Sources For National History Day
Sources For National History Day
Sources For National History Day
Primary Sources
25 May 2016.
Women’s views on abortion changed and people started to protest. Feminists got their
point across and drew in big rallies and crowds. Many people disagreed with them
because people wanted families and women to have babies. Some women didn’t want
children and wanted something to protect against pregnancies. This kind of impacted all
races and sexes. It affected women directly because they were the ones that getting the
abortions and contraceptives. Men that want or don’t want a family affected by this by
contraceptives.
the 20th century, women had few rights and no political power. The Declaration of
Independence (1776) states that “all men are created equal”. Referring to all white men.
This didn’t apply to men of color and women. The Constitution (1789) was written and
ratified by high social positioned white men. They were silent on women’s issues. The
“cult of domesticity” explained women’s roles in society. Women were wives and
mothers and shouldn’t involve themselves in public or political affairs. The women’s
movement is referred to the first wave of feminism. Both men and women contributed; it
Anthony, Susan B. "Susan B. Anthony Fights for Women's Suffrage, 1873." Gale U.S. History
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/NQGJZO865039895/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&
xid=3bbef432. Accessed 19 Dec. 2018. This is the trial of Susan B. Anthony, the
co-founder of the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869. She’s in trial because
she voted in the 1872 presidential election, it violated New York state law. She went to
trial in 1873.
Judge Hunt: The prisoner will stand up. Has the prisoner anything to say why sentence
Anthony: Yes, your honor, I have many things to say; for in your ordered verdict of
guilty, you have trampled underfoot, every vital principle of our government. My natural
rights, my civil rights, my political rights, are all alike ignored. Robbed of the
a subject; and not only myself individually, but all of my sex, are, by your honor's
Hunt: The Court can not listen to a rehearsal of arguments the prisoner's counsel has
Anthony: May it please your honor, I am not arguing the question, but simply stating the
reasons why sentence can not, in justice, be pronounced against me. Your denial of my
citizen's rights to vote is the denial of my right of consent as one of the governed, the
denial of my right of representation as one of the taxed, the denial of my right to a trial by
a jury of my peers as an offender against the law, therefore, the denial of my sacred rights
Anthony: Of all my prosecutors,…not one is my peer, but each and all are my political
sovereigns; and had your honor submitted my case to the jury, as was clearly your duty,
even then I should have had cause of protest, for not one those men was my peer; but,
native or foreign, white or black, rich or poor, educated or ignorant, awake or asleep,
sober or drunk, each and every man of them was political superior; hence, in no sense,
Hunt: The Court must insist—the prisoner has been tried according to the established
forms of law.
Anthony: Yes, your honor, but by forms of law all made by men, interpreted by men,
administered by men, in favor of men, and against women; and hence, your honor's
ordered verdict of guilty, against a United States citizen for the exercise of “that citizen's
right to vote,” simply because that citizen was a woman and not a man. But, yesterday,
the same man-made forms of law declared it a crime punishable with $1,000 fine and six
months' imprisonment, for you, or me, or any of us, to give a cup of cold water, a crust of
bread, or a night's shelter to a panting fugitive as he was tracking his way to Canada. And
every man or woman in whose veins caused a drop of human sympathy violated that
wicked law, reckless of consequences, and was justified in so doing. As then the slaves
who got their freedom [had to] take it over, or under, or through the unjust forms of law,
precisely so now must women, to get their right to a voice in this Government, take it;
and I have taken mine, and mean to take it at every possible opportunity.
Hunt: The Court orders the prisoner to sit down. It will not allow another word.
Anthony: When I was brought before your honor for trial, I hoped for a broad and liberal
interpretation of the Constitution and its recent amendments, that should declare all
United States citizens under its protecting aegis—that should declare equality of rights
the national guarantee to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. But failing
to get this justice—failing, even, to get a jury not of my peers—I ask not leniency at your
Hunt: The court must insist—The prisoner will stand up. The sentence of the Court is that
you pay a fine of one hundred dollars and the costs of the prosecution.
Anthony: May it please your honor, I shall never pay a dollar of your unjust penalty. All
Revolution—four years ago, the sole object of which was to educate all women to do
precisely as I have done, rebel against your man-made, unjust, unconstitutional forms of
law, that tax, fine, imprison, and hang women, while they deny them the right of
representation in the Government; and I shall work on with might and main to pay every
dollar of that honest debt, but not a penny shall go to this unjust claim. And I shall
earnestly and persistently continue to urge all women to the practical recognition of the
Hunt: Madam, the Court will not order you committed until the fine is paid.
By, J. C. (1923, Feb 18). FEMINISM AND FETID LITERATURE. New York Times
was defined as in the 20th century. Shows the difference between how we today view
feminism, and how people back then did.In the article, it says how women have been
protesting not being equal to men. This is a triumph and a tragedy.It is a triumph because
people and newspapers were noticing, which was good.It was a tragedy because they
were protesting, which is never good. Also, how feminism was defined was awful.
By, Betty F. "FEMINISM TAKES A NEW TURN." New York Times (1923-Current file), Nov
“equal opportunity employer”. His “executive assistant” was in her 20s or 30s and was
dressed for success. She was a “glorified secretary with a fancy title in a dead-end job:
The woman who she replaced had just been promoted to the position of ‘creative vice
president’”. The lady complained that the “creative vice president” was an early radical
feminist that never wanted children or to marry. Another woman in her third year of
Harvard Medical School becoming a surgeon said how she never wanted to “be a trapped
By, M. B. (1973, Dec 10). Many companies revising maternity leave policies. New York Times
up as a problem that the U.S. government and employers had to deal with. Women that
wanted to have children or had young children were the center of the problem. Pregnant
women must be granted leaves of absence when they are pregnant. They are entitled to
come back when their maternity leave is over without loss of seniority and other
benefits. Forcing a woman to quit because she is pregnant is illegal and considered
discrimination of sex under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1965. Women get
recognized that starting a family will not put their position at work in jeopardy. Women
can still discriminated against by their coworkers, especially by their male ones, that they
are able to leave just because they are having a baby. This act will not impact every
group of people, this really only affects females, or males if they are taking a paternity
leave.
2016.
Perkins Gilman (1860-1935). This photo was taken about 1900. American feminist,
Chilberg, Laura Colmenero. "New York Radical Women." American History, ABC-CLIO, 2018,
York Radical Women, 1967 through 1969 was the leading feminist organization during
the second wave of feminism. The organization is sometimes confused with the New
York Radical Feminists, also located in New York City.Radical feminists are different
moderate feminists.Moderate feminists sought to modify existing social and political
systems. New York Radical Women was started by a group of young friends in 1967,
Pam Allen, Shulamith Firestone, Ros Baxandall, Carol Hanisch, Patricia Mainardi, Robin
Morgan, Irene Peslikis, Kathie Sarachild, and Ellen Willis.The organization was inspired
by the ideology of the “New Left Movement”. New Leftists were liberal radicals that
opposed the “Establishment”: the traditional authority structures in America. New York
Radical Women found sexist attitudes of the male-dominated antiwar and civil rights
CRITICIZES WOMEN FOR FUN, SAYS SEE. (1924, Apr 04). New York Times (1923-Current
Manufacturer claims that females not having equal pay to men was “a yearly thing”. Says
how women fuss that not having equal to men is wrong. He thinks that it is the norm and
"The Degraded Status of Woman in the Bible." Family in Society: Essential Primary Sources,
edited by K. Lee Lerner, et al., Gale, 2006, pp. 246-250. U.S. History in Context,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2688300100/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&xid=e
603d4ee. Accessed 19 Dec. 2018. Back before America was created, the Bible was
created; a holy book for Christians. Throughout the book, women are degraded and are
treated badly. Many people detest this fact, and say that they were only really degraded in
the Old Testament, but there is some evidence that proves that women were degraded in
the New Testament. One letter from an apostle to a church proves my point:
"Wives, obey your husbands. If you would know anything, ask your husbands at home.
Let your women keep silence in the churches, with their heads covered. Let not your
women usurp authority over the man, for as Christ is the head of the church so is the man
the head of the woman. Man was prior in creation, the woman was of the man, therefore
In the Bible, women are an afterthought in creation. Women’s roles are to make babies,
to marry and to be property of her partner. She is forced into all these things; bound for
life.
"Equal Pay Act of 1963." Human and Civil Rights: Essential Primary Sources, edited by
Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner, et al., Gale, 2006, pp. 263-265. U.S. History in Context,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2560000102/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&xid=d
2feb236. Accessed 17 Dec. 2018. Soon after women started to get into the workforce,
they wanted equal pay. Sexism was, and still is alive in the workplace. Even though they
did the same amount of work, sexist employers paid men much more. Some people still
believed that men should be the “provider” for their family. While the wife, if she did
work, got paid lower than her husband. When women got paid the same amount as won,
women everywhere finally won. Even though equal pay was an amazing thing, women
got put down by their fellow male employees. Women of color got paid less than white
women; and they got paid a lot less than men in general; especially white men. Not every
ERA DEBATE, 1978. - A debate on Women's Rights at the University of Chicago. From left:
Phyllis Schlafly, Betty Wood, and Betty Friedan. Photographed 1978.. Fine Art.
GARDENER & PAUL, c1910. - American reformers and women's rights advocated Helen
Gardener (1853-1925) and Alice Paul (1885-1977). Photograph, c1910.. Fine Art.
and Alice Paul in 1910. They are American reformers and women’s rights advocates.
They were apart of the Suffrage Movement. Women didn’t have a lot of rights. Feminists
GERMANY HATES FEMINISM. (1917, Oct 14). New York Times (1857-1922)Retrieved from
Germany, that when claimed as feminists, strongly detest that fact; and accept the fact
that itself is masculinity is largely accepted. Herr Voechting wrote a book called “The
American Cult of Women”. Congratulated Germany on being safe from “the danger that
Grimké, Angelina. "Angelina Grimké Condemns Slavery, 1838." Gale U.S. History in Context,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/HWTNKQ522616086/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC
&xid=4caaa9ec. Accessed 19 Dec. 2018. Angelina Grimke was a former slave and also a
feminist. In the world at that time, there was still slavery and women had little to no
rights. Slaves were treated badly, especially if you were a women. People like Angelina
land of my birth, to entreat you to come up to this work. Especially, let me urge you to
petition. Men may settle this and other questions at the ballot-box, but you have no such
right. It is only through petitions that you can reach the legislature. It is, therefore,
peculiarly your duty to petition. Do you say, “It does no good!” The South already turns
pale at the number sent. They have read the reports of the proceedings of Congress and
they have seen that among other petitions were very many from the women of the North
on the subject of slavery. Men who hold the rod over slaves rule in the councils of the
nation; and they deny our right to petition and remonstrate against the abuses of our sex
and our kind. We have these rights, however, from our God. Only let us exercise them,
and, though often turned away unanswered, let us remember the influence of importunity
upon the unjust judge and act accordingly. The fact that the South looks jealousy upon
our measures shows that they are effectual. There is, therefore, no cause for doubting or
despair.”
“It was remarked in England that women did much to abolish slavery in her colonies. Nor
are they now idle. Numerous petitions from them have recently been presented to the
queen to abolish apprenticeship, with its cruelties, nearly equal to those of the system
whose place it supplies. One petition, two miles and a quarter long, has been presented.
And do you think these labors will be in vain? Let the history of the past answer. When
the women of these states send up to Congress such a petition our legislators will arise, as
did those of England, and say: “When all the maids and matrons of the land are knocking
at our doors we must legislate.” Let the zeal and love, the faith and works of our English
sisters quicken ours; that while the slaves continue to suffer, and when they shout for
a political journalist. Portrait of Sartre from a panel on the promotion Letters of the Ecole
Normale Supérieure, large school for training of teachers, - Ecole Normale Supérieure,
Paris, France.
Stopes, a British feminists. Made in 1933. Advocating for birth control or contraception.
"Married Women's Property Act of 1848." Family in Society: Essential Primary Sources, edited
by K. Lee Lerner, et al., Gale, 2006, pp. 225-228. U.S. History in Context,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2688300093/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&xid=0
88bbf70. Accessed 19 Dec. 2018. During the mid 19th century in the United States,
women were considered property, not an individual. Even if the women inherited land or
owned land, the land would go to her spouse, a male. When a woman was married, the
property (woman) would to be transferred from the father to the husband. As in that now
that person would own that property. In 1848, if a man died with land in his possession
and no will, the land would go to his widowed wife. The only property rights a woman
McBeath, Carter John. "Women's Rights Convention of 1851." American History, ABC-CLIO,
Sojourner Truth gave the famous “Ain’t I a Woman?” speech at the Women’s Rights
Convention on May 29, 1851. This event advocated for expanding women’s rights. Led
by Frances Dana Barker Gage in Arkon, Ohio. Gage reported that many men and
ministers were rude to the feminists. In Truth’s speech, she said how women were just as
capable as men to work, suffer and reason. For those reasons Truth said that they deserve
equal rights.
National Women’s Liberation Movement. Protest against the 1968 Miss America
Pageant. One of the well known demonstrations of feminist movements. The Miss
America Pageant believes that it sets false dreams and expectations for women. Triumph:
They got their point across. Tragedy: The Miss America Pageant still went on and didn’t
World War II, the Soviet Union was one of the world’s superpowers, with the United
States. The U.S. and the Soviet Union were rivals competing against each other. This was
known as the Cold War, 1947-1991. The U.S. needed men and women to help rise
against the Soviet Union. Women went to factories to help beat the Soviet Union. During
the 1950s and 60s, more women went to work just because the Soviet Union and the
"My Wife's Joined the Suffrage Movement" Postcard. Photograph. Britannica ImageQuest,
about how the man is now doing all the cleaning instead of the woman. Says how he’s
“suffered ever since” because now he’s doing the work. Showing that when women join
the Suffrage Movement, they make their husbands do all the housework.
New York, New York: August 26, 1971.Sign carrying feminists wave their calling cards as they
demonstrate inside Tom Brown's Bar, a male only establishment in Lower Manhattan..
protesting against a sexist, all male bar. In the 21st century there is not a lot of “male only
establishments” in America. Feminism has opened the eyes for millions of Americans,
men and women, to respect women and to involve women. The triumph of the story is
that feminists have impacted the generation after them to include women and not be
"The 1970s saw an influx of women elected or re-elected to the U.S. Congress, including (l-r):
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC2587187124/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&xid=a
5e9a1c1. Accessed 13 Dec. 2018. The 1970s saw a rise of women elected or re-elected to
the U.S. Congress. Left to right: Martha Griffiths, Shirley Chisholm, Elizabeth Holtzman,
Barbara Jordan, Yvonne Brathwaite Burke and Bella Abzug. Shows triumph because
more women were in higher positions. Shows tragedy because men were still
discriminating against them and trying to bring them down. This is still happening today.
Pro-Choice rally. Photography. Britannica ImageQuest, Encyclopædia Britannica, 25 May 2016.
31 Aug 2017.
"The Seneca Falls Convention, and the Birth of the Feminist Movement in America." The
Seneca Falls Convention, and the Birth of the Feminist Movement in America, 23 Aug.
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/ZRZWZN358641769/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&
xid=c0e05029. Accessed 19 Dec. 2018. Women not having a lot of rights sparked up
men and women to petition to go to lawmakers to demand more rights. It was only for
women, only women could come; but when men signed up, they did not refuse. Things
that were happening in women’s everyday lives is what caused more and more women to
demand more rights. Women were getting harrased, taken control of and not valued
everyday.
2016.
picture shows Simone de Beauvoir and her fellow feminists sitting down and some
standing up. Beauvoir is the 6th one, in the front row. Even though these ladies have had
fails and defeats, they were triumphant while taking this photo, and in the end. Simone de
Beauvoir and some other feminists in high school. They are authors, philosophers, poets,
and reformers.
2016.
author and feminist, Simone de Beauvoir, known a lifelong association with Jean-Paul
Sartre.
"Simone De Beauvoir: Quote on Literature." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society,
2018.
"Simone De Beauvoir: Quote on Women and Inequality." World at War: Understanding Conflict
Accessed 30 Nov. 2018. Quote: "It is not the inferiority of women that has caused their
historical insignificance; it is rather their historical insignificance that has doomed them
to inferiority."
Simone de Beauvoir explains how lower status of women has not caused historical
insignifiance, the historical significance has caused a lower status of women socially. A
reason why women would want to be on the same status as men because they were not
"Simone De Beauvoir: Quote Sexism." World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society,
2018. Quote: "No one is more arrogant toward women, more aggressive or scornful, than
Tells that no one is more arrogant, aggressive or unworthy than a man who boast about
himself. Shows how sexism pushed women to have equal rights. One of the many
25 May 2016.
Sojourner Truth, African American abolitionist and champion of women's rights. Born into
slavery as Isabella Baumfree (1797-1883) she escaped to freedom in 1826. Changed her
2016.
was an African American abolitionist and a former slave. She fought for equal rights for
women. She believed that women could do as much as men, and even more; that’s why
they wanted them to be equal. She was one of the most influential women in the first
wave of feminism.
SUFFRAGE PARADE, c1915. - A Women's Rights advocate in a streetcar advertising the Susan
2016.
TALK ON FEMINISM STIRS GREAT CROWD. (1914, Feb 18). New York Times (1857-1922)
For Women, Speakers Agree, Is Goal of the Movement”-Title. Twelve speakers answer
the question of “What is feminism?”. More men than women in the audience. Quote said
at meeting: “some fight, some fate, some fun” by Rose Young. That what she said
feminism was to her. Edwin Bjorkman said that feminism was “that woman shall have
31 Aug 2017.
WOMEN'S RIGHTS MOVEMENT. - A satirical view of the women's rights movement from an
WOMEN'S RIGHTS PARADE, 1913. A women's rights parade in New York City, 3 May 1913..
women marching to get the same rights as men. Women didn’t have much independence
from men and wanted to break free.They were being harrassed and couldn’t really talk or
do anything about it. So they marched for their right. In Manhattan Women’s Rights
"Women's Suffrage Pioneers." Gale U.S. History in Context, Gale, 2013. U.S. History in
Context,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/XLSRGD690098263/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&
significant figures in women’s suffrage. By 1920, the 19th Amendment was ratified, it
granted women the right to vote. From left to right: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B.
Anthony and Lucretia Mott. This was a big triumph for women because all their life they
weren’t given the right to vote. Now getting that right is amazing.
Women Take To The Streets Demanding Equality In Iraq. Photographer. Britannica ImageQuest,
Secondary Sources
American feminists because of her fearlessness and poetic gifts. Audre Lorde was the
leading poet after World War II. Lorde explored in her work her difficulty with sexuality
and her personal battle with cancer. Her first poetry, “The First Cities” was published in
1968. Some of her most notable poems are “American Cancer Society”, “The Brown
Menace or Poem to the Survival of Roaches” and “There is More Than One Way to Skin
Avila, Rolando. "Bill of Rights for Women (1967)." American History, ABC-CLIO, 2018,
Organization for Women (NOW) drew up the bill in Washington D.C. in 1967 which
outlined the eight lines for the movement. Even though the Civil Rights Act of 1964
banned discrimination of race and sex, the lack of enforcement made NOW leaders
establish the eight goals. Goal #1 called for Congress to “immediately” pass the Equal
Rights Act (ERA) which was ensure equal law under the basis of sex. Goal #2 banned
sex discrimination in employment. Goal #3 demanded maternity leaves rights and social
security rights. Goal #4 called for a revision of tax laws to grant tax deductions for child
care and home expenses for working parents. Goal #5 demanded public facilities for
young children. Goal #6 demanded that women should be able to reach their full potential
schools, professional schools and fellowships. Goal #7 demanded equal job training
opportunities and equal house allowances for both sexes. Goal #8 demanded the right of
women to have control other their reproduction. This goal wanted removal of laws that
abortions. Shows triumph because these feminists have worked hard and protested for the
rights same as a man. Shows tragedy because it took this long to get these rights.
"Beauvoir, Simone De: Introduction." 20th Century, Authors (A-G), edited by Jessica Bomarito
and Jeffrey W. Hunter, Detroit, Gale, 2005, pp. 125-26. U.S. History in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3441600359/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&xid=72b8f9
c9. Accessed 30 Nov. 2018. Simone de Beauvoir wrote the “Second Sex”, it had a wide
range of women being the second class and status throughout history. She addressed
women’s social, economic, and political status. She defined the meaning of womanhood.
"Beauvoir's The Second Sex Anticipates the Women's Movement, June, 1949-November, 1949."
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/BT2359070248/WHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=WHIC&xid=
6cdb58e3. Accessed 17 Dec. 2018. Simone de Beauvoir’s “The Second Sex” portrayed
women as unequal and second-class citizens. It took ten years for the book’s controversy
to die down. Many more women started to realize things because of this book. Many
women started to protest and speak up about what was going on around them Beauvoir
started doing interviews about the book. Classes about women place in society started to
pop up and women were getting more involved. With this book, the second wave of
"Black Feminism in the United States." Encyclopedia of Race and Racism, edited by John
Hartwell Moore, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, pp. 198-200. U.S. History in
Context,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2831200066/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&xid=5
3d32e3b. Accessed 29 Nov. 2018. Race and gender were still not equal. As people were
trying to including gender, they were not including race. Black women were shown as
“masculine and sexualized”. Black feminism gave to black nationalism, even with its
gender problem.
Blum, Edward J. America in the World, 1776 to the Present: A Supplement to the Dictionary of
American History. Farmington Hills, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2016. U.S. History in
Context. This source shows how women were treated before they took at stand. This
shows what triggered women to come together and get the rights that they needed and
wanted for so long. This article supports tragedy because not having independence for
women was a tragedy. Feminist also had loses along the way to independence. The
Hillstrom, Laurie Collier. "Sexual Harassment of Women in the Workplace." American History,
Dec. 2018. Title VII of the Civil Rights of 1964 created equal participation for women in
doors for new job opportunities. The percentage of women working doubled in next years
of this law passing. From 14% in 1966 to 27% in 1972. Women were subjected sexual
innuendos, lewd behavior, pinching, groping, propositions and coercions in the late 1960s
and early 1970s by men. Male dominance and female subordination was, and still in a
typical American workplace. Shows triumph because more women were going out and
getting a job so they could make money and rise up in a society that felt like women were
not valued as much as men. Shows tragedy because now women were getting harassed in
another place. They still weren’t given the respect that they have worked hard to earn.
Newman, Jason. "Women in the Workplace." American History, ABC-CLIO, 2018,
United States evolved as a capitalist society, the role of women shifted overtime. By the
end of the 19th century, women started working in factories. ¼ of the 100,000 women
working in New York City, were in the manufacturing section by 1860. ⅔ of women
industrial laborers worked in clothing trade. 10% of white women had paying jobs in
1860.During the Civil War, women on both sides had dangerous, like spies. Wealthy and
2018.
"The 1970s: Lifestyles and Social Trends: Overview." American Decades, edited by Judith S.
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3468302751/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&xid=b
fc89552. Accessed 13 Dec. 2018. Most controversial aspect of the 1970s. The New Left
and student movements demanded a participatory democracy and change to the status
quo. The 70s offered “the politics of empathy”. Less confrontational society and a more
equal rights and rights to having abortions. Feminism was blamed for permissiveness and
the creation of poor workforce. Resulted in the Soviet Union advancing pass the United
States.
Darity, Jr., 2nd ed., vol. 7, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, pp. 327-328. U.S. History in
Context,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3045302334/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&xid=6
fcf8aa5. Accessed 10 Dec. 2018. Jean-Paul Sartre was born was born in Paris on June 13,
1905. Died on April 15, 1980.Studied philosophy.Sartre was a prisoner of war in World
War II from 1940 to 1941. Sartre was a celebrity at the end of World War II. He fought
protested against the Vietnam War.He joined the strikers movement of the late 1960s.
wave of feminism. First wave of feminism: A Nation in Upheaval 1954-1975. First wave
of feminism was the original movement that promoted equality of women to men. Later
half of 19th century to to early 20th century. First wave feminists advocated for political
rights, women’s suffrage movement (the forefront of their efforts), and female access to
education. The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. The 19th amendment
brought the first wave of feminism to a end. After a lot of protests, they finally got the
Ideas, edited by Maryanne Cline Horowitz, vol. 4, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, pp.
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3424300586/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&xid=8
d35ceee. Accessed 6 Dec. 2018. The term “feminism” is used to reference social
movements. The “Second Sex” by Simone de Beauvoir is one of the first lived
like they were inferior to men. Women as being “other”. Beauvoir’s philosophical
insights are shown in her phrase, “One is not born a woman: one becomes a woman.”
"Women and Civil Rights Struggles." Civil Rights in the United States, edited by Waldo E.
Martin, Jr. and Patricia Sullivan, New York, Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. U.S.
History in Context,
link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/BT2338231250/UHIC?u=aacpsm&sid=UHIC&xid=c10ef4
58. Accessed 29 Nov. 2018. It shows how women were treated before they decided to
stand up for themselves. Shows how each race of women stood up for themselves and
others. Shows what they did with that power. It connects to triumph because they show
how women overcome their struggles. It connects to tragedy because women not having