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Nouns
- words that name people, animals,
• There are 8 Parts of Speech . . . things and ideas
• Nouns ***It is important to understand Functions ~ Examples
• Verbs that every word in a sentence has a
job to do / a role in the sentence. Person ~ doctor, smuggler, employer, janitor
• Pronouns
• Adjectives Animal ~ whale, elephant, horse, dinosaur
– Articles ( some say this is part of adjectives) Place ~ path, beach, jungle, Petaling Jaya
• Adverbs Thing ~ flag, clock, flower, table
• Conjunctions Idea / concept ~ democracy, universe, patriotism, cleanliness
Emotion ~ depression, happiness, anger
• Prepositions
Time ~ year, week, hour, seconds
• Interjections
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Types of Nouns Examples

• Person: Mr. Wang likes to eat greens.

• Place: Muar is an old town.

• Thing: To cook, you need some pots.

• Quality: Honesty is a value I treasure.

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Pronouns
Exercise 1 Underline the nouns - takes the place of a noun
Examples:
1. Angela has had a lot of success in the past year. A riddle: A doctor and a bus driver in love
2. Ben has little tolerance for people who waste
their time.
A doctor and a bus driver are both in love with the
3. The desire for power has ruined many good same woman, Sarah. The bus driver had to go on a
people.
long bus trip that would last a week. Before he left,
4. I think Cindy should go to university to study he gave Sarah seven apples. Why?
science.
5. We need to get some new furniture for our
home.

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Types of Pronouns Adjectives

- describes a noun
The beautiful woman only wanted the pink
stilettos.

The rainy day made us even sadder.

Some people like to watch scary movies. My

brother too. This week he plans to watch a
Japanese horror movie called ‘Dark Water’.
He is not faint-hearted.
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Exercise 3 Articles
the, a- , an
• Write a sentence using all these words. (some grammarians say it’s a different part of speech while some say it’s
part of adjectives)
He happily sat on a ……………………..sofa.
• brown • The bicycle was not only red but also shiny.
• comfortable • She is the prettiest girl in the university.
• Italian • Being an excellent student, Armando
• old passed all his exams.
• leather • I only had a slice of bread for breakfast.
• wide
• long
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Verbs Exercise 2 – Some verbs are underlined.

- show action or state of being Identify the others which are not.
A bank teller in Italy was jilted by his girlfriend and
Functions ~ Examples
decided the only thing left to do was kill himself. He stole
a car with the idea of crashing it, but the car broke down.
Action Verb ~ studies, dreaming, ate, found, left, wanted He stole another one, but it was too slow, and he barely
dented a fender when he crashed the car into a tree. The
police arrived and charged the man with auto theft. While
Helping Verb ~ is, are, was, were, has, have, will being questioned, he stabbed himself in the chest with a
dagger. Quick action by the police officers saved the man's
life. On the way to his cell, he jumped out through a third
Modal Verb ~ can, will, must, should, might, ought to
storey window. A snowdrift broke his fall. A judge
suspended the man's sentence, saying, "I'm sure fate still
Infinitives ~ to hear, to pack, to leave, to cook 11 has something in store for you." 12

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Adverb Types of Adverbs

- describes a verb, an adj. or
another adverb

Examples

• The little girl walked happily through the

park.

• The orphan hungrily ate the hot stew.

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Prepositions
- links nouns, pronouns and phrases to
other words in a sentence

Example:
1) I'm tired of waiting for you.
2) I'm looking for my keys. Has anyone found
them?
3) They dream of moving to South Africa.
4) McDonalds is also known for its sponsorship in
various international sport events.
5) We must finish the project within a year.
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Exercise 4 Conjunctions
- words that join words, phrases or
1. He made his escape by jumping ______ the window and
______ a waiting car.
sentences
A. over / into
B. between / into
• Handy Manny and Dora love cooking for others.
C. out of / between
D. out of / into
E. up to / out of • You will go to school, or you will fail.

2. Are you travelling to Paris ____ business or ____ holiday?

A. for / for • I am happy because I just received my allowance.
B. on / for
C. for / on
D. on / on • The management gave him a warning since he
E. for / about always got into problems with his staff.
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Coordinating / Subordinating Interjections

Conjunctions - expressive words
• Wow! You knocked that ball out of the
park.
• Huh, what did you say?
• Ah, now I understand the problem.
• "Hey! Look at that!”
• Ahh, that feels wonderful!

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Activity: Each of the following sentences has ONE error. Identify and correct the error

Identify each word in the following 1.Whether forecasters warned that more snow can be expected with a rapidly developing low pressure
heading east.

sentence.
2.A bid to safe a young giraffe from destruction at a zoo has failed, and the giraffe was put down on
Sunday morning
3.The jewellery industry is one of the fastest growing industy in India.
4.The Red Crescent, in an joint operation with the UN, is trying to deliver food, water and medicine by
truck to the civilians in rebel-held areas.
The stunning princess was walking slowly on 5.The urban tree festival will consist of a whole lot of activities excluding art exhibition, tree-based
games and fun activities for children.
6.The Jews and Chinese are linked by historic coincidence, in addition to filial piety and the Golden
Rule.
the cool lawn, and she was reading an 7.People in the valley know each other as he have worked with one another.
8.It is altogether a vibrant and innovatively culture that continues to produce dividends decade after
decade.
interesting book which she enjoyed on knights 9. Silicon Valley is a largely unpopulated agricultural area at the end of World War 2.
10.Researchers have warned that drinking fruit juice as a substitute for fruits could be counter-
productive due to its high sugar contain.
11.Patiences are looking for safe and low-cost choices in their management of cancer.
and kings. 12.The lesser flamingo, the smaller in the family, is pale to dark pink in colour and has a dark red bill.
13.Researchers are developing a new technique that allow identification of people through their body
odour.
14.In spite being one of the few women working on the mission to Mars, Mrs. Sampath says she has
never felt being differently treated.
15.Google is by far the most popular search engine, accounting for 90 percentage of all searches in the
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world.

ERRORS CORRECTIONS
1.
2.. End of Lecture_Parts of Speech
3.
4.
5.
Reference:
6.
7. Azar, S. A. (2002). Understanding and using English
8. grammar. (3rd ed.). New York: Longman
9.
10.
Soo K. S., Chanthra Balasingam, & Rathabai Kunchiram.
(2007). Progressive English: Book 1. (4th ed.). Kuala
11. Lumpur: McGraw Hill
12.
13.
14.
15. 23