Thermodynamic Cycles

Thermodynamic Cycles
AMR EL SAHHAR
Heat Engine
(Power Generation Cycle)
Ideal Rankine Cycle
Ideal Rankine Cycle
Process 1st Law of Thermodynamics
1-2 Isentropic 𝑊ሶ 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 𝑚(ℎ
ሶ 2 − ℎ1 )
Pump compression 𝑊ሶ 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 𝑉ሶ 𝑝2 − 𝑝1
ℎ2 = ℎ1 + 𝑣 𝑝2 − 𝑝1
2-3 Constant 𝑄ሶ 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 = 𝑚(ℎ

ሶ 3 − ℎ2 )
Boiler pressure
heat addition
3-4 Isentropic 𝑊ሶ 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑚(ℎ
ሶ 3 − ℎ4 )
Turbine expansion
4-1 Constant 𝑄ሶ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 𝑚(ℎ

ሶ 4 − ℎ1 )
Condenser pressure
heat
rejection
𝑊ሶ 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑊ሶ 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 − 𝑊ሶ 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
𝜂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 = =
𝑄𝑖𝑛 ሶ ሶ
𝑄𝑖𝑛
𝑊ሶ 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 300 ∗ 103
𝑃1 = 25 𝑘𝑃𝑎 , 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 1 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑊ሶ 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 = = = 312.5 ∗ 103 𝑘𝑊
𝜂𝑔𝑒𝑛 0.96
ℎ1 = ℎ𝑓@𝑃=25𝑘𝑃𝑎 = 271.96 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
𝑊ሶ 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 ℎ3 − ℎ4 = 312.5 ∗ 103
ℎ2 = ℎ1 + 𝑣 𝑃2 − 𝑃1
312.5 ∗ 103
ℎ2 = 271.96 + 0.001020 5000 − 25 = 277 kJ/kg 𝑚ሶ 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 = = 296 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝐺𝑒𝑡 ℎ3 @ 𝑃3 = 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇3 = 450℃, 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟 3317 − 2261
𝑄ሶ 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚
ℎ3 = 3317 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔, 𝑠3 = 6.82𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾 𝜂𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 =
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑐 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚ሶ 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 ∗ 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒(𝐻𝑉)
𝑠3 = 𝑠4 = 6.82𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾 𝑄ሶ 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 ℎ3 − ℎ2
𝐺𝑒𝑡 ℎ4 @ 𝑃4 = 25 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠4 = 6.82𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔𝐾 𝑄ሶ 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 = 296 3317 − 277 = 899.8 ∗ 103 𝑘𝑊
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑓 < 𝑠4 < 𝑠𝑔 @𝑃4 = 25 𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑄ሶ 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 899.8 ∗ 103
𝑚ሶ 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 = = = 41 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑥4 𝜂𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 ∗ 𝐻𝑉 0.75 ∗ 29300
𝑠4 − 𝑠𝑓 6.82 − 0.8932 𝑊ሶ 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 − 𝑊ሶ 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 300 ∗ 103 − 296(277 − 271.96)
𝑥4 = = = 0.848 𝜂𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 = =
𝑠𝑓𝑔 6.9837 𝑚ሶ 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 ∗ 𝐻𝑉 41 ∗ 29300
ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓 + 𝑥4 ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 271.96 + 0.848 ∗ 2345.5 = 2261 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔 = 24.8 %
𝑊ሶ 𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝜂𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 =
𝑚ሶ 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝐻𝑉
𝑊ሶ 𝑛𝑒𝑡 300 ∗ 103

𝑚ሶ 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 = = = 33.5 𝑘𝑔/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝜂𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑉 0.32 ∗ 28000
𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 33.5 ∗ 60 ∗ 60 ∗ 24 = 2.89 ∗ 103 𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑚ሶ 𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 12 ∗ 𝑚ሶ 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 = 12 ∗ 33.5 = 402 kg/sec

Ideal Brayton Cycle
OPEN BRAYTON CLOSED BRAYTON
Ideal Brayton Cycle
Process 1st Law of Thermodynamics
1-2 Isentropic 𝑊ሶ 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑐𝑝 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
Compressor compression 𝑘−1
𝑇2 𝑃2 𝑘
=
𝑇1 𝑃1
2-3 Constant 𝑄ሶ 𝐶𝐶 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑐𝑝 (𝑇3 − 𝑇2 )
Combustion pressure heat
Chamber addition
3-4 Isentropic 𝑊ሶ 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑐𝑝 𝑇3 − 𝑇4
Turbine expansion 𝑘−1
𝑇4 𝑃4 𝑘
=
𝑇3 𝑃3
4-1 Constant
Condenser pressure heat 𝑄ሶ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑐𝑝 (𝑇4 − 𝑇1 )
rejection
𝑃2 𝑃3
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑟𝑝 =
=
𝑃1 𝑃4
𝑊ሶ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟
𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝐵𝑊𝑅 =
𝑊ሶ 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑘−1
𝑘−1
𝑇2 𝑃2 𝑘
= = 𝑟𝑝 𝑘
𝑇1 𝑃1
1.4−1
𝑇2 = 8 1.4 ∗ 300 = 543.43 𝐾
𝑘−1 𝑘−1
𝑇4 𝑃4 𝑘 1 𝑘
= =
𝑇3 𝑃3 𝑟𝑝
1.4−1
1 1.4
𝑇4 = ∗ 1300 = 717.65 𝐾
8
𝑊ሶ 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑚ሶ 𝑐𝑝 (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 )
𝐵𝑊𝑅 = =
ሶ
𝑊𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑚ሶ 𝑐𝑝 (𝑇3 − 𝑇4 )
(𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) 543.43 − 300
𝐵𝑊𝑅 = = = 41.8 %
(𝑇3 − 𝑇4 ) 1300 − 717.65
𝑊ሶ 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑊ሶ 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 − 𝑊ሶ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟
𝜂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 = =
𝑄𝑖𝑛ሶ ሶ
𝑄𝑖𝑛
𝑇3 − 𝑇4 − (𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ) 1300 − 717.65 − (543.43 − 300)
𝜂𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 = = = 44.8 %
(𝑇3 − 𝑇2 ) (1300 − 543.43)
𝑊ሶ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 60 ∗ 0.745
𝑊ሶ 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 = = = 50.22 𝑘𝑊
𝜂𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 0.89
𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 = 𝑊ሶ 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 ∗ 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 50.22 ∗ 3500 = 175.7 ∗ 103 𝑘𝑊ℎ 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 175.7 ∗ 103 ∗ 0.08 = 14 ∗ 103 $
𝑊ሶ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 60 ∗ 0.745
𝑊ሶ 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = = = 47.96 𝑘𝑊
𝜂ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ 0.932
𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = 𝑊ሶ 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ ∗ 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 47.96 ∗ 3500 = 167.8 ∗ 103 𝑘𝑊ℎ 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ ∗ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 167.8 ∗ 103 ∗ 0.08 = 13.4 ∗ 103 $
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 − 𝑊𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ = 7.9 ∗ 103 𝑘𝑊ℎ
𝑀𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑦𝑠𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 600 $
𝑃𝑎𝑦𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 ∶
5160 − 4520 = 50.22 ∗ 𝑡 ∗ 0.08 − 47.96 ∗ 𝑡 ∗ 0.08
3539.8
𝑡 = 3539.8 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = = 1.0113 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 = 1.0113 ∗ 365 = 369.1 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
3500

Thermodynamic Cycles

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Thermodynamic Cycles

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Thermodynamic Cycles

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Thermodynamic Cycles

2-3 Constant 𝑄ሶ 𝐵𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑟 = 𝑚(ℎ

4-1 Constant 𝑄ሶ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 𝑚(ℎ

𝑊ሶ 𝑛𝑒𝑡 300 ∗ 103

𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟 24 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 33.5 ∗ 60 ∗ 60 ∗ 24 = 2.89 ∗ 103 𝑇𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝑚ሶ 𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 12 ∗ 𝑚ሶ 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 = 12 ∗ 33.5 = 402 kg/sec

You might also like