Ground (formerly
gown is discarded, and the Bachelor's called Fenner's), a fine run-getting
gown worn in its place. This is the ground. The season usually com-
same for all Colleges, and is ornamented mences with the following three trial
with long broad tapes or "strings." matches (i) between two elevens of
:
The hood is afterwards only worn over Seniors, i.e., men not in their first year
the surplice in Chapel. The Master of who have not played against Oxford,
Arts' Degree is similarly taken in the captained by two members of the
Bachelor's gown, covered by the Master's "eleven"; (2) between two elevens of
hood, which is lined with white silk. Freshmen ; (3) between first twelve and
A Master of Arts' gown is more magni- next sixteen. These were followed in
ficent than that of persons in statu 1885 by two matches against Elevens
. . . ..
.
, . .
33 CRI—CRI
of England, both ending in a draw ; two During the Long Vacation, a sepa-
matches against Yorkshire, who won rate club, the L.V.C.C. (subscription,
the first by 9 wickets, the second I2S. 6d.), is made up of such cricketers
being drawn; against M.C.C. and as are in residence. There are various
Ground, a draw ; against Sussex, who other Cricket Clubs in the University,
won by 7 wickets ; and against Surrey, e.g.,Assyrians, Crusaders, Etceteras,
who won by 131 runs. These unfa- Hawks, Incogniti, Inexpressibles,
vourable results, taken with the failure K.r.X.'s, Magpies, Quidnuncs.
of Oxford to secure a win, seemed to The following is the full score of the
make the Inter-University Match a toss- match with Oxford, which was played
up. It, however, ended in a decided at Lord's on June 29 and 30 and July
victory for Cambridge by 7 wickets. I, 1885.
Oxford v. Cambridge.
OXFORD.
First Innings. Second Innings.
J. H. Brain, c Rock, b Toppin i . . 1b w, b Rock . . . . . . o
E. H. Buckland, b Rock,. .. 16 b Smith o
K. J. Key, b Toppin .. .. 5 c Hawke, b Toppin .. .. 51
T. C. O'Brien, c Smith, b Rock.. 44 runout .. .. .. ..28
H. V. Page, b Smith .. ..22 not out .. .. .. ..78
L, D. Hildyard, b Toppin 13 . . c Wright, b Buxton . . . . 18
W. E. T. Bolitho, b Toppin ..24 b Smith 30
A. E. Newton, 1 b w, b Toppin i . . b Smith .. .. .. ..11
A. H. J. Cochrane, b Toppin i . . b Smith . . . . . . . . o
H. O. Whitby, b Toppin i
. . . . c Hawke, b Rock o
E. W. Bastard, not out .. .. 4 b Smith 12
B2, lb2 4 B6, lbs It
CAMBRIDGE.
First Innings. Second Innings.
C.W. Wright, b Whitby . . . 78 c Buckland, b Bastard . . . . 15
H. W. Bainbridge, c Cochrane, b
Brain . . . . . loi 1 b w, b Bastard . . . . 7
Hon. M. B. Hawke, b Cochrane 17
C. W.Rock, b Cochrane . . . 6
J. A. Turner, b Whicby 3 , . .
P. J. de Paravicini, b Cochrane o .
Cambridge has now won 26 matches and Oxford 23, two not having been
finished.
CRO— DEG 34
Crosse Scholarsliip (;{;2o for him) is presented to the Vice- Chancellor
three years) in Theology, is offered by his Father (or Prselector), and re-
annually to Bachelors. ceives his degree on his knees. Then
Davies Scliolarsliip. — {See the other candidates are presented in
groups of four or five by their respective
Craven Scholarship.)
Fathers (who give to each son a finger
Dean. — The Dean of a College of their right hand) in the order of King's
looks after the religious services in College, Trinity, St. John's, and the
Chapel, and the attendance of Under- other Colleges and Hostels in the order
graduates thereupon, and in general has of their foundations, ending with the
a care for the moral and religious Non-Coils. ; and after all have been pre-
behaviour of the students. He need sented, they kneel before the \'ice-
not be in Orders, but may delegate the Chancellor and receive their degrees, in
conduct of the services to Chaplains. the order in which their names stand
Degrading. — An Undergraduate is in the various Triposes (Mathematical,
said to '* degrade" when he is allowed Classical, etc., in the order of their foun-
to go down for a year or a longer period dation) or in the Specials. The whole
on account of illness or other urgent proceedings are tedious, but they are
cause ; and he may receive permission generally enlivened by more or less
from the Council to be a candidate for witty and appropriate remarks from
any University Scholarship, or other Undergraduates in the gallery. Bache-
Academical Honours, or for Honours in lors Designate in Arts or in Law are not
any Tripos, in the same way as though properly B.A. or LL.B. till their degree
the period of absence had not has been completed on the following
occurred, on application being made last day of Michaelmas Term by the
by his Tutor, accompanied by the ceremony of Inauguration {which see).
necessary certificates. Bachelors in any Faculty are admitted
—
Degree Day. The days of gene- to the degree of Master or Doctor in a
similar manner, but these degrees are
ral admission to the title of Bachelor
Designate in Arts, for those who earn completed by *' creation" on Com-
the degree by one of the Special mencement Tuesday {which see).
Examinations immediately preceding, Degrees. — The degrees granted by
are the Saturday before the third Sunday the University are :
in June, and (in certain cases) the (i) in Arts, Bachelor and Master of
Thursday before the last day of Michael- Arts (B.A. and M.A.).
mas Term ; and the days of general (2) in Divinity, Bachelor of Divinity
admission to the title of Bachelor De- (B.D. or S.T.B., i.e., Sacr^ae Theo-
signate in Arts or Law, for those who logize Baccalaureus) and Doctor of
have earned the degree by any Tripos, Divinity (D.D. or S.T.P., i.e.,
are the Tuesday before the third Sunday Sacrge Theologize Preceptor).
in June, and the Thursday before the (3) in Law, Bachelor, Master, and
last day of Michaelmas Term. Students Doctor of Law (LL.B., LL.M.,
admitted to a degree on other days must and LL.D.).
pay additional fees. The ceremony takes (4) {a) in Medicine, Bachelor and
place in the Senate House. First of all, Doctor of Medicine (M.B. and
the Bedells hand to the Proctors the Sup- M.D.); {b) in Surgery, Bachelor
plicats {which see) of all candidates, and and Master ^of Surgery (B.C. and
the Senior Proctor reads them through, M.C.); {c) Certificates are also
and pronounces them approved by the given in Sanitary Science (S. Sc.
words Junes placent (or A.B. nonplacent Cert. Cantab.).
if any are disapproved). Then the Senior (5) in Science, Doctor of Science
Wrangler (if it be the day for admitting (Sc.D.).
A )
35 DEG-DIV
(6) in Letters, Doctor of Letters of Divinity (D.D. or S.T.P., le.,
(Litt. D.). Sacrae Theologige Preceptor) if he has
(7) in Music, Bachelor and Doctor preached once in the University Church
of Music (Mus. B. and Mus. D.). and printed a dissertation similar to
The conditions of obtaining the that required for the B D. degree, and
degrees in each of these faculties such dissertation has been accepted as
are given under separate headings, satisfactory by a majority of the Pro-
(6V^Arts, Divinity, &c.) fessors of Divinity. Besides the sermon,
every candidate for a degree in Divinity
Discipline, University.— The subscribes to a belief in the Thirty-
Court of Discipline for persons in statu nine Articles and the doctrine of the
pzipillari consists of the Chancellor and Church of England, and for the Doc-
six Heads of Colleges appointed by- tor's degree also makes a declaration
Grace (commonly called the Vice- of belief in the whole of the canonical
Chancellor's Court) ; and it has pov/er Scriptures, etc. It will be seen, there-
to punish by deprivation of degree, fore, that unlike all other degrees in the
expulsion from the University, or by University, those in Divinity are confined
by any lighter sentence.
rustication, or to a particular class and creed, viz.,
{And see Sex Viri, dz//^ Proctors. ) clergymen of the Church of England.
DIV-DOW 36
of Emmanuel. On the next vacancy continue the same for the furtherance
in the Regius Professorship of Greek, of theological studies in what way
the Canonry of Ely now attached to might seem best. A sum of about
that chair will be taken from it, and £10,700 had thus accrued when he
attached to a new Professorship of died, and by the help of this amount
Divinity, to be called the Ely Pro- was built the Selwyn Divinity School,
FESSORSHIP. opposite St. John's College. The
—
Divinity School. When the old building, which was opened in 1879,
Divinity School was thrown into the isby Mr. Basil Champneys, in "English
Library in 1856, William Selwyn, D. D. Gothic of the early part of the sixteenth
Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity, century." It contains two lecture rooms
agreed to set apart £700 a year from for Divinity, a Library, and rooms for
the income of his chair to augment the the four Professors. The Literary Lec-
stipend of the Norrisian Professor, and ture Rooms are also included in the
on the next vacancy in the latter to building.
DOWNING COLLEGE.
The sole founder of this College was Sir George Downing, Bart., ot
Gamlingay Park, Cambridgeshire who, by a will dated 20th December,
;
EMMANUEL COLLEGE.
This College was founded in 1584 by Sir Walter Mildmay, on the site of
a Dominican house established about 1240, which, at the suppression of
the monasteries, passed into private hands. By the rule of contraries,
Emmanuel College was intended to foster Puritanical principles, and for
many years it fulfilled this object, for several of the Pilgrim Fathers
studied here, as well as John Harvard, the founder of Harvard University.
The south side of the College was rebuilt in its present form in 17 16, and
the long and handsome west front in 1769. In the middle of the latter,
between four Ionic pillars surmounted by a pediment, is the entrance,
leading through an arcade into the principal court. Opposite is a cloister
of eleven arches, over which is a large picture gallery, attached to the
Master's Lodge. Here are many portraits of interest and value, including
Sir Walter Mildmay, by Van Somer ; Archbishop Bancroft, by P. P. Lens ;
Sir William Temple, reputed to be by Lely ; and others, by Romney and
Gainsborough.
In the middle of the cloister —
the walls of which are adorned
—
by numerous memorial tablets is the west door of the Chapel. This
was built between 1678 and 1688, after designs by Sir Christopher
Wren, at the instance of Archbishop Sancroft, to replace the former
—
Chapel— now the Library which had been puritanically built north and
south. Wren's Chapel is adorned outside with Corinthian columns, and
the internal fittings are of oak carved in corresponding style. Over the altar
is a fine painting of the Prodigal Son, by Amiconi and the altar-plate, ;
Dr. Samuel Parr, whose pipe and tobacco-box are amongst the College
treasures.
Visito}'. PrcBlector.
The Vice-Chancellor, with the Re- W. N. Shaw, M.A.
gius Professor of Divinity and Librarian.
the Regius Professor of Law as E. S. Shuckburgh, M.A.
Assessors.
Fellows.
Master.
Rev. Arthur Thomas Chapman, M.A,
Samuel George Phear, D.D. {s) Rev. Alfred Rose, M.A.
Tutor. Rev. Thomas Pitts, M.A.
W. Chawner, M.A. {s) William Chawner, M.A.
EMM— EMM 40
other times. The entrance fee is FELLOWSHIPS.
£i i^s.y and Caution money ;^I5. Under theStatutes of 1882 the Fellow-
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. ships, at present numbering thirteen,
are divided into Senior and Junior. The
There are twenty-four Scholarships
latter are tenable for six years from the
on the College Foundation four of
:
date of election, and are open to all
;^8o a year ; four of £70 ; four of £60 ;
Graduates of the University of Cam-
six of ;^5o; and six of ;^40. There
bridge or of Oxford. The Senior Fellow-
are also five Scholarships on the Founda-
ships are tenable generally so long as
tion of Dr. Thorpe, awarded to students
the person elected holds any one of the
of not less than three terms' standing
following qualifying offices of the Uni-
two at least being awarded for pro-
versity, viz.. Professor, Reader, Orator,
ficiency in Theology, and these are
Librarian, Registrary, or any one of the
tenable with any one of the above-named
following qualifying College ofiices,
College Scholarship?. Scholarships
awarded
viz.. Dean, Tutor, Bursar, Assistant
are usually to resident Under-
Tutor, Lecturer. Besides persons hold-
graduates after the College Examina-
ing any one of these offices, any person
tions in the Lent and Easter Terms,
eminent in Theology, Literature, or
and are tenable till B. A., or with special
Science is eligible to a Senior Fellow-
permission of the Governing Body, until
M.A. Entrance Scholarships (tenable ship. One Senior Fellowship is re-
served for the Dixie Professor of
in the first instance for not more than
two years) are offered for competition to Ecclesiastical History. A
Senior Fellow
candidates under nineteen years of age
who has held the office of Tutor for
fifteen years, or any one or more of the
who have not commenced residence, at
offices of Dean, Tutor, Assistant Tutor,
an Examination usually held early in
Lecturer, or Bursar for a continuous
January. The Examination in 1886
period of twenty-five years is entitled to
will take place on Tuesday, January 5,
and three following days.
retain his Fellowship for life. The
emoluments of each Fellow consist of a
There are ten Exhibitions from about
dividend from the available annual in-
;£"l6 to ;^5o a year, with preference in
favour oif candidates from certain schools.
come of the College, not exceeding
;i^250, together with rooms, dinner in
Besides these there are other Exhibitions
arising from accumulations from va-
Hall, and allowance for commons for
such as are in residence.
cancies which are applied to the en-
couragement and assistance of deserving EXPENSES.
students. The expenses at this College are
There are two Sub-sizarships of the about the same as the average of most
annual value (including allowances) of other Colleges. Tuition fee (including
not less than ^30, and four Sizarships private tuition) ;^y a term, establish-
worth not less than ;^5o. The Sub- ment charges £;^ 3^. a term, rent of
sizarships are tenable for one year, and rooms from £^ 13^. 4^. to £S a term,
are filled each October after examina- and dinner in Hall is. loci. a day. The
tion, if necessary, from candidates who College fee for B.A. degree is £4. 10s,
have not commenced residence. Ap- {see general article on Expenses).
41 EMM— EXP
Football Club. — Subscription, 5^. a penditure of Non-Collegiate Students,
year. which may be considerably less than at
Lawn — Entrance
Tennis Club, fee, any College, is dealt with under the
*]s. 6d.; subscription, 2s. a term. 6c/. heading, Non-Collegiate Students.
Musical — Entrance
Society. fee, " The difference in the least possible
2.S.6d. subscription,
; a term. 5^-. cost of living at the different Colleges
Debating Society. — Subscription, 5^-. scarcely exceeds £10, for though the
for life. minimum rent of rooms in the several
There is also an Essay Club, called Colleges varies, yet a student has the
the Mildmay Essay Club. option of living in lodgings." So says
Esquire Bedells— A. P. Hum- a most experienced College tutor, the
phry, M.A. (Trin.), and F. C. Wace, Rev. H. Latham, in the article on
M. A. (St. John's).— Esquire BedellsTwo *'
University and College Expenses " in
(elected in the same way
as the Public the Cambridge "Students' Guide" (ed.
Orator, salary £200 each) "attend the 1880). The figures which follow are
Chancellor (or in his absence the Vice- taken almost entirely from that article,
Chancellor), whom they precede with to which reference should be made by
their silver maces upon all public occa- any who desire more detailed informa-
sions and solemnities ; they receive from tion. The case of a Pensioner only is
him the Graces at Congregations and taken ; the varying amount of assistance
deliver them to the Proctors ; they given to Scholars, Exhibitioners, and
summon members of the ^Senate to the Sizars will be found given under each
Chancellor's Court; and see to the College. Higher fees are charged to
maintenance of the University cere- noblemen, specially entered as such,
monies, and the forms of conducting and to Fellow-commoners ; but these
public business." two classes have nearly disappeared.
Evans Prize (about ;^io) is given The expenditure may be classed under
five heads (i) University Charges,
to best candidate in papers on Eccle- :
siastical History and the Greek and which are absolutely fixed [see Fees,
Latin Fathers in the second part of University) ; (2) Initial Expenditure;
the Theological Tripos. (3) Cost of Living; (4) Cost of Learning;
Scholar- £ s.
EXP— EXP 42
gown only, from ^2
to £<^. Furniture pulsory meal {i.e.^ attendance on it and
Every student provides his own house payment forare compulsory, except
it
linen, and must also purchase crockery, under special leave of absence), and the
glass, knives, forks, and spoons, charge at different Colleges and at
costing, say, from £^ to £12. If he different times varies from \s. 6d. to
goes into lodgings, he finds all actual 2s. 6d. a day, say, on an average, about
fiirniture provided ; but if he goes 2s. "Commons," i.e., bread, butter,
into College rooms, he must in nearly and milk, are supplied for breakfast and
all cases purchase furniture, a great part tea from the buttery in fixed quantities,
being most generally taken on valuation at from 6d. to lod. a day, but less may be
from the outgoing tenant ; the outlay ordered, if desired, or these provisions
on this account varies, say, from ;/^20 may be obtained from tradesmen in the
to £$0. About half of this amount is town. Dinner and commons together
usually recovered by the sale of the will therefore amount (at the lowest
furniture on leaving, as men do not estimate of 2s, 6d. a day for twenty-six
often take away anything except a weeks) to £22 155-. a year. There will
few special articles. Cases have even be, besides this, the necessary item of
occurred in which, through different groceries, amounting at the least to £i
valuers being employed, the furniture, a term, and more often to £2 or more.
after three years' use, has actually been Further, there is the more or less neces-
sold for more than was originally given sary "cook's bill," for dishes supplied
for it. The total initial expenditure is for breakfast or lunch, and for extras in
thus seen to be between £/\2 and ^2>7, Hall ; "various restrictions are made at
if a man gets rooms in College, which is different Colleges as to its amount.
not often the case, in his first term ; or Some students spend little or nothing
between £22 and £^,7 if he goes into under this head, but ;^5 a term is not
lodgings. The lower figure can hardly an uncommon amount, and in many
be improved upon, but of course the cases it very considerably more."
is
upper figure can be easily exceeded. The minimum expenditure on board
(3) Cost of Livings and College estab- and lodging is thus seen to be about
lishment charges sixty guineas a year.
(a) Room-rent varies considerably in £ ^'
taxes, etc., is ^f 16 5^-. a year. reading for Honours ; and such students,
{b) Coals and laundress may be put if living in lodgings, are generally
at between £8 and £\\ 2l year. required to come into College, but no
(r) The establishment charges vary rent is charged for rooms. The total
in different Colleges, and in some cases cost of this Long Vacation residence
are charged in a lump sum, and in others need not be more than;^io or;^i2.
distributed in particular items. The (4) Tuition is charged at every
usual charge is about £\o 2^ year, and College at a fixed rate, usually £6 a
the highest (at Trinity) £20. term (but at King's ;^7, and Trinity £^),
(^) Meals : Dinner in Hall is a com- The Tutor's fee covers all lectures and
1
43 EXP— FEE
other teaching given in the College, as very variable quantity. ** Breakfasts"
well as paying for the Tutor's salary and in especial, by an unfortunate custom,
expenses, connected with the collection have come to be absurdly heavy meals,
of College payments, and the general but of course an Undergraduate pos-
supervision of the pupils under him. sessed of a little courage may invite
Where the teaching given in College is one or two friends to a simple and inex-
not sufficient for any student, he is pensive meal.
generally allowed the cost of a certain Any one who contemplates entering
number of University or Inter- Collegiate the University will be able to judge for
Lectures ; but some will find it necessary himself, from the above particulars,
to have further recourse to private tui- how far, if at all, he would be able to
tion. This is generally only required in reduce his annual expenditure below
the Long Vacation, when lectures are ^140.
scarce ; or for a few terms only in some
special subject. However, men who ZTxperimental Physics, Pro-
aim Mathematical Honours for
at high fessor of. —
This Professorship was
the most part still read with a coach, established by the University in 187
although some of the Colleges are now for the advancement of the knowledge
making special efforts to provide the of Heat, Electricity, and Magnetism
full teaching required in Mathematics as especially, and was intended to termi-
well as in other studies. Backward nate with the tenure of office of its first
students also, who can afford it, often holder, J. Clerk Maxwell. It was made
indulge almost every term in a Poll permanent under the 1882 Statutes, by
Coach, whom they expect to do all the which the stipend was raised to ;^85o,
necessary cramming for them. Under and mode of election, etc., regulated
the head of cost of learning must also {see Professors). The present Pro-
be reckoned the Bookseller's Bill, say fessor, Joseph John Thomson, M.A.,
from £6 to £io a year. The lowest F.R.S., Fellow of Trinity, was elected
annual expenditure on studies is there- in December, 1884. He is assisted by
fore about ;i^26, or if a man resides in two Demonstrators (salary £\^o each),
the Long Vacation about £36. R. T. Glazebrook, M.A., F.R.S.,
(5) Personal Expenses of course vary Fellow of Trinity, and W. N. Shaw,
more widely than any other kind of M.A., Fellow of Emmanuel, and two
expenditure. Assistant Demonstrators. This Pro-
\a) Travelling to and from Cam- fessor is sometimes called the Caven-
bridge three times in the year is a con- dish Professor, as he has charge of the
siderable item, say on an average £6. Cavendish Laboratory.
Amusements and recreation may
(<^)
be had very cheaply by men who are Fees (University).— ('SV^ also
content to take their daily exercise in Expenses.)
walks ; and subscription to the various Matriculation,
College Athletic Clubs is quite volun- £ s. d.
tary. The subscription to the College Nobleman ... 15 10 o
Reading Rooms is very slight ; but Fellow Commoner 10 10 o
most men who can afford it join the All other persons 5 o o
Union {which see). All other persons matriculated
(<;) Dress need cost no more at Cam- by special permission on
bridge than anywhere else, specially if any other day than a day
the ready money system is followed. of General Matriculation
{d) Hospitality^ shown principally in (excepting candidates for
giving breakfasts or luncheons (as din- Musical Degrees), an extra
ner is a common meal), is of course a fee of ... o 10 6
FEE— FEL 44
Capiiation Tax. £ s d.
47 FOO-FRE
and F. Marchant (Trinity), left wing. dark, and in attending lectures, etc.,
The result of this match left Cambridge according to University and College
with eight wins against four scored by regulations ; and by the more crushing
Oxford. On January 10,1885, the United laws of custom gloves, sticks, and
Universities played against London and umbrellas cannot be carried at the same
the South, and won easily by six goals time. But enough of dress.
to one. The Inter-Collegiate Associa- Only one other accoutrement must
tion Cup was won by Jesus College. be mentioned as absolutely to be left
Footlights, The.— This dramatic behind, along with boyhood, viz. sugar-
,
Club was established in 1883, in order tongs ; for lump sugar, in Cambridge, is
to develop latent histrionic talent in generally passed round and taken with
such members of the University as choose the clean finger and thumb. The hands
to join it. Social evenings, with songs, have little other social use, for there is
recitations, etc., by the members, are total abstinence from handshaking, ex-
held every term ; and to these gather- cept on the first and last occasion of
ings members are at liberty to introduce seeing an acquaintance in any term.
friends. Public entertainments are When two men meet in the street or
given from time to time at the Theatre road who have nothing to say, they do
Royal. {See also A. D. C. not stop and say it, nor even mutter in
Freshmen. —An Undergraduate is passing, " Do ? " but the tiniest nod or
properly a Freshman till the end of his the least perceptible motion of the
first year, but he forgets the fact by the near eyelid suffices. The fresh springy
end of his first term, and wishes others youth, who comes up with some boyish
to forget it before the end of his first bubbling gush and sentiment, need not
week. If he would be successful in let himself be frozen by the seeming
hiding the natural disgrace of verdancy, coldness and formality of the social
a few elementary precautions must be atmosphere ; and must never imagine
taken. First, he must Jiot alight on himself "cut," but rather believe, till
the Cambridge platform with high hat he meets with proof absolute, either
on head, or hat-box in hand ; chimney- that his seeming haughty senior is really
pots and their cases must on all accounts short-sighted, or that his own sight is
be left at home. In the matter of hats, not clear enough to distinguish the
there is safety in the ordinary hard courtly motion of the eyelid.
round felt ; even a straw hat should A shy and lonely lad has often found
not be brought up, as the colour of the term disappointing, from the
his first
straw and of the ribbon will depend on lack of friends or even speaking ac-
the College Club which is eventually quaintances he has made ; it is almost
joined. Scotch bonnets, wide-awakes, as easy to live alone in Cambridge as in
and other soft things may be donned London. But on the other hand a
later according to taste, but the diffident little courage will melt the frozen surface,
ones had better begin with billycocks. and persistency will even pierce the
Morning coats may be brought in the stony case of formality, and the Cam-
portmanteau, but the short tailless bridge waters of comradeship will flow
jacket looks more natural on the back. free and friendly. For instance, in
Having arrived, one of the first things most Colleges, a Freshman will find
is to get a cap and gown, which have cards left upon him by the unseen hands
to be worn in a peculiar way ; the latter of men senior to him ; such calls he
with the loop inside, and the former so must perseveringly return, and that too,
placed on the head that the wearer can until he finds each of his several callers
see one of the four corners (there is in ; the ordeal may be severe, but
only one way of doing this). This among them all he is sure to find some
academical dress has to be worn after whose acquaintance vvill be agreeably
;
FRE-GEN 48
and perhaps one whose friendship will pendium. There is a horrible tradition,
be valuable ; the others will doubtless still simmering at Cambridge, that one
drop away gradually. If these calls mark of an Undergraduate is to attend
are not returned as soon as possible, public entertainments at the Town
the term will soon slip by, and one Hall, and make a disturbance ; or to
opportunity of knowing these slightly parade the streets on the 5th of Novem-
older men will have gone, never to ber and try to provoke a town and
return. However, of course the largest gown row. These things become
number of close friendships will rarer every year and that they occur
:
naturally be made with other Freshmen only in the October Term is due to the
'
for are they not ' fed at the same Hall, fact that only Freshmen take part in
struck by the same novelty, subject to them. Any Freshman, therefore, who
the same lectures, tubbed in the same does not wish to air his greenness, will
boats, inspired and depressed by the avoid this blackguard rowdyism.
same Little-go and chance of being
ploughed therein?" But even these —
Gate-fines. All College gates and
frequent means of intercourse must be the doors of all licensed lodgings are
"
cultivated, or they will be barren. locked at ten o'clock, and '' Gate-fines
There are other cards and circulars, are inflicted on Undergraduates and
which a Freshman will find on his table Bachelors coming in after that hour.
very punctually, besides those of the These fines, as a rule, only begin to be
mysterious second year man, viz., serious when midnight is passed ; and
those of tradesmen, and those of secre- the transgressor in such cases will often
find himself called upon to pay a matu-
taries of every species of Society or
tinal visit to the Dean or Tutor. Gating
Club. The former may be used as
is a punishment inflicted for breaches of
pipelights, or at any rate need not be
discipline, and consists in being obliged
"returned" at once. The latter also
to be in by some hour earlier than ten
should not be hastily answered ; even
the College Clubs need not be joined,
o'clock. A man who is "gated "and
if a man has resolved that walking is
comes without being able to
in late,
give a good reason for it, is liable to
the most suitable exercise for his
muscles and his purse, and no Societies something much more serious than
outside the College except the Union
"Gate-fines."
need be considered in the first term at General Examination {see
least. Arts, Proceedings in). —The General
A book called "A Compendium of Examination consists of papers on (i),
University Regulations " will be given The Acts of the Apostles in the original
to the Freshman on his first arrival Greek ; (2), a Latin Classic ; (3), a
this he will do well to glance at— it is Greek Classic ; (4), Algebra; (5), Ele-
—
written in plain English in order to mentary Statics, treated so as not
find out what he is expected by the necessarily to require a knowledge of
authorities to avoid, ^.^., smoking in Trigonometry; (6), Elementary Hydro-
the streets, dabbling in debts or other statics and Heat. No person shall
kinds of wastefulness, promoting horse- be approved by the Examiners unless
races or driving tandems. Disregard he show a competent knowledge of
of these regulations, when discovered, each of the above subjects of ex-
is met with more or less serious dis- amination. There are two additional
comforts. The Proctors, who attend to papers, one containing one or more
some of these matters, cannot be safely passages of English for translation into
run away from, unless the flight be Latin Prose, and the other contain-
successful. One other matter of be- ing one or more subjects for an English
haviour is not specified in the Com- Essay and questions on a selected play
49 GEN-GIR
of Shukespe^e or portion of the works The collection was started by Wood-
of Mil* on. These papers are not ward, founder of the Geological Pro-
obligatory. fessorship,and was largely increased
The Examination is held twice a year under Sedgwick, the late holder of that
in the Easter an^ Michaelmas Terms, chair, memory of whom a new
in
and the selected Latin, Greek, and Geological Museum will shortly be
English subjects foe any year are an- built, when the rooms of the present
nounced in the Easter Term of the Museum will probably be incorporated
previous year. The Examination is into the Library. The public are
conducted entirely by printed papers ; admitted between lo and 4.
and the successful candidates are placed
Geology, Woodwardiaix Pro-
in four classes, arranged alphabetically.
—
fessor Oi. Founded by Dr. Wood-
ward in 1727 ; election in future re-
Geological Museum. — This gulated by the 1881 Statutes [see
museum is in Senate House Passage, Professors). Stipend ;^5oo, to be
under Cockerell's Room in the Library, raised on next vacancy to £700. The
but the entrance is through the old present Professor is T. McK. Hughes,
gate of King's opposite Clare College. M.A., Fellow of Clare.
GIRTON COLLEGE.
This College for the higher education of women was started in 1869, in a
hired house at Hitchin, with six students. A
few Graduates were induced
to go all the way from Cambridge to lecture once, or more often, every
week, but the manifest inconvenience of the distance led to a removal
nearer Cambridge. The authorities could not, however, persuade them-
selves to settle in the heart of the University ; they therefore alighted on
a spot about two miles from the centre of the town, on the Huntingdon
Road, in the parish of Girton. Here a convenient red-brick building
was opened in 1873 J it was enlarged in 1878, and again in 1883-4, so
that it now contains rooms for the Mistress, resident lecturers, and about
eighty students, with Hall, Lecture-rooms, Library, Gymnasium, and
Hospital, etc. From 1873 to 1 881, students of the College were informally
admitted to various University Examinations, qualifying for the B. A. degree,
after having fulfilled conditions of residence, etc., similar to those of
members of the University. Since 1881 they have been admitted formally
to the Previous and Tripos Examinations {see Women
at the Univer-
sity), and some students have been also examined informally, as before,
in the Examinations for the ordinary degree.
The Executive Committee consists of about thirty ladies and gentle-
men, with the following officers :
GIR-GOV 50
ADMISSION. scription 2s. 6d. a term ; Gymiusium
Candidates for admission, who, ex- Chtbj entrance fee is., subscriptton 6d,
cept in special cases, must not be under a term ; Racquet Court Clnb, entrance
the age of eighteen, have to undergo 6d. ; Dra?jiatic Club, entrance (>d. , and
an Entrance Examination, held in other literary clubs ; a Choral Society ;
London and other centres, in March Debating Societies ; and Fire Brigade.
and June. Application should be made
to the Secretary for Forms of Entry Golf Club, Cambridge XXni-
"in time to return them, filled up, with —
versity. This Club, established in
the Examination fee (£i) not later than 1876, has now over 100 members. The
January 31 for the March Examina- subscription is \os, a term, and entrance
tion, and April 30 for the June fee £\ \s. There is a terminal com-
*
Examination certificates are excused Cup and the "Pirie" Medal. In the
this Entrance Examination. *' Students 1884-5 season the Club lost the match
are not obliged to reside for the whole against Oxford by one hole to thirty-
course of nine terms, but any one who nine.
can only afford a shorter time may enter
Gonville and Caius College.
and share in the advantages of the
College for such time as she may be
—This College, founded by Edmond
Gonvil in 1348, and refounded by Dr.
able to stay."
John Caius in 1558, is commonly called
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. Caius (now pronounced "Keys") Col-
About six Scholarships or Exhi- lege. As Fuller says, Dr. Caius gave'
'
The executive officers of the Uni- v/ith ''dinner in the College Hall."
v-ersity are the Chancellor, High
Steward, Vice-Chancellor, Commissary,
—
Halls. The Colleges at Cambridge
"
were all originally named " Houses
Sex Viri, Public Orator, Librarian, or "Halls." Gradually the name Col-
Registrary, Proctors, Esquire Bedells,
lege, at first applied only to the mem-
and University Marshals. For their bers of the establishment, was extended
several duties, see separate headings.
to the buildings. Now the only Halls
Grace.— (^^^ Governing Body.) are Trinity Hall and Ridley Hall. The
former differs in no respect from a
Graduate.— Any member of the College, and only retains the older
University who has been admitted to name, to distinguish it from its larger
the Bachelor's, or any higher degree, is neighbour. Trinity College ; while the
a Graduate ; but Bachelors of Arts or of latter is only for Graduates.
Law are still in statu pupilla7'i, and Hare and Hounds Club, Cam-
Bachelors of Arts, Law, Medicine, or
Surgery do not enjoy the higher privi-
bridge University . —
This Club
meets for a run over the suitable country
leges of Graduateship, specially mem-
round Cambridge usually twice a week
bership of the Senate.
during the Michaelmas and Lent Terms.
Greek, Regius Professor of. In the season 1 884-5, the Club was
—The appointment to this Professor- successful against the Oxford University
ship, founded by Henry VHL, 1540, is Club for the fourth time in succession ;
by the Council of the Senate. The but was defeated by the South London
stipend is now £^^0 a year with a Harriers. The team against Oxford
Canonry in Ely Cathedral. On the consisted of L. W. Reed (St. John's),
next vacancy the Canonry will be S. H.Whateley (Queens'), R, R. Conway
severed from this Professorship, and (St. Catharine's), T. H. Kirby (St.
the stipend will then be £650 (inclu- John's), and F. A. Dale (Corpus).
ding a Fellowship at Trinity College).
Hare Prize (about £()o) is given
The present Professor is B. H. Ken- once in four years for an Essay on Ancient
nedy, D.D., Honorary Fellow of St. History or Philosophy, open to Gradu-
John's. ates of not more than ten years' standing.
—
Grind, There are three kinds of Harkness Scholarship.— Mrs.
*' grind " in Cambridge (i), a chain-
;
who died in 1884,
Pearson, of Penrith,
ferry ; (2), a constitutional walk, par-
bequeathed £1,750 to the University of
ticularly the Grantchester *'grind";
Cambridge, to found a Scholarship in
(3), laborious study. Geology and Palaeontology, to be named
Gymnasium, in Market Passage, after her late brother. Professor Hark-
is open to members of the University ness, of Cork. Regulations for this
every week-day, except Wednesday, Scholarship are not yet framed. Mrs.
from II to 4.30. Wednesday is the Pearson also left money for a similar
ladies' day, and the evenings are for Scholarship open to students of Girton
townsmen. and Newnham Colleges.
HAR-HON 52
Harness Prize (about ^15), for term of residence. It comprises papers
best English Essay on some subject on: (i), English History; (2,^3, 4),
connected with Shakespearian Litera- Special subjects, to be selected, gene-
ture, is given triennially ; open to rally speaking, from the periods termed
Undergraduates and Bachelors. Sub- Ancient, Medieval, and Modern respec-
ject for Essay, to be sent up on or before tively. (Either 3 or 4 to be always
January 30, 1886, is ''A Critical taken from English History. In sub-
Examination of the Influence exercised jects 2, 3, and 4, some knowledge of
by Marlowe upon Shakespeare's Earlier the chief original sources will be ex-
Style." pected.) Principles of Political
(5),
Hawks' Club.—This is a cricket Philosophy and of General Jurispru-
and social club; entrance fee £1 is., dence ; (6), Constitutional Law and
subscription £1 is. for the October Constitutional History ; (7), Political
and Lent Terms, and ^i 6s. for the Economy and Economic History ; (8),
May Term. It consists of present or Public International Law in connection
past members of the University ; and with selected Treaties ; (9), Subjects
the election is by ballot of the com- for Essays. The selected periods are
mittee, one black ball excluding. The announced by the Board of Historical
Club Rooms, open daily, are at Car- Studies three years before the Exami-
penter's, All Saints' Passage. nation of any year, and the Board may
publish from time to time a list of
Hebrew Prize (about ;£"2o) is
books recommended. Candidates who
given to the best candidate in Hebrew
in the second part of the Theological
deserve Honours are placed in three
classes in order of merit.
Tripos. {See also Mason's Prize, for
Hebrew.) History (Modern), Professor
Hebrew, Regius Professor of. —
This Professorship was instituted
of. — The appointment to this Professor-
by George I., 1724, and has been con-
ship,founded by Henry VIII., 1540, is tinued by each succeeding Sovereign,
by the Council of the Senate. Salary with whom the appointment rests ; the
£/^o a year, with a Canonry at Ely stipend is £371, to be raised on next
Cathedral the ; Professor, whether vacancy to ;^8oo. The present Pro-
Fellow of Trinity or not, is also entitled fessor is J. R. Seeley, M.A., Fellow of
to rooms (unless married) and to com- Caius and Honorary Fellow of Christ's.
mons in that College. The present {See also Ecclesiastical History.)
Professor is A. F. Kirkpatrick, M.A., Hobsou's Conduit.—A curious
Fellow of Trinity. conduit at the town end of the brook
High Steward— Earl of Powis, on the Trumpington Road is called
LL.D. (St. John's).— The High Steward Hobson's Conduit, in memory of the
(elected for life) has special power to famous carrier immortalised by Milton.
take the of scholars impeached
trial The water in this brook comes from the
of felony within the limits of the Nine Elms springs at Shelford, and sup-
University, and to hold and keep a plies the unique brooklets on either side
leet according to the established charter of Trumpington Street and St. Andrew's
and custom. His deputy, who receives Street, as well as the swimming-baths
a stipend of £^, is F. Barlow, M.A. of Emmanuel and Christ's Colleges, and
(Trin. Hall). the fountain on Market Hill. Hobson
Historical Tripos.—The His- used to let horses, and always let them
torical Tripos has to be taken in the third out in turn ; hence arose Hobson's
Easter Term, or, if previous Honours choice, '* This or none."
have been obtained, may be taken in
it Honours.— (6'<?i: Arts, Proceed-
the fourth Easter Term after the first ings IN.)
;;
53 HOP— IND
Hopkins Prize.—The Hopkins forehand) of Christian Evidences, open
Prize, founded in memory of the late to Undergraduates and Bachelors.
W. Hopkins, M. A.,F.R.S.,is adjudged A
Inauguration.— Bachelor's de-
triennially by three persons, nominated
gree is completed by the ceremony of
by the Council of the Cambridge Philo- Inauguration, at which there is no ne-
sophical Society, for an original memoir,
cessity for the attendance of the Bachelor.
invention or discovery connected with
The names of all the Bachelors are read
Mathematical, Physical, or Experi-
in a certain order, and the Senior Proc-
mental Science, published during the
tor then pronounces them to be actually
three preceding years.
Bachelors. The Inauguration for Bache-
Hostel.— Any M.A. of the Uni- lors of Arts or Law takes place on the
versity may, with a license from the last day (or, if that be Sunday, on the
Vice - Chancellor, open a house or last but one) of Michaelmas Term ; and
Hostel for the reception of Under- for Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery
graduate students of the University. on Commencement Tuesday [which see).
There one Hostel of this
at present
is
kind, Ayerst's [which see) ; but another, —
Inceptor. A Graduate who has
St. Paul's [which see), is about to been admitted to the degree of Master
be opened. The two young Colleges, of Arts or of Law, is said to " incept"
Cavendish and Selwyn {which see), in Arts or in Law ; and his proper title
were founded first merely as houses isInceptor in Arts or in Law until the
for Non-Collegiate Students, but have following Commencement Tuesday
now been recognised by the University [ivhich see), when his Master's degree
as independent bodies, under the name is completed by *' creation."
of Public Hostels. As far as the Under- Incorporation. [See Admission
graduates of Hostels are concerned, FROM OTHER UNIVERSITIES.)
they are in all respects, except for
the savour of antiquity, in the same Indian Civil Service.—
position as members of a College ; but Selected candidates for the Indian Civil
in its corporate capacity in relation to Service, whoelect Cambridge as their
place ofpreparation, pursue their
the University a Hostel is inferior to
a College in several respects, e.g., its studies under the supervision of a
Head is not eligible for the post of Board appointed by the Senate, called
Vice-Chancellor, it does not nominate the Board of Indian Civil Service
Proctors in turn with the Colleges, and Studies. The Board has appointed
not being possessed of rich endowments separate teachers in Hindi and Hindus-
it does not contribute to the Common
tani, Tamil and Telugu, Marathi,
University Fund, nor has it a share in Bengali, Persian, and Burmese, and
the appointment of the Financial Board. also provides assistance in the study of
Indian History and Geography; while
Hulsean Lecturer is appointed other suitable instruction is provided
annually to preach four or more ser- from sources not under the control of this
mons on the Evidence for Revealed Board, viz. (l), Indian Law, Juris-
Religion, or the explanation of obscure prudence, English Criminal Law, and
passages in Holy Scripture. The Law of Evidence, taught by the Reader
stipend is about ^loo ; and the electors of Indian Law, whose office is attached
are the Vice-Chancellor, the Masters of to the Board of Legal Studies; (2),
Trinity and St. John's, and the four Sanskrit by the Professor of Sanskrit
Divinity Professors.
(3), Arabic by one of the two Professors
Hulsean Prize ^
(between £^0 (4), a specially adapted course in
and ;!^8o) is given annually for Disser- Political Economy, arranged by the
tation on some portion (announced be- Board of Moral Science Studies.
;
IND— JES 54
Indian Languages Tripos.— Grammar, and Arabic Grammar with
The Indian Languages Tripos, in 1887 especial reference to the forms occurring
and subsequent years, will be held in in Persian; (10), Selected Hindustani
the Easter Term, instead of the Lent works, including the Intikhab i Kulliyat
Term. It will be open to any student i Sauda ; (li). Translation into Hindu-
who has entered on his eighth term at stani; (12), Passages for translation
least, having previously kept seven into English from unspecified Hindu-
terms, provided that eleven complete stani works; (13), Comparative Grammar
terms shall not have passed after the of the Indo-European Languages; (14),
first of the said seven terms, but may History of the Indian Languages, Litera-
be taken later, in some cases as late ture and Philosophy. The selected
•as the sixteenth term, if certain other books are announced by the Board of
Honour Examinations, or one of the Oriental Studies two years before the
Special Examinations,have been pa-sed, Examination of any year ; the Board also
or later still, under certain other cir- publishes from time to time a list of books
-cumstances, with the special permis- bearing on the last two papers. Candi-
sion of the Council. The Examina- dates who deserve Honours are placed in
tion consists of the following papers : three classes, arranged alphabetically,
(i), Translation into Sanskrit; (2), and no one can obtain a First Class who
Selected Sanskrit Dramatic and other does not shov/ a competent knowledge
Poems ; (3), Selected Sanskrit Prose of Sanskrit together with Comparative
works (including a philosophical treatise) Grammar, or of Persian (including the
and a selected portion of the Rig Veda Arabic element) together with Com-
with Sayana's Commentary; (4), Pas- parative Grammar, or of Hindustani
sages for translation into English from together with Sanskrit or Persian.
unspecified Sanskrit works ; (5), Paper
on Sanskrit Grammar, including a Jacksonian Professor.— (.SV^
selected portion or portions of a work
Natural Experimental Philo-
of some native Grammarian; (6), sophy.)
Selected Persian v/orks, including a Jeremie Frizes, two annually
portion or portions of the Masnavi (about £15 each), are given to Under-
{7), Translation into Persian ; (8), Pas- graduates or Bachelors, by examination
sages for translation into English from in Septuagint and Hellenistic Literature,
unspecified Persian works ; (9), Persian held in the Michaelmas Term.
JESUS COLLEGE.
Jesus College rose out of the ruins of a nunnery, founded in honour of
St. Rhadegund, about 11 33, and endowed by Malcolm IV. of Scotland,
Earl of Huntingdon and Cambridge, and by others. This nunnery had
by the end of the fifteenth century fallen into a sad condition, through
the negligence and extravagance of its inmates. In 1497 when, it is —
said, only two nuns, one of them a child, were living in the place
Alcock, Bishop of Ely, obtained leave from King Henry VII. and Pope
John —
Julius II. to turn it into a College, expelling the nuns and appropriating
the endowments. The Bishop, who was an excellent architect, super-
intended the necessary alterations in the buildings.
The entrance gateway, approached by a long passage called " The
Chimney," between the high walls of the Master's and Fellows'
;gardens, is a pleasing example of Alcock's work, but injured by the
substitution, in the last century, of sash windows for Gothic. Over
the arch an ogee canopy points to a niche above, in which a statue
55 JES— JES
of the founder is placed. The first court, which is only built on
three sides, has been in great part rebuilt since Alcock's time, but
near the middle of the east side is still left his gateway, leading inta
the cloister court. This gateway also has- ogee work over the arch, and
is particularly graceful. Part of the east and south sides of the cloister
court are occupied by the north transept and the nave of the Chapel.
This is, after King's Chapel, the most interesting in Cambridge it has
;
1 JES— KIN
held one of certain College offices do the cognisance of the University are
not count in the six years, provided he submitted to the judgment of the
has held such office at least five years. Chancellor, who may depute any case
The emoluments of a Fellow are not to his Commissary, unless one of the
more than £250, exclusive of rooms litigants be a person having the degree
and commons. of Master of Arts, or some equal or
EXPENSES. higher degree. Such cases are deter-
The Tutorial fee is £6 a term mined without the formalities of law.
dinner in Hall, 2s. a day, and room- Appeal from a judgment of the Com-
rent about £6 a term. The College missary may be made to the Chancellor
fee for the B.A. degree is £4 2s. {See within twenty-four hours after judgment
general article on Expenses. given ; and appeal from a judgment of
)
the Chancellor may be made to the
CLUBS. Senate within two days after judgment
Athletic Club. —
Entrance fee, 6s. ; given. In the latter case, five Judges
Subscription, 6s. a year. Delegate are appointed to try the appeal
—
Boat Club. Entrance fee, £l is. ; by Grace of the Senate on the nomi-
subscription, £1 is. a term. nation of the Council. The Judges
Club. — Entrance
CricJzet £1 fee, \s.
Delegate are to give judgment as soon
Subscription, £1 a year.
is, as possible, and the judgment of the
Football Club. — Entrance fee, 5^-. ;
majority is binding. No second appeal
SubscrijDtion, a year.
5s. to the University can be admitted.
Lawn Tenjiis Club. — Entrance fee,
5^. Subscription, 5«r. a term.
; Kaye Prize (about £60) is given
The Jesus colours are red and black. every fourth year for Essay on an
Debating Society and Reading Room. Ecclesiastical or Biblical subject, open
— Subscription, 2.s. 6d. a term. to Graduates of not more than ten
Musical Society. —
Entrance fee, years' standing. Subject for 1887 Essay
2s. 6d. Subscription, 2s. 6d. a term.
; will be announced in December, 1886.
The privileges of all the above Clubs
may be acquired by an entrance fee of Keep. — A Cambridge man does
not "live" in "chambers," but
£2 2s. and a subscription of;^i ilj". 6d. " keeps " in " rooms." So Shakespeare
a term to the "Amalgamated Clubs."
(Titus Andronicus v. 2) says :
KING'S COLLEGE.
Henry VI. was the royal and munificent founder of this College. His
project at first (1441) was to endow a small foundation, to consist of a
rector and twelve scholars, for whom buildings were erected on a site
north of the present College. These were sold to the University in the
present century, and pulled down for the enlargement of the Library.
The picturesque old gateway and outer wall are alone left, opposite the
entrance of Clare College. In 1443 the King enlarged the scope of his
foundation, and connected it with Eton, from which the scholars, when
sufficiently advanced, were to be transferred to the College at Cambridge,
now intended to educate seventy men.
The buildings to accommodate such a number of students were
designed on an extensive scale, but only the Chapel was built in
accordance with the royal plan. This noble and unique edifice, the
5
KIN-KIN 53
pride of Cambridge, '* almost the last great triumph of English Gothic
art," built in the Perpendicular style, was begun in the founder's
reign, continued slowly during those of his immediate successors, who
diverted to other uses the money intended for its completion, but was
more vigorously pushed on by Henry VII. and Henry VIII., in whose
reign it was finished. " It is," says Fuller, " one of the rarest fabrics in
Christendom, wherein the stonework, woodwork, and glasswork contend,
which most deserve admiration. Yet the first generally carrieth away
the credit (as being a Stonehenge indeed), so geometrically contrived that
voluminous stones mutually support themselves in the arched roof, as if
art had made them forget nature, and weaned them from their fondness
to descend to their center." In other words, this " branching roof,
self-poised" apparently, with its hanging keystones in each division
more than a yard thick and above a ton in weight, is so contrived
that its huge weight rests on the mighty buttresses outside.
, All
the windows, except the large west one, were glazed between 151
and 1 531, by Flower and four other London glaziers. The west window
was put up in 187 1-9, by Clayton and Bell (given by Mr. E. Stacey,
a former Fellow of the College), and its style is carefully imitated from the
others. These old windows are probably unsurpassed by any in England,
the east window has been said to be unrivalled in the world and with few
;
exceptions they have remained uninjured. The lower half of each of the
side windows contains two pictures from New Testament history, taken
in order all round the Chapel, beginning at the west window on
the north side ; and the upper half usually is occupied by two
scenes from the Old Testament or Apocryphal books, typically
corresponding to the scenes below ; while down the centre of the
whole window, separating the pairs of scenes, are four figures called
messengers, bearing on scrolls Latin descriptions of the four pictures.
The whole of the east window is occupied by scenes connected with the
Judgment and Crucifixion of Christ, and the west window illustrates the
Last Judgment. There are twelve windows on each side at the sixth an
;
time of Charles I. On each side of the Chapel are nine chantries, which
fill up the intervals between the buttresses, and contain many monu-
59 KIN-KIM
the Chapel, is separated from the street by a screen of open stonework, in the
middle of which stands the gateway, which is more elaborate than elegant.
The classical block of buildings opposite the entrance was built in 1724,
from designs by Gibbs, but the stone screen and gateway, with the whole
of the south side of the court, were built by Wilkins (1824-8), in the
Gothic of that age. The buildings on the south side include the Hall,
Combination Rooms, Library, and Provost's Lodge, the last being in the
second court, one side of which is occupied by Clare College and another
by the river. The Hall shares the same fault that Mr. Ruskin finds with
the exterior of the Chapel, i.e., it is symmetrical but not properly propor-
tioned. The bay window is in the middle and doors at either end, the
low-pitched roof is not improved by a pair of misproportioned lanterns,
and the interior is spoiled by having galleries at both ends. The two
Combination Rooms contain portraits of the founder and others. The
Provost's Lodge, in the Tudor domestic style, is the best part of this block.
Between the Lodge and the Hall is the Library, not possessing any
particular architectural merit, but enriched with a valuable collection of
about 12,000 books. The elegant fountain in the middle of the front
court has been lately set up, adorned with a statue of the founder, whose
plans included a fountain in this position. At the south-east corner of
the College are new buildings by Sir G. Scott.
The members of King's College are exempted from the jurisdiction
of the University while within the walls of the College, and till 1857,
when they surrendered the privilege, they could claim the B.A. degree
without undergoing the Examinations required of all other members of
the University.
Richard Croke, first Public Orator; Lord Chancellor Th. Rotherham,
Archbishop of York; Sir F.Walsingham Bishop Pearson Sir R.Walpole
; ;
and Lord Stratford de Redchfife were among the famous students of this
College.
Visitor. Lecturers.
The Lord Bishop of Lincoln. J. Nixon, M.A. {Classics).
E.
Provost. A. A. TiLLEY, M.A. {Classics),
Richard Okes, D.D. G. Chawner, M.A. {Classics).
Vice-Provosf. *
^' ^- CoOKE, M.A. {Classics).
A. Austen Leigh, M.A. H- E. Ryle, M.A. {Divinity).
Deans. P* PROST, Sc.D. {Mathematics).
A. Austen Leigh, M.A. H- T. Stearn, M.A. {Matheuiatics).
H. T. Stearn, M.A. "^- ^- Macaulay, M.A. {Mathematics).
'
' "
G. W. Prothero, M.A. (History).
T7 WxxTo^^TMr^ ^^'V'''' O- Browning, M.A. {History).
w^^c3 t' J?;^- A/r A
^•^' . S. F. HARMER, B.A., and C.T. Heycock.
M.A. {Assistant Lecturers in Natural
?^V
C. E. r^^M. ?^T'
Grant, M.A. Sciences).
Auditor. Librarian.
W. Barrow Simonds. C. E. Grant, M.A.
Tzitors. Chaplains.
^ ,
G. W. Prothero, M.A. H. T. Biscoe, M.A.
A. A. TiLLEY, M.A. J. F. E. Faning, M.A.
PrcBlector. Organist.
G. W. Prothero, M.A. A. H. Mann, Mus.D.
-
KIN— KIN 60
Master over the Choristers. ADMISSION.
V. C. R. Reynell, M.A., LL.M. Candidates for admission cm qualify
Senior Fellotvs. by going through the Scholarship Ex-
Andrew Long, M.A. amination, held about the middle of
Thomas Bendyshe, M.A. December. Examinations for admission
Henry Bradshaw, M.A. only are held, if necessary, at other
Frederick Whitting, M.A. times, generally in June or October.
Rev. Arthur Henry Aylmer Morton, Candidates should send in their names
M.A.
to the Senior Tutor, who will return
John George Witt, M.A.
regulations for the Examination, and
Rev. William Ralph Churton, B.D.
Oscar Browning, M.A. forms for certificate of character, etc.
Francis Cotterell Hodgson, M.A. Only such persons are admitted to the
Herbert Newman Mozley, M.A., College as are, in the judgment of the
LL.M. Examiners, likely to be able to take a
Edward Compton Austen Leigh,M. A. degree in Honours in some Tripos
Rev. Augustus Austen Leigh, M.A. at the proper time. Exemption from
John Edwin Nixon, M.A. this Examination is granted in certain
Henry Williams Mozley, M.A. cases to holders of an Oxford and Cam-
Fellows. bridge certificate, or of a certificate
Rev. Henry Hollingworth, M.A. gainedin the Cambridge Local Examina-
Rev. Septimus Buller Phillpotts, tions, and also to selected candidates for
M.A. the Indian Civil Service. All, except
William Austen Leigh, M.A. Eton scholars, are required to pay, be-
Felix Thornley Cobbold, M.A. fore admission, ^^15 as Caution money,
Walter Durnford, M.A. to be ultimately returned ; and all,
William Manning Harris, M.A. except scholars, are charged an entrance
Rev. John Kennedy, M.A.
fee of £Z'
Walter William Radcliffe, M.A.
George Walter Prothero, M.A. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
Francis Hay Rawlins, M.A.
Twenty- four of the Scholarshi ps are ap
Charles Eustace Grant, M.A.
Harold Arthur Perry, M.A. propriated to Eton College, and twenty-
Thomas Clarkson, M.A. four are open. Of the former about four
Arthur Augustus Tilley, M.A. are offered every year for competition
Rev. Edward Carus Selwyn, M.A as Entrance Scholarships, tenable for
George William Douton, M.A. four years, and two as Undergraduate
Rev. James Edward Cowell Well- Scholarships. About six Open Scholar-
don, M.A. ships are offered every year, for pro-
George Chawner, M.A. ficiency in Mathematics, Classics, or
Rev. Alfred Hands Cooke, M.A. History, some as Entrance Scholarships,
William Herrick Macaulay, M.A. which are tenable for two years, but
Carl Pearson, M.A., LL.B.
Edwin Cooper Perry, M.A. may be prolonged for another two
Herbert Thomas Stearn, M.A. years, and the others as Undergraduate
Rev. Herbert Edward Ryle, M.A. Scholarships. The next Entrance
Robert John Parker, M.A. Scholarship Examination will begin
William Rhys Roberts, M.A. about December 15, 1885. Candidates
Rev. Brooke Foss Westcott, D.D. foropen Entrance Scholarships must
Rev. Percival Frost, Sc.D., F.R.S. be under nineteen years of age. All
Rev. John Reginald Harmer, M.A. Undergraduate Scholarships are tenable
Arthur Reed Ropes, M.A. till the holder is of six years' standing
George Murray Humphry, M.D., March 25 in the academical
F.R.S.
from
James Kenneth Stephen, M.A. year in which he commenced residence,
Marcus Southwell Dimsdale, B.A. or is sooner elected to a Fellow-
Charles Chree, B.A. ship. The emoluments of a Scholar-
61 KIN-KIN
ship are £80 a year. Holders of commons during residence. Fellow-
Undergraduate Scholarships have also ships must be vacated on presentation
tuition free, and Eton scholars have to a College living worth ;^400.
commons during residence, and rooms
rent-free until their first degree. There EXPENSES.
is also an Entrance (Saunders') Scholar- The tuition fee for all Under-
ship of £75 a year, tenable for two graduates, and for B.As. in their
years, but capable of prolongation. fourth year who are reading for a
The proceeds of vacant Scholarships Tripos, is £7 a term. This fee covers,
are appropriated to the Exhibition except in rare cases, all the ordinary
Fund, out of which Exhibitions are expenses of education, including lectures
awarded upon the results of the Entrance attended out of College. Measures are
and Annual College Examinations. taken to provide instruction, sufficient
One Exhibition for Natural Science, of in most cases to enable the student to
£^0 or ;^5o a year, is awarded annually, dispense with private tuition. The
open to all Undergraduates of the establishment charge for Undergraduates
College in their first or second year of and Bachelors is £/\. a term during resi-
residence, and to other candidates dence, and £1 a month during residence
under nineteen years of age. Upwards in the Long Vacation ; and 17^. a year
of jif 200 are given away annually in is paid to the University as Capitation
prizes of books or money, generally on Tax. Dinner in Hall
is provided for
the results of the University or College is. a day.
lid, Commons from the
Examinations. buttery cost about 6d. a day. Room-
rents vary from £i2 to jf 26 a year. The
FELLOWSHIPS. Long Vacation is considered a term in
There are forty-six Fellowships (ex- respect of payments to servants, but no
clusive of Honorary, Additional and room-rents or tuition fee are charged in
Supernumerary Fellowships), four of the Vacation. {See also general article
which are reserved for Professors of the oil Expenses.)
University {see Professors) ; the re-
mainder being open to Graduates of the CLUBS.
College who have not completed six Amalgamation Club, — Entrance fee,
years from March 25 in the academical ;!^ I loj.; Subscription, ;^i iij-. 6^. This
year in which they commenced resi- admits to all the separate Athletic
dence, or, if the Society wish, to other Clubs, Boat^ Cricket^ Athletics, Rugby
Graduates of like standing of Cambridge and Association Football, Lawn Tennis,
or of Oxford. One Fellowship in any and Lacrosse, as well as to the Ash
year may for special reasons be con- Tennis Courts and the Reading Room.
ferred on a Graduate of longer standing. A Treasurer (at present Mr. Prothero,
The Fellowships are tenable for six Tutor) and the Secretaries of the sepa-
years, not counting the years during rate Clubs form a committee of manage-
which the Fellow has held certain ment and in cases of necessity half
;
College or University offices, and when the subscription may be remitted. Sub-
one or more of such offices has been scription to Reading Room alone is
held for twenty-five years, the Fellow- 2.S. 6d. a term. The College colours
ship may be retained for life unless a are white and violet.
pension be voted instead. Super- There is a Musical Society, to which
numerary Fellows are such as volun- the subscription is about '^s. a term :
LAC— LAW 62
Lacrosse Club, Cambridge Magister) in the same way as an In-
University. — President, Rev. A. F. ceptor in Arts becomes Master of Arts
Torry, M.A.
(St. John's). Subscription {see Arts). Bachelors and Masters of
£l per annum, for life membership
is. Arts who have not obtained Honours in
£2 los. In the season 1884-5 the Law may proceed to the degree of
Club won three matches, lost three, Bachelor or Master of Law if they
and drew three. satisfy the Examiners for the Law
Lady Margaret Boat Club. Tripos for any year in the papers
—The present Boat Club of St. John's on English Personal Property, Real
Property, and Criminal Law, and pay
Colles^e is called the Lady Margaret Boat
Club '^(L.M. B.C.), after the foundress a fee of ;^3 3^. (in addition to the
of the College. There was formerly usual degree fee) to the Regius Pro-
another club called St. John's Boat Club. fessor of Civil Law ; but no person is
Arts who has taken that degree by International Law, founded in 1869
Honours in Law may be admitted to under the will of Dr. Whewell, to which
incept in Law at any time after three the electors are the Vice-Chancellor,
years have passed from the completion Master of Trinity, and the Professors of
of his Bachelor's degree ; and an In- Civil Law, Moral Philosophy, Laws of
ceptor in Law becomes a complete England, and Political Economy. The
Master of Law (LL.M. i.e., Legum salary is ;^5oo. The present Pro-
63 LAW— LIB
Right Hon. Sir W. G. G. V.
fessor, Le Bas Prize (about £60) is
Vernon Harcourt, M.A., Q.C., given annually for Essay on General
M.P., during his tenure of the office of Literature, open to Bachelors. Subject
Home Secretary, lectured by deputy. for Essay, to be sent in before end of
Xiaw Tripos. — The Law Tripos has Lent Term, 1886, is not yet announced,
to be taken in the third Easter Term, though by the Regulations it should have
or, if previous Honours have been ob- been given out in the first week of June.
tained, it may be taken in the fourth
Letters, Doctor of. ~ {See
Easter Term after first term of resi- Science and Letters.)
dence. It comprises nine papers, on :
(l), General and Comparative Juris- Librarian— H. Bradshaw, M.A.
prudence; (2), passages for Translation, (King's). — The University Library is
taken from the sources of Roman Law, under the charge of a Librarian (elected
particularly from Gaius, Ulpian, Jus- in the same way as the Public Orator) who
tinian, and some specified portion of holds office for life with a salary of ;^5oo
the Digest ; (3), questions on Roman a year, which it is proposed gradually
Law and its History ; (4), the English to raise to £800. Subject to the orders
Law of Personal Property; (5), the of a Library Syndicate he superintends
English Law of Real Property ; (6), the arrangement, cataloguing, and safe
English Criminal Law ; (7), the Legal custody of all the contents of the Library.
and Constitutional History of Eng-
land ; (8), Public International Law ; Library (University). —Every
College has its own Library {see under
(9), Essays or Problems on the sub-
separate Colleges), which in some cases,
jects of Examination. The Board of
e.g-. at Trinity, St. John's, and King's,
Legal Studies publishes from time to
is available for the use of all members
time a list of books recommended, and
may, by public notice issued at least of the College ; but the great Library in
two years before the Examination of Cambridge is the University Library,
any year, limit any or all of the above- the oldest and third largest in England.
It has about 400,000 books; its chief
named subjects to a department or
departments of the same. Candidates source of wealth being the Copyright
who deserve Honours are placed in Act, under which it may claim a copy
three classes in order of merit, and of every book published in the United
are entitled, on payment of the proper Kingdom. There are manyMSS., of
fees, to admission to the degree of which the most valuable is the Beza
Bachelor of Laws either instead of or MS. of part of the New Testament, in
in addition to that of Bachelor of Arts. Greek and Latin, probably of the sixth
(See Law, Proceedings in.
century. The front of the Library,
)
rebuilt in the Italian style in 1755, is
tawn Tennis Club, Cam- opposite the University Church. The
bridge University. —
The Uni- entrance is near the south-east corner,
versity Lawn Tennis Club was formed and a staircase, adorned with pictures,
in 88 1, but only secured a ground in
1 leads to the older part of the Library,
1884. The annual subscription is ;i^i, which is contained in four rooms on
entrance fee los. The results of the the first floor, round the four sides of
Inter-University Match in 1885 were the Schools quadrangle. The east room
again in favour of Cambridge, both is the most richly decorated in ceiling
in the four-handed and single matches. and fittings. On the north side is the
The Cambridge representatives were Catalogue Room, from which is a stair-
Hon. Lyon, H. V. Macnaughten,
P. B. case leading up to Cockerell's building,
L. J. Maxse, H. W. Wilberforce, W. the largest and brightest room in the
N. Cobbold, and H. W. Fox. Library, where reference books of all
LIB-LOC 64
kinds, and periodical literature, both Lightfoot Scholarship {£60
current and past, are kept, and illumi- for three years) in Ecclesiastical History,
nated MSS. and the afore-mentioned is annually offered to members of the
Beza MS. are shown in glass cases. University of at least one year's standing
From the Catalogue Room there is and under twenty-five years of age, by
also a spiral staircase descending to a Examination held in the Easter Term.
room on the ground floor, formerly one —
Iiittle-gO. The first University
of the Schools appropriated to the Examination, which every student is
Library in 1856, opening from which required to pass, is commonly called the
are small rooms devoted to newspapers, *'Little-go," but is officially styled the
music, and novels. At the junction of "Previous Examination." {See Pre-
the south and west rooms on the first vious Examination.)
floor, is a table on which the new books Local Examinations. —These
are placed, to be removed to the shelves Examinations are held at various places
every Friday. New rooms were built throughout the country, by means of
by the architect, Mr. Scott, in 1870, printed papers set by a central body of
(l) in a line with the south room, west- Examiners, and worked by the candi-
wards, and (2) the whole length of an dates in the presence of Graduates of
upper floor over these south rooms. A the University appointed to preside
further portion of the ground floor of the at each centre. The Examinations
Schools quadrangle has also lately been are open to girls and boys alike, but
thrown into the Library, and when the the former are indicated in the class
new Geological Museum is built, the lists by index numbers instead of by
present Museum, beneath Cockerell's their names, if they prefer it. There
Room, will probably be added. Every are two Examinations, held in the
member of the Senate has free access to second or third week in December,
nearly all parts of the Library, except the (i), for Juniors, under 16 ; (2), for
MSS., whenever it is open, viz., 9 to I Seniors, under 18 years of age. Candi-
on Saturday, and 10 to 4 on other dates who are over 16 and under 17
week-days (except certain holidays), and years of age are also admitted to the
can borrow ten books, to be returned Junior Examination, but the names of
quarterly. Every resident Bachelor of such of these as satisfy the Examiners
Arts, Law, or Divinity, can borrow, on are placed in one class by themselves.
the order of his College Tutor, five Medical students also and candidates
books. Bachelors and IJndergraduates for the Mus. Bac. degree are admitted
can consult books if they appear in cap to the Senior Examination, although
and gown ; but the latter are only over 18 years of age, but their names
admitted to the Library for the last are not published in the regular class
three hours in which it is open, unless lists. Every candidate pays to the
on the recommendation of his Tutor, Syndicate a fee of ;£"i, and further a
who is supposed to know in any case fee, usually from five to ten shillings,
whether the Undergraduate is likely to charged by the Local Committee of
spend the morning hours in the Novel Management to defray expenses of pro-
Room or not. Strangers can only be viding Examination room, stationery,
admitted when accompanied by a etc. A class list is pulDlished after
Graduate of the University; but students each Examination, dividing the candi-
who are not members of the University dates into three classes of Honours and
may, on the recommendation of two one class of those who have merely
members of the Senate, be permitted satisfied the Examiners, and in case of
to use the Library. {See also His- Juniors a class of those who have
torical Library and Philosophi- satisfied the Examiners in Religious
cal Library.) Knowledge and English only, besides
65 LOC-LON
their preliminary subjects. Certificates student without written permission
signed by the Vice-Chancellor are given from his College Tutor, and then only
to all who appear in the class list, by the term ; that the house be kept
stating in detail the subjects in which locked between the hours of ten p.m.
the candidate passed or passed with and six a.m., and no one be admitted to
distinction. The class lists usually visit the lodger between these hours
appear about the end of February, and without the written permission of his
the Certificates are issued in April. Tutor, except in case of sickness or
There is also a third Examination other urgent necessity ; that a report
called the Higher Local Examination, be periodically made of the occasions,
held in June or July, for men and if any, when the lodger has entered or
women who are over i8 years of age, left the house between those hours, and
or have obtained a First Class in the of the exact time after ten' (or such
Senior Local Examination. Each can- earlier hour as the University or Col-
didate pays to the Syndicate a fee of lege authorities may direct in a par-
jf 2, and, after obtaining a Certificate, ticular case) when he has so left or
£i for each subsequent Examination. entered ; that no dinner or supper for
For an Honour Certificate, a candidate more than three persons on any day,
must obtain a First or Second Class in nor provision for any entertainment
at least two of the six groups. The whatever on Sunday, be supplied or
regulations respecting class lists and received in the house without written
Certificates are similar to those for boys permission from the Tutor. The rent
and girls in the Local Examinations, varies from £6 a term to ;^i5, or even
but there are only two classes of more, according to size, situation, and
Honours. nearness to some College. The rooms
must be properly furnished, and
Local Lectures.—The Local Ex- students are not required to provide,
amination Syndicate sends *
University
' coal-scuttles, house-brushes, or any
Extension Lecturers " to deliver courses other articles of furniture, except plate,
of lectures in populous places, each glass and crockery for the table, and
lecture being preceded or followed by linen. No additional charge is made
a ** class " for more detailed instruction. for ordinary attendance or for lighting
the staircases by which the rooms are
—
Lodgings. About half the approached ; but the landlord does not
members of most Colleges reside out- engage to cook.
side the walls, and any student
so residing, unless he receives special
Long Prize (about £i^) is
MAGDALENE COLLEGE.
In early times the Benedictine monasteries of England sent one out of
every twenty monks to Oxford or Cambridge. Here they were under the
supervision of a Prior, but lived in hired lodgings about the town. In
1428, the Abbot of Croyland obtained for those studying at Cambridge
part of the site where Magdalene College now stands, and built there
Monks' Hostel. About 1483 the name was changed to Buckingham
College, after Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham. On the
suppression of the monasteries, the College, as belonging to Croyland
Abbey, passed to the Crown, but was granted to Thomas Lord Audley,
Chancellor of England, who refounded it in 1542 under the name of the
College of St. Mary Magdalene. The appointment of Master still rests
with the possessor of Audley End, which was built by the founder's
grandson on the site of the Abbey of Walden, another of the monasterjj,
properties which fell to the share of Lord Audley. The regular pro^'
nunciation of Magdalene College is Maudlen, said by some to come
—
from the founder's name (thus M-audley-n), but it seems much more
likely, as the pronunciation is the same at Oxford, that the resemblance
in sound is quite accidental. The exterior of the College has been recently
restored and exposed to view on the river side by the pulling down of
some old houses.
There are two courts having no particular architectural merit.
Opposite the gateway, as usual, is the Hall, built in 1521 by the
third Duke of Buckingham. It was much altered in 17 14, to
which date belong the wainscoting and ceiling, and elegant double
staircase at the south end leading to the Combination Room. The Hall
contains a copy by Freeman of Holbein's picture of the founder
which is at Audley End, and a portrait of Samuel Pepys by Lely. On
the north side of the first court are the Chapel and the College Library.
The Chapel, much spoiled during the last century by a general plaster-
ing, has now had its fifteenth century timber roof, its east window, and
canopied niches in the eastern wall restored to view, and has received in
addition some good carved woodwork and stained glass by Hardman and
others. The Library is in two rooms west of the Chapel ; but the
College has also a second Library left by the famous Pepys the " Biblio- ;
theca Pepysiana" occupies part of the building (date 1688) on the east
67 MAG-MAG
side of the second court. On the outside wall is inscribed Pepys's motto,
written on a scroll, which at the first glance reads rather strangely,
"Mens is est cujusque quisque," but on closer inspection is seen to be
"Mens cujusque is est quisque" {anglice, "The mind's the man").
Pepys left his library first to his nephew and after his death to his old
College (Magdalene) on stringent conditions among others, that it should
:
be kept intact and by itself, and that it should pass to Trinity College
in the event of any of the conditions being broken. Here is the famous
"Pepys's Diary," written in cypher, which was long a "closed book" till
Lord Grenville discovered the key. There are many other curious manu-
scripts e.g.^
: letters between Robert Dudley, afterwards Earl of
Leicester, and Thomas Blount, relative to the death of Robsart, and Amy
love-letters from Henry VI H. to Anne Boleyn ; and some very rare early
printed books by Caxton, De Worde, Pynsen, and others. The Master's
Lodge is a separate building north of the College ; it contains a fine
painting of Mary Magdalene by Sir M. A. Shee, P.R.A., and historical
portraits. The College gardens are very pretty, and on the north are
bounded by a terrace, said to be formed from part of the earthworks
surrounding the old Roman station which was at this end of the town.
Among eminent members of this College were Archbishops Grindal
arnd Usher, Samuel Pepys, Richard Grenville N.T.B.C. Duke of
Buckingham, K.G.j and the late Lord Braybrooke, editor of "Pepys's
Diary.''
Visitor.
ADMISSION.
The Possessor of Audley End, in whose
gift is the appointment of the Master. Every candidate for admission must
Master. furnish the Tutor with (a) a testimonial
Hon. and Rev. Latimer Neville, of character, and {b) a statement re-
M.A., appointed 1853. garding previous education. There is
President and Tutor, no Entrance Examination except when
Francis Pattrick, M.A {b) is unsatisfactory. The admission fee
Lecturers. is £2 2s., with a further fee of £2 2s.
William Walton, M.A. for library and plate.
Francis Pattrick, M.A.
Arthur George Peskett, M.A. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
Wilfred Austin Gill, M.A.
Bursar and Dea?i. The Open Scholarships paid from the
The Master. General Scholarship Fund are as
Steward. follows : three of at least ^60 per
Francis Pattrick, M.A. annum, three of at least £^\o, and six of
Prcelector. at least ;f 20. There are four Milner
Arthur George Peskett, M.A. Scholarships of £80 a year each, with
a preference to scholars from Leeds,
and Pepysian Librarian.
College
Arthur George Peskett, M.A. Halifax, and Heversham Schools ; and
four Holmes Exhibitions of £'jo a. year
Fellows.
Francis Pattrick, M.A. each, for scholars from Wisbech School.
Rev. Frederick Gunton, M.A. The next Scholarship Examination will
Arthur George Peskett, M.A. be held in the Lent Term, 1886, the
Alfred Newton, M.A. exact date to be fixed in November, 1885.
Wilfred Austin Gill, M.A. The annual Pepysian Benefaction, value
D 2
MAG— MAT 68
£So, is in and is
the Master's gift, tion, considered as a means of propa-
usually bestowed by him upon poor gation of the Gospel."
and deserving students. The Mynors Market Hill .—The Market-place
Bright Benefaction, value ;^IS, is given is a wide, open space in the centre of
annually by the Governing Body to the town, called for some mysterious
some deserving student or students. reason, unconnected with its elevation,
There is one Sizarship a year, vi^hich is Market Hill. An adjoining space,
in the gift of the Master, and of the used on Saturday, which is market-day,
value of about ^34 per annum. as a fish-market, is similarly called Peas
FELLOWSHIPS. Hill.
There are seven Fellowships, one of Marshal. — The Marshal is ap-
which is a Professorial Fellowship. pointed by the Vice- Chancellor, to
All Fellows must be Graduates of Cam- attend him and generally do what he
bridge or Oxford, and with the excep- may order, to look after the Senate
tion of the Professorial, vacate their
House and the Schools, and to attend
Fellowships after six years ; but if a at Examinations. His salary is ^150.
Fellow holds at the end of that time the In place of the second Marshal, lately
office of Tutor, Lecturer or Dean in the
abolished, there is a Clerk to the Vice-
College, he retains his Fellowship during
Chancellor and Financial Board, on a
tenure of such office, and after holding salary of ;!floo (rising to ;^i5o).
such an office for twenty years, he may
keep his Fellowship for life. A
Fellow- Mason Prize (about £2^,) for
ship is vacated after appointment to a
Biblical Hebrew, is awarded to the
College living of the clear value of not candidate for the Tyrwhitt Hebrew
Scholarships who shows the best know-
less than ;!£"400. Each Fellow receives
ledge of Biblical Hebrew and Hebrew
a dividend, not exceeding ;^250, besides
rooms and allowance for commons Composition.
during residence ; and after completing Mathematical Tripos.—The
a twelve years' tenure of office as Mathematical Tripos consists of three
Tutor, Lecturer or Dean, a Fellow Parts of three days each. The First
receives an additional sum as pension and Second Parts can only be taken in
from the Peckard Fund. the third Easter Term after the first
EXPENSES. term of residence, and then only if the
Tuition fee, £6 and £y a term ; estab- candidate has entered on his eighth term
lishment charges, about ;^io a year ; at least, having previously kept seven
dinner in Hall, 2s. ^d. a day; nearly terms ; and any student examined in
half the rooms have a rental of jf 3 3^. his eighth term must keep that term to
a term, and the remainder are higher qualify for the Bachelor of Arts degree.
according to accommodation. The Part I. consists of the following
College fee for B.A. degree is £4. subjects, treated without the use of the
[See gefzeral article 07i Expenses.) Differential Calculus and the methods
CLUBS. of Analytical Geometry: Euclid ; Arith-
The College colours are indigo and metic; Algebra; Trigonometry, Plane;
grey. Conic Sections, Geometrical ; Statics ;
Dynamics Newton's Principia, Sect.
;
69 MAT-MAT
Examination, and only those who de- account the Examination in Part III.
serve Honours may enter for only, publish a list of those examined
Part II., which commences the day and approved, in ihree divisions, each
after the publication of such lists, and arranged alphabetically ; and a candi-
comprises the following subjects : date may be placed in the First Divi-
Algebra ; Trigonometry, Plane and sion who has shown eminent proficiency
Spherical ; Theory of Equations ; in any one of the four Groups, A, B,
Easier parts of Analytical Geometry, C, D. In Parts I. and II. no paper,
Plane and Solid, including Curvature except one in each Part exclusively
of Curves and Surfaces; Differential devoted to Problems, is to contain more
Calculus ; Integral Calculus ; Easier questions than well-prepared students
parts of Differential Equations ; Statics, may be expected to answer in the time
including Elementary Propositions on allotted to that paper ; but in Part III.
Attractions and Potentials; Hydro- a limit to the number of questions to
statics ; Dynamics of a Particle ; Easier which any candidate is permitted to
parts of Rigid Dynamics; Easier parts send in answers is fixed and printed at
of Optics ; Spherical Astronomy. A the head of each paper (except the
week after the end of Part II. the Problem paper).
Moderators and Examiners, taking into
Mathematics, Professors of.
account the Examinations in both Parts,
publish a list of the candidates arranged
— (i.) The LucAsiAN Professorship,
founded 1663, by Henry Lucas, M.P.
in order of merit in three classes, called
for the University, to which the electors
respectively Wranglers, Senior Optimes,
are the Vice-Chancellor and the Heads
and Junior Optimes. The Wranglers of Colleges. The stipend is about
only may enter in the following year
jf 500, but under the new Statutes it
for
will be £850. The present Professor is
Part III., which (after 1886) takes
G. G. Stokes, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow
place on the same days as Part II. of
of Pembroke. (2.) The Sadlerian
the succeeding Tripos, and comprises Mathe-
Professorship of Pure
the following subjects : Group A. Dif-
matics was established in i860, in
ferential Equations ; Calculus of Varia-
place of the Algebra Lecturers on Lady
tions; Higher Algebra; Higher parts of
Sadler's Foundation (founded 17 10).
Theory of Equations ; Higher Analyti- The electors are the Vice- Chancellor,
cal Geometry, Plane and Solid; Finite
three Heads of Colleges chosen by the
Differences ; Higher Definite Integrals
Electoral Roll (to hold office during
Elliptic Functions; Theory of Chances,
tenure of their Headship), and the
including Combination of Observations.
Lucasian, Plumian, and Lowndean
Group B. Laplace's and allied Func- Professors. The stipend is now about
tions; Attractions; Higher Dynamics ;
£^^0, but under the new Statutes will
Newton's Principia, Book I., Sect. IX., The present Professor is
he ;^850.
XL ; Lunar and Planetary Theories ;
A. Cayley, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of
Figure of the Earth ; Precession and
Trinity.{See also Astronomy, and
Nutation. Group C. Hydrodynamics,
Experimental Physics.)
including Waves and Tides ; Sound ;
Physical Optics ; Vibrations of Strings Matriculation.— No Examina-
and Bars ; Elastic Solids. G^-oup D, tion is required before admission to
71 MED— MUS
1 886. It must be taken in the third Moral Sciences Club.~The
Easter Term after the first term of Cambridge University Moral Sciences
residence, unless another Honours Ex- Club, founded 1878 (President, Pro-
amination has been previously passed, fessor Sidgwick), open to all members
is
when it may be taken in the fourth of the University below the standing of
Easter Term. The Examination will be M.A. who have taken a degree in the
divided into four groups, A, B, C, D, Moral Sciences Tripos, or are preparing
of which A must be taken by all can- for that Tripos ; and others who are
didates, together with one only of the interested in philosophical studies may
other three groups. A
includes French become members by election. The
translation (not earlier than 17th Club meets every Saturday evening
century) and composition, and German during term time, in the rooms of one
translation (not earlier than i8th or other of its members, for the discussion
century) and composition. B includes of philosophical subjects, usually intro-
selected French, Old French and Pro- duced by the reading of a paper.
ven9al writings, the works of Dante,
unseen French and Italian translation, Moral Sciences Tripos.— The
and grammar and philology of the Moral Sciences Tripos must be taken in
Romance languages. C includes se- the third Easter Term after the first term
lected German, Middle and Old High of residence, unless another Honours
German, or Middle Low German, Old Examination has been previously passed,
Saxon and Moeso- Gothic writings, un- when it may be taken in the fourth
seen German translation, and grammar Easter Term. The subjects are Psy-
and philology of the Teutonic lan- chology, Logic and Methodology,
guages. D comprises Shakespeare and Metaphysics, Moral and Political Philo-
other writers of i6th and 17th centuries, sophy, Political Economy ; and the
Chaucer and other writers of 13th and Examination consists of two parts (taken
14th centuries, and selected Anglo- in the same year), the first being more
Saxon and Icelandic writings. elementary or more general, and the
second requiring a more advanced or
Members' Frizes {£31 los. detailed knowledge of the subjects or
each) are open to Undergraduates and of the history of opinion relating to
Bachelors, for (i), English Essay on them. Special lines of study and lists
subject connected with British History of books in the several subjects are
or Literature ; (2), Latin Essay. published from time to time by the
Board of Moral Science Studies.
Mineralogy, Professor of.—
Founded by the University in 1808. Museums {see also Arch^ologi-
The stipend £300, to be raised on the
is CAL Museum, Fitzwilliam Museum,
next vacancy to ;!j6oo ; and the election and Geological Museum). The new —
is governed by the new Statutes {see Museums and Lecture Rooms, some-
Professors). The present Professor is times called the Science Schools, occupy
W.J. Lewis, M.A. the site of the old Botanical Gardens
in Pembroke Street, and extend to Free
Moral Philosophy, Knight- School Lane and Corn Exchange Street.
"bridge Professor of. On the — Starting from the old Anatomical Mu-
foundation of John Knightbridge, D. D. seum, the buildings at present occupy
1683. Mode of election governed by the east and north side of one court, and
the 1882 Statutes [see Professors). three sides of another, with another
The stipend is ;!{;700 (^^500 if the Pro- block at the Free School Lane end.
fessor holds a Headship or Fellowship). The less said about the external beauty
The present Professor is PL Sidgwick, of these Museums, the better. They
LittD., Honorary Fellow of Trinity. comprise Lecture Rooms for all the
)
MUS— MUS 72
Natural Science and Mathematical Pro- Examination, the same as the Special
fessors, and the Philosophical Library Examination in Music [see Special.
{which see), with the following Museums Examinations) ; (2), the Exer-
and Laboratories : cise, which must be an original com-
(3) Museum of Zoology and Compa- specimens of canon and of fugue ; {c) the
rative Anatomy, with Physiological whole having an accompaniment for a
Laboratories. The collection of fish, band of bowed instruments (only) with
reptiles, and mammals on the ground or without organ. The exercise is not
and promises
floor gradually increases, performed publicly, but is sent to the
to become one of the .most complete in Professor of Music on or before the first
England ; invertebrates and physiologi- day of Michaelmas Term ; (3), A more
cal preparations are deposited in the advanced Examination, partly in writing
galleries ; while the Bird Room contains and partly viva voce, is held in Decem-
a fine ornithological collection. The Harmony, Canon,
ber, in Counterpoint,
Anatomical Museum is open daily from Fugue, Sonata Composition, the Stops
9 to I and 2 to 6. of the Organ, knowledge of Orchestral
(4) Botanical Museum and Herb-
Instruments, Analysis of some specified
arium, a very valuable and extensive Classical Composition, and playing at
collection. sight from figured bass and from score.
(5) Museum of Mechanism and Me-
The names of successful candidates
chanical Workshops. These include are published in alphabetical order.
fitting and turning, instrument making, A Bachelor of Music may proceed to
pattern making, and carpenter's shops, the degree of Doctor of Music (Mus.
with a smithy and foundry ; and the Doc), if he (i) write an Exercise, to
practical training here given in engineer- be performed publicly or not at his
ing is very complete and compre- option, (2) pass an Examination in
hensive. the higher branches of musical science.
(6) Mineralogical Museum, open The exercise must occupy about forty-
daily from 10 to 4, contains a con- minutes in performance, and comprise :
siderable collection, which is conve- {a) some portion for one or more voices,
niently arranged. and some for a chorus of eight real
(7) Cavendish Laboratory of Experi-
.
vocal parts ; [b) some specimens of
mental Physics, built and furnished canon and of fugue ; [c) an instrumental
with complete apparatus by the Duke overture or interlude, in the form of
of Devonshire. the first movement of a symphony or a
sonata ; the whole (except some
[d)
Music, Proceedings in.— Candi- single piece be for voices alone) having
dates for musical degrees are obliged to an accompaniment for a full band. The
matriculate as Members of the Uni- exercises must be sent in on or before
versity, but are not compelled to reside the first day of the Lent Term. The
for any number of terms. Before entering Examination is held in March in Coun-
for any Musical Examination every can- terpoint, Harmony, Cano^^, Fugue and
didate must pass the Previous or some Double Fugue, Form in Composition,
equivalent Examination. The Examina- Instrumentation, Analysis of some spe-
tion for the Bachelor of Music (Mus. cified Classical Composition, and the Art
Bac.) degree consists of three parts, to of Music historically considered. The
be taken in order: (i), a Preliminary names of successful candidates are pub-
73 M US— NAT
lished in alphabetical order. Before ad- made in the way
of chemical analysis.
mission to either degree, every candidate There is an Assistant, appointed by the
must deposit in the University Library a Professor, with a salary of £100. The
complete fair copy of his Exercise. present Professor is J. Dewar, M.A.,
F.R.SS.L. & E., Fellow of St. Peter's.
Music, Professor of.— Founded
1684. Election regulated by the 1882 Watural Sciences Club (Uni-
Statutes [see Professors). The sti- versity). —
This Society, founded in
pend is ;i{^200, and the present Professor 1872, consists of twelve Undergraduate
is Sir G. A. Macfarren, Mus.D. members and any number of Graduates.
Meetings are held on Saturday evenings,
Musical Society (Cambridge when papers are contributed by the
TJniversity).— The C.U.M.S. con- members in turn. The entrance fee is
sists of Members and Associates, the 5^-.and the terminal subscription 2s. 6d.
,
former being members of the University. There is also a Junior Science Club,
The entrance fee is 5^". The subscrip- composed of Undergraduates.
tion (i) for Graduate Members is one
guinea per annum (2) for Under-
;
X^atural Sciences Tripos.—
graduate Members, lOi-. a term ; (3) for The Natural Sciences Tripos consists of
two parts, of which Part I. can be taken
Associates, one guinea per annum.
in the second or third Easter Term after
This subscription entitles to free admis-
sion and two tickets at half-price at the the first term of residence, or, if previous
Easter Term Concerts, and prior choice Honours have been taken, in the fourth
of seats at other concerts. Lady Asso- Easter Term ; and provided either Part
<:iates who belong to the chorus have
I. or the Mathematical Tripos has been
the option of paying half a guinea, previously passed, Part II. can be taken
in the third or fourth Easter Term.
which entitles them only to one ticket
at half-price for each of the Easter
Both parts of this Tripos may also be
Term Concerts. Weekly choral prac- taken in the same year. If Part I. is
NAT—NEW 74
Science. Candidates who pass either ralogy; (4), Geology;
(5), Botany; {6%
part with credit are placed in three Zoology and Comparative Anatomy
classes, arranged alphabetically; the (7), Physiology; (8), Human Anatomy
class list in Part I. depends on the and Comparative Anatomy; (9), Human
aggregate knowledge shown by the Anatomy and Physiology. No can-
candidates, but no credit is assigned for didate is placed in the first class
any branch in which competent know- one subject, unless he show a
for
ledge is not shown ; but the list in competent knowledge of some other
Part II. is decided principally by profi- subject ; and in the case of every one in
ciency in one or more of the following the first class, the list shows (i) the
subjects, taking into account so much subject or subjects for which he is
of the other subjects as are cognate placed in that class, and (2) in which of
with the particular one, viz. (i),
: :those subjects, if any, he passes with
Chemistry; (2), Physics; (3), Mine- special distinction.
NEWNHAM COLLEGE.
Lectures women, given mainly by Graduates of the University, were
for
started in Cambridge at the beginning of 1870; and in October, 1873,
the scheme was taken in hand and further developed by an "Association
for promoting the Higher Education of Women in Cambridge.'^ In
1 87 1, Miss A. J. Clough took charge of a house for students coming from
a distance to attend the lectures ; and, as the nurriber of such students
grew, a Company was started for the purpose of building a permanent
Hall. Newnham Hall, now the South Hall of Newnham College, was
opened in 1875, but was soon found to be too small. The North Hall
was consequently built on an adjacent site, separated only by a road, and
opened in 1880; and Newnham College, including the two Halls, "was
formed by the amalgamation of the Newnham Hall Company with the
Association for promoting the Higher Education of Women in Cambridge^
and unites in itself the work of the two bodies," i.e., to provide resi-
dence and instruction for women students. There is at present accom-
modation for about one hundred, including the Principal, who has charge
of the South Hall; the Vice-Principal, who presides over the North Hall;
and four resident Lecturers. The buildings are of red brick, by the
architect Champneys ; they are in Queen Anne style, but the two
Halls show two distinct varieties of that style. The North Hall includes
lecture-rooms, and a small hospital that can be isolated in case of infectious
illness. The South contains the Library, and in its grounds a Gymnasium
and Chemical Laboratory. A
Biological and Physical Laboratory has
been opened in Downing Place, an old chapel having been purchased,
and made fit for the purpose by the necessary alterations. Students of
Newnham College are admitted to the Previous and Honour Examina-
tions of the University, under the same conditions of residence and
standing as men. {See Women
at the University.) Students may,
however, reside at Newnham without entering for any of these Examina-
tions ; but "no student who is not reading for a Tripos Examination, with
a reasonable prospect of obtaining Honours, will be allowed to reside for
more than two years without special permission." Most of the University
Professors' Lectures, some of the Inter-collegiate Lectures, and the
"
75 NEW— NEW
University Lectures on Education, are open to women ; and Newnham
College has a long list of Lecturers, mostly either Graduates of the
University or past students of the College.
The Council consists of a President, tion respecting which can be obtained
Professor Cayley Vice-President,
; from the Hon. Sec, Mrs. Peile, Trum-
Rev. Coutts Trotter and twenty ;
pington, Cambridge.
members.
Principal. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
Miss A. J. Clough. About four Scholarships of ^50 a
Vice-Principal. year for two years are annually offered
Miss Helen Gladstone. by the Council of Newnham College,
Hon. Treasurer. for success in certain groups of the
Mrs. H. Sidgwick. Higher Local Examination. They are
Hon. Secretaries. open to students of the College (with
Miss M. G. Kennedy, The Elms, certain restrictions), and to those in-
Cambridge. About
tending to become students.
Mrs. H. Sidgwick, Hillside, Chester-
ton Road, Cambridge. four other Scholarships of ;^35, for one
Resident Lecturers.
year, are offered to candidates' who
Miss Gardner [History). have commenced residence, for
not
Miss Sharpley [Classics). success in the same Examination, or the
Miss Lee [Modern Languages). Cambridge Senior Local. The tenure
Miss Collier [Mathematics). of Scholarships may be extended in the
Demonstrators. case of students making satisfactory
Miss Eves (m Chemistry). progress. Candidates for any of these
Miss Johnson [in Biology). Scholarships should give their names
Miss Greenwood [in Physiology and and addresses to the Local Secretary of
Botany). their Centre during the Examination.
ADMISSION, Exhibitions of £5 5i-. a term (tenable
(i) Candidates for admission, who
with Scholarships) are awarded to a
must generally not be under the age of certain number of resident students in
eighteen, should apply to the Principal, These Exhibi-
need of assistance.
•offering satisfactory evidence, either by tioners may have their Tripos fees
certificates or otherwise, "that they
paid for them by the College, on the
are qualified to profit by the course of
recommendation of the Principal or
study at Cambridge. Vice- Principal. The fees of out-
(2) Women living with their parents
students, who are in need of assistance,
or guardians in Cambridge, and others
may be reduced by two guineas a term.
who for special reasons wish to live in There is a Loan Fund for the assistance
lodgings, may be admitted by permis-
of students whose means are limited.
sion of the Council as out-students
The Bathurst Studentships are awarded
(such permission to be renewed yearly).
to ** women who have passed the
(3) Further, certain of the lectures
Natural Sciences Tripos with credit, and
are open to women over seventeen
who wish to carry their studies further,
years of age, who are not members
independently, but under the advice of
of the College, on payment of one or
the Cambridge teachers."
two guineas for each course. Applica-
tions for permission under (2) and (3) EXPENSES.
should be made to the Secretary, Miss The charge for board, lodging, and
M. G. Kennedy. tuition, is twenty-five guineas a term,
(4) There is also a system of instruc- payable in advance ; for board and
tion by correspondence carried on in lodging to students permitted to reside
connection with the College, informa- in the Long Vacation, one guinea a
;
NEW— N ON 76
week, tuition in the Long Vacation being Newspapers.—The University-
paid for according to what is required. official publication
is the University
The tuition fee of out-students is seven Reporter (3^.), published every Tuesday
guineas a term, payable in advance in term time, and oftener when neces-
this fee covering also the use of the sary. The Ca77ibridge Review {6d.,
Library, and dinner in College once a every Wednesday in term time) contains
week during term-time. There are, every kind of University news, and
besides, the following fees to the Uni- also articles on Cambridge and general
versity for those reading for a Tripos : subjects. There are three weekly
Previous Examination, each of papers for the town and neighbour-
the three parts ;^i o o hood the Independe7it Press ^ Chro7iicle,
600
:
77 NON-NON
Non-Collegiate Students are under the supervision of the Censor,
who combines the functions of a College Tutor and Prselector, to
whom they may apply for advice and direction whenever they are in
difficulty of any kind. They are to report their arrival to him at the
beginning of term, and obtain leave from him to go down at the end of
term, and during residence to call at his office and write their names in a
book kept for the purpose between certain hours on at least five days of
the week.
ADMISSION. £. ' d.
EXPENSES.
£2 a week ...
6s. 6d. 76 174 7 6
Tuition, either (i)Fees
The necessary fixed expenses of a for College and Pro-
Non- Collegiate Student, if he takes the fessors' Lectures {say
B.A. degree at the end of three years. £2 2s. a term, on
average) 18 18 o
Caution Money
£ d.
or (2) Private Tuition
(ultimately re-
turned)
Entrance Fee (including for
300 (at_^9aterm)
104 17
5^. Total 258 o o
Library) Add 37 18 o 39
fixed Charges ... 3 o
Terminal Fee of 30J. to the
Board... 13 10 o 142 15 o 297 3 o
University Capitation Tax Thus the cost may be
roughly said to
(17J. a year) ...
range from £50 (or even less) to £100
Matriculation Fee 5 o
Previous Examination Fees ... a year, exclusive of books, stationery,
Tripos Fee (for Honour Men) 220 travelling, clothes, and other personal
B.A. Degree Fee 700 expenses ; and exclusive, of course, of
all cost of living in the vacations. It
Total '•'£37 18 o will be readily understood that the
NON— OXF 78
lowest figure will be possible only with and in a separate building, erected for
men who are able to exercise watch- the purpose with a revolving dome, is
fulness and economy in their domestic the magnificent Northumberland Tele-
arrangements ; on the other hand the scope, presented by the Duke of Nor-
expensive item of private tuition may thumberland in 1835. The observations
be generally dispensed with, save per- which are regularly made are published,
haps for a term or two, except in two and distributed to the principal observa-
cases, (i) the very backward, who find tories, etc. The Observatory is open
difficulty in passing any Examination, to members of the University with their
(2) the very forward, who aim at high friends every week-day betvv^ecn 12.30
Mathematical Honours {see Coaches). and 1.30.
As a matter of actual experience, the Omnibuses.—The Lion Hotel
average expenditure of a number of Omnibus starts from the Hotel, Petty
students who furnished the Censor with Cury, for the Railway Station, at 9.0,
voluntary returns in 1877-8 was found
9.25, 10.25, 10.55, 12.55, 1.30, 3.45,
to be "under £7S} exclusive of private Fare, 3^. each
4.15, 5.20, 6.20, 6.30.
tuition ; inclusive of this it was under person from or to Market Hill, Hotel,
;;f 80. It will not be far from the truth and Station, without luggage ; 6d. with
to infer that the average expenditure in luggage, between the Station and any
Cambridge of Non-Collegiate Students part of the town.
of all classes living in lodgings is be- The Great Northern Omnibus
tween ;^7o and ;^8o a year, including starts from Messrs. Newman & Sar-
in the reckoning books, stationery, post- geant's Yard, Trinity Street, and the
age, and amusements, but not clothes Market Hill, for the Railway Station
nor travelling expenses." eight times daily. Fare, 3^. each per-
CLUBS. son, without luggage.
Cricket, Football, Lawn
The Boating, The Bull Hotel Omnibus runs to
Tennis, and Newspaper Clubs, and the and from the Station to suit the con-
Debating Society are united in one venience of the Hotel.
called the Amalgamation Club. The
subscription is £1 is. a term. Colours,
—
Optime. All in the second class
of the Mathematical Tripos are called
blue and salmon for Boat Club. For Senior Optimes, and those in the third
Cricket, etc.. Clubs, blue and old gold.
class Junior Optimes. The word is
Students unable to join the Amalgama- derived from the complimentary ex-
tion may be members of the Newspaper
pressions used by Examiners in the
Club only on payment of 2s. entrance oral Examinations of former times,
fee and subscription of 2s. a term. quidem
e.^., **
Optime disputasti."
^
Norrisian Prize (about £60) is (See Mr. C. Wordsworth's *'Scholse
given quinquennially for Essay on some Academicse.")
sacred subject, open to Graduates of Ordinary. — [See Arts, Proceed-
not more than thirteen years' standing. ings in.)
Observatory. —The Observatory Oxford and Cambridge
is on the Madingley Road, about a mile Schools Examination Board.
from Cambridge, upon a slight eminence. —This joint Board of the two Uni-
It was erected in 1822-4, ^.nd contains versities examines such schools as
residences for the Superintendent, Pro- have a regularly constituted governing
fessor Adams, and two Assistant body or prepare a fair proportion of
Observers. In the main building are their boys for the Universities, and also
a fine transit circle, mural circle, and grants certificates to boys or girls at
other instruments necessary for the full such schools or at other schools in
equipment of a first-class observatory ; certain convenient centres, which cer-
79 OXF— PEM
tificatesconfer exemption under certain Parker's Piece. — This,the
conditions from various Examinations public playground of Cambridge, is a
held by public bodies {e.^. " Respon- fine open space, given to the town in
sions " at Oxford, and " Previous" at 1 613 by Trinity College in exchange
Cambridge). The Examination of a for part of the "Backs." Its name
school may be {a) on the general work comes from one Parker, who had held
of the whole school, or [d) on the work it on lease from the College.
of the whole school in any main sub-
ject or subjects, or {c) on the work of —
Parliament. The University is
the highest division of the school, so represented by two Members of Parlia-
as, if required, to place the boys of ment, chosen by the members of the
that division in order of merit, and to Senate, who give their votes in writing,
award Exhibitions, Scholarships, and in person, or by voting papers tendered
prizes. Information, both about school for them. The present Members are
Examinations and Examinations for cer- A. J. B. Beresford-Hope, LL.D.
be found in the regulations
tificates, will (Trin.), and the Rt. Hon. H. C.
of the Board, which are published by Raikes, M.A. (Trin.).
the Oxford and Cambridge University
Presses, and may be procured from their Pathology, Professor of.—
agents. All communications relating to This Professorship was established in
the Examinations should be addressed to 1884, under the provisions of the new
one of the Secretaries, E. J. Gross, Statutes, with a stipend of ;^8oo (^600
Esq., M.A., Gonville and Caius Col- if held with a Fellowship or Headship).
lege, Cambridge, and J. S. Lockhart, The present Professor is C. S. Roy,
Esq., M.A., Hertford College, Oxford. M.D. Edinb.
PEMBROKE COLLEGE.
This College was founded by Mary de St. Paul, daughter of Guy, Count
of Chatillon and St. Paul, and wife of Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pem-
broke, in 1348, and by her named the Hall or House of Valence Mary.
It soon went by the name of Pembroke Hall, and later Pembroke
College. There has been a great deal of rebuilding and restoration in
this College since 1870. The new Hall, the Library, the Master's Lodge,
and the south part of the front in Trumpington Street, were built
between 1870 and 1875, of red brick and stone, in modern French Gothic
style, by Mr. Waterhouse, the architect. More recently Mr. G. Scott,
jun., has restored the old part of the first court, and designed a large
and handsome stone building containing several sets of rooms east of
the Master's Lodge in Pembroke Street. None of the courts are now
completely surrounded by buildings. The principal entrance is near
the corner of Pembroke and Trumpington Streets, and on the left of this
is seen what was the original chapel, and afterwards the library of the
College. The room is worth a visit for the sake of its decorated ceiling
and wood-carvings on the walls, removed from the ends of the old book-
cases. Along part of the west side of the court is a curious piece of
cloister, with rooms above, leading to the Chapel. Matthew Wren,
Bishop of Ely, in gratitude for his release from the Tower in 1658, after
sixteen years' imprisonment, built this Chapel for his College, and was
buried in it. The architect was his nephew, Sir Christopher Wren, and
PEM— PEM 80
it is Over the communion table is a painting of
in the Corinthian style.
the " Burial of Christ" by Barroccio, which once belonged to Sir Joshua
Reynolds. The new Hall stands on the east side of the court, and con-
tains portraits of Bishop Ridley, John Bradley, and others, and a
bust of William Pitt by Chantrey. The former Hall, on the same site,
was one of the oldest and most interesting buildings of the kind in
Cambridge, but its foundations were weak, so it had to come down.
The Combination Room at the end of the Hall has portraits of the poets
—
Edmund Spenser, Gray, and Mason the last by Reynolds and one of —
WilHam Pitt, taken after his death, by Harlowe. The second court,
entered through the Hall passage, is very picturesque, ivy-clad and
old. The Library forms the upper part of a handsome building
standing by itself, at the south-east corner of the College, and under it
are lecture-rooms and Undergraduates' reading-rooms. It contains about
20,000 well-classed and choice books, and a few manuscripts. Amongst
the relics at this College is the "Anathema Cup," so called from its
inscription, Qui alienaverit, anathema sit." It is of silver-gilt, of the
**
John Bradley and John Rogers were of this College and of poets, ;
81 PEM— PHI
Fellows. The College fee for B.A. degree is
\Charles Octavus Budd, M.A. £4. IS. {^See general article 071 Expenses.)
John Couch Adams, M.A., F.R.S., FELLOWSHIPS.
F.R.A.S.
There are thirteen Fellowships open
^EORGE Gabriel Stokes, M.A., F.R.S.
to Graduates of Cambridge or of Oxford
/"iLLTAM Michael Spence, M.A.
iv. Charles Herman Prior, M.A. one being a Professorial Fellowship
IN. Edward Bickersteth, M.A. {see Professors). A Fellow vacates
kv. Ernest John Heriz Smith, M.A. his Fellowship on presentation to a
^ILLIAM BURNSIDE, M.A. College benefice worth £400, or after
RbBERT Alexander Neil, M.A. six years from his election, unless he
Jchn Frederic Adair, M.A. holds (or has held) certain College or
Rp. James Holme Pilkington, M.A. University offices. The emoluments do
Gi Morgan Edwardes Jones, M.A.
not exceed £2^:1^ exclusive of rooms
"William Sheldon Hadley, M.A.
and commons.
ADMISSION. CLUBS.
Candidates for admission must apply Athletic Club. —
Entrance fee, 2s. 6d.;
to the Master, stating full particulars of subscription, lOi". a term ; honorary
age, parentage, etc. The Entrance members, 2s. 6d.
Examination will take place in March —
Boat Club. Entrance fee, £\ ioj". ;
or April, 1886, for admission in October, subscription,;^! per term.
in Elementary Mathematics and Classics. Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club, —
The admission fee is £(i 2s. 6d.^ in- Entrance fee, \os.', subscription, £\ ^s.
cluding the University matriculation fee a term ; Lawn Tennis only, \2s. 6d.
of £5 ; and the Caution money is ;^I5' Football {Associa.tion and Rugby).
Entrance fee, is. ; subscription, 2s. 6d.
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
There are at present twenty-nine a term.
open Foundation Scholarships three ;
The Colours of the above Clubs are
dark and light blue in various com-
of £^0a year, nine of ;^6o, eight of
binations.
£^0, and nine of ;^20 ; and a further
Scholarship of £60, with a preference
Musical Society. — Entrance fee, 2s. 6d. ;
a term.
bition of £'jo a year for a student
The There are also two limited Clubs,
educated at Blackrode School.
the Benedicks (ten members) for reading
next Entrance Scholarship Examination
Shakespeare, &c., and the Martlets
will begin on December 8, 1885, when
(twenty members) for discussion, &c.
about six Scholarships will be offered
for Mathematics (Euclid, Algebra, Tri- —
Pensioner. The ordinary Under-
gonometry, Elementary Mechanics, graduate, who pays his own way at
Geometrical and Analytical Conic Sec- College without the assistance of a
tions) or Classics (Translation and Scholarship, Exhibition, or Sizarship,
Prose and Verse Composition). Can- is called a Pensioner.
nised by the University, and by all Statutes it will be ^700. The present
students certified by any of these officers. Professor is G. E. Paget, M.D., .
83 PIT— POW
Pitt Press.— The Pitt Press has Polo Club, Cambridge Uni-
teen calledthe *' Freshmen's Church," versity. —The Polo Club has not
mm the appearance of its tower in been long in existence, and the expen-
Trampington Street as seen from a dis- sive nature of the game keeps its num-
taite ; but it is really the University bers small and select. The Club en-
Printing Press. The offices are chiefly gages in an annual contest with Oxford,
in aseparate building at the back ; and and on June 20, 1885, was beaten
the Ornamental block in front was built by seven goals to three, the winning
in 1^31-3, partly from the surplus of a players being R. Lawson, Viscount
:
sor of. —
Founded by the University as I could pick my lance."
in 1863. The stipend is £'joo^ and
the election is regulated by the 1882
Person Scholarship. {See —
Craven Scholarship.)
Statutes {see Professors). The present
Professor is Alfred Marshall, M. A. Powis Gold Medal, The, is
St. John's. offered by the High Steward of the
University for the best exercise in Latin
Poll.—The "Poll" degree is the hexameter verse, not to exceed 100
slang name (derived from ol 7roXkoL= lines in length, and open to all Under-
'the many") for the ordinary B.A. graduates who shall have resided not
degree, which, for the present at least, less than two terms, or be in the course
is taken by the majority of Undergra- of their second term. The subject for
duates. {See Arts, Proceedings in. ) 1886 is **Mosella Flumen." Exercises
;
POW— PRE 84
to be sent in to the Vice-Chancellor that part. The Gospel and
selected
privately on or before February i, 1886. Exami-
classical subjects for the three
nations of any academical year ar:r
Prselector. — The College Proe-
announced before the end of the Easttr
lector, or "Father," presents to the
Term of the preceding year. Tie
Registrary or Vice-Chancellor, as the
Examination is conducted entirely oy
authorities representing the University,
printed papers. The papers on .he
all candidates for matriculation or
classical subjects consist of passages
degrees {see Matriculation and for translation, with grammatical or
Degree Day). On such occasions the other questions immediately arising
candidates presented by him are called
thereupon, and questions on the sub-
his " sons."
ject - matter. The Grammar P&per
Previous Examination {see contains questions on Accidence and
Arts, Proceedings —
in). The Pre- Syntax, with reference principally to-
the set subjects. The names of suc-
vious Examination, commonly called the
Little-go, consists of two parts Part I.,
:
cessful candidates in either part are
embracing five papers, on (i), one of arranged alphabetically in four classes.
the Gospels in the original Greek ; (2), Those students who intend to be candi-
one of the Latin Classics ; (3), one of dates for Honours in any Tripos (unless
the Greek Classics ; (4), easy unseen they are selected candidates for the
Latin translation, the use of a diction- Civil Service of India) are obliged to
ary being allowed ; (5), Latin and pass, besides the two parts of the Pre-
Greek Grammar. For those who de- vious Examination, the Additional Exa-
sire it there is substituted for (i), an mination {which see).
Professor then receives ;^20O less from Norman manor-hous3, and afterwards
the University than he would get if he used as a place for University teaching,
were not a Fellow, and the College is was bequeathed by the founder to
allowed to make a corresponding deduc- Merton College, Oxford, to which the
tion from the amount contributed by it property still belongs. It has been
to the Common University Fund, much altered, but two good windows
in transition Norman of twelfth century
Public Orator. — The Public are left. The origin of the name Pytha-
Orator is elected by the Senate, for goras is unknown.
QUEENS' COLLEGE.
Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VL, humbly petitioned her lord
and master for leave to imitate his munificence, that, as he founded
King's College, she might found a Queen's College, in honour of St.
Margaret and St.' Bernard. Andrew^Doket, Principal of St. Bernard's
Hostel, had already, in 1446, obtained two charters from the King to turn
his hostel into a College, but the Queen obtained a third charter in 1448,
and endowed the College out of her own pin-money. Doket was appointed
by Margaret the first President, and, being a prudent man, managed to be
on equally good terms with Elizabeth Woodville, the Queen of Edward
IV. She added to the endowments and gave fresh statutes to the College,
and is always regarded as a co-foundress. The proper name is thus
Queens', and not Queen's College. The buildings, standing in a retired
street, and overhanging the river, are, as a whole, some of the niost
interesting in Cambridge. There are four courts, of which the principal
one is entered under a massive tower gateway of brickwork, having four
hexagonal turrets at the corners, of a kind frequently seen in Cambridge,
but unknown at the sister University. The outside of this court is also
finished with short square towers at the four corners. In the stone vault-
ing of the gateway may be seen the patron saints, Bernard and Margaret,
respectively kneeling and trampling on a grovelling dragon.
The Chapel, built in the reign of Henry VL, and disfigured by
improvements in 1773, was carefully restored and richly decorated
in 1861 by Mr. Bodley ; the stained glass is by Hardman. The
original coved blue and gilt wooden roof, which was hidden by a
plaster ceiling in the last century, and some brasses, may be noticed.
87 QUE—QUE
By the side of the Chapel is a wooden clock-tower, built in 1848 ;,
annual dividend, not exceeding ^^200, The colours of the above Clubs are
besides los. a week, and his commons green and black, except Cricket and
in Hall during residence. Lawn Tennis, which are distinguished
EXPENSES. by magenta and green with light blue
Students at this College have the stripe.
option of adopting the old system of The Musical (
'
St. Margaret") Society,
'
at the commencement of each term. John's College Cricket Ground, and the
This sum covers, besides fees, the cost other at Phillips's, East Road.
of dinners in Hall, commons (consisting The twenty-ninth Inter- University
of bread, butter, and milk), coals, matches took place at Prince's Club,
laundress, and shoeblack ; but not Hans Place, London, on March 31 and
groceries and lights, cap and gown, April I, 1885, when both the four-
surplice, books, stationery, and personal handed and single-handed games were
expenses. Licensed lodgings can be won by the Cambridge men very
obtained for £6 and upwards a term ; easily in each case. The Cambridge
and rooms in College cost from £6 to players were H. E. Crawley and L.
Sanderson, both of Trinity, Mr. Craw-
£g gs. a term, including all necessary ley playing for his University in the
furniture, bedding, linen, crockery,
etc. (provided by the College), and at-
single-handed match. Oxford was re-
tendance, repair?, and other expenses. presented by J. H. B. Noble (Balliol)
Additional furniture may be provided, and E. H. Buckland (New) in the four-
with the Tutor's approval, at the handed match, the latter gentleman
student's own cost. A similar prepay- opposing Mr. Crawley in the single-
ment of ^12 covers all necessary handed contest.
College charges, including rooms, for Headers. — Readers are a new class
those who are allowed to reside the of University instructors, with duties,
usual seven weeks of the Long Vacation. etc., similar to Professors,next under
Any gratuities to bedmakers, or other whom they rank. They are to be
College servants, are strictly forbidden. appointed by the General Board of
The College fee for B.A. degree is Studies, subject to the confirmation of
;
REA— RES 90
the Special Board with which
the and interruptions in this sort of reading
Readership is connected ; with salary life are worrying; but most will find
of about ;^400. As soon as the state the variety of work and intervals of air
of the Common University Fund per- distinctly helpful, and those who manage
mits, not fewer than twenty will be to keep up a steady average of six hours
appointed in different departments of a day (and no more) will sometimes be
study. At present there are six : in agreeably disappointed at the total
Indian Law, Sir R. K. Wilson (salary amount of reading accomplished and
;^3oo) ; in Classical Archaeology, remembered. Any who are in doubt as
Mr. Waldstein (salary ;^30o) ; in Com- to the proper course of reading to be
parative Philology, Dr. Peile followed in their line of study may get
(salary ;^30o) ; in Talmudic, Dr. general advice by the simple means
Schiller-Szinessy (salary ;^35o) ; in of calling on their College Tutor, or
Botany, Mr. Vines (salary ;^ioo) ; in making bold to consult a lecturer
English Law, Mr. Maitland (salary and much detailed information on this
;^300). Below the Readers ranks an- subject is given in separate articles
other new class, that of University on each Tripos, and also on the Ex-
Lecturers. These are College Lec- aminations for the ordinary degree in
turers or others, appointed (in the same the "Student's Guide to the University
way as Readers) to receive the above of Cambridge " (published by Deighton,
title with a stipend of not less than Bell, & Co., price 6s. dd.^ or in sepa-
£50, on condition that they regulate rate parts \s, each, except Part L,
their Lectures according to an ap- on General Information and Expenses,
proved scheme. Any appointment which is 2J". di.),
may cease as soon as the General and Sede laecture.—The Rede Lec-
Special Boards think fit. There are turer annually appointed by the Vice-
is
already nearly thirty University Lec- Chancellor to deliver one lecture in the
turers, with salaries of £50, £100, or Senate House, on any subject, usually
jf 150 each. in the May Term, for which he gets
Iteading. — Every Undergraduate nine guineas. The Lecturer in 1885,
reads more or less at some time or G. J. Romanes, LL.D., F.R.S, dis-
other, specially before Examinations, coursed on '*
Mind and Motion."
and the most athletic are not always
the least reading men ; these latter are
Registrary— H. R. Lu'ard, D.D.
rather found among the loungers.
(Trim). —The Registrary (elected in the
same way as the Public Orator) '* attends
There is almost a complete cessation of
all Congregations and all public pro-
reading between two o'clock and Hall-
ceedings of the Chancellor or of the
time ; the afternoon is devoted to exer-
University, records proceedings, and
cise by every one, except the science
has charge of all writings and docu-
{vulgo, *' stinks") man, who somehow
ments delivered to him by the Chan-
seems to get more air (say, compressed
cellor. " He also collects in the Regis-
air) and motion in his laboratory than
try all University fees, and prepares the
another man gets in his study, and con-
lists of candidates for all University Ex-
sequently can get along with less out-
aminations, and issues official notice to
of-doors exercise. Some part of nearly
Examiners of their appointment and
every morning is taken up with going
duties. His salary is ;^700 a year.
to and from and sitting through lectures.
There is an Assistant Registrary, with
Thus no time of the day is left for pro-
salary of ;^ 120 a year.
longed reading except the evening and ;
as any one can guess, this also may Hesideuce. — Every student, be-
easily be frittered away by those who fore he can be admitted to a degree, must
are so disposed. To some the changes have completed nine terms' residence
91 RES— ROU
during three-fourths of each term as a the following night. The day is con-
member of a College, or a Public Hostel, sidered to extend from 6 a.m. till mid-
or as a non-collegiate student ; but no night. Residence must be kept within
term can be counted before that in which the walls of a College or Hostel, or
he matriculates, unless he satisfies the with parents within the precincts of the
Council that matriculation has been University, or in licensed lodgings, un-
deferred for a sufficient cause. Resi- less special permission be obtained by
dence is reckoned by days, and no day a student to reside in his own or a hired
(except the last day of residence in each house, or with his relations or others.
term) is counted unless the student [See also Aegrotat Term and De-
resides some part of such day and of grading.)
RIDLEY HALL.
On the outskirts of the town, Newnham College is flanked by two new
Church institutions, Selwyn College and Ridley Hall. The latter was
founded by Evangelical Churchmen, anxious to keep alive the memory
and spirit of the martyr reformer in a Church that seemed half losing its
Protestantism, as a Theological Hall for Graduates of the University pre-
paring for Holy Orders. The building, opened in January, 1 88 1, is in the
Tudor-Gothic style, and contains a residence for the Principal, and sets of
rooms for the Vice-Principal and twenty students ; a Chapel, Library and
Reading Room, Lecture Room, and Hall. The last is a fine room, forty-
five feet by twenty-three feet, with open timber roof and panelling, and a
bay window. The kitchens and offices are under the Hall. About seventy-
students have already (1884) passed or are passing through the Hall.
Principal. EXPENSES.
Rev. H. C. Moule, M.A., late
G. A
terminal fee of £21 covers all
Fellow and Dean of Trinity College. expenses of board, lodging, and tuition.
Vice-Principal.
Ireland Jones, M.A.,
Hound Clmrcll.— Holy Sepulchre
Rev. P. late Church, in Sidney Street, opposite the
Scholar of Corpus College.
corner of St. John's Street, is the oldest
COURSE OF STUDY. of the four or five round churches in
The course is not of fixed length, but England. It was built in i loi, perhaps
varies in each case with the require- in imitation of the Church of the Holy
ments of the student. There are four Sepulchre at Jerusalem, after which it
terms in the year, nearly following the is named. The round was altered
part
three University terms, with the working in the fifteenth century by the intro-
time of the Long Vacation. Instruction duction of Perpendicular work ; but in
is by lectures, classes and individual 1 84 1 was restored, by Salvin, to its
intercourse, the subjects being, first. original Norn? an character. The nave
Holy Scripture, and then the lines of is separated by eight round arches borne
reading ordinarily required for Ordina- upon massive piers from the aisle, which
tion Examinations, but so carried on as runs all round it ; above is a triforium
to bear on future pastoral work. Pulpit of eight arches, each divided into two
work in particular forms a subject for smaller ones ; and over this a clerestory,
careful teaching. with Norman windows, carrying a
ROU— SAI 92
conical cap. The chancel with its aisle in Cambridge. "The tower is one
was built in 184 1, in late Decorated of the best specimens of Saxon archi-
style. tecture in the country." The long
and short work at the corners, and the
—
Rustication. The punishment of peculiar windows in the top storey,
being "sent down," ?>., being forbid- are noticeable features, and the rudely-
den to reside in the University for the carved animals at the spring of the
remainder of a term or for a longer semicircular arch inside separating
period, is called Rustication. the tower from the nave. The pillars
of the nave are of the twelfth century,
St. Eeiie't's Clmrch. — The but the rest of the church is mostly
Church of St. Benedict is the oldest modern.
the north side is occupied by the Chapel, Hall, Combination Room, and
Library, and the other two sides by sets of rooms. A gateway in the
Tuscan style opens from the middle of the west side into Queen's Lane.
The Master's Lodge, a handsome red-brick modern residence, is a
separate building in this lane south of the College. It contains some
good pictures, including four portraits by Sir Godfrey Kneller. The
Chapel is rectangular, and intensely neat and simple, but the woodwork is
good. In the ante-chapel is a handsome monument to the wife of a
former Master. The Hall contains portraits of the founder, and of
benefactors, and a picture of the patron saint. Among the pictures in
the Combination Room is another St. Catharine, and a portrait of
Charles II. when a boy. The Library, which is over the Hall and Com-
bination Room, is large and well stocked with books.
Among the worthies of this College were John Bradford, the martyr ;
Archbishop Sandys John Ray, the naturalist and two liberal benefactors
;
;
to the town and University of Cambridge, William Worts and Dr. John
Addenbrooke, the latter of whom founded Addenbrooke's Hospital.
Visitor. Tutor.
The Crown. E. T. S. Carr. M.A.
Ayf^rf^^ Assistant Tutor.
Master.
A. W. Spratt, M.A.
Rev. Charles Kirkby Robinson,
D.D., ex officio Canon of the Cathedral Lecturer in Modern History ^
Philosophy,
Church of Norwich, elected 1861. T. W. Levin, M.A.
President. Mathematical Lecturer.
E. T. S. Carr, M.A. E. Temperley, M.A.
93 SAI-SAI
Bursar. Algebra, Trigonometry, and Geometrical
E. T. S. Carr, M.A. and Analytical Conic Sections ; and in
Classics, Greek and Latin Translation
Prcelector and Steward. and Composition. No candidate will
A. W. Spratt, M.A. be elected unless he show a fair ele-
mentary knowledge of Arithmetic and
Dea7i and Chaplain.
Euclid, and of Latin and Greek.
W. T. Southward, M.A. Bishop Sherlock founded the Libra-
Fellows. rianship, worth ;^20 per annum with
Rev. Edwin Trevor Septimus Carr, allowance for chambers. He also con-
M.A. siderably augmented the salary of the
Albert William Spratt, M.A. Master's Sizar, the present value of
Alfred Pretor, M.A. which is £40 per annum, with chambers
Rev. Walter Thomas Southward, rent free. The Bible Clerk receives his
M.A. commons, with chambers rent free.
Sklrne Fellow. These two Sizarships are in the
William Henry Parr, M.A. absolute gift of the Master, to whom
application should be made.
ADMISSION.
FELLOWSHIPS.
Evety candidate for admission must
There are Fellowships (one being
six
send name, parentage, and address to
Professorial) open
to Graduates of Cam-
the Tutor, with a certificate of conduct
bridge or Oxford. They are tenable
and attainments, and pay ;^i5 Caution
for six years ; but if the Fellow at the
money, and ^^i entrance fee. There
end of that time is a University Pro-
is no regular Entrance Examination.
fessor, or holds in the College the office
of Tutor, Senior Mathematical or Senior
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC. Classical Lecturer, he retains his Fellow-
Of the twenty-six Scholarships, four- ship during tenure of such Professorship
teen are of the annual value of £apy or College office, and after holding one
four are of the annual value of £^0^ six or more such College offices for twenty
of £z^, andtwoof;^25. years, he may keep his Fellowship for
There is also a fund of about ;^3,ooo life. Each Fellow receives a dividend
in Consols, for the support of students not exceeding ;^25o, exclusive of com-
of the College. From these funds mons and rooms.
Scholarships varying in value Woxvl£^o
EXPENSES.
per annum to 3^25 are annually given
after open competition, or at the College
The average College expenses, in-
cluding College maintenance fee, com-
Examination in June.
Besides these Scholarships there is an
mons and buttery expenses, rooms,
coals, attendance, tuition, and University
annual surplus from which grants are
tax, are £2.^ a term, or £']^ a year,
made to deserving students of the
excluding the Long Vacation Term. The
College.
rent of rooms in College varies from
All the Scholarships are open to
candidates from any school or place of £^ to £\2. per annum. Tuition fee is
birth. ;^6 a term, special arrangements being
The Open Scholarship Examination
made with B.As. The College fee
for B.A. degree is £a^ 2s. {See also
usually takes place in the May Term,
general article on Expenses.)
when the exact value and number of
Scholarships awarded depend on the CLUBS.
merits of the candidates. The subjects The College colours are claret and
are in Mathematics, Arithmetic, Euclid, white.
SAI-SA! 94
1864-9.
Sir G. Scott was the architect of this Chapel, which is one of the
finest modern churches in England, and one of the most beautiful
buildings in Cambridge. It is in the Early Decorated style, and
consists of a choir and transepts, the latter forming the ante-chapel;,
over the middle of which rises a lofty tower. The exterior is most
elaborately carved ; the principal entrance is in the east face of the south
transept, and is guarded on either side by statues of Lady Margaret and
her chief executor, Bishop Fisher. In the ante-chapel are several
monuments removed from the old Chapel. The most conspicuous are
a seated statue of Dr. Wood, Master 1816-39, ^^^ the tomb of Arch-
deacon Ashton, with two effigies of him, one lying in his robes and •
the other wasting in his coffin underneath. The altarpiece from the
old Chapel, by A. R. Mengs, the "Descent from the Cross," hangs
in the south transept. The great west window, representing " The Last
Judgment," is by Clayton & Bell, who also executed the new window in
King's Chapel depicting the same subject. This is a bold and brilliant
composition. Over it, in one of the windows of the lantern stage of the
95 SAI— SAI
tower, are fragments of beautiful old glass. The piers which support the
tower and the sides of the windows are set off by coloured shafts of
Devonshire, Irish, or Serpentine marbles, or Peterhead red granite, and
the abaci of the piers are of black Derbyshire marble. The wooden
jscreen at the entrance of the choir is elaborately carved. The carved
,oak stalls are about half of them from the old Chapel, and the rest new,
JDeautifully carved in similar style. The floor is of Purbeck and Sicilian
marbles, and encaustic tiles ; the steps leading to the altar in the five-
sided apse are of similar marbles with inscriptions and numerous
symbolical figures. The altar is of oak with a marble slab, its front and
sides carved with figures in panels. Round the apse are angels playing
divers instruments, and over them five windows, by Clayton & Bell,
representing scenes from Christ's life, death, and resurrection. On the
right side of the apse is placed the double piscina which belonged to the
original Chapel of the Hospital, and was discovered in the wall of the old
College Chapel when it was being pulled down. The roof of this choir is
divided into nineteen compartments, the one at the end being filled with
a representation of Jesus enthroned, and the others with figures of saints
and famous people who lived in the eighteen centuries since the first.
The Hall, on the west side of the first court, was lengthened at the time
the old Chapel was removed and the new Master's Lodge was built, by
taking in the former Combination Room. The old bay-window which was at
the end of the Hall was retained, and a second similar one added at the new
upper end. It is now a few feet longer than the Hall of Trinity, but not so
wide the dark old oak panelling and ceiling, lightly touched with gilt, is very
;
SAI-SAI 96
date is marked over the large oriel projecting towards the river. The room
contains about 26,000 books and 400 manuscripts, many of them left by
Lord Keeper Williams, afterwards Archbishop of York, Matthew Prior,
Thomas Baker, and other members of the College. The collection is
rich in rare specimens of the early printers, and there is a copy of
Cranmer's Bible on vellum, supposed to have been originally Cromwell's
copy. The Library is open daily, and books may be taken out.
The south and west sides of this court were finished in 1699, in a
style more classical than the Library. From the small piece of cloisters
on the west side, a covered bridge of one arch leads to the fourth court.
This bridge, sometimes called the Bridge of Sighs from a distant resem-
blance to the bridge of that name at Venice, is a convenient spot for com-
paring the different styles of architecture in the two parts of the court just
described, the court on the other side of the river built about 1830, the
Master's Lodge to the north, and on the south the picturesque old bridge
of three arches, with the buildings of Trinity beyond.
Proceeding towards the new court one notices the pleasing effect
of arches of different sizes and axes crossing one another, as the
bridge is not in a straight line with the cloister which runs along I
the south front of this court with open Perpendicular windows on its
outer side. The middle of the northern side is occupied by a massive
projection with corner turrets, and lofty lantern rising from its centre ;
this, with the stately wings on either side, forms a striking picture. One
day two Undergraduates lounging on Trinity Bridge were reproved by
the Master, who asked what they supposed the bridge was built for
they answered "To get a view of the new buildings of St. John's."
: A
serious-minded man who compared the dates of building of this bridge
and the new Johnian Court, might fail to see the joke, which has indeed
lost much of its point in these days when the rivalry between these
Colleges has lost all its former bitterness. This has lately been testified
by the erection of a light iron foot-bridge over the narrow stream which
separates the grounds at the back of the two Colleges.
The walks behind St. John's, entered by an elegant gateway in the
middle of the cloister of the new court, are extensive and picturesque. A
part of the grounds is shut in for the Fellows' private use, called the
Wilderness or the Isle of Patmos, and planted with trees in the form of
a church. Westwards, on the other side of the public road, is the College
Cricket Ground, with the Racquet Court.
Among the many eminent men of this College may be named Roger
Ascham, Cecil Lord Burleigh, Ben Jonson, the Earl of Strafford, Mat
Prior, Richard Bentley (afterwards Master of Trinity), Rowland Hill,
William Wilberforce, Wordsworth, and Lord Palmerston.
Visitor. President.
The Lord Bishop of Ely. Peter Hamnett Mason, M.A.
Tutors.
Master. John Edwin Sandys, M.A.
The Rev. Charles Taylor, D.D. Edwin Hill, M.A.
97 SAI -SAI
E
SAI-SAI 98
Rev. William Warren, M.A. SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
Harry Rede Tottenham, M.A. The Foundation Scholarships, sixty in
Joseph Larmor, M.A. number, are elected from students of
Rev. Alfred Caldecott, M.A. the College, or from such other persons
John Edward Marr, M.A., F.G.S. and of such standing as the Council
Francis Henry Colson, M.A.
Charles Card ale Babington, M.A., may think fit, vacancies being filled in
F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S. June. Scholars if not Graduates must
Edwin Charles Clark, LL.D. proceed to some degree at the regular
John Shapland Yeo. M.A. time. A Scholarship is of the annual
Thomas George Tucker, M.A. value of from £dp to ;^ioo, and is
Rev. Stephen Parkinson, D.D., F.R.S. tenable till the twelfth term from com-
Alexander Macalister, M.A., M.D., mencement of residence, and the tenure
F.R.S. may be prolonged till the nineteenth
John Ambrose Fleming, M.A. term. It is vacated if the scholar be
Samuel Lavington Hart, M.A. elected to a Fellowship in this or any
John Cottam Moss, M.A. other College.
Charles Maddock Stuart, M.A.
Rev. John Brill, M.A. Five Minor Scholarships are awarded
Walter Frank Raphael Weldon, annually in December. Minor Scholar-
M.A. ships are of the annual value of not less
Alfred Robert Johnson, B.A. than ;^5o, nor more than ;^8o, are open
George Frederick Stout, B.A. to all persons under nineteen years of
George Ballard Matthews, B.A. age, who have not commenced residence,
Alfred Marshall, M.A. and are tenable for two years or until
Rev. Benjamin Hall Kennedy, D.D. election to a Foundation Scholarship.
Honorary Fellows. Two Exhibitions of £^o per annum
Very Rev. Charles Merivale, D.D. tenable for two years, together with
John Couch Adams, M.A., F.R.S. some other Exhibitions, are annually
James Joseph Sylvester, M.A., F.R.S. awarded at the same time as, and open
Rev. Churchill Babington, D.D., to the same persons as, the Minor
F.L.S. Scholarships, but without restriction of
ADMISSION. age. These Minor Scholarships and
Every candidate for admission must Exhibitions are awarded for proficiency
apply to one of the Tutors, sending the in Classics, Mathematics, Natural
name of his parent or guardian, and cer- Science, Hebrew or Sanskrit.
certificates of birth, of baptism (if pos- A sum of ;^88o is assigned annually
sible), and of character. Unless the in Exhibitions to the most deserving
candidate furnishes satisfactory evidence students, to be called Wood's and
of attainments in the form either of a Hare's Exhibitioners, account being
certificate from some public examining taken of their pecuniary circumstances
body, or of a statement from the head as well as of their moral and intel-
master of his school, certifying that in his lectual qualifications.
opinion the applicant is likely to pass the There are about fifty Exhibitions dif-
University Examinations in due course, fering in value from £\o \.o£^Q attached
he will be required to pass an Entrance by way of preference to certain schools,
Examination. Such Examination may most of which are awarded as they fall
be passed before the beginning of any vacant at the Examination in the be-
term, and the subjects are Arithmetic, ginning of the Michaelmas Term, at
Algebra, and Euclid, and either the which Sizarships are awarded. In the
Little-go classical subjects for the cur- case of a vacancy of any of these Ex-
rent or the following year, or equivalent hibitions, to which the College elects,
books offered by the candidate in lieu it is competent for the College Council,
thereof at time of entering his name. if no candidate from such school of
99 SAI— SAI
sufficientmerit shall offer himself, to annual value of ^30, tenable for three
throw the same open to competition as years from election (but not with a Fel-
they may think advisable. lowship), is open to persons of a similar
The greater number of Sizars at this standing ; and in default of qualified
College are chosen by an Examination, B.As. of the College, it is open to
which takes place on an early day of the other B.As. of the University.
Michaelmas Term in each year. The FELLOWSHIPS.
candidates are examined in the Ele- There are fifty-six Fellowships, of
ments of Geometry, Arithmetic, Alge- which five must be Professorial {see
bra, Trigonometry, certain selected
Professors), and the rest are open to
Greek and Latin subjects, also unseen Graduates of the College, or other
Translation, and Latin Prose composi- Graduates of Cambridge or of Oxford.
tion. Two Sizarships are annually Fellowships are vacated after six j'-ears,
awarded by the Senior Local Examina- or sooner if the Fellow has attained
tion, and a few by the Minor Scholarship ten years' standing from his first degree,
and Exhibition Examination. About or if he be presented to a College
eighteen in all are usually awarded ; benefice worth £,^00 ; but in special
and their value consists entirely in re- cases the College Council may extend
duction of charges^ usually estimated the tenure for periods of five years, and
at over;^30 a year. those holding certain University or
There are nine Sizars, called Proper College offices do not vacate by lapse
Sizars, on Dr. Dowman's Foundation, of time. The annual value of a Fellow-
who have reductions equivalent to
ship does not exceed £250, besides
about ;i^40 per annum. They are rooms and commons.
chosen from the other Sizars (after a
residence of at three terms) by
least EXPENSES.
the College Council, preference being The {£^ a term) and other
tuition fee
usually given to those who have ranked charges at this College are similar to
high in the classes at the College Ex- those at most other Colleges. Fees
aminations, and by their conduct have for Inter-Collegiate Lectures, up to a
obtained the approbation of the College. certain amount, are paid by the Col-
In the case of all candidates for Sizar- lege. The College fee for the B.A.
ships definite assurance must be given degree is £5 u. {See general article
that they stand in real need of assistance. on Expenses. )
The following Studentships are open CLUBS.
to members of the College of not less Athletic, — Subscription, los. 6d, per
than nine nor more than eighteen terms* term.
standing, but are not tenable with a Boat. — Entrance fee, £2 2s. ; sub-
Fellowship (i) three (Nad en) Divinity
:
scription, £1 IS.per term. Colours,
Studentships, of the annual value of scarlet. This club goes by the name
about £80, tenable for three years from of the Lady Margaret Boat Club,
elect ion but subj ect to residence ; ( 2) four
, and never called St. John's Boat Club.
is
There are also several limited Clubs, the year round for those who have nos
e.g.the Eagles, the Ivexp^-essibles^ and homes England, and wish to save the:
in
the Thespids (a Dramatic Club). expense of finding lodgings during the;
vacations. Pecuniary aid may be
St. Michael's Church,— This
granted by the Governors to deserving]
church was built, in 1327, by Hervey
and needy students. The internal and
de Stanton, and, having suffered little
domestic government of the Hostel and
alteration, is a beautiful example of
its inmates is to be under the charge of
pure Decorated style. The piscina and
sedilia in the chancel, and the tracery
a Principal. The Governors not fewer —
of the west window, should be noticed.
than five nor more than ten of whom —
the Principal is one, are to examine the
The stained glass in the east window is
accounts and administration of the
by Hardman. In the north aisle is a
Hostel, and to frame regulations for its
picture of Charles I. spurning his
good government. The present body-
crown (in contempt of history), modi-
of Governors includes
fied from the frontispiece of Eikon
*
'
Visitor. Librarian.
The Lord Bishop of Ely. ^^ j^ C. Allen, M.A.
Master.
Rev. James Porter, D.D., appointed Chatlain
1876.
Tutor. "^HE Master.
J. D. H. Dickson, M.A.
Fellows.
Assistant Tutor.
T. M. DoDDS, M.A. Lamplugh Brougham Ballantine
Dyk.es IvI a
Mathematical Lecturer. Charles Abercrombie Smith. M.A.
E. J. Routh, M.A., Sc.D.,F.R.S. gj^ William Thomson. LL.D..
Classical Lecturer. F.R.SS.L. &E.
R. A. Neil, M.A. James Smith, LL.D.
Dean. . Samuel Garrett, M.A.
J. M. Dodds, M.A. James Douglas Hamilton Dickson,
Senior Bursar. M.A., F.R.S.E.
T M Dodds MA.'
Rev. Andrew James Campbell Allen,
M.A.
cv c
^ ^ John Macalister Dodds. M.A.
T
J.
Dewar. AVf'^'T.
T^ o^'oc^'v
M.A.. F.R.SS.L. & E. j^^^s Dewar. M.A.. FR.SS.L. & E.
Prcelector. Micaiah John Muller Hill, M.A.
J. M. Dodds, M.A. John William Marshall, M.A.
;
SAI-SAI 102
There are twenty- two Scholarships, the office is not reckoned as part of
four of £80 a year, ten of ;^6o, one of the six years' tenure, and if he keeps
;£"5o, four of ;^40, and three of £20, the office for twenty years, he retains
Some are given as Entrance Scholar- the Fellowship for life ; also any Fellow
ships, tenable for two years at least, holdinga Professorship in the University,
open to candidates under nineteen or the office of Public Orator, or
years of age ; and the others are Founda- Registrary, or University Librarian^
tion Scholarships for Undergraduates in retains his Fellowship while he holds
their first term (irrespective of age), such office. Each Fellow receives such
tenable for three years at least. They sum as the Master and Fellows shall
are given for proficiency in Classics, fix for the dividend for the year from
ro3 SAI-SCH
term subscription to the Amalgamation tion to the satisfaction of the Examiners
Club. For active membership of any receives a certificate testifying to his
one of the Clubs the following additional competent knowledge of what is re-
terminal subscription has to be paid : quired for the duties of a Medical
Athletic IS. 6d., Boat 3^., Cricket 3^"., Officer of Health. The holders of
Rugby Union or Association Football these certificates are designated briefly
IJ"., Lawn Tennis 2i-., Swimming is. by the letters "S. Sc. Cert. Camb." AU
The Boat colours are blue bound with applications for admission to this
•white ; Cricket, blue and white stripes Examination, or for information re-
Football, half blue and half white specting it, should be addressed to
shirt ; LawnTennis, black ground Professor Liveing, Cambridge.
with yellow and
red stripes, and
Amalgamation Club, for non-active
Sanskrit, Professor of. —
This Professorship was established by
members, blue with arms on the pocket. the University in 1867, for the term of
There is a Musical Society, for which the Professor first appointed, but made
associates subscribe 2s. 6d. a term, and
permanent under the 1882 Statutes, by
members 5^., and a Reading Room which the stipend and mode of election,
(called the Sexcentenary) where the
etc., will be regulated in future {see
principal papers and magazines are
Professors). Present stipend ;^5oo,
taken.
to be raised on next vacancy to £joo.
Sandwich Boat. — The boat The present Professor is E. B. COWELL,
which rows at the bottom of one M.A., Fellow of Corpus.
division and top of another is called
^'Sandwich Boat."— (^^^ Boat Races.)
Scarlet Days. The — Scarlet
Days, when Doctors appear in their
Sanitary Science. — An Exami- robes, are Christmas Day, Easter Day,
nation in so much of State Medicine as Ascension Day, Whit Sunday, Trinity
is comprised in the functions of Officers Sunday, All Saints' Day, the First
of Health begins yearly on the first Sunday in November (Commemoration
Tuesday in October. Any person of Benefactors), Commencement Day
whose name is on the Medical Register (the Tuesday next preceding June 24), ,
of the United Kingdom may present and any other day for which the Vioe-
himself for this Examination provided Chancellor gives notice.
he be in his twenty-fourth year at least Scholarships and Exhibi-
when he presents himself for the first tions. — For those offered by Colleges
part of the Examination, and have see under the separate Colleges. Many
attained twenty-four years of age be- public schools give Scholarships to the
fore he presents himself for the second best of their pupils entering the Uni-
part. The Examination is in two versities ; and Exhibitions are also
parts, each part occupying two days, given by certain trustees, e.g. the Gil-
and being oral and practical as christ and Whitworth, and by some of
well as in writing. Candidates may the City Companies, e.g. the Gold-
present themselves for either part smiths', Leathersellers', Drapers', and
separately or for both together at their Grocers', for particulars of which appli-
option ; but the result of the Examina- cation should be made to the respective
tion in the case of any candidate will secretaries of such bodies.
not be published until he has passed in TheUniversity has the disposal of
both parts. Every candidate is re- the following Scholarships, for par-
quired to pay a fee of four guineas ticulars of which see under the separate
before admission to either part of the headings, viz., Abbott, Bell, Barnes,
Examination. Every candidate who Craven, Battie, Davies, Pitt, Browne,
has passed both parts of the Examina- Waddington, Person, Crosse, Harkness,
SCH— SEO 104
have, for the most part, been accommo- given annually for a Poem on a sacred
dated elsewhere. {See Divinity subject, open to Masters of Arts.
School, and Museums.)
Sedgwick Prize (about £60) is
Schools Examinations,— The given triennially for Essay on Geolog}^
Syndicate, entrusted with the manage- or the kindred sciences, open to Gradu-
ment of the Local Examinations, also ates who have resided sixty days during
sends Examiners to inspect and report the twelve months before Essay is sent
upon any schools which make applica- in. Subject for next Essay, to be sent
tion for such Examinations. {See also in on or before October i, 1885, is "The
Oxford and Cambridge Schools Jurassic rocks of the neighbourhood of
Examination Board.) Cambridge."
105 SEL-SEL
SELWYN COLLEGE.
Selwyn College was founded in 1882, by public subscription, in
memory of George Augustus Selwyn, late Bishop of Lichfield, and
formerly Missionary Bishop of New Zealand. The object of the institu-
tion, according to the terms of its Royal Charter, is to provide " persons
desirous of academical education, and willing to live economically, with
a College wherein sober living and high culture of the mind may be
combined with Christian training, based upon the principles of the
Church of England." The College is governed by a Master and Council,
of not more than sixteen members. It was recognised by the University
as a Public Hostel in February, 1883. Selwyn College stands in about
six acres of ground, on the Grange Road, Newnham. The buildings, not
yet completed, are of red brick with stone facings, in the domestic Tudor
Gothic style. In the year 1883-84 there were over sixty Undergraduates.
SEL—SEN 106
united in one. The entrance fee is mar of the Semitic Languages; (14),
jf I IS., and the subscription £i is. a Literary History of the Semitic Lan-
term. The subscription to the Musical guages. The selected books are an-
Society is 2s. 6d. a term, and to the nounced by the Board of Oriental Studies
Junior Combination Room 2.s. 6d. two years before the Examination of
any year; the Board also publishes from
Selwyn Divinity School.— (^^^ time to time a Hst of books bearing on
Divinity School.) the last two papers. Candidates who
Semitic Languages Tripos. deserve Honours are placed in three
—The Semitic Languages Tripos in 1887 classes, arranged alphabetically, and no
and subsequent years be held in the
will one can obtain a First Class who does not
Easter Term instead of the Lent Term. show a competent knowledge of two of
It will be open to any student who has the three languages, Arabic, Hebrew,
entered on his eighth term at least, and Syriac, and also of the Comparative
having previously kept seven terms, Grammar of the Semitic languages.
provided that eleven complete terms
shall not have passed after the first of
Senate.— ('SV^ Governing Body.)
the said seven terms ; but may be taken Senate House. — The Senate
later, in some cases
as late as the six- House is one of the three imposing
teenth term, certain other Honours
if and central University buildings which
Examinations have been passed, or one are somewhat overshadowed by the
of the Special Examinations has been more imposing Chapel of King's Col-
passed, or later still under certain other lege ; the other two being the University
circumstances with the special per- Library and the University Church.
mission of the Council. The Examina- The Senate House was completed in
tion consists of the following papers : 1730 by the architect Gibbs ; it is a
( I ), Translation into Arabic ; (2), Selected rectangular building, in the finished
portions of the Kor'an, with Arabic Classical style of that day. The in-
commentary, and Arabic Grammar, with terior is a large and well-proportioned
passages for translation into English room, with carved panelling and gal-
from a selected work of some native leries on all sides of Norway oak. The
Grammarian ; (3), Selected Arabic floor is of black and white marbles,
works ; (4), Passages for translation into and the ceiling is richly decorated. The
English from unspecified Arabic works Chancellor's chair is on a raised dais
(5), Translation into Hebrew, and at the west end, at which end the twa
passages for pointing ; (6), Selected tiers of windows running all round the
books of the Hebrew Scriptures, with building are without lights. Near the
a selected Hebrew commentary on one entrance are a statue by Rysbrack of
of the said books ; (7), Passages for Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset,
translation into English from unspecified and an excellent statue of Pitt by
books of the Hebrew Scriptures ; (8), NoUekens. Congregations of the
Paper on post-biblical Hebrew (partly Senate are held here for the purpose of
on selected, and partly on unspecified voting on Graces offered by the Council
books) ; (9), Translation into Syriac, and discussions, when necessary, are held on
selected books of the Syriac Versions of a previous day in the Schools. Degrees
the New Testament; (10), Biblical are also conferred at Congregations.
Chaldee, and selected books of the The ceremony of matriculation,and most
Targums and of the Syriac Versions of of the University Examinations take
the Old Testament; (11), Selected
_ place in the Senate House ; but when
Syriac works ; (12), Passages for trans- several Examinations occur at the same
lation into English from unspecified time, or the candidates are too numerous
Syriac works ; (13), Comparative Gram- for the Senate House, other University
107 8EN-SID
rooms are used, and the Guild Hall or has power to punish by deprivation or
Corn Exchange is sometimes hired as suspension of degree, or any lighter
well. sentence, but there is liberty of appeal
^^ ^^^ ^^"^^^ ^^^"^ '^^
'^^''''''''''
Sex Viri.-The Senate elects six
officers,called wSex Viri, to hold office Sheepshanks Astronomical
for two years, who, with the Chan- Exhibition (;£"50 for three years) is
cellor, constitute a Court to hear all open to all Undergraduates, successful
accusations against members of the candidate to become a member of Trinity
University, not zn statu pupillari^ for College (at which College the Exami-
offences against the statutes or ordi- nation is held) if not already so. Next
nances of the University. The Court ExaminationinMichaelmas Term, 1885.
Oxford. A Fellowship is vacated one and Senate House. The tourist whose
year after presentation to a College time is short, will find a scheme of
benefice worth not less than ;C4^^i but is sight-seeing conveniently laid down for
otherwise tenable for six years, provided him in the " Railway Traveller's Walk
that the time during which a Fellow through Cambridge" (u., published by
has been College Tutor or College Lec- Metcalfe & Son), or in Professor
turer is not reckoned in his term of six Humphry's "Guide to Cambridge"
years, and provided that a Fellow who (ij-., published by W. P. Spalding).
has held the ofiice of Tutor for fifteen Both are excellent guides : the former
is more descriptive, and has pictures ;
years, or of Lecturer for twenty years,
or the offices of Lecturer and Tutor in the latter, more historical and anti-
succession for twenty years, retains his quarian, is not illustrated, but includes
Fellowship for life, unless he is offered a brief account of the churches in the
a life pension of £s^o a year or a neighbourhood. Messrs. Macmillan &
College benefice as aforesaid. Each Co. have also published several interest-
Fellow receives a dividend of not more ing and useful books on Cambridge and
than ;^25o a year, besides rooms and its neighbourhood.
commons when in residence.
Sizar. — Poor students, who re-
EXPENSES. ceived allowances in the shape of
The average amount of College bills **
commons," were called " sizars,"
is about £go a year, including tuition,
:
from the word " size." Formerly they
;£"l8 a year ; general establishment were obliged to perform some of the
charges, £12 a year ; rent of rooms, duties of College servants, and were
if in College, varying from £7 tO;^i6 looked down upon by their richer fellow
a year ; payments to bedmaker and students ; but now all these indignities
laundress, and for dinners in Hall, have been removed, and a sizar, who
cook's bill for extras, buttery bill still some but not all cases receives
in
(bread, butter, etc.), coals, and milk. part of his emoluments in the shape of
Tradesmen's bills are not included in free commons, is in effect in a similar
the College account ; the tradesmen position to an Exhibitioner or a Scholar;
must, however, inform the Tutor of the only difference being that before
any which exceed £^. The College being admitted to a Sizarship, which is
fee for B.A. degree is £3 los. {See usually awarded by competitive exami-
also general article on Expenses.) nation, a candidate must prove his need
CLUBS AND SOCIETIES. of pecuniary assistance, which is not
Athletic Club, — Subscription, 7^-. dd. required in the case of Exhibitions and
per annum. Scholarships.
;
SIZ-SPE HO
Size (either from Assize, Fr. printed papers (except in the Natural
asseoir, to set down, or from scittdere^ Science and Music Special) ; and the
to cut). —This ancient University word, successful candidates in each are placed
formerly employed both as a verb and in two classes, the names in the first
as a noun equivalent to sizings [zvhich being arranged in order of merit, and
see)i is now almost confined to the those in the second alphabetically (in
former use ; and to *' * size' at dinner, Theology there are three classes, the
is to order yourself any little luxury that first arranged in order of merit, and the
may chance to tempt you, in addition to second and third alphabetically). There
your general fare ; for which you are are seven ** Specials," viz. :
SopllS. — Second
year men are
(3), Zoology ; (4), Geology.
V. Mechanism and Applied
called Junior Sophs, and third year
men Senior Sophs. In this way the —
Science. The Examination consists of
five papers, on (i), Mechanics, includ-
gradual growth of wisdom in the
ing Statics, Dynamics, and Hydro-
Undergraduate mind is expressed.
statics; (2), Heat ; (3), Mechanism,
Special Examinations {see and the general principles of Machines
Arts, Proceedings in). —
The Special (4), Theory of Structures, Strength of
Examinations are held twice a year, in Materials, and Principles of Surveying
the Easter and Michaelmas Terms, but and Levelling (5), Electricity and
;
the Music Special only in the Easter Magnetism. The first two papers are
Term, and the selected subjects for obligatory on all candidates, and each
any year (being the same for the candidate has to choose one, and only
Michaelmas as for the preceding Easter one of the other three.
Term) are announced in the Easter —
VI. Music. The Music Special is
Term of the previous year. The Exami- the same as the Preliminary Examina-
nations are conducted entirely by tion for degrees in Music {see Music,
HI SPE—SUR
Degrees in). Thesubjects of the mended for study, and
also lists of set
Examhation, which is conducted partly subjects appointed for certain Examina-
by paper and partly viva voce^ are ( i ), tions. (2.) The General Board of
Acoustics (no knowledge of Mathe- Studies consists of the Vice-Chancel-
matics beyond Arithmetic will be re- lor, one member of each Special Board
quired to satisfy the Examiners in this of Studies elected by that Special Board,
subject) ; (2), Counterpoint in not more and eight members of the Senate elected
than three parts ; (3), Harmony in not by Grace ; the members retiring by a
more than four parts. regular system of rotation. It is the
VII. Modern Languages.— The duty of the General Board to consult
Examination is held in (i), English together on all matters which relate to
Language and Literature ; (2), French the studies and Examinations of the
Language and Literature ; (3), Ger- University, including the maintenance
man Language and Literature. Candi- and improvement of existing institu-
dates are required to pass in (l), and tions, and the provision of new insti-
in either (2) or (3). In each division tutions. The General Board also issues
questions are set on special books and regulations and instructions respecting
periods of literature, as well as general the subjects and character of the lectures
questions on the language. to be delivered, the superintendence of
laboratory work, the subordination when
State Medicine.— (6>^ Sani-
necessary of the Readers and University
tary Science.)
Lecturers to the Professors, and the dis-
Studies, Boards of.— (i.) Spe- tribution of their work of teaching.
cial Boards of Studies. — Under
the provisions of the 18S2 Statutes, —
Supplicat. A supplicat is a docu-
Special Boards of Studies are appointed ment, in a prescribed form, signed by
for all the important departments of the authority of a Colege, Hostel, or
study recognised in the University, Non-Collegiate Board, on behalf of any
consisting of the Professors of the candidate for a degree, requesting that
corresponding subjects, together with the degree may be granted. Supplicats
such Readers, University Lecturers, must in every case be presented to the
Examiners, and other persons as may Council of the Senate, and are read out
be appointed by Grace of the Senate. by the Senior Proctor on Degree Day
It is the duty of every Special Board to {which see).
time to time lists of books recom- tions, the Application of Surgical Ap-
; ;;
SUR—SYN 112
1
paratus, the Examination of Surgical bers of the University, who do not
Patients ; and successful candidates belong to the Club, may use the sheds
are arranged in alphabetical order. by payment of 6d. on each o::casion.
Students before admission must have The C.U.S.C. holds swimming races in
attended a course of instruction in the May Term and also in ihe Long
Practical Surgery, and the surgical Vacation.
practice of a recognised hospital for The May races, on the 6tli, 8th, and
two years at least, and also acted as 9th of June, 1885, resulted as follows :
113 TEA—THE
Teachers' Training Syndi- some school or schools recognised by
cate. — The scope of University work the Syndicate, such certificate being
has been much extended in recent years, based upon (l), Examination of the
so that itis no longer a stationary institu- class taught by the candidate ; (2), inspec-
tion, educating in a few old-fashioned tion of the class while being taught
subjects such students as choose to (3), questions put to the teacher in
come to it and learn. In many senses private after the inspection ; and (4),
it has ceased to stand still ; not only report made by the head master or
does it gradually admit into its curricu- mistress. Further information as to
lum every recognised and recognisable the work of the Syndicate may be
—
study the study of Ghosts is shortly obtained from the Secretary, Mr. O.
expected to have a Tripos to itself—but Browning, King's College, Cambridge.
it sends out its sons to carry on the
Examination has been passed in the Section II., New Testament, papers
second (<:), in the fourth or fifth Easter
;
on (i), a selected Gospel (Greek) ;
Term if the B. A. degree has been taken and (2), a selected Epistle or Epistles
on a Tripos Examination passed in the (Greek), with some Patristic Commen-
third Easter Term ; and {d), Part I. tary and the Latin Versions; (3), the
having been passed in one year, Part New Testament (Greek) generally,
II. may be taken the next year, pro- with Greek Composition. Section III.,
vided it be not later than the fifth History and Literature, on (i), selec-
Easter Term ; also Part II. only, with tions from the Apocrypha, the Apocry-
three papers of Part I., viz. (i). Old phal literature, Philo and Josephus ;
Testament, General (English) ; (2), New (2), selected Greek and Latin Ecclesi-
Testament, General (Greek) ; and (3), astical writings, and two Historical
either Histories of the Church, or His- Periods with selected illustrative docu-
tories of Christian Doctrine, may be ments, viz., (3), between death of
taken {e) in the third or fourth Easter Leo the Great and taking of Constanti-
Term, when any other Tripos Exami- nople ; and (4), between taking of Con-
nation has been passed in the second ; stantinople and the present time.
(/), in the fourth or fifth Easter Section IV., Dogmatics and Liturgi-
Term, when the B. A. degree has been ology, comprises (i), History and De-
taken on any Tripos Examination velopment of a selected Doctrine ; (2),
passed in the third Easter Term. A a subject from Modern Theology in
student obtaining Honours in Part I. connection with original documents
only may take his B.A. degree without (3), History of Christian Worship,
further examination. Part I. consists with special reference to selected
of eight papers: (i), Old Testament ancient Liturgies and Service Books,
(General) ; (2), Genesis or some other and to the history and contents of the
specified historical portion of the Old Book of Common Prayer ; (4), an
Testament in Hebrew ; (3), Transla- Essay on some theological question
tion from Historical Books of Old arising out of these subjects. The
Testament generally, with questions on variable subjects selected for any Ex-
Hebrew Grammar and easy Hebrew amination are published two years
Composition ; (4), New Testament beforehand. Candidates who pass
(General) ; the Gospels in Greek,
(5), either part with credit are placed in
specially one selected Gospel ; (6), three classes, arranged alphabetically.
Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypse, in In the Class List of Part I. marks of
Greek, specially a selected portion distinction may be affixed to the names
(7), History of the Church to the death of those candidates who also take one
of Leo the Great, specially a selected paper in the Old Testament or New
work on some portion of the history Testament, or both sections of Part II.
(8), History of Christian Doctrine to and in the case of every student placed
the close of the Council of Chalcedon, in the First Class of Part 11. , the list
with special reference to the Ancient shows (i), the section or sections for
Creeds and other original authorities. which he is placed in that class and ;
Part II. consists of four sections, of (2), in which of those sections, if any,
which not more than two can be taken he passes with special distinction.
by any candidate. Section I., Old Town and Gown. Formerly —
Testament, comprises papers on (i), the University had many privileges in
Isaiah (Hebrew) ; (2), selected portions the town which, combined with ex-
of Poetical and Prophetical Books tortionate charges made by lodging-
(Hebrew and Septuagint) ; (3), Trans- house keepers and tradesmen, were the
lation from Hebrew Old Testament most fruitful source of town and gown
generally and Hebrew composition. rows. These privileges have nearly all
;
ri5 TOW—TRI
passed away, except the two follow- have really disappeared only a slight
;
TRINITY COLLEGE.
This " royal and
religious foundation," which is far larger than any other
in Oxford or Cambridge, was formed in 1546 by Henry VIII. by the union
and enlargement of several earlier foundations. Of these the chief were
(i) King's Hall, which occupied the northern part of the present great
court, and was founded in 1337 by Edward III. for the reception of the
King's scholars maintained since about 13 16 by his father ; (2) Michael-
house, which occupied the south-western part of the court, founded in
1324 by Hervey de Stanton, Chancellor of the Exchequer in the reign of
Edward II. ; (3) Fyswick Hostel, at the south-east corner of the court,
founded by W. Fisshewik, Esquire Bedell of the University, and left by
his will in 1384 to Gonville Hall, and by the latter handed to King
Henry VIII. for the consideration of ;^3 a year, which sum is still paid
to Caius College by the Crown. Queen Mary added considerably to the
endowments, *' in expression of her private affection to her father's
memory," since the clergy thwarted her laudable desire to institute public
prayers for the soul of " one dying so notorious a schismatic."
The greater part of the east front of the College is concealed by the
houses of Trinity Street ; only the great gate and one end of the Chapel
are visible, with the block of rooms between, which is the oldest part
of the College. The beautiful tower gateway, called the *' King's
Gateway," is adorned in front with the statue of Henry VIII. and the
arms of Edward III. and his sons; the wooden vaulting is decorated
with the arms of former Masters ; on the inside are statues of James I.
and his wife and son, Charles.
The great court, perhaps the largest closed quadrangle in the world,
has all the greater sense of openness from the comparative lowness of
most of the buildings. On the north side is the Chapel, a plain building
externally, and next to it the Clock-tower, with a statue of Edward III.,
which was formerly a gateway, south of King's Hall, standing where the
sun-dial now is. The Master's Lodge, opposite the entrance, with a
Jacobean porch and handsome bay window, has a long lov/ front, and
TRI-TRI 116
next to it the Hall lifts its high-pitched roof and lofty lantern. On the
south side is another tower, the " Queen's Gateway," with a statue of
Elizabeth. In the midst of the court is a conspicuous fountain, put up
by Dr. Neville, in whose mastership (about 1600) the court assumed
nearly its present appearance, under the skilful hand of Ralph Simons,
the architect of Sidney, Emmanuel, and the second court of St. John's.
The chief external alteration since is in the part south of the Hall, which
received its plain facing at the hands of the architect, Essex, in 1774, when
the quaintly picturesque front of the old Hall of Michael-house was pulled
down.
The Chapel (open to the public daily between 11 and 12, and 2 and 3),
built in the reigns of Mary and Elizabeth, was recently restored and richly
decorated ; at the same time the organ was moved westwards to give
more room in the choir, and, in the rebuilding, was enlarged by Messrs.
Hill, so that it is now, if it was not before, one of the finest instruments
in England. In the ante-chapel is Roubiliac's great statue of Isaac
Newton, with seated statues of Bacon, by Weeks, and of Barrow, by
Noble, on his right and left. Statues of Macaulay and Whewell, by
Woolner, are also here and busts of Porson, by Chantrey, and of Locke,
;
the Judges stay when on circuit. Among the numerous portraits are
those of Henry VIII. (represented half as large again as life-size) by Lucas
de Heere; Queen Ehzabeth in one of her rich dresses; Queen Mary;
Sir Isaac Newton, by Thornhill; and Scaliger, by Paul Veronese.
The Hall, built in imitation of the Middle Temple Hall, is a large
and well-proportioned room, with a richly ornamented screen and gallery
at the south end, and a wide dais with two Fellows' tables at the upper
end lighted by two lofty bay windows. Sir Isaac Newton again holds
the place of honour in the middle of the north wall, and among
the other portraits round the room are Bacon, Barrow, Bentley,
Chief Justice Coke, Cowley, and Dryden, also the present Master,
Dr. Thompson, by Herkomer ; but the gem of all is a painting by
Reynolds of the Duke of Gloucester when six years old. There are
two Combination Rooms south of the Hall, in which are a fine painting
of the Marquis of Granby leaning on a horse, by Reynolds the Duke of
;
the connected cloisters on the north and south sides, gives a covered
walk for a rainy day, an eighth of a mile in length.
The western elevation of the Library is simple, but towards the
court it is adorned with Ionic columns, surmounted by a balus-
trade on which stand four statues of Divinity, Law, Physic, and
Mathematics. The entrance is at the north end (pubhc admitted
between 2 and 3 p.m.) by a wide marble staircase. The room is
large, well-proportioned, and exceedingly beautiful ; lighted so perfectly
that the lofty bookcases of dark Norway oak seem to cast no shadow.
These are adorned with exquisite carvings in lime-wood by Gibbons ;
on the top of them are busts of ancient authors on the east side and
modern ones on the other, while underneath on pedestals all round the room
are busts of distinguished members of the College, including John Ray,
Coke, Barrow, Newton, Bentley, and Bacon, by Roubiliac and Tennyson,
;
valuable collection of the three, including copies of the first four folios
of Shakespeare, and many other rare books, secured by a wire netting
under lock and key. The tops of these cases are filled with curiosities of
various kinds, among which are a good collection of coins and some
beautiful illuminated manuscripts. Under a separate glass case is a
manuscript of several of Milton's poems, some in his own handwriting,
with the rough notes for *^ Paradise Lost," as first planned for a drama.
Any Undergraduate can borrow books from the Library, by obtaining an
order from his Tutor.
At the south-west corner of the great court is a passage leading
to Bishop's Hostel, also entered from Trinity Lane ; this small block,
forming three sides of a rectangle, was originally Gerard's or Garret
Hostel (which name still remains in the adjoining Garret Hostel Lane,
leading to Garret Hostel Bridge), but on being rebuilt by Hacket,
Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, in 1670, was renamed Bishop's Hostel.
It has been recently restored and a new block of rooms built round two
TRI— TR I 118
is the Fellows' garden or " Roundabout," so called from its circular path-
way ; south of this a public footpath, Burrell's Walk, leads to the College
cricket-ground. On the east side of Trinity Street, opposite the main
entrance of the College are two small courts built by Dr. Whewell, and
called from him the Master's Courts, running through to Sidney Street.
Lecturers in Classics,
Vice-Master.
J. M. Image, M.A.
Rev. Coutts Trotter, M.A. R. D. Hicks, M.A.
Tutors. J.P. Postgate, M.A.
Joseph Prior, M.A. H. C. Goodhart, M.A.
James Whitbread Lee Glaisher, Lecturers in Natural Science.
M.A., F.R.S.
Vincent Henry Stanton, M.A. J. N. Langley, M.A., F.R.S.
Richard Appleton, M.A. A. Sedgwick, M.A.
will also be given for the following value of a Sub-sizarship being about
subjects, in which candidates will not ;i^5o. Sub-sizars are usually elected at
be required to pass, viz., translation the Entrance Examination. Candidates
from other Greek and Latin authors, for Sizarships may be either Sub- sizars
also from French and German, Latin of the College, or persons under nineteen
Prose Composition, Algebra (beyond years of age not yet members of the
Quadratic Equations), Trigonometry University. The Examination is the
and Elementary Statics. Those who same as for the Scholarships. Sub-
distinguish themselves in the Minor sizars also, who distinguish themselves
Scholarship Examination, or who pro- in the College Examination in June,
duce a qualifying certificate from the are eligible to Sizarships as vacancies
Oxford and Cambridge Scholars' Ex- occur ; or they may receive, instead,
amination Board, may be excused the pecuniary rewards. Candidates for
Entrance Examination provided they Sizarships or Sub-sizarships must offer
apply sufficiently early. The Caution proofs of pecuniary need.
money, ;^I5 (for sizars jC^o), and the The next Scholarship Examination
admission fee, £$ (for sizars ;^2 i5j.)> will begin on December 10, 1885. About
have to be paid directly after the Entrance eighteen Major Scholarships, open to
Examination is passed, Undergraduates of the College or to
candidates (under nineteen) who are not
SCHOLARSHIPS, EXHIBITIONS, ETC.
yet resident members of the University,
The Scholarships are divided into
and seven or more Minor Scholarships
Major Scholarships (of which there are
and Exhibitions open to the latter class
at least seventy-four) and Minor Scholar-
only, besides Sizarships, will be offered
ships, of which about six are annually
for proficiency in Classics or Mathe-
offered. Ordinary Major Scholarships matics, or both, or Natural Sciences, or
are tenable for five-and-a-half years from
Moral Sciences ; the Moral Science
beginning of residence, and are worth
Scholarships will be open to any Under-
^looayear to a resident Undergraduate, graduate of the University who has
and £80 to a resident B.A. Major passed the Previous Examination, in-
or Minor Scholarships awarded before Can-
cluding the Additional subjects.
commencing residence are tenable for didates for any of these emoluments who
two years only, unless the tenure be are not already members of Trinity
prolonged by the Council, or the scholar College must send certificates of birth
be elected to an Ordinary Major Scholar-
and character to one of the Tutors
ship after commencing residence. En- before the end of November.
trance Major Scholarships are worth
£80, and Minor Scholarships £75 or
LECTURESHIPS.
;^5o a year. The BirkbeckLectureship in Eccle-
siastical History,in the gift of the
At the Scholarship Examinations,
Exhibitions of about ^4^ ^^^ awarded Council of this College, is tenable for
on the same conditions as the Minor two years, and the emoluments are
Scholarships, one at least (value £s^) about £^6. The Clark Lecturer in
being for Natural Science. There are English Literature from Chaucer to the
also about six Special Exhibitions for present time, is appointed for three
candidates from certain specified schools, years, with an annual stipend of >C300>
worth about;^4o; and three of £6 1 3^. 4^. is eligible for re-election, and is re-
each, for poor scholars, awarded from quired to deliver a course of not fewer
time to time. than twenty lectures in full term.
There are sixteen Sizars upon the FELLOWSHIPS.
foundation, who are entitled to com The ordinary Fellows {i.e., about
mons and allowances of the value of fifty-four out of the sixty) are chosen
more than £go per annum each, the from among Graduate members of the
;:;
person eminent for science or learning, the College. Also (4) Kugby Union,
not being a Master or Fellow of another The entrance fee to each is usually
College. Each Fellow (not being an 2s, 6d. , and annual subscription $s.
Honorary or Supernumerary Fellow) Lawn Tennis Club (Number of mem-
receives, besides rooms and commons, bers limited). —
Entrance fee, "js, 6d.i
a dividend not exceeding £250, or a subscription, ys. 6d, a year.
TRINITY HALL.
William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich, and a native of that city, in
1350 founded a College for the study of canon and civil law, and willed
that " the house which the said college should inhabit should be named
the hall of the Holy Trinity of Norwich." This foundation has retained
its old name of Trinity Hall, instead of adopting the style of " College/'
to distinguish it from Trinity College. (See Halls.)
1
TRI—TRI 122
123 TRI-TRr
Bursal'. degree ; they are at present sixteen ia
A. W. W. Dale, M.A. number, and vary in amount from ^21
Steward, to jf 70. The Scholarships are awarded
W. G. Bell. M.A. according to the results of the various
Librarian, College Examinations in Classics,
A. W. W. Dale. M.A. Mathematics, Law and History. The ,
—
Tripos. The strange genealogy of business transactions with its members.
Undergraduates will do well to take
the Cambridge term *' Tripos," as equi-
valent to
*
Honour Examination, " is
'
advantage of all openings to real friend-
ship with their College Tutor, who
traced by Mr. Christopher Wordsworth
should be regarded ifi loco parentis, as
in " Social Life in the English Uni-
versities in the Eighteenth Century,"
he is always quite prepared to hear and
advise in any case of difficulty presented
as follows:
to him. The Tutor himself does not
1. The B.A. who sits on a three-
necessarily lecture or teach. Private
legged stool to dispute with the
Tutors are called Coaches.
*' Father" in the Philosophy School
on Ash Wednesday, was called Mr.
Tripos, from that on which he sat. Tyrwhitt Hebrew Scholar-
2. The satirical speech made by him ships (one of ;f 30 and one of ;^20
was called the Tripos speech ; and for three years) are offered annually to
3. His humorous verses, distributed Bachelors, by Examination held in the
by the bedells, were called Tripos Easter Term.
verses.
4. His became obsolete in the
office D'ndergraduates(j^^ also Fresh-
last century and similar verses being
; —
men, and Reading). tjndergraduates
still circulated by authority, each sheet are those members of the University
of verses was called a " Tripos " or who have taken no degree (or gradus),
** Tripos Paper." have received, that is to say, no certifi-
5. On
the back of each sheet, after cate of learning from their Alma Mater.
the year 1748, a list of "Wranglers" The many elements that combine to
and *' Senior Optimes" or of * 'Junior form the Undergraduate cannot be en-
Optimes " was published. These lists larged upon here, nor need the dis
w^ere called the ' Triposes " or first and
'
tinctions between the Oxford and Cam-
second "Tripos lists" respectively. bridge Undergraduate be here discussed.
6. The Mathematical Examination, Suffice it to mention a few broad features
whose interest centred in this list, was of Undergraduate life at Cambridge,
called the Tripos. and to leave the development of cha-
7. —When other Honour Examina- racter out of this life to the speculation
tions were instituted, they were dis- of philosophers.
tinguished as the "Classical Tripos," The average Undergraduate gets up
etc.,from the "Mathematical Tripos." for breakfast between eight and nine,
125 UND— UNI
and is sometimes out before eight at roughly divided among the
of the men
his College Chapel. Lectures often three different years. This is the jonly
begin at nine, so that the virtue of common meal (except at the Hostels),
early rising is more or less involun- and is not made enough of from the
tary. The few who scramble out social point of view, it is too often
of bed straight into the leciure-room hurried over. The hour after Hall is
suffer from the postponement of break- most calming and delightful, to those at
fast and sow the seeds of future least who meet in small coteries in one
dyspepsia. The still fewer who miss another's rooms for wine and smoke,
lectures suffer from the severe censure or more often coffee and tobacco. Con-
of the authorities. Happy is the man versation flows smoothly and whist
who has but one lecture in the morn- often follows, but only for a rubber or
ing, for he then has time to get through two, not on into the night. Crack
some reading if so disposed, and to sit whist-players of course have their
down to lunch by one o'clock with an longer gatherings on certain nights, but
expanded conscience. This meal is the average man only is here con-
rarely later than two o'clock. It is sidered. About eight o'clock the man
sometimes the occasion for small who wishes to read goes to his rooms
hospitality, but is usually solitary and and solitude ; if it be Tuesday, many
simple. Breakfast is almost more often are off to the debate at the Union;
the meal chosen for a party, and by a and on Saturday most of the smaller
cruel custom, protested against so often societies, debating or otherwise, fore-
that it may probably one day die gather, as that is a general holiday
out, it then often consists of so many evening. The man who for any reason
courses as to require an hour's smoke is not disposed to read, will find many
after it, and the ruin of a morning's ways of spending the time ; he may
work besides. The afternoon is spent call on a similarly or not similarly dis-
in boating or other athleticism, or in posed person, or on a few evenings
walks over the much-abused country only during the term he will find the
round Cambridge. Those who walk far Theatre open, or a Concert or other
enough will find considerable variety entertainment at the Town Hall. The
in the peaceful villages and gentle hour of midnight is now nearly reached,
scenery, relievedby few hills it is true, when all are inside the walls if not in
but by many and above all by
trees, bed ; and here the curtain may be fitly
some of the finest skies and sunsets to drawn.
be seen in England. Such walks of —
course chiefly in pairs — are the times Union Society (Cambridge).
when men come to know one another — This Society is by far the largest and
more intimately than any other, and
at most important club in Cambridge.
are afterwards among the most remem- The building is behind the Round
bered events of Cambridge life. It is Church, and contains a large reading-
possible that athletic men miss some- room in which the debates are held ;
thing of this intimate one-and-one an excellent lending library of 18,000
intercourse, although they gain in the volumes, with writing, smoking, and
physical and the more widely sociable other rooms. Additional accommoda-
directions. Time before Hall is still tion has been provided by an extension
left for the papers at the Union. of the building begun in 1884. The
The hour of Hall varies generally from number of resident members is about
5 to 7 ; in the May Term the hour is 1,500, and there are over 8,000
often from 1.30 to 2.30 ; in some Col- honorary or life members. Meet
leges there is more than one dinner ings for debate are held every Tues-
hour, at Trinity there are three Halls, day during full term. Members may
«;:
UNI—VIC 126
debates ; but no members of the Uni- has been used for nearly 600 years by ;
versity who are not members of the the University for religious services, and
Union may be admitted to the strangers' formerly also for other proceedings, such \
gallery except at the first two debates as lectures and dramatic performances* i
in every term. Any member of the The present building was begun in 1478, I
University may join the Union, on the and the tower was finished in 1608, 1
proposal of one member thereof. The The nave is a good example of late Per- [
entrance fee is £i, and the subscription pendicular, and the bright effect of the \
j£i a term for nine terms, after which clerestory and oak roof is very pleasing, i
the member becomes a life member ; or The alabaster reredos and the chancel '
a composition of yCy los. may be paid walls are well carved. At the Uni- j
and Durham Union Societies, and of stalls are reserved for Heads of Houses, i
the Dublin ''College Historical So- Doctors, and Professors ; the nave for
ciety," may use the rooms and take part other members of the Senate ; the oak ;
in debates, but not in private business galleries and a few back seats for Bache- ,
degrees to those of its members who and the Sermon by one of the Select I
the University, or within the walls of etc. He takes care that all officers of ^
a College or Hostel. All members 'of the University properly perform their
j
the University must first become mem- duties ; and has power to punish per- 1
ject to the paramount laws of the Uni- Court [see DISCIPLINE). In conjunction \
versity, over their members. Each of with the Proctors, the Vice-Chancellor \
the Colleges and Hostels also provides has charge of the Common Chest, in '.
a kind of family life as well as instruc- which are kept the University Seal and :
tion, in addition to that given by the other valuables. For the performance \
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