Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica U.P. Ticomán

Design of air-jet engine elements

Memory calculation: Turboprop

Group: 8AV2

Martínez Romero Luis Alberto

 Input data
SHP 950 HP
Altitude MSL M
Cruising speed 0.49 Mach
High speed rotor 10000 to 20000 RPM
Low speed rotor 2500 to 15000 RPM
Compressor pressure ratio 4.4
Maximum temperature 1390 K
Isentropic efficiency of intake 0.95
Compressor isentropic efficiency GRAPHICS
Turbine isentropic efficiency 0.9
Mech. Transmission efficiency 0.97
Combustion efficiency 0.97
Combustion pressure loss 0.0195
Air mass flow rate 9.8 Kg/s
Propeller efficiency 0.94
Fuel calorific power 43100 Kj/kg
Propelling nozzle efficiency 0.96

Constants
Cpa 1005 J/KgK
Cpg 1148 J/KgK
ɤa 1.4
ɤg 1.333
R 287 J/KgK
 𝑃𝑎 = 101325 𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑎 = 288 𝑘

𝐶𝑎 = 𝑀𝐴𝐶𝐻√𝛾𝑎 𝑅𝑎 𝑇𝑎 = 166.6852
Admision duct
𝐶𝑎2
𝑇𝑂1 = 𝑇𝑎 + = 301.8228795 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑎
𝛾𝑎
𝜂𝐴𝐷 𝐶𝑎2 𝛾𝑎 −1 𝐶𝑎2
𝑃𝑂1 = 𝑃𝑎 (1 + ) + = 118437.9142 𝑃𝑎
2𝐶𝑝𝑎 𝑇𝑎 2𝐶𝑝𝑎
Compressor
𝛾
𝑎−1
𝑇𝑂1 𝛾
𝑇𝑂2 = 𝑇𝑂1 + (𝜋𝐶 𝑎 − 1) = 506.2772793 𝐾
𝜂𝐶

𝑃𝑂2 = 𝜋𝐶 + 𝑃𝑂1 = 521126.8224 𝑃𝑎

Combustion chamber
𝑇𝑂3 = 𝑇𝑀𝐴𝑋 = 1390 𝐾
𝑃𝑂3 = 𝑃𝑂2 (1 − Δ𝑃𝐶𝐶 ) = 510964.8493 𝑃𝑎
Gasogenous turbine (High pressure)
𝐶𝑝𝑎
𝑇𝑂4 = 𝑇𝑂3 − (𝑇 − 𝑇𝑂1 ) = 1205.477683 𝐾
𝜂𝑚 𝐶𝑝𝑔 𝑂2

′
𝑇𝑂3 − 𝑇𝑂4
𝑇𝑂4 = 𝑇𝑂3 − = 1184.975203 𝐾
𝜂𝑇
𝛾𝑔
𝑇𝑂4 ′ 𝛾𝑔−1
𝑃𝑂4 = 𝑃𝑂3 ( ) = 269749.562 𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑂3
Power turbine
′ ′
𝑇𝑂5 = 𝑇𝑂4 + Δ𝑇𝑃𝑇 = 984.9752029 𝐾
𝛾𝑔
𝑇𝑂5 ′ 𝛾𝑔−1
𝑃𝑂5 = 𝑃𝑂4 ( ) = 128701.5551 𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑂4 ′
Propulsion nozzle
 Normal expansión rate
𝑃𝑂5
= 1.270185592
𝑃𝑎
 Critical expansión rate
𝑃𝑂5 1
= 𝛾𝑔 = 1.904770154
𝑃𝐶
1 𝛾𝑔 − 1 𝛾𝑔 −1
[1 − 𝜂 (𝛾 + 1)]
𝑃𝑁 𝑔

𝑃𝑂5 𝑃𝑂5
< ∴ 𝑁𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑑
𝑃𝑎 𝑃𝐶
Exit velocity
𝛾𝑔−1
𝛾𝑔

′ ′
1
𝑇𝑂5 − 𝑇6 = 𝜂𝑃𝑁 𝑇𝑂5 1−( ) = 54.83976516 𝐾
𝑃𝑂5
𝑃𝑎
[ ]
𝑇𝑂6 = 930.1354377 𝐾

𝐶6 = √2𝐶𝑝𝑔 (𝑇𝑂5 ′−𝑇6 ) = 354.8409514 𝑚/𝑠

Residual thrust
𝐸𝑅 = 𝑚̇ 𝑎 (𝐶6 − 𝐶𝑎 ) = 1843.925425 𝑁
Specific thrust
𝐸𝑅
𝐸𝑆 = = 188.1556556 𝑁
𝑚̇ 𝑎
Specific fuel consumption
To get the value of 𝐹𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 is necesary t oread it from the next graphic.

𝐹𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = = 0.02556701
𝜂𝛽
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑔𝑓 𝐾𝑔𝑓
𝑆𝐹𝐶 = = 0.000135882 = 0.489176033
𝐸𝑆 𝑁𝑠 𝑁ℎ𝑟
Propulsive efficiency
2
𝜂𝑃 = = 0.63922112
𝐶
1 + 𝐶6
𝑎

Energy conversión efficiency

𝐶62 − 𝐶𝑎2
𝜂𝑒 = = 44.52523649
2𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝐶
Thrust power
𝑇𝐻𝑃 = 𝑆𝐻𝑃𝜂𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 + 𝐸𝑅 𝐶𝑎 = 1304.856042 𝐻𝑃

Equivalent of effective power

𝑇𝐻𝑃
𝐸𝐻𝑃 = = 1388.144725 𝐻𝑃
𝜂𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟
 Gasogenous turbine (Axial)
INPUT DATA
Stage temp drop [K] ΔTs 150
Flow coefficient Ø 0.91
Degree of reaction ʌ 0.5
Axial Velocity Ca=Ca2=Ca3=ca1 245
Periferical velocity U 269.2307692
Mass flow rate ṁ 9.8
heigh/chord h/c 3
Nozzle eff λn 0.05
Ca 166.6852958

From thermodynamic
cycle
Inlet temperature 1390
Outlet temperature 1184.975203
Inlet pressure 510964.8493
Turbine efficiency 0.91

Determination of number of stages

Δ𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝜂𝑠 = = 1.366831981 ≈ 2
Δ𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
Δ𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒
Δ𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = = 102.5123986 𝐾
𝜂𝑠
Temperature drop coefficient
2𝐶𝑝𝑔 Δ𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝜓= = 3.247124158 𝑂𝐾
𝑈2
Gas angles
1 𝜓
𝛽3 = tan−1 [ ( + 2Λ)] = 55.25450882 °
2𝜙 2
1 𝜓
𝛽2 = tan−1 [ ( − 2Λ)] = 18.91370047 °
2𝜙 2
1
𝛼3 = tan−1 (tan 𝛽3 − ) = 18.91370047 °
𝜙
1
𝛼3 = tan−1 (tan 𝛽3 + ) = 55.25450882 °
𝜙
Mean radius
𝑈
𝑟𝑚 = = 0.155816028 𝑚
2𝜋𝑁
Temperatures and pressures by stage

Stage To1 To3 Po1 Po3

1 1390 1287.4876 510964.849 362873.728
2 1287.487601 1184.9752 362873.728 250449.751

Stage 1
Plane 2
𝐶𝑎1 = 𝐶𝑎2 = 𝐶𝑎3 = 𝐶𝑎 = 245 𝑚/𝑠
𝐶𝑎2
𝐶2 = = 429.8757676 𝑚/𝑠
cos 𝛼2
𝑇𝑂2 = 𝑇𝑂1 = 1390 𝐾
𝐶22
𝑇2 = 𝑇𝑂2 − = 1309.515167 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔

𝐶22
𝑇2 − 𝑇2′ = 𝜆𝑁 ( ) = 4.024241628 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔

𝑇2′ = 𝑇2 − (𝑇2 − 𝑇2′ ) = 1305.490926 𝐾

𝛾𝑔
𝑃𝑂1 𝑇𝑂1 𝛾𝑔 −1
=( ) = 1.285421548
𝑃2 𝑇2 ′
𝑃𝑂1
𝑃2 = 𝛾𝑔 = 397507.6116 𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑂1 𝛾𝑔−1
( )
𝑇2 ′
𝛾𝑔
𝑃𝑂1 𝛾𝑔 + 1 𝛾𝑔 −1
=( ) = 1.852421562
𝑃𝐶 2
𝑃𝑂1 𝑃𝑂1
< ∴ 𝐼𝑆 𝑂𝐾
𝑃𝑂2 𝑃𝐶
𝑃2 𝑘𝑔
𝜌2 = = 1.0576769 3
𝑅𝑇2 𝑚
Anulus Area
𝑚̇
𝐴2 = = 0.037818733 𝑚2
𝜌2 𝐶𝑎2
Mach plane 2
𝐶2
𝑀2 = = 0.607339706
√𝛾𝑔 𝑅𝑇2
PLANE 1
𝐶𝑎3 𝑚
𝐶1 = 𝐶3 = = 258.9830443
cos 𝛼3 𝑠
𝐶12
𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑂1 − = 1360.787362 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔
𝛾𝑔
𝑇1 𝛾𝑔 −1
𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑂1 ( ) = 469315.817 𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑂1
𝑃1 𝐾𝑔
𝜌1 = = 1.201691605 3
𝑅𝑇1 𝑚
𝑚̇
𝐴1 = = 0.03328641 𝑚2
𝜌1 𝐶𝑎1
Plane 3
𝐶32
𝑇3 = 𝑇𝑂3 − = 1258.274963 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔
𝛾𝑔
𝑇3 𝛾𝑔−1
𝑃3 = 𝑃𝑂3 ( ) = 331021.0353 𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑂3
𝑃3 𝐾𝑔
𝜌3 = = 0.916638598 3
𝑅𝑇3 𝑚
𝑚̇
𝐴3 = = 0.0436377 𝑚2
𝜌3 𝐶𝑎3
Plane heights
𝐴1 𝑁
ℎ1 = = 0.033999691 𝑚
𝑈
𝐴2 𝑁
ℎ2 = = 0.038629134 𝑚
𝑈
 𝐴3 𝑁
ℎ3 = = 0.044572793 𝑚
𝑈
Root radius Tip radius
ℎ1 ℎ1
𝑟𝑟1 = 𝑟𝑚 − = 0.138816183 𝑚 𝑟𝑡1 = 𝑟𝑚 + = 0.172815874 𝑚
2 2
ℎ2 ℎ2
𝑟𝑟2 = 𝑟𝑚 − = 0.136501461 𝑚 𝑟𝑡2 = 𝑟𝑚 + = 0.175130595 𝑚
2 2
ℎ3 ℎ3
𝑟𝑟3 = 𝑟𝑚 − = 0.133529632 𝑚 𝑟𝑡3 = 𝑟𝑚 + = 0.178102425 𝑚
2 2

Plane A [m2] h [m] rr [m] rt [m] rt / rr

1 0.03328641 0.03399969 0.13881618 0.17281587 1.24492599

2 0.037818733 0.03862913 0.13650146 0.1751306 1.28299429
3 0.0436377 0.04457279 0.13352963 0.17810242 1.33380451

Mach number in plane 3

𝐶3
𝑀3 = = 0.37327382
√𝛾𝑔 𝑅𝑔 𝑇3
Rotor efficiency
𝑇2
𝑇3′ = 𝛾𝑔 −1 = 1250.98752 𝐾
𝑃 𝛾𝑔
(𝑃2 )
3

𝐶𝑎3 𝑚
𝑉3 = = 429.8757676
cos 𝛽3 𝑠
𝑇3 − 𝑇3 ′
𝜆𝑅 = = 0.090544312
𝑉32
2𝐶𝑝𝑔

Variation of angles graphic

Root
𝑟𝑚
𝛼2𝑟 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼2 ] = 58.71587117 °
𝑟𝑟 2

𝑟𝑚
𝛼3𝑟 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼3 ] = 21.79309625 °
𝑟𝑟 3
 𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑟 𝑈
𝛽2𝑟 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼2 − ( ) ] = 34.33517787 °
𝑟𝑟 2 𝑟𝑚 2 𝐶𝑎2

𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑟 𝑈
𝛽3𝑟 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼3 − ( ) ] = 53.29905538 °
𝑟𝑟 3 𝑟𝑚 3 𝐶𝑎3

Tip
𝑟𝑚
𝛼2𝑡 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼2 ] = 52.06051772 °
𝑟𝑡 2

𝑟𝑚
𝛼3𝑡 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼3 ] = 16.68704014 °
𝑟𝑡 3

𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑡 𝑈
𝛽2𝑡 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼2 − ( ) ] = 2.72601501 °
𝑟𝑡 2 𝑟𝑚 2 𝐶𝑎2

𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑡 𝑈
𝛽3𝑡 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼3 − ( ) ] = 57.26962219 °
𝑟𝑡 3 𝑟𝑚 3 𝐶𝑎3

Variation of gas angles graphic

70

60

50

40
Grados [°]

Alpha 2
Alpha 3
30
Beta 2
Beta 3
20

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
rr rm rt
Plane 2 Root Mach Number
𝑚
𝑉2𝑟 = 𝐶𝑎 sec 𝛽2𝑟 = 296.6991969
𝑠
𝑚
𝐶2𝑟 = 𝐶𝑎2 sec 𝛼2𝑟 = 471.8049339
𝑠
2
𝐶2𝑟
𝑇2𝑟 = 𝑇𝑂2 − = 1293.048826 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔
𝑉2𝑟
(𝑀𝑣2 )𝑟 = = 0.42184498
√𝛾𝑔 𝑅𝑔 𝑇2𝑟
Determination of vanes & Blades number
With the values of:
α2 = B3 55.25450882
α3 = B2 18.91370047
and the next graphic, the value of (S/C) opt es:
(S/c) opt 0.83
 Staror Rotor
Height
ℎ1 + ℎ2 ℎ2 + ℎ3
ℎ𝑆 = = 0.036314412 𝑚 ℎ𝑅 = = 0.041600964 𝑚
2 2

Chord
ℎ𝑆 ℎ𝑅
𝐶𝑆 = = 0.012104804 𝑚 𝐶𝑅 = = 0.013866988 𝑚
ℎ ℎ
(𝑐 ) (𝑐 )

Pitch
𝑠 𝐶𝑅
𝑆𝑆 = 𝐶𝑆 ( ) = 0.010046987 𝑚 𝑆𝑅 = 𝐶𝑆 𝑠 = 0.016707214 𝑚
𝑐 𝑜𝑝𝑡
(𝑐 )
𝑜𝑝𝑡

Number of vanes & Blades

2𝜋𝑟𝑚 2𝜋𝑟𝑚
𝑛𝑆 = = 97.44423247 𝑛𝑅 = = 58.5986962
𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑅

98 59

Corrected values

2𝜋𝑟𝑚 2𝜋𝑟𝑚
𝑆𝑆 = = 0.00999001 𝑚 𝑆𝑅 = = 0.016593576 𝑚
𝑛𝑆 𝑛𝑅

𝑆𝑆 𝑆𝑅
𝐶𝑆 = 𝑠 = 0.012036157 𝑚 𝐶𝑅 = 𝑠 = 0.01999226 𝑚
(𝑐) (𝑐 )
𝑜𝑝𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑡

ℎ ℎ𝑆 ℎ ℎ𝑅
( ) = ( ) = 3.017110326 ( ) = ( ) = 2.080853464
𝑐 𝑠 𝐶𝑆 𝑐 𝑅 𝐶𝑅

Stage 2
Plane 2
C2 429.8757676
To2 = To1 1287.487601
T2 1207.002769
T2-T2' 4.024241628
T2' 1202.978527
Po1/p2 1.312288323
P2 276519.8176
Po1/Pc 1.852421562
𝑃𝑂1 𝑃𝑂1
< ∴ 𝐼𝑆 𝑂𝐾
𝑃𝑂2 𝑃𝐶

Rho 2 0.798244801
A2 0.050109941

Plane 3
T3 1155.762565
P3 226634.2244
Rho 3 0.683242658
A3 0.058544354

Plane 1
T1 1258.274963
P1 331021.0353
Rho 1 0.916638598
A1 0.0436377

Plane heights
h1 0.044572793
h2 0.051183726
h3 0.059798876
Root radius Tip radius
rr1 0.133529632 rt1 0.178102425
rr2 0.130224165 rt2 0.181407891
rr3 0.12591659 rt3 0.185715466

Plane A [m^2] h [m] rr [m] rt [m] rt / rr

1 0.0436377 0.044572793 0.133529632 0.178102425 1.333804511
2 0.050109941 0.051183726 0.130224165 0.181407891 1.393043222
3 0.058544354 0.059798876 0.12591659 0.185715466 1.474908633

Plane 3 mach number

M3 0.389476265
M3 <0.8 OK

Rotor efficiency
T3' 1148.482227
V3 429.8757676
λR 0.090456025
λR > λn OK

Variation of angles graphic

Root Tip
α2r 59.89968433 α2t 51.07811382
α3r 22.97723202 α3t 16.03885568
B2r 38.89157544 B2t -2.350314527
B3r 52.68636069 B3t 57.95026999
 Variation of gas angles graphic
70

60

50

40
Alpha 2
Grados [°]

30 Alpha 3
Beta 2
20
Beta 3
10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
-10
rr rm rt

Plane 2 Root Mach Number

V2r 314.7742951
C2r 488.5192945
T2r 1183.545484
Mv2r 0.467789814

Vanes and blades number determination

α2 = B3 55.25450882
α3 = B2 18.91370047
(S/c)opt 0.83
Stator Rotor
hs 0.04787826 hR 0.055491301
Cs 0.01595942 CR 0.0184971
Ss 0.013246318 SR 0.022285663

Number of vanes & Blades

𝑛𝑆 = 98 𝑛𝑅 = 59

Corrected values
Ss 0.013230013 SR 0.020830234
Cs 0.015939775 CR 0.025096667
(h/c)s 3.003697328 (h/c)R 2.211102404
 Power turbine
Input data
Mass Flow rate [kg/s] 9.8
SHP [HP] 950
Compressor pressure ratio 4.4
Tmax [K] 1390
Turbines efficiency 0.9
isentropic
Tin [K] 1184.975203
Tout [K] 984.9752029
Pin [Pa] 128701.5551
Nozzle efficiency 0.05

Proposed parameter
Axial velocity [m/s]
Flow coefficient
ΔTstage [K] 1390
RPM 1184.975203

Determination of number of stages

Δ𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝜂𝑠 = = 1.428571429 ≈ 2
Δ𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
Δ𝑇𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒
Δ𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = = 100 𝐾
𝜂𝑠
Temperature drop coefficient
2𝐶𝑝𝑔 Δ𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝜓= = 3.6736 𝑂𝐾
𝑈2
Gas angles
1 𝜓
𝛽3 = tan−1 [ ( + 2Λ)] = 57.96749004 °
2𝜙 2
1 𝜓
𝛽2 = tan−1 [ ( − 2Λ)] = 18.52898297 °
2𝜙 2
1
𝛼3 = tan−1 (tan 𝛽3 − ) = 28.62060021 °
𝜙
1
𝛼3 = tan−1 (tan 𝛽3 + ) = 54.22459535 °
𝜙
Mean radius
𝑈
𝑟𝑚 = = 0.298415518 𝑚
2𝜋𝑁
Temperatures and pressures by stage

Stage To1 To3 Po1 Po3

1184.975203 1084.9752 128701.555 86779.1954
1
1084.975203 984.975203 86779.1954 56310.4341
2

Stage 1
Plane 2
𝐶𝑎1 = 𝐶𝑎2 = 𝐶𝑎3 = 𝐶𝑎 = 245 𝑚/𝑠
𝐶𝑎2
𝐶2 = = 429.8757676 𝑚/𝑠
cos 𝛼2
𝑇𝑂2 = 𝑇𝑂1 = 1390 𝐾
𝐶22
𝑇2 = 𝑇𝑂2 − = 1309.515167 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔

𝐶22
𝑇2 − 𝑇2′ = 𝜆𝑁 ( ) = 4.024241628 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔

𝑇2′ = 𝑇2 − (𝑇2 − 𝑇2′ ) = 1305.490926 𝐾

𝛾𝑔
𝑃𝑂1 𝑇𝑂1 𝛾𝑔 −1
=( ) = 1.285421548
𝑃2 𝑇2 ′
𝑃𝑂1
𝑃2 = 𝛾𝑔 = 397507.6116 𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑂1 𝛾𝑔−1
( )
𝑇2 ′
𝛾𝑔
𝑃𝑂1 𝛾𝑔 + 1 𝛾𝑔 −1
=( ) = 1.852421562
𝑃𝐶 2
𝑃𝑂1 𝑃𝑂1
< ∴ 𝐼𝑆 𝑂𝐾
𝑃𝑂2 𝑃𝐶
𝑃2 𝑘𝑔
𝜌2 = = 1.0576769 3
𝑅𝑇2 𝑚
Anulus Area
𝑚̇
𝐴2 = = 0.037818733 𝑚2
𝜌2 𝐶𝑎2
Mach plane 2
𝐶2
𝑀2 = = 0.607339706
√𝛾𝑔 𝑅𝑇2
PLANE 1
𝐶𝑎3 𝑚
𝐶1 = 𝐶3 = = 258.9830443
cos 𝛼3 𝑠
𝐶12
𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑂1 − = 1360.787362 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔
𝛾𝑔
𝑇1 𝛾𝑔 −1
𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑂1 ( ) = 469315.817 𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑂1
𝑃1 𝐾𝑔
𝜌1 = = 1.201691605 3
𝑅𝑇1 𝑚
𝑚̇
𝐴1 = = 0.03328641 𝑚2
𝜌1 𝐶𝑎1
Plane 3
𝐶32
𝑇3 = 𝑇𝑂3 − = 1258.274963 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔
𝛾𝑔
𝑇3 𝛾𝑔−1
𝑃3 = 𝑃𝑂3 ( ) = 331021.0353 𝑃𝑎
𝑇𝑂3
𝑃3 𝐾𝑔
𝜌3 = = 0.916638598 3
𝑅𝑇3 𝑚
𝑚̇
𝐴3 = = 0.0436377 𝑚2
𝜌3 𝐶𝑎3
Plane heights
𝐴1 𝑁
ℎ1 = = 0.033999691 𝑚
𝑈
𝐴2 𝑁
ℎ2 = = 0.038629134 𝑚
𝑈
 𝐴3 𝑁
ℎ3 = = 0.044572793 𝑚
𝑈
Root radius Tip radius
ℎ1 ℎ1
𝑟𝑟1 = 𝑟𝑚 − = 0.138816183 𝑚 𝑟𝑡1 = 𝑟𝑚 + = 0.172815874 𝑚
2 2
ℎ2 ℎ2
𝑟𝑟2 = 𝑟𝑚 − = 0.136501461 𝑚 𝑟𝑡2 = 𝑟𝑚 + = 0.175130595 𝑚
2 2
ℎ3 ℎ3
𝑟𝑟3 = 𝑟𝑚 − = 0.133529632 𝑚 𝑟𝑡3 = 𝑟𝑚 + = 0.178102425 𝑚
2 2

Plane A [m2] h [m] rr [m] rt [m] rt / rr

1 0.03328641 0.03399969 0.13881618 0.17281587 1.24492599

2 0.037818733 0.03862913 0.13650146 0.1751306 1.28299429
3 0.0436377 0.04457279 0.13352963 0.17810242 1.33380451

Mach number in plane 3

𝐶3
𝑀3 = = 0.37327382
√𝛾𝑔 𝑅𝑔 𝑇3
Rotor efficiency
𝑇2
𝑇3′ = 𝛾𝑔 −1 = 1250.98752 𝐾
𝑃 𝛾𝑔
(𝑃2 )
3

𝐶𝑎3 𝑚
𝑉3 = = 429.8757676
cos 𝛽3 𝑠
𝑇3 − 𝑇3 ′
𝜆𝑅 = = 0.090544312
𝑉32
2𝐶𝑝𝑔

Variation of angles graphic

Root
𝑟𝑚
𝛼2𝑟 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼2 ] = 58.71587117 °
𝑟𝑟 2

𝑟𝑚
𝛼3𝑟 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼3 ] = 21.79309625 °
𝑟𝑟 3
 𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑟 𝑈
𝛽2𝑟 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼2 − ( ) ] = 34.33517787 °
𝑟𝑟 2 𝑟𝑚 2 𝐶𝑎2

𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑟 𝑈
𝛽3𝑟 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼3 − ( ) ] = 53.29905538 °
𝑟𝑟 3 𝑟𝑚 3 𝐶𝑎3

Tip
𝑟𝑚
𝛼2𝑡 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼2 ] = 52.06051772 °
𝑟𝑡 2

𝑟𝑚
𝛼3𝑡 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼3 ] = 16.68704014 °
𝑟𝑡 3

𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑡 𝑈
𝛽2𝑡 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼2 − ( ) ] = 2.72601501 °
𝑟𝑡 2 𝑟𝑚 2 𝐶𝑎2

𝑟𝑚 𝑟𝑡 𝑈
𝛽3𝑡 = tan−1 [( ) tan 𝛼3 − ( ) ] = 57.26962219 °
𝑟𝑡 3 𝑟𝑚 3 𝐶𝑎3

Variation of gas angles graphic

70

60

50

40
Grados [°]

Alpha 2
Alpha 3
30
Beta 2
Beta 3
20

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
rr rm rt
Plane 2 Root Mach Number
𝑚
𝑉2𝑟 = 𝐶𝑎 sec 𝛽2𝑟 = 296.6991969
𝑠
𝑚
𝐶2𝑟 = 𝐶𝑎2 sec 𝛼2𝑟 = 471.8049339
𝑠
2
𝐶2𝑟
𝑇2𝑟 = 𝑇𝑂2 − = 1293.048826 𝐾
2𝐶𝑝𝑔
𝑉2𝑟
(𝑀𝑣2 )𝑟 = = 0.42184498
√𝛾𝑔 𝑅𝑔 𝑇2𝑟
Stage 2
Plane 2
Ca1=Ca2=Ca3=Ca
C2 427.6359158
To2=To1 1084.975203
T2 1005.326912
T2-T2' 3.982414557
T2' 1001.344497
Po1/P2 1.378636592
P2 62945.66382
Po1/Pc 1.852421562
Rho2 0.218160747
A2 0.17968402
h2 0.095831477
rr2 0.25049978
rt2 0.346331257
rt2/rr2 1.382561123
Plane 1
C1=C3 284.7994094
T1 1049.648241
P1 76009.57916
Rho1 0.252314755
A1 0.155361504
h1 0.082859469
rr1 0.256985784
rt1 0.339845253
rt1/rr1 1.322428221

Plane 3
T3 949.6482414
P3 48650.9276
Rho3 0.178503387
A3 0.219603677
h3 0.117121961
rr3 0.239854538
rt3 0.356976499
rt3/rr3 1.488304128

Variation of angles graphic

Root Tip
α2r 58.83149662 α2t 50.09526045
α3r 34.17313731 α3t 24.52087178
B2r 39.13917213 B2t 2.017030686
B3r 56.00203229 B3t 58.81859025
 Variation of angles graphic
70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Rotor efficiency
T3' 942.6698499
V3 471.3420575
λR 0.072119852 > λn OK
M3 0.472499852

Plane 2 ROOT Mach number

V2r 322.3248467
T2r 983.352152
C2r 483.0388441
(Mv2)r 0.525512711 < 0.8 OK

Number of vanes and blades determination

as' - stator B's - rotor
(s/c)opt 0.79 (s/c)opt 0.81
hs 0.089345473 hr 0.106476719
Cs 0.029781824 Cr 0.03549224
Ss 0.023527641 Sr 0.04381758
Number of vanes & blades
ns 79.69349671 nr 42.79104431
80 43

Corrected values
Ss 0.0234375 Sr 0.043604651
Cs 0.029667722 Cr 0.053832903
(h/c)s 3.011538079 (h/c)r 1.977911532
 Centrifugal compressor
Input data
Mass Flow rate [kg/s] 9.8
Compressor pressure ratio 4.4
Tin [K] 301.8228795
Pin [Pa] 118437.9142

Proposed parameter
Axial velocity [m/s] 150
C3 100
RPM 18000
ψ 1.09
ni 19
%Loss [%] 50
nc 0.778
nD 10
100

Impeller
Slip factor
0.63𝜋
σ=1- = 0.895831401
𝜂𝑖

Temperature rising
𝛾𝑎 −1
𝑇01 (𝜋𝑐 𝛾𝑎 )

(𝑇03 − 𝑇01 ) = = 204.4543998

𝜂𝑐
Specific velocity
(𝑇03 −𝑇01 )𝐶𝑝𝑎
U=√ = 458.7276007
𝜎𝜓

Impeller Diameter
𝑈
𝐷𝑖 = = 0.486725101
𝜋𝑁
 Induction section (Plane 1)
𝐶 2
𝑇1 = 𝑇01 − 2𝐶𝑎 = 290.6288497
𝑝𝑎

𝑃01
𝑃1 = 𝛾𝑎 −1 = 103763.2885
𝑇
( 01 ) 𝛾𝑎
𝑇1

𝑃
𝜌1 = 𝑅𝑇1 = 1.244007812
1

𝑚̇
𝐴1 = 𝜌 = 0.052518427
1 𝐶𝑎

Exterior diameter
𝑑𝑖𝑥 2 𝜋
𝐴𝑇 = = 𝐴1 + 𝐴𝑑𝑖𝑛 = 0.060372409
4

4(𝐴1 + 𝐴𝑑𝑖𝑛 )
𝑑𝑖𝑥 = √ = 0.277251759
𝜋

Blades height Atleading Edge

𝑑𝑖𝑥−𝑑𝑖𝑛
ℎ1 = = 0.08862588
2

Blades angle of attack

𝑈𝑖𝑛 = 𝜋𝑁𝑑𝑖𝑛 = 94.24777961
𝑈𝑖𝑥 = 𝜋𝑁𝑑𝑖𝑥 = 261.303627
𝐶𝑎
𝛼𝑖𝑛 = 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 57.85809236
𝑈𝑖𝑛
𝐶𝑎
𝛼𝑖𝑥 = 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 29.85775655
𝑈𝑖𝑥

Impeller exit (Station 2)

𝐶𝑟2 = 𝐶𝑎 = 150

𝐶𝑤2 = 𝜎𝑈 = 410.9425894
𝐶2 2 𝐶𝑟2 2 +𝐶𝑤2 2
= = 95.21085164
2𝐶𝑝𝑎 2𝐶𝑝𝑎

Compresor effective efficiency

𝜂𝑒= 1-[%𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 (1 − 𝜂𝑐 )] = 0.889
𝑇03 = 𝑇01 + (𝑇03 − 𝑇01 ) = 506.2772793
𝑇02 = 𝑇03 = 506.2772793

𝐶2 2
𝑇2 = 𝑇02 − = 411.0664277
2𝐶𝑝𝑎
𝛾𝑎 −1
𝑃02 𝜂𝑒 (𝑇02 −𝑇01 ) 𝛾𝑎
= [1 − ] = 5.206136306
𝑃01 𝑇01
𝛾𝑎 −1
𝑃2 𝑇2 𝛾𝑎
=[𝑇 ] = 0.482316922
𝑃02 02

𝑃2 𝑃 𝑃
=(𝑃 2 ) (𝑃02 )= 2.511007639
𝑃01 02 01

𝑃2
𝑃2 = ( ) 𝑃01 = 297398.5072
𝑃01
𝑃2
𝜌2 = ( ) = 2.520837662
𝑅𝑇2
Exit impeller area
𝑚̇
𝐴2 = 𝜌 = 0.025917311
2 𝐶 𝑟2

Exit height of impeller blade

2 𝐴
ℎ2 = 𝜋𝐷𝑖 = 0.016949478

Impeller Radius
𝐷𝑖
𝑅𝑖 = = 0.243362551
2

Impeller height
7
𝐿𝑖 ≈ 9 𝑅𝑖 = 0.189281984

Duct height
ℎ𝐷 = ℎ2 + 𝑒𝑖 = 0.0249
Diffuser
𝐶𝑅𝐴 = 81
𝐷
𝐶𝑤𝐴 = 𝐶𝑤2 (𝐷 𝑖 ) = 373.5841722
𝐴

𝐶𝐴 2 𝐶𝑅𝐴 2 + 𝐶𝑤𝐴 2
= = 72.69956901
2𝐶𝑝𝑎 2𝐶𝑝𝑎

𝐶𝐴 2
𝑇𝐴 = 𝑇02 − = 433.5777103
2𝐶𝑝𝑎

𝛾𝑎 −1
𝑃𝐴 𝑇𝐴 𝛾𝑎
=[ ] = 0.581265819
𝑃02 𝑇02

𝑃𝐴 𝑃 𝑃
=(𝑃 𝑎 ) (𝑃02 )= 3.026149081
𝑃01 02 01

𝑃𝐴
𝑃𝐴 = ( ) 𝑃 = 358410.7852
𝑃01 01
𝑃𝐴
𝜌𝐴 = ( ) = 2.880263531
𝑅𝑇𝐴
𝑚̇
𝐶𝑅𝐴 = 𝜌 = 81.28218858
𝐴 𝐴𝐴

𝛼𝐴 = 12.2747666
𝐶𝐴 = 382.3243752

At throat duct
𝐷𝑇𝐻 = 0.603539125
𝐴𝑇𝐻 = 𝜋𝐷𝑇𝐻 ℎ𝐷 = 0.047187554
𝐶𝑅𝑇𝐻 = 66
𝐷𝑖
𝐶𝑤𝑇𝐻 = 𝐶𝑤2 ( ) = 331.405314
𝐷𝑇𝐻
𝐶𝑇𝐻 2 𝐶𝑅𝑇𝐻 2 +𝐶𝑤𝑇𝐻 2
= = 56.8086976
2𝐶𝑝𝑎 2𝐶𝑝𝑎
 2
𝐶
𝑇𝑇𝐻 = 𝑇02 − 2𝐶𝑇𝐻 = 449.4685817
𝑝𝑎

𝛾𝑎 −1
𝑃𝑇𝐻 𝑇𝑇𝐻 𝛾𝑎
=[ 𝑇 ] = 0.659307714
𝑃02 02

𝑃𝑇𝐻 𝑃 𝑃
=( 𝑃𝑇𝐻) (𝑃02 )= 3.432445825
𝑃01 02 01

𝑃𝑇𝐻
𝑃𝑇𝐻 = ( ) 𝑃 = 406531.724
𝑃01 01
𝑃𝑇𝐻
𝜌𝑇𝐻 = ( ) = 3.151470204
𝑅𝑇𝑇𝐻
𝑚̇
𝐶𝑅𝑇𝐻 = 𝜌 = 65.89999912
𝑇𝐻 𝐴𝑇𝐻

𝐶
𝛼𝑇𝐻 = tan−1 (𝐶 𝑅𝑇𝐻 )= 11.24657129
𝑊𝑇𝐻

𝐶𝑇𝐻 = √𝐶𝑅𝑇𝐻 2 + 𝐶𝑊𝑇𝐻 2 = 337.8939065

Station 3 (Compresor exit)

𝐶 2
𝑇3 = 𝑇03 − 2𝐶3 = 501.3021549
𝑝𝑎

𝑃03
𝑃3 = 𝛾𝑎 −1 = 493605.5039
𝑇
( 03 ) 𝛾𝑎
𝑇3

𝑃
𝜌3 = 𝑅𝑇3 = 3.430824678
3

𝑚̇
𝐴3 = 𝜌 = 0.028564561
3 𝐶3

Exit area for one duct

𝐴
𝐴3𝐷 = 𝜂 3 = 0.002856456
𝐷

Ducts width
𝐴3𝐷
𝑎𝐷 = = 0.114777138
ℎ𝐷
Compressibility effects

𝑉𝑅 = √𝐶𝑎 2 + 𝑈𝑖𝑥 2 = 301.2965076

𝑉𝑅
𝑀1 = = 0.881697826
√𝛾𝑎 𝑅𝑇1
Ɵ= 13
𝐶𝑎1 = 150.5 > Ca
𝐶𝑎1
𝐶1 = = 154.4587682
cos 𝜃
𝐶 2
𝑇1 = 𝑇01 − 2𝐶1 = 289.953471
𝑝𝑎

𝛾𝑎 −1
𝑇1 𝛾𝑎
𝑃1 =𝑃01 [𝑇 ] = 102921.7801
01

𝑃
𝜌1 = 𝑅𝑇1 = 1.236793176
1

𝑚̇
𝐶𝑎1 = 𝜌 = 150.8750011
1 𝐴1

𝐶𝑤1 = 𝐶𝑎1 tan 𝜃 = 34.83223859

𝑉𝑅1 = √𝐶𝑎1 2 + (𝑈𝑖𝑥 − 𝐶𝑤1 )2 = 272.1259923

𝑀1 = 0.796334806

Average impeller speed

𝑈𝑖𝑛 +𝑈𝑖𝑥
𝑈𝑒 = = 177.7757033
2

Actual temperature rise

𝜓
∆𝑇𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 =𝐶 [𝐶𝜎𝑈 2 − 𝐶𝑤1 𝑈𝑒 ] = 197.738345
𝑝𝑎

Actual pressure ratio

𝛾𝑎 −1
𝜂𝑐 ∆𝑇𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝛾𝑎
𝜋𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = [1 + ] = 4.227870391
𝑇01

Pressure percentage drop

𝜋𝑐 −𝜋𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
%𝜋𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = = 0.039120366 = 3.912036579 % < 10%
𝜋𝑐
Overlap diameter
𝐷 +𝐷
𝐴 𝑇
𝐷𝑐 = 2 cos = 0.747168446
𝛼
𝐴