CURRICULUM

for the Academic year 2018 – 2019

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION

VII & VIII Semester B. E.

RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
BANGALORE – 54
About the Institute

Ramaiah Institute of Technology (RIT) (formerly known as M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology)

is a self-financing institution established in Bangalore in the year 1962 by the industrialist and
philanthropist, Late Dr. M S Ramaiah All engineering departments offering bachelor degree
programs have been accredited by NBA. RIT is one of the few institutes with faculty student ratio of
1:15 and achieves excellent academic results. The institute is a participant of the Technical Education
Quality Improvement Program (TEQIP), an initiative of the Government of India. All the
departments are full with competent faculty, with 100% of them being postgraduates or doctorates.
Some of the distinguished features of RIT are: State of the art laboratories, individual computing
facility to all faculty members. All research departments are active with sponsored projects and more
than 130 scholars are pursuing PhD. The Centre for Advanced Training and Continuing Education
(CATCE), and Entrepreneurship Development Cell (EDC) have been set up on campus. RIT has a
strong Placement and Training department with a committed team, a fully equipped Sports
department, large air-conditioned library with over 80,000 books with subscription to more than 300
International and National Journals. The Digital Library subscribes to several online e-journals like
IEEE, JET etc. RIT is a member of DELNET, and AICTE INDEST Consortium. RIT has a modern
auditorium, several hi-tech conference halls, all air-conditioned with video conferencing facilities. It
has excellent hostel facilities for boys and girls. RIT Alumni have distinguished themselves by
occupying high positions in India and abroad and are in touch with the institute through an active
Alumni Association. RIT obtained Academic Autonomy for all its UG and PG programs in the year
2007.As per the National Institutional Ranking Framework, MHRD, Government of India, Ramaiah
Institute of Technology has achieved 45th rank in 2017 among the top 100 engineering colleges
across India and occupied No. 1 position in Karnataka, among the colleges affiliated to VTU,
Belagavi.

About the Department

The Department of Electronics and Communication was started in 1975 and has grown over the
years in terms of stature and infrastructure. The department has well equipped simulation and
electronic laboratories and is recognized as a research center under VTU. The department currently
offers a B. E. program with an intake of 120, and two M. Tech programs, one in Digital Electronics
and Communication, and one in VLSI Design and Embedded Systems, with intakes of 30 and 18
respectively. The department has a Center of Excellence in Food Technologies sponsored by VGST,
Government of Karnataka. The department is equipped with numerous UG and PG labs, along with
R & D facilities. Past and current research sponsoring agencies include DST, VTU, VGST and
AICTE with funding amount worth Rs. 1 crore. The department has modern research ambitions to
develop innovative solutions and products and to pursue various research activities focused towards
national development in various advanced fields such as Signal Processing, Embedded Systems,
Cognitive Sensors and RF Technology, Software Development and Mobile Technology.

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 Vision of the Institute
To evolve into an autonomous institution of international standing for imparting quality
technical education

Mission of the Institute

MSRIT shall deliver global quality technical education by nurturing a conducive learning
environment for a better tomorrow through continuous improvement and customization

Quality Policy
We at M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology strive to deliver comprehensive, continually
enhanced, global quality technical and management education through an established Quality
Management System complemented by the synergistic interaction of the stake holders concerned

Vision of the Department

To be, and be recognized as, an excellent Department in Electronics& Communication
Engineering that provides a great learning experience and to be a part of an outstanding
community with admirable environment.

Mission of the Department

To provide a student centered learning environment which emphasizes close faculty-student
interaction and co-operative education.

To prepare graduates who excel in the engineering profession, qualified to pursue advanced
degrees, and possess the technical knowledge, critical thinking skills, creativity, and ethical
values.

To train the graduates for attaining leadership in developing and applying technology for the
betterment of society and sustaining the world environment

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Program Educational Objectives (PEOs):
PEO1: To train to be employed as successful professionals in a core area of their choice

PEO2: To participate in lifelong learning/ higher education efforts to emerge as expert

researchers and technologists

PEO3: To develop their skills in ethical, professional, and managerial domains

Program Outcomes (POs):

PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.

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PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.
PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs):

PSO1: Circuit Design Concepts: Apply basic and advanced electronics for implementing and
evaluating various circuit configurations

PSO2: VLSI and Embedded Domain: Demonstrate technical competency in the design and
analysis of components in VLSI and Embedded domains

PSO3: Communication Theory and Practice: Possess application level knowledge in

theoretical and practical aspects required for the realization of complex communication systems

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 CURRICULUM COURSE CREDITS DISTRIBUTION

Semester Humanities Basic Engineering Professional Profession Other Project Extra & Total
& Social Sciences Sciences/ Courses - al Courses Electives Work/Int Co- Credits
Sciences / Lab Lab Core (Hard - Electives (OE) ernship curricul in a
(HSS) (BS) (ES) core, soft (PC-E) (PW/IN) ar Semester
core, Lab) activities
(PC-C) (EAC)
First 2 9 14 25
Second 4 9 12 25
Third 8 07 10 25
Fourth 4 21 25
Fifth 2 19 04 25
Sixth 15 04 06 25
Seventh 14 12 26
Eighth 4 18 02 24
Total 08 30 33 79 20 04 24 02 200

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 SCHEME OF TEACHING

VII SEMESTER

SI. Course Credits Contact

Course Title Category
No. Code L T P S Total Hours
1. EC71 Wireless and Data PS-C 3 0 0 1 4 3
Communication
2. EC72 Information Theory and Coding PS-C 3 1 0 0 4 5
3. EC73 Embedded System Design PS-C 4 0 0 0 4 4
4. ECExx Departmental Elective PS-E 3 0 0 1 4 3
5. ECExx Departmental Elective PS-E 3 0 0 1 4 3
6. ECExx Departmental Elective PS-E 3 0 0 1 4 3
7. ECL74 Wireless & Data PS-C 0 0 1 0 1 2
Communication Laboratory
8. ECL75 Embedded System Design Lab PS-C 0 0 1 0 1 2
Total 19 1 2 4 26 25

VIII SEMESTER

SI. Course Credits Contact

Course Title Category
No. Code L T P S Total Hours
1. xxOExx I Open Elective OE 4 0 0 0 4 4
Internship/Departmental
ECIN Elective (Industry collaborated IN 0 0 4 0 4 8
2. course)
3. ECP Project Work PW 0 0 16 0 16 32
Extra Curricular/Co-Curricular
4. EAC EAC 0 0 2 0 2 4
Activities
Total 4 0 22 0 26 48

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 WIRELESS AND DATA COMMUNICATION

Course Code: EC71 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Pre requisites: Digital Communication Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinators: Flory Francis, T. D. Senthilkumar

UNIT – I

Network Models: Introduction, OSI Model Layers, TCP/IP Suite

Data Link Control: Introduction to data link layer, Point-to-Point Protocol

Multiple Accesses: Random access – CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, and Channelization

UNIT – II

Wired LANs: Ethernet, IEEE standards, Standard Ethernet

Network Layer: Logical addressing IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses, IPv4 and IPv6 format, Unicast
Routing Protocols

Transport layer: Process to Process delivery, UDP, TCP

UNIT – III

Cellular Concepts: Frequency reuse, channel assignment, hand off, interference and system
capacity, improving coverage and capacity in cellular systems – cell splitting, cell sectoring,
microcell zone concept.

Mobile Radio Propagation – Large Scale Path Loss: Free space propagation model, Relating
power to electric field – Reflection, Diffraction, Scattering, Link budget design, log-distance
path loss models, log normal shadowing.

UNIT – IV

Mobile Radio Propagation – Small Scale Fading and Multipath: Small scale multipath
propagation – Parameter of mobile multipath channels – Types of small scale fading.

Diversity techniques: Polarization diversity, frequency diversity, time diversity and RAKE
receiver, Space diversity – combining techniques and derivation of selection diversity
improvement.

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 UNIT – V

Multiple Access Techniques: Introduction to multiple access techniques, FDMA, TDMA,

CDMA and SDMA, Capacity of cellular FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA.

Mobile Communication Systems: Transmit diversity: 2 x 1 MISO system and 2 x 2 MIMO

system example – Space Time Block Codes (STBC) and spatial multiplexing, Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

Self Study: HDLC protocol – HTTP & FTP protocols, Wireless LAN, Intersymbol interference,
Rayleigh and Rician fading, Spread spectrum techniques, Examples of 2G/3G wireless systems:
GSM, IS95, CDMA 2000, Introduction and features of LTE standards.

Textbooks:

1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking”, 5th Edition, McGraw

Hill, 2016.
2. T. S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice”, 2nd Edition,
Prentice Hall of India, Third Indian Reprint, 2010.

References:

1. Wayne Tomasi, “Introduction to Data Communication and Networking”, Pearson

Education, 2007.
2. James Kurose Keith Ross “Computer Networking”, Pearson Education, 2017.
3. David Tse, Pramod Viswanath, “Fundamentals of Wireless Communication”, Cambridge
University Press, 2005.
4. Arunabha Ghosh, Jan Zhang, Jefferey Andrews, Riaz Mohammed, “Fundamentals of
LTE”, Prentice Hall, Communications Engineering and Emerging Technologies, 2010.

Course Outcomes:

1. Discriminate the functionality between the layers in OSI model and TCP/IP suite
(POs – 1, 2, 10, 12, PSO – 3)
2. Describe transport layer formats and the network layer routing algorithms in the internet
(POs – 1, 2, 10, 12, PSO – 3)
3. Employ cellular concept to improve capacity of cellular system with limited radio
spectrum (POs – 1, 2, 10, 12, PSO – 3)
4. Appreciate the importance of diversity technique in mobile fading channel. (POs – 1, 2,
10, 12, PSO – 3)
5. Employ the concept of multiple access techniques in 4G/5G mobile communication
standards. (POs – 1, 2, 10, 12, PSO – 3)
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 INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING

Subject Code: EC72 Credits: 3:1:0:0

Prerequisites: Digital Communication Contact Hours: 56
Course Coordinator: V. Nuthan Prasad

UNIT – I

Information Theory: Introduction, Measure of information, Information content of message,

Average Information content of symbols in Long Independent sequences,

Source Coding: Prefix Codes, Source coding theorem, Kraft McMillan Inequality property –
KMI. Encoding of the Source Output, Huffman codes, Arithmetic Coding, LZW Algorithm.

UNIT – II

Information Channels: Communication Channels, Channel Models, Channel Matrix, Joint

Probability Matrix, Mutual Information, Channel Capacity, Special Channel, Capacity of Binary
Symmetric Channel, Binary Erasure Channel, Muroga‟s Theorem, Continuous Channels.

UNIT – III

Linear Block Codes: Introduction, matrix description of linear block codes, Error detection and
error correction capabilities of linear block codes, Single error correcting Hamming codes, Table
lookup decoding using standard array.

UNIT – IV

Binary Cyclic Codes: Algebraic Structure of Cyclic Codes, Encoding using an (n-k) bit shift
register, Syndrome calculation, Error detection and correction

UNIT – V

Convolution Codes: Convolution Encoder, Time domain approach, Transform domain approach,
code tree, Trellis and State Diagram, Viterbi decoding algorithm for the convolution code.

Textbooks:

1. K. Sam Shanmugham, “Digital and Analog Communication Systems”, John Wiley

Publications, 1996.
st
2. Muralidhar Kulkarni, “Information Theory and Coding”, Wiley Publications, 1 Edition,
2015.

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 3. Shu Lin, Daniel J. Costello, “Error Control Coding”, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2 nd Edition,
2004.

References:

1. Bernard Sklar, “Digital Communications”, Pearson Education, 2nd Edition, 2007.

2. Ranjan Bose, “Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography”, TMH Publication, 2 nd
Edition, 2007.
3. Khalid Sayood, “Introduction to Data Compression”, Elsevier, 4th Edition, 2012.

Course Outcomes:

1. Apply basics of information theory to compute entropy, information rate and design
various coding techniques (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, PSOs – 1, 2)
2. Categorize various channels for information transmission and interpret Shannon‟s
theorem in continuous channels (POs – 2, 3, 4, PSOs – 1, 2)
3. Design Linear Block Codes for error detection and error correction (POs – 2, 3, 4, PSOs
– 2, 3)
4. Model Cyclic Block Codes using shift register for error detection and correction
(POs – 2, 3, 4, PSOs – 2, 3)
5. Construct trellis diagrams for Convolution encoders and decode with Viterbi algorithm
(POs – 2, 3, 4, 5, PSOs – 2, 3)

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 EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

Course Code: EC73 Credits: 4:0:0:0

Prerequisites: Microcontrollers Contact Hours: 56
Course Coordinator: Lakshmi Shrinivasan & Suma K V

UNIT – I

Introduction to Embedded Systems: Embedded system vs General computing system,

characteristics of an embedded system, quality attributes of embedded system, core of embedded
system, memory, sensors and actuators, communication interfaces, Embedded firmware design
approaches, embedded firmware development languages.

UNIT – II

ARM7 Processor Fundamentals: ARM Architecture, Registers, current program status register,
pipeline, exceptions, interrupts and vector table, core extensions. Introduction to ARM
Instruction Set: Data Processing Instructions, Branch Instructions.

UNIT – III

Introduction to ARM7 Instruction Set: Load Store Instructions, Software Interrupt Instruction,
Program Status Register Instructions, Loading Constants, and Conditional Execution.

Introduction to the THUMB Instruction set: Thumb register usage, ARM7 – Thumb
Interworking, other branch instructions, Data Processing Instructions, Single register Load –
Store Instructions, Multiple register Load Store Instructions, Stack Instructions, and Software
Interrupt Instruction.

UNIT – IV

Interrupts & Exception Handling in ARM7: Exception Handling Interrupts, Interrupt

handling schemes, Design of system using GPIO‟s (LCD interface, 4 x 4 Keypad), Timers.

UNIT – V

Embedded/Real – Time Operating System Concepts: Architecture of the Kernel, Tasks &
Task Scheduler, and Interrupt service Routine.

I/O peripherals: ADC, DAC, UART, SPI.

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Textbooks:

1. Shibu K V, “Introduction to Embedded Systems”, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill Education,

2009.
2. Andrew N. Sloss, “ARM system Developers Guide”, Elsevier, 1st Edition, 2008.

References:

1. K. V. K. K. Prasad, “Embedded Real-Time Systems: Concepts, Design & Programming”,

Dreamtech Press, 2005.
2. LP2148 user manual.

Course Outcomes:

1. Identify the requirements of an embedded system (POs – 1, 3, PSO – 2)

2. Familiarize with the ARM architecture (POs – 1, 3, 4, PSO – 2)
3. Write programs using ARM / THUMB instruction set (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, PSO – 2)
4. Analyze the various ways of handling exceptions and interrupts in ARM processor
(POs – 1, 2, 4, PSO – 2)
5. Develop embedded C programs to interact with various built in peripherals of ARM7
(POs –1, 2, 3, 4, PSO – 2)

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 WIRELESS AND DATA COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

Course Code: ECL74 Credits: 0:0:1:0

Pre requisites: Digital Communication Laboratory Contact Sessions: 14
Course Coordinators: Flory Francis and T. D. Senthilkumar

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Data Communication

1. Write a program for error detection using CRC-CCITT (16 bits) using C.
2. Write a program for a HLDC frame to perform bit stuffing and destuffing in a single
frame.
3. Write a program for a HLDC frame to perform character stuffing and destuffing in a
single frame.
4. Write a program for encryption and decryption of text.
5. Simulate a three node point-to-point network with duplex links between them. Set the
queue size, vary the bandwidth and find the number of packets dropped using NS2.
6. Simulate a four node point-to-point network, and connect the links as follows: n0-n2, n1-
n2 and n2-n3. Apply TCP agent between n0-n3 and UDP agent between n1-n3. Apply
relevant applications over TCP and UDP agents by changing the parameters and
determine the number of packets sent by TCP/UDP using NS2.

Wireless Communication
1. Analyze the performance of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and M-ary Phase
Shift Keying (PSK) scheme in AWGN channel, and compare the results with theoretical
results.
2. Compute Bit Error Rate (BER) for different digital modulation schemes in frequency-flat
and slowly varying fading channel.
3. Bit error rate analysis of digital communication receivers with Maximal Ratio Combining
(MRC) receive diversity in frequency-flat and slowly varying fading channel.
4. Bit error rate analysis of digital communication receivers with Equal Gain Combining
(EGC) receive diversity in frequency-flat and slowly varying fading channel.
5. Simulation of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) techniques.
6. (a) Measurement of numerical aperture and attenuation loss in analog fiber optic link.
(b) Data multiplexing using fiber optic link

Textbooks:

1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data communication and Networking”, 5th Edition, Tata

McGraw-Hill, 2012.
2. J. G. Proakis and M. Salehi, “Contemporary Communication Systems using MATLAB”,
PWS Publishing Company, 2007.
14
References:

1. James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross, “Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach”,
5th Edition, Addison Wesley, 2009.
2. Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S Davie, “Computer Networks: A Systems Approach”, 5 th
Edition, Elsevier, 2011.
3. T. S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice”, 2nd Edition,
Prentice Hall of India, Third Indian Reprint, 2010.

Course Outcomes:
1. Examine the performance of the algorithms of OSI model layers (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
PSO – 3)
2. Use simulators to evaluate the network performance in different layers like NS2
(POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, PSO – 3)
3. Analyze the performance of the digital modulation receivers in AWGN and fading
channel (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, PSO – 3)
4. Analyze the performance of diversity receiver in multipath fading channel (POs – 1, 2, 4,
5, PSO – 3)
5. Examine the characteristics of analog and digital optical link (POs – 1, 2, 4, 5, PSO – 3)

15
 EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN LABORATORY

Course Code: ECL75 Credits: 0:0:1:0

Prerequisite: Microcontrollers Contact Sessions: 14
Course Coordinator: Lakshmi Shrinivasan & Suma K V

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Part A: Assembly language programs

1. Search a key element “X” in a list of „n‟ 16-bit numbers using binary search algorithm.
2. Sort a given set of „n‟ 16-bit numbers in ascending order using bubble sort algorithm.
3. Reverse a given string and verify whether it is a palindrome or not. Display the
appropriate message.
4. Compute nCr using recursive procedure. Assume that „n‟ and „r‟ are non-negative
integers.
5. Read the current time and date from the system and display it in the standard format on
the screen.
6. ARM assembly language programs for data transfer, arithmetic, Thumb instructions and
logical operations.
7. C Programs for matrix multiplication, matrix addition and sparse matrix implementation.

Part B: Interfacing programs

1. Familiarize I/O ports of LPC 2148 – on/off control of LEDs using switches.
2. Display a given string using the LCD display interface.
3. Interface keypad and display the key pressed on LCD.
4. Waveform generation using the internal DAC of LPC 2148.
5. Convert a given analog voltage to digital using ADC of LPC 2148.
6. Interface a DC motor and control the speed of it.
7. Design and display a 2 digit counter (using timer/counter/capture module of LPC 2148)
Textbooks:

1. Andrew N. Sloss, “ARM System Developers Guide”, Elsevier, 1st Edition, 2008.
2. LPC 2148 user manual.

Reference:

1. Shibu K V, “Introduction to Embedded Systems”, McGraw Hill Education, 2nd Edition,

2009.

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Course Outcomes:

1. Write ARM assembly level programs. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, PSO – 2)

2. Build subroutines using ARM/THUMB instructions (POs – 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, PSO – 2 )
3. Develop embedded C programs to interface display modules (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10,
PSO – 2)
4. Design embedded C programs to interact with data converters (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10,
PSO – 2)
5. Implement digital counter using internal timer module (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, PSO – 2)

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 INTERNSHIP

Course Code: ECIN Credits: 0:0:4:0

The evaluation of students will be based on an intermediate presentation, along with written
report containing a Certificate from the employer. The rubrics for evaluation of the presentation
and the questionnaire for the report will be distributed at the beginning of the internship.

No. of Hrs/Week Marks

Duration
Course Course Total
Practical/ of Exam Credits
Code Name Lecture IA Exam Marks
(Hrs)
Field Work

ECIN Internship - - - 50 50 100 4

Course Outcomes:

1. Analyze the working of complex technical systems/blocks. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, PSOs – 1, 2, 3)

2. Apply modern software tools effectively for design and development of complex technical
blocks. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, PSOs – 2, 3)
3. Appreciate the effectiveness of teamwork in completing complex tasks within deadlines.
(PO – 9)
4. Appreciate the requirements for constant technology updation. (PO – 12)
5. Create quality technical report describing all aspects of the internship. (PO – 10)

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 EVALUATION RUBRICS

Achievement Levels
Maximum
Criteria Inadequate Developing Proficient Marks CO
Marks
Awarded Mapping
(0% – 33 %) (34% – 66 %) (67% – 100 %)

Complex 10 No working knowledge of Working knowledge of the Detailed understanding of CO 1

Technical Blocks the domain. domain, with some the system, along with
knowledge of internal underlying mechanisms.
details.

Modern Software 10 Has not applied any Has applied tools, but Has applied tools CO 2
Tools modern tools for the without proper working effectively to design/
design/analysis of the knowledge, and has not analyze/debug/optimize
technical block diagrams. obtained satisfactory complex technical blocks.
results.

Teamwork 10 Does not understand the Has utilized/partaken in Has effectively CO 3

importance of teamwork team efforts to a limited participated as a member
in a practical setting. extent. in a team, due to which
significant results have
been obtained.

Lifelong Learning 10 No understanding of the Can present examples of Can present examples of CO 4
requirements for lifelong the impact of lifelong the impact of lifelong
learning in the learning in the engineering learning, along with the
engineering profession. industry. requirement of skills
updation in the modern
engineering profession.

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Report Writing 10 Not professionally Professional report writing, Professionally prepared CO 5
written, content not with some of the course report, addressing to full
covering all items of outcomes addressed as part extant all the items listed
course outcome. of the report. as part of the required
outcomes of the
internship.

TOTAL MARKS AWARDED

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 PROJECT

Course Code: ECP Credits: 0:0:16:0

The evaluation of students will be based on an intermediate presentation, along with written
report containing a Certificate from the employer. The rubrics for evaluation of the presentation
and the questionnaire for the report will be distributed at the beginning of the internship.

No. of Hrs/Week Marks

Duration
Course Course Total
Practical/ of Exam Credits
Code Name Lecture IA Exam Marks
(Hrs)
Field Work

ECP Project - - - 50 50 100 16

Course Outcomes:

1. Display an ability to undertake research activities by formulating a hypothesis and testing

through appropriate experiments. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, PSO – 1)
2. Choose and use modern tools most suitable to the chosen technical problem. (POs – 5, 11,
PSO – 2, 3)
3. Analyze and evaluate technical block diagrams and propose suitable modifications to
improve performance. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, PSO – 2, 3)
4. Work effectively as a member or a leader of a team. (POs – 9, 11)
5. Communicate technical content effectively through written report and oral presentations.
(POs – 10, PSOs – 2, 3)

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 Rubrics for Evaluation (Maximum Marks = 50)

Marks
Two reviews will be conducted with the same rubrics, the marks will be averaged. Awarded
GROUP Poor Satisfactory Proficient

Modern Tool Usage Tools chosen are not Tools chosen are Tools chosen are appropriate,
appropriate for the required appropriate, along with the along with results that are
(10) analysis, or are obsolete. most modern version. matching theoretical
Results are incomplete. Results are arguments.
incomplete/incorrect.
(0 – 3) (8 – 10)
(4 – 7)

Teamwork No cohesive teamwork Individuals working Teamwork effectively used to

noticeable, with individuals together, but no clear achieve goals on schedule.
(5) working separately without separation of tasks.
coordination.
(2 – 3)
(0 – 1) (4 – 5)

Project Management No goals and/or timelines set Goals and times set, but no Division into timelines and
for project. continuous evaluation of intermediate goals, along with
(5) progress. periodic reviews and
(0 – 1) observations.
(2 – 3)
(4 – 5)

Report Writing Non uniform/improper Clear formatting, but Clear formatting, with concise
formatting, details are lacking detail. Grammar and precise expression of

22
(10) missing, language and and writing are not ideas. Reference list is
grammar are poor. suitable. adequate with all details.

Poor reference list. Reference list is partial and (8 – 10)

not in proper format.
(0 – 1)
(4 – 7)

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 INDIVIDUAL

Name & USN: Marks

Poor Satisfactory Proficient
Awarded

Effort & Contribution The individual did not The individual contributed The individual has contributed
contribute to the project and modestly to the project, significantly to the project, and
(5) failed to meet and is able to understand is informed about all the
responsibilities. The some of the design criteria design aspects that can impact
individual does not identify in the project. the performance.
key performance criteria of
the system. (4 – 7) (8 – 10)

(0 – 3)

Research/Experimentation Is not familiar with the tools Is familiar with the details Is completely familiar with all
(10) used or the technical block of the technical elements of the technical block
diagram, or the design of implementation. Has used diagram and their
experiments to test the tools, but not to their functionalities. Have run
hypothesis. full extant. Experiments experiments with an objective
are run, but with no to testing specific hypotheses.
(0 – 3) hypothesis testing.
(8 – 10)
(4 – 7)

Presentation No eye contact, voice is low Content is well prepared Connects with the audience
and content preparation and but delivery is poor, with a suitably designed

24
(5) delivery is dry. Poor language skills are content and professional
language skills. inadequate. delivery.

(0 – 3) (4 – 7) (8 – 10)

TOTAL (50)

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 EXTRA AND CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

Course Code: EAC Credits: 0:0:2:0

No. of Hrs/Week Marks

Duration
Course Course Total
Practical/ of Exam Credits
Code Name Lecture IA Exam Marks
(Hrs)
Field Work

Extra and
Co-
EAC - - - 100 - 50 2
Curricular
Activities

Course Outcomes:

1. Apply basic engineering knowledge in competitive situations such as quizzes and tech-
fests. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
2. Design and develop technical solutions that are beneficial to the society.
(POs – 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
3. Communicate technical and non-technical ideas effectively to audiences at different
levels. (PO – 10)
4. Contribute productively to societal causes through their knowledge in technical domains.
(POs – 6, 7, 8)
5. Participate effectively as part of a team to perform technical and non-technical activities.
(PO – 9)

26
 Evaluation Rubrics – Extra/Co-Curricular Activities

The concerned faculty will collect proof and provide marks for the activities, based on the rubrics. Marks may be added, for a total not exceeding
Fifty (50) marks for Extra-Curricular activities/semester and Fifty (50) marks for Co-Curricular activities/semester.

Average Satisfactory Good Excellent

(0 – 25 marks/event) (25 – 40 marks/event) (40 – 45 marks/event) (40 – 50 marks/event)

Organizing Department Level activities Organized activities at the Worked with professional National/International
such as orientation, farewell, college level such as robotics societies (IEEE, NSS) in Conferences, Meetings,
etc. competitions, hackathons etc. student/college chapter or Symposia, etc., participated
individually, for organizing as part of organizing
events inside/outside college. committee.

(including UDBHAV)

Participating Attending activities Participated in workshops in Volunteering work with National/International Level
organized by professional the domain or outside the NGOs, Social Organizations,
societies. domain, organized at a Hospitals, and similar events, such as national
prominent activities undertaken for a conclaves, NCC or other
location/organization outside period of time not lesser than camps, society meetings etc.
college. one week.

Inter-College level activities Emerged victorious in inter- DECA Core Committee

such as quizzes, debates, college/public competitions Members, NSS Core
competitions, etc. in RIT or activities such as quizzes, Committee Members, and
at another college. hackathons, technical similar college level core
competitions, non-technical committee members.
events such as theatre,

27
 debates etc.

RIT Level Sports Day participation, Active members of societies Emerged victorious in events College Team members in
Udbhav participation, in college such as Debate such as sports day, sports such as cricket, tennis,
Technical competitions Society etc. quizzes/debates etc. in etc.
participation. college level events.

28
 LIST OF ELECTIVES

SI. Course Credits

Course Title
No. Code L T P S Total
1. ECE18 Internet of Things (IoT) 3 0 0 1 4
2. ECE19 Multi-resolution Signal Processing 3 0 0 1 4
3. ECE20 Error Control Coding 3 0 0 1 4
4. ECE21 Cyber Security 3 0 0 1 4
5. ECE22 Optical Communication Networks 3 0 0 1 4
6. ECE23 Multimedia Communication 3 0 0 1 4
7. ECE24 Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS) 3 0 0 1 4
8. ECE25 Satellite Communication and GPS 3 0 0 1 4
9. ECE26 Wireless Networks 3 0 0 1 4
10. ECE27 Cryptography 3 0 0 1 4
11. ECE28 Advanced Computer Architecture 3 0 0 1 4

29
 INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)

Subject Code: ECE18 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Prerequisites: Basics of programming Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Lakshmi S.
UNIT – I

Introduction & concepts: Definition and Characteristics of IoT, Things in IoT, IoT Protocols,
IoT Functional Blocks, IoT Communication Models, IoT Communication APIs, IoT Enabling
Technologies, IoT Levels and Deployment Templates, IoT and M2M, SDN and NFV for IoT,
IoT System Management with NETCONFIG-YANG
UNIT – II

Developing Internet of Things: IoT Platform Design Methodology, Specifications:

Requirements, Process, Domain, Information, Services, Level, Functional, Operational,
Integration, Application Development

Python Language: Data Types & Data Structures, Control Flow, Functions, Modules, Packages,
File Handling, Date & Time Operations, Classes, Python Packages of Interest for IoT

UNIT – III
IoT Physical Devices and End Points: Basic Building Blocks of an IoT Device, Raspberry Pi,
Linux on Raspberry Pi, Raspberry Pi Interfaces: Serial, SPI, I2C

Programming Raspberry Pi with Python: Controlling LED, Interfacing Switch, Interfacing

Light Sensor
UNIT – IV

Cloud and Data Analytics: Introduction to cloud storage Models and Communication APIs,
Python

Web Application Framework: Django, Web Services for IoT, SkyNet Messaging Platform,
Data Analytics for IoT, Apache: Hadoop, Oozie, Storm, Real-Time Data Analysis, Tools for IoT

UNIT – V

IoT Case Studies: Home Automation: Smart Lighting, Home Intrusion Detection; Cities: Smart
Parking Environment: Weather Monitoring System, Weather Reporting Bot, Air Pollution
Monitoring, Forest Fire Detection; Agriculture – Smart Irrigation, IoT Printer

Self Study: Exploring programming using Raspberry Pi for application prototypes

30
Textbook:
1. Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, “Internet of Things: A Hands-on Approach”,
Universities Press, 2015.

References:
1. Ovidiu Vermesan, Peter Friess, “Internet of Things – From Research and Innovation to
Market Deployment”, River Publishers Series in Communication, June 2014.
2. Adrian McEwen, Hakim Cassimally, “Designing the Internet of Things”, Wiley
Publications, 2013.

Course Outcomes:

1. Describe the OSI Model for the IoT/M2M Systems. (POs – 1, 2, 12, PSO – 3)
2. Learn basics of design, integration and applications of IoT models. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 12,
PSO – 3)
3. Acquire the knowledge of basic blocks of IOT devices using Raspberry Pi. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 5,
12, PSO – 3)
4. Understand cloud storage models and web services for IoT. (POs – 1, 2, 4, 12, PSO – 3)
5. Appraise with various case studies. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12, PSO – 3)

31
 MULTI-RESOLUTION SIGNAL PROCESSING

Course Code: ECE19 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Prerequisites: Digital Signal Processing Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Maya V. Karki

UNIT – I

Time Frequency Analysis of Signals: Introduction, Short Time Fourier Transform, Gabor
transform, Tiling in time frequency plane.

UNIT – II

Multi-resolution analysis: Scaling functions, Construction of wavelet basis MRA, Haar scaling
functions and function spaces, nested spaces, Haar wavelet function

UNIT – III

Multi-scale Transforms: Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Ridgelet Transform, Curvelet

Transform, Contourlet Transform
UNIT – IV

Theory of Subband Decomposition: Introduction, Multirate systems, Polyphase

Decomposition, Two Channel Filter bank, Biorthogonal filters, Lifting scheme, Applications of
multirate filtering

UNIT – V

Applications of Multi-scale Transforms: Multitone modulation, Image denoising, Progressive

pattern recognition, biomedical signal processing.

Self Study: DFT, STFT and Gabor transform on 1D non-stationary signal, Illustration of scale,
frequency and translation on 1D non stationary signal, Application of multi-scale transforms on
2D signals, Implementation of sub-band adaptive filters, Image denoising using multi-scale
transforms.

Textbooks:

1. K. P. Soman, K. I. Ramachandran, “Insight into Wavelets from Theory to Practice”, 2 nd

Edition, Prentice Hall, 2005.
2. Agostino Abbate, Casimer DeCusatis, Pankaj K. Das, “Wavelets and
Subbands: Fundamentals and Applications”, Birkhäuser, 2002.
3. Aparna Vyas, Soowhan Yu, Joonki Paik, “Multiscale Transforms with Applications to
Image Processing”, Springer Nature Singapore Pvt. Ltd, 2018.

32
References:

1. P. P. Vaidyanathan, “Multirate systems and filter banks”, Pearson Education, Second

Impression, 2008.
2. M. Vetterli, I. Kovacevic, “Wavelets and Subband Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1995.
3. L. Prasad, S. S. Iyengar, “Wavelet Analysis with Applications to Image Processing”,
CRC Press, 1997.
4. Ivan W. Selesnick, Richard G. Baraniuk, and Nick G. Kingsbury, “The Dual Tree
Complex Wavelet Transform”, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, November 2005

Course Outcomes:

1. Apply STFT and Gabor transform on a given signal (POs – 1, 2, 3, PSO – 3)

2. Analyze multi-scale signals and systems. (POs – 2, 3, 4, PSO – 3)
3. Apply various multi-scale transforms on a 2D signal. (POs – 2, 3, 4, 5, PSO – 3)
4. Construct poly phase decomposition and biorthogonal filters (POs – 2, 3, 4, 5, PSO – 3)
5. Employ multi-scale transforms for de-noising, pattern recognition and in biomedical signal
analysis. (POs – 3, 4, 5, PSO – 3)

33
 ERROR CONTROL CODING

Subject Code: ECE20 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Prerequisites: Information Theory and Coding Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: V. Nuthan Prasad

UNIT – I

Introduction to algebra: Groups, Fields, binary field arithmetic, Construction of Galois Field
GF (2m) and its properties, Computation using Galois filed GF (2m) arithmetic, Vector spaces and
matrices on Galois field.

UNIT – II

Linear block codes: Generator and parity check matrices, Encoding circuits, Syndrome and
error detection and error correcting capabilities, Minimum distance considerations, decoding
circuits, Hamming codes, Reed-Muller codes.

UNIT – III

Cyclic codes: Introduction, Generator and parity check polynomials, Encoding using
multiplication circuits, Systematic cyclic codes – generator matrix for cyclic code, Encoding
using feedback shift register circuits, Meggitt decoder, Error trapping decoding, Cyclic hamming
codes, Golay code, Shortened cyclic codes.

UNIT – IV

BCH codes: Binary primitive BCH codes, Decoding procedures, Implementation of Galois field
arithmetic, Implementation of error correction.

UNIT – V

Convolutional codes: Encoding of convolutional codes, Viterbi decoding algorithm for

decoding, soft output Viterbi algorithm, Stack and Fano sequential decoding algorithms,

Self Study: Matrices on Galois field, Syndrome and error detection, Hamming codes, Generator
matrix for cyclic code, Encoding using shift register circuit, Encoding of convolutional codes,
Implementation of Hamming codes, cyclic codes, convolutional codes and Viterbi algorithm

34
Textbooks:

1. Shu Lin and Daniel J. Costello. Jr, “Error control coding”, 2nd Edition, Pearson, Prentice
Hall, 2010.

2. Blahut. R. E, “Theory and practice of Error control codes”, Addison Wesley, 1984.

References:

1. Patrick Guy Farrell, Jorge Castineira Moreira, “Essentials of Error Control Coding”, John
Wiley & Sons, 2010.
2. Todd K. Moon, “Error Correcting Codes”, John Wiley & Sons, 1st Edition, 2006.

Course Outcomes:

1. Apply properties of Galois Field to Groups, Fields, Vector Spaces, row space and sub-spaces.
(POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, PSO – 1)
2. Describe RM codes in error detection and error correction. (POs – 2, 3, 4, PSOs – 1, 3)
3. Demonstrate cyclic block codes in error detection and correction. (POs – 2, 3, 4, PSOs – 2, 3)
4. Illustrate various BCH Codes and apply them for error detection & correction. (POs – 2, 3, 4,
PSOs – 2, 3)
5. Construct higher-order error-control codes and use Viterbi & stack algorithms for decoding.
(POs – 2, 3, 4, PSOs – 2, 3)

35
 CYBER SECURITY

Subject Code: ECE21 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Prerequisites: Cryptography Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Shreedarshan K

UNIT – I

Transport Level Security: Web Security Considerations, Secure Sockets Layer, HTTPS,
Secure Shell (SSH)

UNIT – II

E-mail Security: Pretty Good Privacy, S/MIME, Domain keys identified mail

UNIT – III

IP Security: IP Security Overview, Encapsulation Security Payload (ESP), combining security

Associations Internet Key Exchange.

UNIT – IV

Network Security: Security Architecture, anti pattern: signature based malware detection versus
polymorphic threads, document driven certification and accreditation, policy driven security
certifications. Refactored solution: reputational, Problems: cyber anti patterns concept, forces in
cyber anti patterns, cyber anti pattern templates, cyber security anti pattern catalog

UNIT – V

Cyber Network Security: Enterprise security using Zachman framework, Zachman framework
for enterprise architecture, primitive models versus composite models, architectural problem
solving patterns, enterprise workshop, matrix mining, mini patterns for problem solving
meetings. Case study: cyber security hands on – managing administrations and root accounts,
installing hardware, reimaging OS.

Self Study: Transport Layer Security, IP Security Policy, Cryptographic Suites, behavioral and
entropy based malware detection, Case study: installing system protection/ antimalware,
configuring firewalls.

Textbooks:

1. William Stallings, “Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practice”, 6th
Edition, Pearson Education Inc., 2014.
2. Thomas J. Mowbray, “Cyber Security – Managing Systems, Conducting Testing, and
Investigating Intrusions”, Wiley, 2014.

36
References:

1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 2nd Edition, TMH 2010.
2. Atul Kahate, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2017.

Course Outcomes:

1. Use basic transport level security to network systems. (POs – 1, 2, PSOs – 1, 3)

2. Illustrate e-mail security methods. (POs – 1, 2, PSOs – 1, 3)
3. Illustrate IP security techniques. (POs – 1, 2, 3, PSOs – 1, 3)
4. Generate some cyber anti pattern templates. (POs – 1, 2, 3, PSOs – 1, 3)
5. Solve patterns related to cyber security using different composite models. (PO – 1, 2, 3,
PSOs – 1, 3)

37
 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

Subject Code: ECE22 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Prerequisites: Digital Communication Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: M. Nagabushanam

UNIT – I

Optical fiber waveguides: Historical development, general system, Advantages of optical fiber
communication, Optical fiber waveguides: Ray theory transmission, Modes in planar guide,
Phase and group velocity, Cylindrical fiber: Modes, Step index fibers, Graded index fibers,
Single mode fibers, Cut off wavelength.

UNIT – II

Transmission characteristics of optical fibers: Attenuation, material absorption losses, linear

and nonlinear scattering loss, fiber bend loss, dispersion chromatic dispersion, intermodal
dispersion, polarization, nonlinear effects.

Digital Links: Point to point links, system considerations, link power budget, rise time budget
analysis.

UNIT – III

Optical Sources & Detector: Optical emissions from semiconductor, semiconductor/non

semiconductor injection laser & structures, LED power & efficiency, optical detection principles,
absorption, quantum efficiency, responsivity, semiconductor photo diodes with and without
internal gain.

UNIT – IV

Client layers of the optical layer: SONET/SDH, Multiplexing SONET/SDH Layers, SONET
Frame Structure SONET/SDH Physical Layer, optical transports Network, Ethernet, IP,
Multiprotocol label switching.

UNIT –V

WDM System: Optical Line Terminals, Optical Line Amplifiers, Optical Add/Drop
Multiplexers, OADM Architectures, Reconfigurable OADMs, Optical Cross connects.

Self Study: Mode field diameter, effective refractive index, soliton propagation, LED structures
and characteristics, resilient packet ring, All optical OXC Configurations

38
Textbooks:

1. John M. Senior, “Optical Fiber Communication: Principles and Practice”, 3rd Edition,
PHI, 2010.
2. Rajiv Ramaswami, Kumar N. Sivarajan, Galen H. Sasaki, “Optical networks”, 3rd Edition
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2010.
3. Gerd Keiser, “Optical Fiber Communications”, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2015.

References:

1. Govind P. Agrawal, “Fiber Optic Communication System”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and
Sons, 2010.
2. Djafark Mynbaev and Lowell L. Scheiner, “Fiber Optic Communication Technology”,
Pearson Education, 2006.

Course Outcomes:

1. Describe the light propagation in an optical fiber waveguide. (POs – 1, 2, PSO – 3)

2. Apply the optical losses in the power budget estimation. (POs – 1, 2, 3, PSO – 3)
3. Appreciate the efficiency of optical sources and detectors in the optical communication
system. (POs – 2, 3, 8, PSO – 3)
4. Demonstrate the principle of SONET/SDH standard in optical networks. (POs – 2, 3, 8,
PSO – 3)
5. Demonstrate the principle of optical amplifiers and WDM components. (POs – 2, 3, 8,
PSO – 3)

39
 MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION

Subject Code: ECE23 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Prerequisites: Information theory and Coding Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Maya V Karki

UNIT – I

Multimedia Communications and Information Representation: Introduction, multimedia

information representation, multimedia networks, multimedia applications, application and
networking terminology

UNIT – II

Multimedia operating systems and synchronization: Multimedia resource management and

process management, Synchronization: Notion of synchronization, presentation requirements,
reference model for synchronization, Synchronization specification.

UNIT – III

Text and Image Compression: Text and image representation, Compression Principles, Text
compression: Huffman coding, Arithmetic coding, Dictionary based (LZW) coding, Image
Compression: KL transform, DCT, Wavelet based compression (EZW), JPEG and JPEG 2000

UNIT – IV

Audio Compression Principles and Standards: Basic of audio compression techniques:

ADPCM, Speech coding, Vocoders, Psychoacoustics, MPEG Audio Compression: MPEG
layers, MPEG audio compression algorithm, MPEG – 2 and MPEG – 4, MPEG – 7 and MPEG –
21.

UNIT – V

Video Compression Principles and standards: Introduction to video compression, Video

compression based on motion compensation, search for motion vectors, H.261, H.263 and H.264
standard. MPEG – 1, MPEG – 2, MPEG – 4 and MPEG – 7 standards.

Self Study: Multimedia applications, Text and image representation, audio representation,
Psychoacoustics, H.263, MPEG – 7 standards

Textbooks:

1. Fred Halsall, “Multimedia Communications, Applications, Networks, Protocols and

Standards”, Pearson Education, 2001.
2. Ze Nian Li, Mark S Drew, “Fundamentals of Multimedia” Pearson Edition, 2004.

40
References:

1. Raif Steinmetz, Klara Nahrstedt, “Multimedia: Computing, Communications and

Applications”, Pearson Education, 2002.
2. K. Sayood, “Introduction to Data Compression”, 3rd Edition, Harcourt India Pvt. Ltd.,
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2012.

Course Outcomes:

1. Understand the basics of multimedia communication, information representation, network

terminology and multimedia applications. (POs – 1, 2, 4, PSO – 3)
2. Identify the requirements of multimedia operating systems and synchronization. (POs – 1, 2,
3, 4, PSO – 3)
3. Apply lossless and lossy compression techniques to text and images. (POs – 2, 3, 4, 5, PSO –
3)
4. Demonstrate audio compression standards. (POs – 2, 3, 4, 5, PSO – 3)
5. Distinguish between various video compression standards. (POs – 2, 3, 4, 5, PSO – 3)

41
 REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS (RTOS)

Course Code: ECE24 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Prerequisite: Operating Systems Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinators: Lakshmi Shrinivasan & Suma K V

UNIT – I

Introduction to Real Time Embedded Systems: Brief history of Real Time Systems and
Embedded Systems.

System Resources: Resource Analysis, Real Time Service Utility, Scheduling Classes, The
Cyclic Executive, Scheduler Concepts, Preemptive Fixed Priority Scheduling Policies, Real-
Time OS, Thread Safe Reentrant Functions.

UNIT – II

Processing: Preemptive Fixed Priority Policy, Feasibility, Rate Monotonic least upper bound,
and Necessary and Sufficient feasibility, Deadline – Monotonic Policy, Dynamic priority
policies.

I/O Resources: Worst-case Execution time, Intermediate I/O, Execution efficiency, I/O
Architecture.

Memory: Physical hierarchy, Capacity and allocation, Shared Memory, ECC Memory, Flash file
systems.

UNIT – III

Multi-resource Services: Locking, Deadlock and livestock, Critical sections to protect shared
resources, priority inversion.

Soft Real-Time Services: Missed Deadlines, QoS, Alternatives to rate monotonic policy, mixed
hard and soft real-time services.

Embedded System Components: Firmware components, RTOS system software mechanisms,

Software application components.

UNIT – IV

Debugging Components: Exceptions assert, Checking return codes, Single-step debugging,

kernel scheduler traces, Test access ports, Trace ports, Power-On self-test and diagnostics,
External test equipment, Application-level debugging.

42
Performance Tuning: Basic concepts of drill-down tuning, hardware – supported profiling and
tracing, Building performance monitoring into software, Path length, Efficiency, and Call
frequency, Fundamental optimizations.

UNIT – V

High availability and Reliability Design: Reliability and Availability, Similarities and
differences, Reliability, Reliable software, Available software, Design tradeoffs, Hierarchical
applications for Fail-safe design.

Design of RTOS: PIC microcontroller.

Self Study: Programming in C on Linux platform, Implement Semaphore and pipes, realize IPC
using message queues, pipes, socket programming, creating threads and multithreads using fork()
function, setting up the different priority levels of threads, data transfer between parent and child
process.

Textbooks:

1. Sam Siewert, “Real-Time Embedded Systems and Components”, Cengage Learning

Indian Edition, 2007.
2. Myke Predko, “Programming and Customizing the PIC microcontroller”, 3rd Edition,
TMH, 2008.

Reference:

1. Dr. K. V. K. K. Prasad, “Embedded/Real-Time Systems: Concepts, Design and

Programming”, Dreamtech Press, India, 2005.

Course Outcomes:

1. Appreciate real time embedded systems. (POs – 1, 2, PSO – 2)

2. Select suitable scheduling techniques, I/O resource and real time memory for an embedded
system. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 6, PSO – 2)
3. Interpret the soft real time services, multi resource sharing and various embedded system
components in real time system design. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 5, PSO – 2)
4. Analyze and use software debugging components and performance tuning methods. (POs –
1, 2, 3, 7, PSO – 2)
5. Utilize and build a RTOS API for a given microcontroller. (POs – 1, 3, 5, PSO – 2)

43
 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION AND GPS

Course Code: ECE25 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Prerequisite: Microwave Devices and Radar Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Akkamahadevi M B

UNIT – I

Introduction and Orbital Mechanics: Introduction, Kepler's Law, Orbital elements,

Orbital perturbations, Launches and launch vehicles, launches with geostationary orbit with
AKM launch.

UNIT – II

Space Segment: Power supply, Attitude and Control system, Spin stabilization, Momentum
control, Telemetry, Tracking and Command Subsystems, Transponders, Low noise amplifier &
Receivers, equipment reliability.

UNIT – III
Satellite Link Design: Basic transmission theory, System noise, Uplink, Concept of saturation
of TWTA, Downlink, Combined uplink and downlink C/N ratio & Intermodulation noise system
design example.

Satellite Services: Introduction, VSATs, GPS system and Orbcomm.

UNIT – IV

GPS System: Overview of the GPS System, Space Segment Description, Control Segment, User
Segment.

UNIT – V

GPS Signal Acquisition and Tracking: GPS Receiver Code and Carrier Tracking,
Measurement Errors and Tracking Thresholds, Signal Acquisition, Sequence of Initial Receiver
Operations.

Self Study: Direct launch, Antenna subsystem, Satellite mobile services, Radar sat, Indian space
program for civil aviation, working principle of GPS in mobile.

Textbooks:

1. Dennis Roddy, “Satellite Communications”, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Education

India, 2008.
44
 2. Elliott D. Kaplan and Christopher J. Hegarty, “Understanding GPS Principles and
Applications”, 2nd Edition, Artech House Inc., 2006.

References:

1. Timothy Pratt, Charles W. Bostian, Jeremy E. Allnutt, “Satellite Communications”, 2nd

Edition , John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
2. Pratap Misra and Per Enge, “Global Positioning System – Signals, Measurements and
Performance”, 2nd Edition, Ganga Jamuna Press, 2010.

Course Outcomes:

1. Identify the significance of Kepler‟s laws of orbital mechanism and perturbations. (POs –1,
2, 6, PSO – 3)
2. Illustrate the subsystems of the satellite. (POs – 1, 2, 6, PSO – 3)
3. Design of satellite link budget and analyze the different satellite services for practical
applications. (POs – 1, 2, 6, PSO – 3)
4. Discuss the GPS system segments. (POs – 1, 2, 6, PSO – 3)
5. Describe the GPS signal acquisition and tracking. (POs – 1, 2, 6, PSO – 3)

45
 WIRELESS NETWORKS

Subject Code: ECE26 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Prerequisites: Digital Communication Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinators: Flory Francis, Mamtha Mohan

UNIT – I
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs): WLAN Standards – IEEE 802.11 and its variants,
WLAN Protocols – Physical Layer Protocols, MAC Layer Protocols and WLAN applications.
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs): Protocols – Physical Layer techniques, MAC Layer
Protocols, WBAN Technologies – Bluetooth, Zigbee, UWB and WBAN applications.

UNIT – II
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs): Network Architecture- Piconet and Scatternet,
WPAN Technologies and Protocols -IEEE 802.15.5: Mesh WPAN and WPAN Applications.
Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs): WiMAX, Broadband Wireless Networks –
WLL, LMDS, MMDS, WMAN Applications.
Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs): Interworking of WWAN and WWAN applications.

UNIT – III
MAC Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Introduction, Issues in designing a
MAC protocol for Ad hoc wireless Networks, Design goals of a MAC protocol for Ad
hoc wireless Networks, Classification of MAC protocols. Contention - based MAC protocols
with scheduling mechanism, MAC protocols that use directional antennas, Other MAC
protocols.

UNIT – IV
MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Introduction, Background, Fundamentals of
MAC Protocols, Performance Requirements, Common Protocols, MAC Protocols for WSNs,
Schedule-Based Protocols, Random Access-Based Protocols, Sensor-MAC, Case Study:
Protocol Overview, Periodic Listen and Sleep Operations.

UNIT – V
Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Introduction, Issues in designing a
routing protocol for Ad hoc wireless Networks, Classification of routing protocols, table
drive routing protocol, On-demand routing protocol, Hybrid routing protocol, Routing protocols
with effective flooding mechanisms, Hierarchical routing protocols, Power aware routing
protocols.
46
Self Study: WLAN applications, WBAN applications, WPAN Applications, WMAN
Applications, WWAN applications, Classification of MAC protocols of Ad Hoc wireless
networks, Common WSN MAC Protocols, Classification of routing protocols of Ad Hoc
wireless networks.

Textbooks:

1. P. Kaveh and Krishnamurthy, “Principles of Wireless network: A unified approach”, 1st

Edition, Prentice Hall, 2006.
2. Ozan K. Tonguz and Gianguigi Ferrari, “Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: A Communication
– Theoretic Perspective”, 1st Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
3. Feng Zhao and Leonidas Guibas, “Wireless Sensor Networks – An Information
Processing Approach”, 1st Edition, Elsevier, 2007.

References:

1. Sunilkumar. S. Manvi, and Mahabaleshwar. S. Kakkasageri, “Wireless and Mobile

Networks - Concepts and Protocols”, 1st Edition, John Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2010.
2. C. Siva Ram Murthy and B. S. Manoj, “Ad Hoc wireless Networks”, 2nd Edition, Pearson
Education, 2008.
3. Holger Karl and Andreas Willig, “Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor
Networks”, John Wiley, 2005.

Course Outcomes:

1. Discuss the standards of WLANs and WBANs. (POs – 1, 6, 7, PSO – 3)

2. Describe the significance of WPANs, WMANs and WWANs. (POs – 1, 6, 7, PSO – 3)
3. Explain the MAC protocols for Ad Hoc wireless networks. (POs – 1, 6, 7, PSO – 3)
4. Summarize the MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. (PO – 1, 6, 7, PSO – 3)
5. Outline the Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks. (PO – 1, 6, 7, PSO – 3)

47
 CRYPTOGRAPHY

Subject Code: ECE27 Credits: 3:0:0:1

Prerequisites: Digital Communication Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinator: Shreedarshan K

UNIT – I

Basic Concepts of Number Theory and Finite Fields: Divisibility and the divisibility
algorithm, Euclidean algorithm, Modular arithmetic, Groups, Finite fields of the form GF(p),
Polynomial arithmetic, Finite fields of the form GF(2n), Prime Numbers, Fermat‟s and Euler‟s
theorem, Primality testing, Chinese Remainder theorem, Discrete logarithm.

UNIT – II

Classical Encryption Techniques: Symmetric cipher model, Substitution techniques,

Steganography

Symmetric Ciphers: Data encryption standard (DES)

UNIT – III

Symmetric Ciphers: The AES Cipher.

Pseudo-Random-Sequence Generators and Stream Ciphers: Linear Congruential Generators,

Linear Feedback Shift Registers, Design and analysis of stream ciphers, Stream ciphers using
LFSRs

UNIT – IV

Principles of Public-Key Cryptosystems: The RSA algorithm, Diffie - Hellman Key Exchange,
Elgamal Cryptosystem, Elliptic Curve Arithmetic, Elliptic Curve Cryptography

UNIT – V

Digital Watermarking Fundamentals: Differences between watermarking and steganography,

Applications of steganography, Least Significant-bit substitution, Spatial Domain Watermarking,
Frequency Domain watermarking, Fragile Watermark.

Self Study: Rings and Fields, Transposition techniques, Traditional Block Cipher structure,
Classification in Digital Watermarking based on characteristics and applications, Types of
Steganography, Random Sequence Generation.

Textbooks:

1. William Stallings, “Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practice”, 6th
Edition, Pearson Education Inc., 2014.

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 2. Frank Y. Shih, “Digital Watermarking and Steganography”, CRC Press, 2012.

References:

1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 2nd Edition, TMH, 2010.
2. Atul Kahate, “Cryptography and Network Security”, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2017.

Course Outcomes:

1. Use basic cryptographic algorithms to encrypt the data. (POs – 1, 2, PSOs – 1, 3)

2. Generate some pseudorandom numbers required for cryptographic applications. (POs – 1, 2,
PSOs – 1, 3)
3. Apply symmetric cipher for digital data. (POs – 1, 2, 3, PSOs – 1, 3)
4. Realize asymmetric cipher algorithms using digital data. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4, PSOs – 1, 3)
5. Perform techniques involving digital watermarking and steganography. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 4,
PSOs – 1, 3)

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 ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Subject Code: ECE28 Credits: 3:0:0:1
Prerequisites: Computer Organisation Contact Hours: 42
Course Coordinators: Maya V Karki, V. Anandi

UNIT – I
Parallel Computer Models: Multiprocessors and multicomputer, Multivectors and SIMD
computers.

Program and Network Properties: Conditions of parallelism, Data and resource

Dependences, Hardware and software parallelism, Program partitioning and scheduling.

UNIT – II
Program flow mechanisms: Data flow Architecture, Demand driven mechanisms.

Principles of Scalable Performance: Parallel Processing Applications, Speedup Performance

Laws, Scalability Analysis and Approaches.

UNIT – III
Speedup Performance Laws: Amdhal‟s law, Gustafson‟s law, Memory bounded speedup
model, Scalability Analysis and Approaches.

Advanced Processors: CISC Scalar Processors, RISC Scalar Processors, Superscalar

Processors, VLIW Architectures.

UNIT – IV
Pipelining: Linear pipeline processor, nonlinear pipeline processor, Instruction pipeline
Design, Mechanisms for instruction pipelining, Dynamic instruction scheduling, Branch
Handling techniques, branch prediction, Arithmetic Pipeline Design

Memory Hierarchy Design: Multilevel cache hierarchies, main memory organizations,

design of memory hierarchies.

UNIT – V
Multiprocessor Architectures: Symmetric shared memory architectures, distributed shared
memory architectures, models of memory consistency, scalable cache coherence, design
challenges of directory protocols, memory based directory protocols, cache based directory
protocols.

Self Study : The state of computing, Classification of parallel computers, Grain Size and
latency (U1), Control flow versus data flow, Comparisons of flow mechanisms, Performance
Metrics and Measures (U2), Advanced processor technology, Instruction-set Architectures

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(U3), Cache basics & cache performance, reducing miss rate and miss penalty (U4), cache
coherence protocols (MSI, MESI, MOESI), overview of directory based approaches (U5)

Textbook:
1. Kai Hwang, “Advanced Computer Architecture: Parallelism, Scalability,
Programmability”, 1st Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.

References:
1. Kai Hwang and Zu, “Scalable Parallel Computers Architecture”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.
2. M. J. Flynn, “Computer Architecture, Pipelined and Parallel Processor Design”, Jones &
Bartlett Learning, 1995.
3. D. A. Patterson, J. L. Hennessy, “Computer Architecture: A quantitative approach”, 5th
Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2012.

Course Outcomes:
1. Illustrate understanding of contemporary computer architecture issues and techniques.
(POs – 1, 2, 6, PSO – 2)
2. Discuss the role of parallelism in current and future architectures. (POs – 2, 3, 6, PSO – 2)
3. Analyse the behavior of a pipeline as the processor executes various sequences of
instructions. (POs – 2, 3, 4, 12, PSO – 2)
4. Apply concept and principle of cache and virtual memory to high-performance computer
architecture. (POs – 1, 2, 3, 5, PSO – 2)
5. Compare different multiprocessor architectures and cache coherence protocols. (POs – 2, 3,
6, PSO – 2)

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