AMST1
AMST1
AMST1
INTRODUCTION
Performance of an engine means the efficiency and power
obtainable, when an engine is operated at different value of
variables within their operating range.
ENGINE EFFICIENCIES
Various engine efficiencies are given below;
Air standard efficiency
Brake thermal efficiency
Indicated thermal efficiency
Mechanical efficiency
Relative efficiency
Scavenging efficiency
Charge efficiency
Combustion efficiency
Indicated Power
The indicated power is the power actually developed inside the
engine cylinder. It is measured with the help of an indicator
diagram obtained from an instrument known as indicator.
cycles/s
pim LAnK
ip kW
60000
Morse Test
This test is used to find out the indicated power developed from
each of the cylinders in multi cylinder internal combustion engine
without the aid of indicator diagram.
Assuming F1, F2, F3, and F4 are the frictional power of each
cylinder, the total indicated power is given by
I = I1+I2+I3+I4 and
Brake Power
The brake power bp is the useful power available at the
crankshaft. The bp is usually measured by attaching a power
absorption device to the drive shaft of the engine.
Such a device sets up measurable counteracting the forces
delivered by the engine, and the determined value of these
measured forces is indicative of the forces being delivered.
2RFN
Accordingly bp kW
60 1000
If the bubbles are formed before or inside the flow meter the
measured flow can be much higher than actual.
Volumetric Type
Burette Method
Gravimetric Type
The efficiency of an engine is generally related to kilograms of fuel
which are consumed and not to the number of litres.
The method of measuring volume flow and then correcting it for
specific gravity variations is quite inconvenient and inaccurate.
The fuel from tank is supplied to the flask by opening valves A & B
whenever measurement of the fuel is to be done. On the balance the
amount of fuel is weighed.
Keeping the valve B open the valve A is closed so that the fuel from
the flask is siphoned off to the engine.
Air Consumption
The diet of an engine consists of air and fuel. For finding out the
performance of the engine accurate measurement of both the
quantities is essential.
Mechanical Efficiency
It is the ratio of brake power to indicated power.
B.P.
m
I .P.
Relative Efficiency
The relative efficiency or efficiency ratio is defined as the ratio of
actual efficiency to air standard efficiency.
Actual Efficiency
r
Air S tan dard Efficiency
Volumetric Efficiency
The volumetric efficiency of a naturally aspirated engine is
defined as the ratio of the volume of the charge inducted at
atmospheric surrounding the engine to the piston displacement.
Charge Efficiency
The charge efficiency shows how well the piston displacement of a
four stroke engine is utilized. Various factors affecting charge
efficiency are
Compression ratio
Timing of the engine
Resistance offered to air fuel charge during its passage
through induction manifold.
Combustion Efficiency
The combustion efficiency is the ratio of heat generated to the
calorific value of fuel. The amount of heat generated is less than
the theoretical value because of incomplete combustion either due
to dissociation or due to lack of available oxygen.
Scavenging Efficiency
In case of two stroke engines scavenging efficiency is defined is
defined as the ratio of the amount of air or gas-air mixture, which
remains in the cylinder, at the actual beginning of the
compression to the product of the total volume and air density of
the inlet.
The ratio of actual fuel air ratio to stoichiometric fuel air ratio is
called equivalence ratio and denoted by φ. Thus φ = 1 means
stoichiometric (chemically correct) mixture, φ < 1 means lean
mixture and φ > 1 means rich mixture.
Fuel consumption and bsfc is plotted against the engine speed, for
the same engine operating under the same conditions as shown in
Figure 5.4. The quantity of fuel increases with engine speed.
The bsfc, on the other hand, drops as the speed is increased
in the low speed range, nearly levels off at medium speeds, and
increases in the high speed range.