Rural Sanitation PDF
Rural Sanitation PDF
Rural Sanitation PDF
https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183109033
ICENIS 2017
Abstract. Clean water and proper sanitation are basic human needs, existing procurement in the Law
of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources and Government Regulation of the
Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2005 on Development of Water Supply System, which the state
guarantees the right of everyone water for basic daily minimum needs to meet the needs of a healthy,
productive, and clean life. Norms every society has the right to get clean air to meet basic daily needs.
One of the points in the goal of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the environment sector is the
guarantee of the community to achieve universal access to clean water and sanitation. The SDG High
Level Panel held in 2012 calls on countries around the world to do so in 2030. Fulfillment of clean air
and sanitation in Indonesia is conducted through two sectoral approaches, the first through agencies, or
related agencies and the second through a Society. In accordance with its community-based principles,
the role itself is a key factor in the success of the program. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find
out the forms of community participation and the factors that influence participation in community-
based water supply and sanitation programs in the field of literature studies of previous research such as
research journals, theses, theses, dissertations and related books This literature study topic.
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Corresponding author:[email protected]
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 31, 09033 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183109033
ICENIS 2017
many companies also contribute through Corporate participation of property [7, 8, 9], labor participation
Social Responsibility (CSR) as a manifestation of [7,9], skills participation [7, 9] , participation of ideas
commitment built by the company to contribute to [7,9], social participation [7,9], participation in decision-
improving the quality of life of the community through making processes [8], and participation of
various programs such as the provision of clean water representatives [8]. The explanation can be seen in Table
and sanitation facilities based on community and direct 1.
water distribution to the community which requires them
to be done by PT. Exxonmobile [4-5]. Table 1. Form of participation
In accordance with its community-based principles,
the active participation of the community itself is a key
factor in the success of the program. Both PAMSIMAS
Form of
and CSR programs are implementation of Community Explanation
participation
Development. Ife (1995) suggests that one of the
principles of Community Development (CD) is A donation of money to facilitate efforts
participation. Participation in community development Money for the achievement of the needs of the
should create an active involvement of all people in the people who need help.
community in the process of community activity [5], Donations of property, for example: work
where one definition of community participation is Material
tools, tools
community participation in the process of identifying
Donations to support the success of the
problems and potentials in society, Problems, Manpower
program
implementation of problem solving efforts, and
community involvement in the process of evaluating the Provide encouragement through skills it
Skills
changes has to other members of the community
To measure the success of water supply and Contribution of ideas, opinions, or
Ideas
sanitation program using community development constructive ideas
approach, among others by looking at the form of Donation Social, attention as a sign of the
community participation in the program where in the Social
community or a sign of closeness
implementation of course influenced by various factors
Decision involved in making decisions related to
both internal and external. With participation, it is
Making common interests
expected that the program will be more sustainable
because it is based on the actual basic needs of the local Provide trust / mandate to the
Representative representative sitting in the organization
community.
or committee
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E3S Web of Conferences 31, 09033 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183109033
ICENIS 2017
The form of community participation given in each elementary school graduates to find out and get
stage of water supply and sanitation program can foster a involved, especially if the activities are profitable [10].
sense of togetherness in realizing an awareness of The targets of rural water supply and sanitation programs
environmental conditions in the region, a sense of implemented in the villages are poor, thus providing
ownership of existing facilities and infrastructure, so as opportunities for lower-level communities to take a more
to have a considerable effect on the smoothness and dominant role so that financial capability should not be
sustainability of the program. an obstacle to participation. This can be seen from some
people who participate in the water resources
management program is a society with a range of income
3 Factors Affecting Community <Rp. 700.000, - [10, 11, 15].
Participation For work is very diverse, but because the program
is implemented in the village, it is mostly as laborers and
From the literature it is found that generally community private [10, 11]. As for ethnicity and religion it is usually
participation is influenced by two factors, namely related to the status of the community whether as a
internal and external. native or an immigrant [10, 11, 15].
1) Internal factors that include individual Research conducted [15] by comparing community
characteristics that can affect the individual to participation in two receiving villages of PAMSIMAS
participate in an activity, namely age, sex, family receiving Village Hibah Incentives (HIDs) and those not
status, education level, ethnicity, religion, language, receiving HIDs, it was found that the factors that led to
occupation, income level, the distance of the house to the implementation of participation in HID villages were
the location of work or activity And land ownership optimal because of strong community characteristics
[13] And influential in every stages of the program so as to
2) external factors are all outside parties with an form a joint strength to build and target the success of
interest and have influence on the program, among the program PAMSIMAS can be more easily achieved,
others Village managers, community leaders, Local and the level of participation in the management phase
Government, NGOs, third parties (NGOs, Social has reached the level of full control (full control).
foundations, Universities) [14] From the research results, the role of village officials,
community leaders, local government, and
Individual characteristic factors can affect group accompanying teams and NGOs have an effect on the
activity, individual mobility and financial ability [6]. level of community participation. Approaches with
From several research results indicate that the age of the attention, attending meetings, providing direction and
respondents significantly influence the participation of input, and interacting directly with the community are
the community. This means that the high level of effective in encouraging people to support the program
community participation is strongly influenced by the [10].
age society composition [10, 11, 15, 16]. In this case the Factors - factors above determine the shape and level
number of respondents who answered based on the of community participation that takes place in an
results of questionnaires and interviews is not a activity. The effect that appears at each place is not the
representation of the age of the community as a whole at same, although it takes place in a nearby area. In
the study site, because in the study only took a addition, the ability of factors to affect each individual is
representative sample of the family as users of clean also not the same.
water infrastructure.
Gender influences liveliness in discussions,
donations and the involvement of physical activities. 4 Conclusion
Male respondents were more active in following
activities than women [10, 11, 15]. According to The form of community participation in the
Soedarno et. Al (1992) this can happen because within implementation of community-based water supply and
the social coating system on the basis of this sexuality, sanitation program is in the form of money, thought,
the male class has a number of privileges over the energy, material or material contribution, and decision
women. Thus the tendency is that men's groups will making. Factors affecting community participation are
participate more [17]. divided into internal factors derived from within the
Educational factors are considered important because community itself, ie individual characteristics, while
through education, one will more easily communicate external factors are external factors that can encourage or
and interact with others and quickly respond to the hamper participation, among others the role of village
development of knowledge and technology. The higher officials, community leaders, local government, NGOs
the education, of course, has a broad knowledge of and accompanying teams or facilitator.
development and the role of the given role [6]. With a
high level of education a person has more knowledge in Reference
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3
E3S Web of Conferences 31, 09033 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183109033
ICENIS 2017