Effectiveness of E-Learning Activities
Effectiveness of E-Learning Activities
Effectiveness of E-Learning Activities
Chapter I
rapidly as the speed of light. Logging on the internet will be the first thing they do
in the morning and logging off will be the last thing they do at night. Technology
has become such a big part of students’ life that cellular phones, personal
computers, portable media players, and others of their kind have become daily
necessities.
Foremost among these are young learners aged 12 to 19 who spend a lot of
time talking to their friends on their cell phones sending text messages, interacting
through social networking sites like Facebook, playing video games, and surfing
hampers the learning process; however, some people see it as a necessary tool that
can help educators in improving learning inside and outside of the classroom.
(Nielsen 2002)
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and LCD projectors minimize the use of chalkboards for instructions, although the
Essays that were used to be handwritten are now encoded using word
processing software. References are no longer limited to books that can be found
in libraries. They are now extended to the vast sources of knowledge that can be
found on the internet. These include websites where lively discussions of lessons
that were videotaped and uploaded on the web so that students can watch the
lectures online when they sick or while they are busy doing other things.
classroom can affect students’ daily learning experiences. “In today’s modern and
highly technological world, new and new information are coming out regularly
that it has become a precondition for coping with change to cope in learning. Even
Based on this, we can infer that Filipino learners have the necessary skills
to keep up with technology and that they can be used to target the students’
setting. The dynamic nature of the internet and computers; however, offers a future
of continual growth even beyond what can be imagined today. Even with the
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understanding that the electronic learning materials that are being introduced to us
in the classroom may still be in its developmental infancy, English educators must
not ignore the vast amount of resources that the worldwide community can give.
Many admit that current teachers generally use the traditional approach used on
learners of the past, (those who were acquainted with linear, textual, and sequential
learning).
be hard for the teacher to encourage participation in the classroom discussion using
the old ways. Cases like students chatting with their seatmates to ease boredom,
These kinds of situations make the researcher – who has taken Educational
realize that the students’ action is rooted from the lack of interest to listen – simply
focusing on memorizing lessons like what they usually did in the past instead –
English classes should be interactive and creative. Thus, there is a need for modern
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This effort has been legalized and concretized in the passage of relevant
private sector efforts in making the Philippines “an electronically enabled country,
conference on e-learning; 3.) Enabling more schools to teach ICT courses and
encouraging the sharing of ICT faculty, libraries, computer facilities, etc. and; 4.)
Promoting the sharing of e-learning centers and the collaboration of the schools in
institutions, the researcher would like to use her study to find out if the use of e-
learning materials during English classes has any effect on the students’ academic
performance, the process with which she conducted it would be discussed and
questions:
English subject?
2. What is the difference between the pre-test and post-test performance of the:
3. Is there a difference between the pre-test results of the Experimental Group and
Through the findings of the study, the researcher hopes to better understand
the study can bridge the gap between the theoretical aspect of the use of e-learning
materials and their actual use in the classroom as well as provide her and other
aspiring educators like her with valuable insights on the use of e-learning materials
and activities once they have become a part of the academe themselves.
She also hopes that this study will let students, current educators, and
For this study, the researcher chose fifty (40) third-year high school
The study used a cooperating teacher, the English teacher of the students, to
ensure that the quality of teaching was the same as what they experience on a daily
basis. The teacher tackled the same lesson that is scheduled for that week for both
groups. The researcher was hands-on in the integration of the e-learning materials
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and activities in one of the groups and the restriction in the use of technology in
the other.
materials that can be delivered on a CD ROM or DVD, over a local area network
(LAN) or on the internet a confusion for what e-learning activities this study it will
arise. It Includes computer based Training (CBT), WEB BASED Training (WBT),
Distance online learning and on online tutorials (Ron Kurtus, 2004); however, in
this study, the term e-learning is used to represent materials and activities that the
computer and LCD projector used to create and deliver a PowerPoint presentation.
2. A computer with access to the internet used for research purposes. 3. A wod
processing program used by the students to ___4. Electronic devices with access to
the internet which were used to send the students’ work to their teacher’s e-maill
which were used to access the Facebook group where discussions were continued
The fact that the school is a private institution may affect the findings of
the study for the obvious reason that the students have more access to the latest in
This study was represented by the student in private school and may limit
the study to cover factors such as financial matter and lack of exposure to
exposure to e-materials/activities.
The researcher conceptualized that the learning will not be difficult for
the student if the teacher knows the student needs and abilities in order to adopt the
Learners way of acquiring knowledge, if the teachers fails to do so, the students
The researcher believes that one important part of learning is the materials
and activities used that will improved learning. It will contribute to the effective
subject and the learning process. The main advantage of e-learning is that it
requisite for learning. As a result, students score in examination may improve. The
illustration below shows two way arrow of how e-learning will affect the English
language learner and the students’ perception regarding the materials in English
point of view.
Research Paradigm
Student’s English
subject Achievement
Use Of E-learning
Activities in
teaching English
Student’s perception of
the E-learning activities
in teaching English
activities, English language achievement of the student and Perceived effects in the
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performance of the grade 9 students, the variables presented in using boxes. The
independent variable is the e-learning activity which is presented in the first box in
the left, considering that it will affect the English language achievement of the
student. The 2nd box in the upper right presents the dependent variable whereas the
student are expected to improve in English language learning that will be measure
through pretest and posttest after before and after the integration of e-learning
activities in English lessons inside and outside the classroom. Meanwhile, the 3rd
box in the lower right shows the effects of the e-learning activities according to the
students perception after the constant used of e-learning activities in the lesson. In
the illustration above, the arrow shows the two way connecting flow information
For the vivid understanding of the study, key terms are operationally and
Posttest it refers to the test given to students after exposure to the developed e-
learning activities.
measure. This is the process of measuring the validity of the developed e- learning
Pretest refers to the test prior to determine the knowledge level of students in
exposure to the English lesson which is measured through the post test.
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Chapter II
This chapter presents the review of related literature and related studies
needed in the study through book readings, thesis reading and internet surfing.
Related Literature:
Local literature
words today we will immediately think that it is the computer based instruction
and its peripherals like LCD which is the target of the researchers study. But
technology also includes the ingenious materials which have been used in the past
and which have been proven as reliable by the educator. Below is a graphic
(2012).
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materials usually real objects or those that are made of paper and cardboards such
as pictures, illustration, drawing, poster, graph, charts, maps etc. Realia or objects
and their edited version like models, mock ups, and specimen and like such.
and more importantly the computer and it’s pheripherals like LCD, printer and
scanner.
The most pervasive modern technology for teaching and learning in these
contemporary times is the computer and its various applications. In fact all
educational efforts are being geared towards its used. It’s effectiveness in teaching
theories, laws principle, methods and the learning strategies of teaching. They
involves the results of researches and studies in order to facilitate teaching and
learning.
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Educational technology covers every part of this study. It will be a big help
to the researcher if there will be information regarding about the overview of the
E-learning
media such as the Internet, personal computers, phone bridging, audio and
area network (LAN) or on the internet. It Includes computer based Training (CBT),
WEB BASED Training (WBT), Distance online learning and on online tutorials
(Ron Kurtus, 2004) E-learning provides the student with the information that can
activities.
* Process data and report results in data based, Spreadsheet, PPT, word processing
etc.
“(Quirk in Pollock 2007) To this end ISTE (2007) release of National Educational
Technology standard for student: the next generation indicates that to learn
know and be able to use technology for creativity and innovation communication
solving and decision making digital citizenship and technology education concept,
time and place constraints. He can also go through the lessons at his own space.
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technology in teaching and learning namely: A.) Setting and learning objectives
learning can be one of the bases of the process of creating e-learning experience
conduction of the device in the physical nervous system which came from his idea
1. Self-activity- means that the student must ultimately the initiator of all learning
activities.
5. Socialization –one of the most important factor and the instruction should take
ignore the fact the use of ICT is part of our everyday life. One of the requirements
for newly qualified teachers of the national Curriculum is to be able to use ICT in
their teaching ( Crisan et. al. 2007).Skinner (1958) that the people can learn more
difficulties which might occur in the process of normal school work. One question
that needs to be asked, however is how teacher decides which software tools are
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most appropriate to be used with their pupils but also what to make use them
.Forgasz H. and prince N.(2002) researched that the most popular content
software.
The importance of ICT researched carried out by Ofsted for the period
2005 to 2008 recorded a gradual increase of the used of ICT in secondary schools.
Pupils show progress in using the basic application: Spreadsheet, PowerPoint etc.
and they did not show and understanding of the computer’s programming
appropriate and proven e-learning program can be used by both teachers and
student alike. The absence of computers, audio systems, CD players and more
experience. According to him with the vast and prolific outputs mad from the
classroom lessons, students are now highly equipped to use the technical advances
Students find this activity interesting, fun, and exciting in the exploration of skills
need for then learners to achieve digital literacy in their learning in response to
shall extend classroom activities to the world of digital works and information
where students are free to exchanges ideas and explore skills in taking
cases it was specifically raise in this journals. The researcher tried to gather up
Foreign literature
assisted instruction (CAI).In traditional way it is the tutor, tool, and tutee model.
Magnifying this CBI via internet as the Tool for teacher and student will give as
another angle of learning, learning with connections all over the world. According
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programming and blogging technology which clearly offers powerful learning tool
information and programs that can be copied for personal use and to the
The internet provides highly efficient access to variety of helpful and simulating
resources from the outset. Meanwhile, Cox (2008) stated that Student should be
the net is not enough. Just as teacher assess, plan, and guide instruction using
books, discussion, graphic organizers and soon, they should provide classroom
experience using the internet following the same goals and strategies.
Cited by Bitter and Pierson (2005), research into the effect of technology
findings. Six grade students who wrote composition in word processors showed
process not a substitute for process itself. In fact, first-graders, whose use of
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computers resulted in longer writing including more words and more sentences,
improved in their writing abilities not because they like using computers, but
because specific aided software aided the writing process(Barrea, Rule, & Diemart
2001).On the side of the teacher word processing allows them to reevaluate
rather than linear as it frequently is when student use paper and pencil.
affects methods.
The researchers included the studies from the book related to language
teaching and ICT software specifically word processing because not only abroad it
is observable that it is one of the most commonly used ICT software in the
Philippines. Based from this fact it will be part of e- learning instruction that will
his theory is the constructivist theory which concerns the basic principles and
person knows is not passively receives, but actively assembled by the learner. The
second principle is that learning serves an adaptive function that the role of
learning is to help individual operate within personal world. Learning is not the
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“storage of truth”, but useful personal knowledge based from Grabe Mark & Cindy
(1998).
The fundamental goal should be the ability to perform relevant tasks in exactly the
world examples.
reality that based on what they learn and experience as they mature. In other
words, they learn throughout their lives by exploring and discovering new things.
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E-Learning
(Brno 2011) E-learning can be approached from two basic angles – it can
computer networks. Its main task is free and in time and space unlimited access to
information resources and solutions, the goal of which is to enhance individual and
access to knowledge whereas the second definition says that the main goal is the
improvement of the learning output. It is possible to combine these goals and say
that thanks to the rich learning environment and the unlimited access to
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suitable quality and acceptable cost. As such, e-learning has without doubt its place
in modern education.
Forms of E-Learning
Kopecký calls these ways “the basic forms of e-learning” . These, he further
Online e-learning
require Internet connection. Instead it works with media such as CDs or DVDs
containing educational content. Basically it is possible to say that these two forms
differ in the way of mediation of the educational content. More importantly, base
from Wikipedia, online learning is divided into two more forms: “synchronous”
and “asynchronous”. These two terms can be useful to be familiar with as they are
or chat rooms. The time and opportunity for learners to participate is controlled”.
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access to the course content or communication can take place at any time, and
time and from different places, whereas synchronous learning offers to the
participants a real-time experience, which means that they can interact only as far
as they “meet” online at the same time. The concerned of this thesis was especially
Definitions of e-learning are broad and were dependent in how you are
terms that will help the researcher to distinguish terms and give picture of the
studies. As indicated above that there is two angles that can be viewed in e-
learning, this study bounded the proposed e-learning activities as a set of tools
supporting the educational process. It will be used both offline and online activities
to learners in that access to the course content or communication can take place at
any time and from different places. Together with the objective of the activities
that gave the students to accomplished the task individually or in a group in their
convenient time before the deadline of the activities as well as the teacher’s
schedule.
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Local Studies:
must consider the interest of that can arouse the curiosity and sustain learning or
the clientele. Relevance of the material that can portray the experience provided by
the learning by the age is related to the learner’s personal needs or goals. Learners
are expected to succeed in the learning insist success when you used the
instructional material and the satisfaction of the learning in performing the task.
interest. Interested students challenge their existing knowledge and are more likely
that the students give for learning mastery. By focusing on the students’ current
beliefs, you increase the probabilities that student will intrigued and explore their
active exploration.
practice of creating instructional tool and content to help facilitate learning most
effectively by the process consist broadly of determining the current state and
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needs of the learner defining goal of instruction and creating some intervention to
assist in the transition ideally the process infused with pedagogically tested
theories of learning and may take place in student, teacher led or community base
assist teaching and learning have been produced electronically, but it is unclear to
what extent, all of this is used to students and lecturer when it comes to real
teaching and learning. Looking in the examples of electronic tools indicates not
only the main reasons why electronic materials have not completely replaced the
The e-learning is not made to suggest of facing out of the traditional tool
of instruction and facilitator but rather for the development of both. E-learning is
Caberte, et. al. (2011) Media and modern technology has an effect in every
student in their study. It is also the material that can help them to do their
assignments, projects, reports, and everything that related to the study. There
different kinds of modern technology in our times today. Some of it may good or
bad for the students, it defends in how they were influence by it; there are also
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some factors that influence the pupil by the media and in the improvement on their
communication skill.
As teacher’s we must be able to extract the good things from the activities
the student normally do to their computers or in the internet. The influence can be
Albo C.G. et. Al. 2004 Computers is and other communication technology
is integrated in instruction in most school. The computers are potential tool for
discovery apart from being a mere discriminator of facts. As via pointed out the
computer creates people who demonstrated what they have learned. Further it
allows the student to investigate research questions about the natural ad physical
development of our time. When computers become art of instruction the student
Students can be freed from constrained the linear pure word based reports, this
allowing them to express their mastery of subject through media of their own.
often evaluated through students output based from the content of instructional
materials with this premises an ideal lesson is varied in many ways interactive in
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learning situation. Furthermore, a lesson is equipped with its best tool aside from
materials revive the learning within and infuses greater creativity in carrying out
task both for the teacher as facilitator and the student as interactive learning that
On the other hand the good use of English is important for all students but
particularly for those who are studying it. Communication alone is but a broad
materials; 1.) Relevance -the use of the instructional materials must be related to
subject matter. 2.) Size- the instructional materials must be seen by the farthest
pupil. 3.) Novelty- The use of instructional materials must arouse the curiosity of
instructional materials today is in the focus which helps to improve the academic
in form of electronic learning activities was introduced to the learners where they
can find themselves that they can learn to the instructions which they can relate the
most and which can enhance their least-learned competencies. Electronic learning
activities are an independent unit of instruction with a primary focus on few well-
defined objectives. The material was guided the learner’s and allowing the learners
to proceed at his own pace with the assistance of teacher. This is a great help in
Foreign Studies
education use adult learning theories that view the educator as a facilitator of
shift focus of course rom educator to subject. Where the educator is not a
Based from the constructivist theory, Sherman & Kurshan (2010) sated
little more than extraneous bells and whistles pointlessly tacked onto routine
instruction. The plash and splash of power point presentation may look good, but
many question the value added to student learning. Congruent to their study
Learner centered, Interesting, Real life, Social, Active, Time, Feedback and
classroom.
Nobody denies the challenge is great and we don’t claim that technologies will
make the task easy. But, as we illustrated technologies can provide teaching tools
that you can genuinely integrate into the instructional fabric of classrooms. In
became good learner and also use the technology as effective tools to content. The
goal of constructivism- teaching student so they know how and what to learn- is
the path to fuller and more relevant understanding of life important lessons.
constructivist theory as the basis of the teaching characteristic which was the
teaching EFL are becoming more widespread in higher educational institutions and
education through software with the advantages of traditional classroom study and
network services should be actively used in the learning process as they are
CHAPTER III
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This chapter presents and explains the theoretical framework and logical
methods that will be used in the study, as well as the sampling procedure will be
presented. Statistical treatment and measurement will also be explained for the
techniques for the instrument and data gathering complete the procedure utilized.
Theoretical Framework
( Lucido 2011)We shall again look at the computer, but this time from
Constructivism was introduced by Piaget (1981) and Bruner (1990). They stressed
discovery of new materials, concept, and principles in the learning process. Various
from which they can induce ideas and principles. Students are also asked to apply
Given its present day speed, flexibility, and sophistication, the computer
and other e-learning tools can provide access, foster creative social knowledge-
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building, and enhance communication inside and outside the classroom. Without e-
learning activities, learning today may still involve the tedious task of memorizing,
connection is established between prior knowledge and the present day learning
activities.
can also be socially constructed. Social constructivism is an effort to show that the
In effect, this is to say that the learner who interprets knowledge has a
or society he lives in. So, the learner’s interest and ability to learn will be affected
by what was happening in their social life, in their family, friends, and society. The
therefore suggested the interactive process in learning. The more capable adult
(teacher or parent) or classmate can aid or complement what the learner saw in the
given project.
adaptation. For Dewey, human learning is really human language that occurs when
activity means that the student must ultimately become the initiator of all learning
lives.
(2.) Students’ interest or motivation is one of the keys in the success of the
teaching and learning process. Dull and boring classrooms will never be conducive
to learning. If the learning process will not be fun for the students, learning will be
a problem. In the digital world we have today, e-learning materials are one of the
what today may activate prior experience. Like what constructivism says, there are
no two students who will create exactly the same set of meaning because all of us
should take place in the natural social setting. Today, the natural environment of
the students covers internet and social networking sites. Laptops and cellphones
became part of their daily lives, so the researcher believes that it is now part of
their natural social setting. We can use these facts to get a better understanding of
different authors in their study. Likewise, it supports the theories above. This
provides insight and important information on how teachers and students can
Research Methodology
Research Design
descriptive method of research. This kind of study was termed as the Mixed
Method Approach ( Tejero 2011). The study focused on how the E-learning
activities can affect English learners’ performance. The study will use a group of
English learners handled by one English teacher .They will be divided equally into
two groups which will be based on their English pre-test results grade. The first
and learning English. The second group will be taught without any use of e-
learning tools or activities. The lesson that will be presented will be the same in
both groups. The data will be obtained from the pre-test and post-test in each of the
lessons. It will be used to measure the students’ performance in the given lessons.
The researcher also decided to use the descriptive method in the form of a
activities in teaching English after being exposed to the e-materials. It will be used
The independent variable in this study is the e-learning activities that were
used in teaching English while the dependent variable of the study was the
Research Universe
The research setting chosen for this study was Calayan Educational
third-year classes (sections Santos and Joaquin) due to the availability of materials
such as LCD projectors and computers. The respondents also have access to the
internet inside and outside of the school as they own gadgets and computers at
home. The school, respondents, and the teacher can be easily accessed by the
researcher. The age of the respondents is also in the middle of the 45% of the
internet users in the Philippines ( Neilsen 2002). They are the students who are
already exposed to the gadgets and other electronic devices that will be used in the
study.
Research Sample
(40) third-year high school students (sections Santos and Joaquin) from Calayan
The gender distribution was half of each, twenty (20) were females and
twenty (20) were males. An English Language teacher was involved in choosing
the e-learning activities and validating the results. Since, the research is about the
choosing the research sample, the students’ English pre-test results were the basis
Sources of Data
The data will be taken from the information provided in the questionnaire.
With the help of the coordinating teacher, the researcher devised pre-test and post-
test questionnaires based on the lesson which became the basis of the students’
measure the students’ perception of learning English through the regular use of e-
learning materials.
The researcher went through three phases of data gathering. First was the
selection and the creation of e-learning activities that were used in the first group.
Second part was the lesson proper where the pre-test and post-test was given to the
group that was exposed to e-learning activities and the group that was not.
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The third part was the measurement of the students’ perception of the
The time coverage of the experimentation and data gathering were seven
(7) days.
For the first group, the cooperating teacher taught the lesson with the use of
was given at the end of the week. It was composed of twenty (25) items.
For the second group, the same lesson was introduced; however, the
traditional board work and lectures were utilized using the same lesson and
difficulty of activities that was used for the first group. Like the first part, the pre-
test and post-test were given before and after the English lessons.
The third part was a checklist composed of questions that measure the
The researcher asked the teacher what activities and e-learning materials
may be used in her class. It will depend on the availability of the materials in
school. The researcher asked the teacher in advance what the lesson for the week
would be before the researcher conduct the study so the cooperating teacher and
41
her will be able to come up with varied e-learning activities. The duration of the
class and the particular lesson that the teacher discussed were considered to
professionals. A dry run was also conducted so the questionnaire will be tested.
The checklist that was used to measure the student’s perception of the
effects of the e-learning activities after the exposure to e-learning materials was
based on studies that the researcher used as references for her related literature. It
from the principal and the chairperson to allow her to validate the electronic
learning activities of the students. When the approval was granted, the letter of
approval for the validation and implementation of the e-learning activities was
given to the English Language teacher. After that, the data were tallied, tabulated,
and analyzed.
Statistical Treatment
The researchers used the actual value scale of the respondents in the
pre-test and post-test. The following formula was used to address the sub-problems
Mean: X=
Standard Deviation :
Ʃ= sum of
x =each score
t =;df=n-1
t = t-value
; df = n1+n2-2
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df=degrees of freedom
To determine the level of interest of students on the developed electronic
material, which will lead to the sub problem number three, the formula for average
f = Frequency Distribution
N = Number of Respondents
The scale below was used to determine the ratings of the perceived effects of e- learning