Class 10 - MTG - Rephrased - Life Processes
Class 10 - MTG - Rephrased - Life Processes
Class 10 - MTG - Rephrased - Life Processes
Solution: (C)
The kidney is the major organ of the excretory system which is involved in the removal of harmful waste
material from the body. There are numerous filtration units, called nephrons, present in the kidneys
which filter the blood carrying waste. The waste is concentrated and removed as urine.
Solution: (A)
Xylem is a vascular tissue found in higher plants which transports water and minerals absorbed by the
roots to different parts of plants.
(B) water
(C) sunlight
Solution: (D)
Photosynthesis is carried out in autotrophic organisms. It is the process through which these organisms
prepare their food in the form of glucose which is stored as starch. For the photosynthetic reaction,
carbon dioxide and water serve as the reactants while sunlight is essential to carry out the reaction.
(A) chlorophyll
Solution: (D)
Photosynthesis is carried out in autotrophic organisms. It is the process through which these organisms
prepare their food in the form of glucose which is stored as starch. For the photosynthetic reaction,
carbon dioxide and water serve as the reactants while sunlight is essential to carry out the reaction.
Solution: (D)
Photosynthesis is carried out in autotrophic organisms. It is the process through which these organisms
prepare their food in the form of glucose which is stored as starch. For the photosynthetic reaction,
carbon dioxide and water serve as the reactants while sunlight is essential to carry out the reaction.
Light energy is captured by chlorophyll present in the leaf. Roots take up water and minerals from the
soil which is transported through the xylem to stem and finally to the leaves where it is distributed in
the mesophyll tissue. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enters the leaf by diffusion through stomata.
The overall chemical equation of this process is :
(A) glycogen
(B) protein
(C) starch
(D) glucose
Solution: (C)
Autotrophic organisms prepare their food in the form of glucose through the process of photosynthesis.
The unutilized glucose is converted and stored in plants as starch.
Solution: (A)
Blood pressure is the pressure exerted due to the blood flow through the major arteries of the body.
120
Normal blood pressure for an adult human is 80
𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔. 120mm represents the systolic blood pressure
while the lower number, 80 mm, represents the diastolic blood pressure.
(A) 32
(B) 28
(C) 20
(D) 12
Solution(C)
A child has deciduous teeth which are called milk teeth which are 20 in number (10 in each jaw). Milk
teeth are smaller, weaker and temporary. They are shed and replaced by permanent teeth during 6-12
years of age.
(A) Sublingual
(B) Lacrimal
(C) Submaxillary
(D) Parotid
Solution: (B)
Lacrimal gland, also known as tear gland, is present in the eyelids of humans. It produces a fluid,
commonly called tear, which cleans and lubricates the exposed surface of the eyes. Sublingual,
submaxillary and parotid are three salivary glands found in the buccal cavity.
10. Which of the following is responsible for movement of food through the oesophagus?
Solution: (B)
Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles of alimentary canal. It is responsible for
the controlled movement of food through the alimentary canal. Food in oesophagus also moves due to
the peristaltic movement.
Solution: (A)
Gastric hydrochloric acid makes the medium acidic in stomach. This is essential for the action of gastric
enzymes. It also activates the pepsin enzyme by converting the inactive form propepsin to the active
pepsin. It also kills the pathogens which might enter the body through food.
12. Digestion of which of the following substances occur primarily in the stomach?
(A) Carbohydrates
(B) Proteins
(C) Fats
(D) Vitamins
Solution: (B)
The stomach mechanically breakdown the food by churning movements into thick pulpy mass called
chyme. Gastric juice is secreted by the gastric glands in the wall of stomach. It contains mucus,
hydrochloric acid and enzyme pepsin which breaks the proteins into smaller amino acid chains. These
amino acid chains (polypeptides) are then broken down into free amino acids in the small intestine.
(C) Liver
(D) Spleen
Solution: (C)
Liver is the largest gland of human body. It is a digestive gland that secretes bile juice containing bile
salts and bile pigments. Bile juice is stored in gall bladder and is carried to the duodenum by common
bile duct. Bile juice helps in digestion of fats.
Solution: (B)
Respiration is a catabolic process which involves the oxidation of digested food (in the form of glucose)
within the cells to produce energy. The energy released is temporarily stored as ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate) molecules which are also called the energy currency of a cell.
15. In anaerobic respiration, the number of molecules of ATP generated from one molecule of glucose is
(A) 36
(B) 2
(C) 32
(D) 6
Solution: (B)
When glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration. In anaerobic
respiration, one molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate). This
reaction generates two molecules of ATP. Pyruvate is then broken further but it does not produce any
ATP. Hence, net energy production in anaerobic respiration is 2 molecules of ATPs.
16. In aerobic respiration, the number of ATP molecules generated from one glucose molecule is
(A) 38
(B) 30
(C) 36
(D) 2
Solution: (A)
During aerobic respiration, glucose is completely broken down. into carbon dioxide and water by the
process of oxidation and a large amount of energy is produced in the form of 38 ATP molecules.
Solution: (D)
During inspiration (breathing in), air enters the respiratory system through the nostrils and moves
through pharynx, larynx and trachea to finally reach the alveoli. In alveoli, the exchange of gases occurs
through diffusion.
(A) 5 𝑐𝑐
(B) 6 𝑐𝑐
(C) 2.5 𝑐𝑐
(D) 1 𝑐𝑐
Solution: (C)
Small intestine is a part of the alimentary canal and plays a major role in complete digestion of food. It is
a coiled long narrow tube spanning about 6 𝑚 in length and has a diameter of about 2.5 𝑐𝑚. It consists
of duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
19. Entry of food into the windpipe is prevented by a flap like structure called
(A) epiglottis
(B) glottis
Solution: (A)
Epiglottis is a flexible flap of cartilaginous structure in mammals. It is attached to the wall of the pharynx
near the base of the tongue. During swallowing of food, it covers the the opening to the respiratory tract
and hence helps to prevent food from entering the windpipe (trachea).
20. Main function of __________ is the transport of water and minerals in plants.
(A) Phloem
(B) Xylem
(D) Cambium
Solution: (B)
Xylem is a vascular tissue found in higher plants which transports water and minerals absorbed by the
roots to different parts of plants. It consists of hollow vessels that are formed from cells (vessel
elements) joined end to end. The end walls of the vessel elements are perforated to allow the passage
of water.
21. Which of the following directly impacts the opening and closing of stomata?
(D) sunlight
Solution: (B)
Stomata are pores found largely in the epidermis of leaves, especially on the under surface of leaves and
young green stems. Stomata serve as the site of gaseous exchange between the plant and the
atmosphere. Each stoma is bordered by two guard cells, whose shape changes due to turgor pressure,
controlling the size of the aperture and hence results in its opening and closing.
(A) pleura
(B) bronchi
(C) pericardium
(D) none of these
Solution: (A)
Pleura is the double walled membrane that surrounds the lungs in humans. It spans through the entire
surface of each lung.
(A) phloem
(B) xylem
(C) cortex
(D) pith
Solution: (A)
The food prepared by the leaves through photosynthesis is transported to various parts of the plant for
the purpose of storage or consumption. This done through phloem and the process is known as
translocation.
24. Which of the following refers to the maintenance of proper amount of water and ionic balance in the
body?
(A) osmoregulation
(B) excretion
(C) dehydration
(D) homeostasis
Solution: (A)
Osmoregulation is a process that maintains a constant osmotic condition in the body by regulating the
water content and solute concentration of body fluids, particularly of sodium, potassium and chloride
ions. It is important for the proper functioning of the cells.
(A) muscles
(B) vessels
(C) heart
(D) skeleton
Solution: (B)
In closed circulatory system which is found in larger animals, the blood flows in vessels. The vessels
contain a series of one-way valves to maintain a unidirectional flow of blood.
26. Veins contain valves which prevent the backflow of blood during
Solution: (A)
Veins are thin walled blood vessels which collect the deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins) from
the body cells and take it back to the heart. They are wider and can hold more blood than the arteries
but this causes the blood to flow under low pressure. Hence, valves are necessary to prevent the
backflow of blood.
(A) Artery
(B) Arteriole
(C) Capillary
(D) Vein
Solution: (C)
Capillaries are thin walled and extremely narrow blood vessels. They are found at the terminals of artery
and vein. Their wall consists of endothelium only. They are the connecting link between arteries and
veins.
28. __________________ is an irregular groove which externally demarcates atria from ventricles.
Solution: (A)
Coronary sulcus externally demarcates atria from ventricles. It is an irregular groove. Atrioventricular
septum demarcates the atria and ventricles internally.
(B) ammonia
(D) urea
Solution: (D)
Ureotelic animals are the animals that excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of urea. Most terrestrial
animals are ureotelic in nature such as mammals. These animals convert ammonium ions (formed
during the breakdown of amino acids) into urea.
30. The blood vessel carrying the blood into Bowman’s capsule is
Solution: (A)
Bowman’s capsule is the cup-shaped end of the kidney tubule which encloses glomerulus, a tangled
mass of blood capillaries. Blood enters into glomerulus through afferent arteriole and leaves it through
efferent arteriole.
31. Which of the following organ has nephron as the functional unit?
(A) liver
(B) brain
(C) kidney
(D) bladder
Solution: (C)
Kidney, the major excretory organ of the human body is made of millions of nephrons. A nephron is the
functional unit of the kidney. It is involved in the production of urine by removing waste and excess
substances from the blood.
(A) RBCs
(B) WBCs
(C) platelets
(D) plasma
Solution: (C)
Platelets present in the blood circulates throughout the body and at the site of injury, these cells form a
mesh-like structure which acts as a plug or clot at the site of injury, thus prevents further blood loss.
There are about 250,000 platelets per cubic millimeter of blood.
(A) Lymph
(B) Blood
(C) Serum
(D) Plasma
Solution: (A)
Lymph, white connective tissue is colorless and contains lymphocyte cells. The lymph collects digested
and absorbed fat from the intestine and drains excess fluid from extracellular space into the blood.
(A) hemocytometer
(B) haemometer
(C) sphygmomanometer
(D) stethoscope
Solution: (C)
35. Which part of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
Solution: (B)
Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters the thin-walled upper chamber of the heart on the left, the left
atrium.
(A) pericardium
(B) perichondrium
(C) periosteum
(D) pleura
Solution: (A)
The pericardium is a double-layered sac which encloses the heart. It is made of an outer non-distensible
fibrous layer and an inner serous layer. In between the two layers, there is a very narrow space, called
the pericardial cavity, which is filled with pericardial fluid.
37. Tubes extending between the kidneys and urinary bladder are
(A) ureters
(C) urethra
(D) esophagus
Solution: (A)
The urine produced in the kidney flows into the urinary bladder via ureter.
38. Which of the following process is used to treat cases like renal failure and uremia?
(B) Lithotripsy
(C) Haemodialysis
Solution: (C)
During renal failure, the body develops a condition called uremia which means urea in the blood. In such
conditions, the patient undergoes haemodialysis, where the excess urea from blood is removed.
Haemodialysis is an efficient method of artificially removing waste products and extra fluid, which build
up in the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to function.
39. ____ activates chlorophyll.
(A) water
(B) light
(C) soil
(D) 𝐶𝑂2
Solution: (B)
𝐶ℎ𝑙 ∗ → 𝐶ℎ𝑙 ∗ + 𝑒 −
This leads to photolysis (splitting) of water
As a result of this, O2 is released.
𝑂𝐻 − ions being unstable recombine to form water and oxygen and release electrons.
4𝐻2 𝑂 𝑐ℎ𝑙 → 4𝐻 + + 4𝑂𝐻 −
Thus, 𝑂2 given out during photosynthesis comes from the 𝐻2 𝑂 absorbed from the soil.
40. The process in which water splits during photosynthesis is called
(A) hydrolysis
(B) plasmolysis
(C) photolysis
Solution: (C)
Solution: (A)
Chlorophylls are present in chloroplasts, a cell organelle present in plants. The chloroplast is enclosed by
a double-layer membrane and the centre of the choloroplast is filled with the matrix. In this matrix, a
stack of thylakoids collectively known as grana is present. These thylakoids contain the chlorophyll that
is essential for the plant to undergo photosynthesis.
(A) intracellular
(B) intercellular
(C) incomplete
Solution: (B)
Digestion happens in the alimentary canal that runs from mouth to large intestine via the stomach and
small intestine. Digestion within this tract is called as intercellular digestion.
43. When teeth are different in shape, size and function, then these are called
(A) heterodont
(B) thecodont
(C) homodont
(D) diphyodont
Solution: (A)
e.g., humans have four types of teeth canines, incisors, molars and premolars.
Solution: (C)
Dentin or dentine is a layer of material that lies immediately underneath the enamel of the tooth.
Solution: (C)
Amylolytic enzymes are produced by the salivary glands and pancreas. The salivary glands produce an
alpha-amylase called ptyalin and pancreas produces pancreatic amylase.
46. The main function of the lacteals of the intestine is the absorption of
Solution: (C)
Lacteals are the lymphatic vessels of the small intestine which absorbs digested fats.
(A) Duodenum
(B) Jejunum
(C) Colon
(D) Ileum
Solution: (A)
Duodenum, the first section of the small intestine of humans is where the food from the stomach is
subjected to the action of bile (from the bile duct) and pancreatic enzymes (from the pancreatic duct) as
well as the enzymes secreted by digestive glands in the duodenum.
(A) mitochondria
(D) yeast
Solution: (C)
Conversion of glucose to pyruvate is the initial step of respiration. Glycolysis occurs in both aerobic and
anaerobic respiration. It occurs in the cytosol. The series of biochemical reactions in which glucose is
broken down to pyruvate with the release of usable energy in the form of ATP is called glycolysis. In it,
one molecule of glucose undergoes two phosphorylation reactions and is then split to form two triose-
phosphate molecules. Each of these is converted to pyruvate (pyruvic acid).
(A) twice
(B) thrice
(C) once
(D) 4 times
Solution: (A)
Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule derived from ATP. It happens
twice during glycolysis:
Solution: (B)
51. The narrowest and most numerous tubes of lungs are termed as
(A) bronchus
(B) bronchioles
(C) alveoli
Solution: (B)
Bronchiole is a fine respiratory tube in the lungs of reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is formed by the
subdivision of a bronchus.
52. Volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath is called
Solution: (A)
Tidal volume is the volume of air taken in or expelled by an animal breathing normally at rest during
each respiratory cycle. The average human has a tidal volume of approximately 500 𝑚𝐿.
(A) arched
(B) flattened
(D) perforated
Solution: (A)
Expiration (exhalation) is the process by which gas is expelled from the lungs. In mammals, the volume
of the thoracic cavity is reduced by relaxation of intercostal muscles and relaxation of the muscles of the
diaphragm so that it becomes arched assisted by upward pressure of the abdominal organs.
(B) alcohol
(C) glucose
Solution: (A)
Due to less or non availability of oxygen pyruvic acid molecules formed after glycolysis instead of
entering Kreb’s cycle reduces to lactic acid. Lactic acid formation leads to muscle fatigue. This mainly
occurs during the course of exercise.
55. Osmosis is the movement of
(A) solute particles from lower concentration to higher concentration through a semipermeable
membrane
(B) solvent particles from higher water potential to lower water potential through a semipermeable
membrane
(C) solute particles from higher concentration to lower concentration through a semipermeable
membrane
(D) solvent particles from lower water potential to higher water potential
Solution: (B)
Osmosis is the flow of solvent molecules from the region of higher water potential to the region of lower
water potential through a semipermeable membrane. The osmotic entry of water (solvent) into a cell,
organ or system is called endosmosis while the osmotic withdrawal of water from the same is described
as exosmosis.
56. The phenomenon of uptake of water at the expense of energy by the cell and usually against the
osmotic gradient is known as
(C) osmosis
(D) diffusion
Solution: (A)
Solution: (A)
The absorption of water mainly takes place in the terminal ends of the roots but occurs maximum in the
area of root hair (1-10 cm behind the root tip). A root hair contains cell sap which has higher
concentration of salts as compared to the soil water. Hence the root hair cells absorb water from soil by
endosmosis.
58. Which of the following contributes most to transport of water from the ground to the leaves of a tall
tree?
Solution: (C)
Water molecules have high cohesion and adhesion forces acting between them thus, a continuous
column of water is formed in the xylem. Transpiration i.e., evaporation of water molecules from the cells
of the leaf creates a suction force (transpiration pull) which pulls water from xylem cells. To maintain the
continuous water column due to cohesion forces water is absorbed from the soil.
Solution: (C)
Arteries are the thick walled blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart for distribution to the
body. Arteries carry highly oxygenated blood but it is not their universal feature as pulmonary artery
carries deoxygenated blood to lungs (away from heart).
Solution: (C)
Solution: (C)
Contractile vacuole is a membrane surrounded cavity in a cell that periodically expands, filling with
water, and then suddenly contracts, expelling its contents to the cell’s exterior. It is thus an organ of
osmoregulation and excretion. Contractile vacuoles are common in freshwater sponges It works as
similar as kidney in humans.
(A) afferent arteriole has less diameter than the efferent arteriole
(B) afferent arteriole has more diameter than the efferent arteriole
Solution: (B)
The efferent arteriole has narrower lumen (lesser diameter) than that of afferent arteriole. The
glomerular capillaries are also narrower than afferent arteriole thus blood pressure in glomerular
capillaries becomes very high so that there is a continuous process of ultrafiltration (filtration under
pressure) due to pressure gradient between blood and filtrate in Bowman’s capsule.
Solution: (B)
Urine formation begins with the filtration of blood through the epithelial walls of the glomerulus and
Bowman’s capsule. The fluid portion of the blood, which consists of water, urea, ions, nutrients and
small proteins, is able to move across the capillary wall. Blood cells and larger proteins, however, cannot
cross and are retained in the blood.
65. Which of the following is the site of complete digestion of food in humans?
(A) Stomach
(B) Small Intestine
(C) Large Intestine
(D) Buccal Cavity
Solution: (B)
The digestion of all components of food- proteins, fats and carbohydrates is completed in small intestine.
66. Choose the correct pair of a food component and their end products after digestion-
Solution: (D)
Proteins upon action of digestive enzymes break into amino acids. Similarly, end products of
carbohydrates and fats are as follows-
Solution: (D)
Photosynthesis begins with absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll molecules. This light energy absorbed is
then converted into chemical energy while splitting the water molecule. This leads to reduction of carbon
dioxide into carbohydrates.
72. Which of the following statements are true with respect to ‘Peristaltic movement’? Select all that
apply
(A) Peristaltic movement is exclusively found in the alimentary canal in human body
(B) Peristaltic movement is a wave of contraction brought about by the muscles lining the alimentary
canal
(C) Peristaltic movement also occurs in Trachea
(D) Peristaltic movement helps regulate the movement of food so that it is processed properly
Solution: (A) (B) and (D)
Trachea is made up of cartilaginous rings which maintain unobstructed flow of air. Hence, peristaltic
movement is not required.