4138 PDF
4138 PDF
4138 PDF
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( Reaffirmed 1996 )
Indian Standard
SAFETYCODEFOR
WORKING IN COMPRESSED AIR
( First Revision)
Second Reprint JANUARY 1989
WC 624.157.5:614.872
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@ Copyright 1978 [
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IS: 4138-1977
Indian Standard
SAFETY CODE FOR
WORKING IN COMPRESSED AIR
( First Revision)
Safety in Construction Sectional Committee, BDC 45
Chairman
.!%ms
D. N. CXOPlU
A-9/3$i VsrsantVihar; New Delhi 110057
and
Institution of Engineers ( India)
Gafcutta
Mmbers Reprwrsting
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IS t 4138-,1977
( Contkdfrom page 1 )
Msmbrrs ‘Raprts&”ng
SELRIS. N. PUN; Nation~w”m=~b$xts construction Corporation,
>
Srnu K. N. TAN~JA ( dltanate )
Smu K. N. RAMAMURTHY Hinduritau &el Limited, Ranchi
)%iRIS. R. C. MO (Aknati)
&RI & A. -DY GammonIndia Lmited, Bombay
REPRX81UWATIVB Builders’ Association of India, Bombay
SzutxJ. M. 0Bi3~OX( 4hrsut# )
SKRIK. G. SAI.VS Hindustau Housing Factory Ltd, Ncw Delhi
SHXIK. C. AGAXWALA ( Alkrnd )
SUP?ZIUNTENDINO &JRVZYOR OF Central Public works Department
Womw ( NDZ )
SURVEYOR OFWORKS~ ( NDZ )
( /ik47?Mf6
)
SHRI%JSHIL KUMAR National Buildings Construction Corporation,
New Delhi
PXOFC. G. SWAMINATRAM Central Road Research Institute (CSIR),
New Delhi
1 SHRXTIIAK RATTAKULXA Inda Institute of Architects, Bombay
sxixr 5 T. Ur+ALLA Concrete Axmciation of India, Bombay
Smu Y. K. MEXTA( Al&m&)
SHRI R. S. V5RMA Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
SHRIP. L. NMU A ( Altcrna&
)
SHRID. AJITHASnm b Directoi General, 1S1 ( E@jsio Mcmbrr)
Dircqtor ( Civ En[ :)
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Is: 4138”-1977
hdkm Standard
SM?EI’YCODEFOR
WORKING IN COMPRESSED AIR
(’First Revision )
(L FOREWORD
fl.1 ‘II& lnd~n stan~arcl [ First Retilon ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 31 October 1977, after the draft finalized by the
Safety in Construction Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Civil Engineering Division Council.
Q,4 This standard was first published in 1967. In this revision,” Amen&
knent No, 1 has been incorporated completely. Besides, a number of other
modifications haw been made and these relate to the size of man-lock,
siources of air for medical-lock, etc. In this revision new set of decompres~ ~~
sion tables have been included, the adoption of which will ens~re greater ;,J
safety to the workmen, a
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0.5 In the formulation of this standard due ~e;ghtage has been given to .:
international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing ‘.,
in different countries in addition to Rlating it to the practices in tk& field ~~
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in this country. . .=
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1$: 4X38- 197?
1. SCN3PE
1.1 This standard lays down the safety requirements for work in
compressed air under t~.ken in construction works, such -as foundations
of bridges, docks and tunnels.
1.’2 This standard does not cover working conditions of dress divers with
helmet equipnxmt.
2. TZR.WIP40LQGY
2.0 For the purpose of Lhisstandard, the foflo-wing definitions shaU apply.
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IS141.38-W7
2.9 Working Period — Whrm used in relation to a person shall mean the
period or sum of periods during which, sinca last subject to ordinary
atmospheric pressure far at least five consecutive ho- the person h~,been
under pressure in a working chamber or chambers. The expression
working chamber shal1 include any place other than a lock in which the
person is for the pu@ose of compression or decompression ( see also
Append~ C ).
2.~0 Basic Pressure — It shall mean the highest pressure to which the
person has been exposed in the course of his working periods. This is also
the pressure on which the procedure for the decompression of a person
shall be based ( see also Appendix C ).
3. GENERAL
3.1 There shall be present at all times, at least one competent person
representing the employer who shall be familiar with this standard and
take charge of comprcsaed air operations.
3.2 Charts indicating the times for compression and decompression shall
be pasted in a conspicuous place at the entrance of each aiqclock.
4. EQUIPMENT
4.1 Every bulkhead, air-lock, or other structure used shall be of good
construction, sound materials and adequate strength and shall be properly
maintained.
4.2 The plant for production and supply of compressed air to any working
chamber or air-lock shall be of suitable design, and in the case of a
working chamber shall deliver a supply sufficient to provide 0-3 ma of flesh
air per minute per person at the pressure in the chamber and not atmos-
pheric pressure. where electric or diesel compressors are used, compd
air shall be filtered before being pumped in. The plant shall be in the
immediate charge of a competent person who shall be in attendance wide
any person is in compressed air. It shall be the responsibility of the said
competent person that adequate supplies of flesh air are being received au
the time by the persons working in the compressed air. The air Iifi -valve
and outlet valve shall be kept adequately open for this purpose.
4.2.1 To ensure a continuo~ supply of fr~h ax to workmen particularly ~
at a stage when no air is escaping from the working chamber, means shall
exist for the escape of foul air. Also circulation of fresh air in the chamber
shall be ensured.
4.3 Every man-lock shall be of rninimurn interml dirnengions as given in
Fig. 1. The man-lock shall be large enough so that those using it are not
compelled to be in a cramped position and shall not have less thmi I”8 m
clear head room at th~ centre and a minimum of (,)”85cubic metre of air
5
u 2 413a-1977
space pcT owupaat, The man-lock shall be suitably equipped with the
fbllowing:
d) Efficient means enabling the lock attendant, from outside the lock
to reduce or cut off the supply of compressed air into the lock and
working chamber.
$,4 Valves or taps for controlling the flow of air into or from the air-lock
shall be such as to enable the flow to be controlled with sufficient accuracy
,+’
to ensure compliance with the yrdvision laid Aown in 5.3. These valves
or taps shall be of non-return type.
4..5 The arrangement shall be such that persons in the lock cannot reduce
the air pressure except under the control of the lock attendant ( we
also 5.2 ?.
4.7 All the equipment shal\ be subjected to initial inspection and certiSca-
tion immediately after its manufacture. The pressure up to which initial
testing shaH” be carried out shall be 1~ times the maximum working
pressure. Thereafter, all the equipment shall be thoroughly inspected at
least after every 1j months of working and every time it is shifted and
reinstalled and certified to be in safe working condition by a competent
person. A proper record of such inspections shall be kept in a register to
be maintained at the site of work,
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All dimcnsiom in millimeter=.
FIG. 1 TYPICAL SKETCH OF MAN-LUCK
7
1s :4138 ●1977
8“
15:4138-1977
6.1 Wbikt any person is in a working chamber the door between such I
chamber anti any man-lock providing for his egress towards a lower i
~
presibre and not in use shall be kept open except when this is not
reasobably practicable.
9
IS: 4138-1977
9.1 Every employee shall be furnished with an identification badge 11.1 Where the preis.iure in the w
wmying at least the following information: a suitably constructed medical-locks
used solely for the treatment of perso
a) That the employee is compressed air worker,
11.2 The ‘&edical-lock ( see Fig. 2“) :
b) The location of medical lock, and head room at its highest point and
c) That in case of emergency, the employee shall be taken quickly to lock can be entered while under
the medical lock and not to hospital or police-station. heated, lighted and ventilated. Ea<
eyes and fitted ‘with air valve so ar
10. MEDICAL SUl?ERVE310N AND CERTIFICATION ●
and without. The lock shall be pro’
ing couch not less than 2 m length, h
1~.1 No person shall be employed where the pressure exceeds 1 “25 kg/cm* lock, efficient means of verbal comm
unless he has, within the previous four weeks, been examined and certified and of giving non-verbal signals betv
to be fit for employment to compressed air. and between the two compartment
which persons in either compartment
10.~ Where persons are employed ‘in compressed air, their employer shall
make arrangements for their medical supervision by a doctor and for their 11.3 The medical lock shall be prov
medical examination at a suitable place or places in accordance with the carbon mono-oxide, for normal and
provisions of 10.3 to 10.5. raising the air ptessure in the lock fr
1104 Such lock shall be ‘~d-& th
IQ.3 No person shall bc employed in compressed air, unless he Eas been incharge and there shall be maintain
examined by a doctor and certified by him; by signed entiy in that which shall contain all medical and
person’s compressed air health register ( see Appendix D ), to be fit for such aid, in case of accident.
employment
. . and e~ther:
12. DRINKS
a) the date of such certificate shall not bC more than three days
earlier to the first entry in the air charpber; ‘br 12.1 fhqsply of Hot D@sks — ~
scd air at pressures exceeding 1“25 1
b) the person shall have been so employed within the previous three
made for the supply of hot drinks
months having been certified to be fit for such employment and
man-lock and when at any medical-’
shall not have suffered since the date of that certificate from any
injury, disease or illness causing ‘an incapitcity for work of more 12;2 Consumption of Alcohol-
than two days’ duration. ,2, alcohol whilst in compressed air no
alcohol be permitted to enter for wc
10.4 If a person i<stiering from cold in the head, sore throat, ear-ache
or any other ailrneid which is likely to render him unfit, he shall not be 13. SAFETY AGAINST’ FIRE =
.employ.ed in compressed air until he has been again examined by a doctor 13.1 No person shall be allowed
and certified by him to be fit for such employmen+ matches inside the air-lock, and not
10.5 A doctor may, on examining or re-examining a -~on who has been 13.2 Approved type of electric la
or is proposed to be employed in compressed ai~, vary or revoke, by’ signed used.
entry in that person’s compressed air health register, any current certificate
as to his fitness for employment in compressed air, and if such certificate is 14. DETECTION OF GAS
revoked that person shall not theredterbe emploYed in compressed air tmtil 14.1 Persons holding ga&testing cc
he has, since revocation, been certified by a doctor, -by signed entry in his of Mines shall be employed for the c
said health register, to be fit for such employment. gases and for this purpose approved
JO
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1s : 413s -1977
11. MEDXCALLOCK
11.1 Where the presure in the ‘working. chamber exceeds 1°25 kgpnna
a suitably constructed medical-lock shall be provided and maintained mid
used SOIC1y for the treatment of persons working in compressed air.
11.2 The ‘medical-lock (we Fig. 2”) shall be ,of not less than 180 cm clear
head room at its highest point and shall have two compartments sq that
I
lock can be entered while under pressure and shall be kept properly
heated, lighted and ventilated. Each door shall be provided with bull’s
eyes and fitted “with air valve so arranged as to be operated from within
and without. The lock shall be provided with suitable equipment inch.sd-
ing couch not less than 2 m length, blanket, dry woohn garments and food
I lock, efficient means of verbal communication, such as intercom/telephone
and of giving non-verbal signals between the reside and outside of the lock
and between the two compa~tments, and a window or w“.ndows through
which persons in either compartment can be observed from outiide.
11.3 The medical lock shall be provided with sources of air, free of oil and
carbon mono-ox~de, for normal and emergency use which are capable of
raising the air ptessure in the lock from O to 5“27 kg~cmz in 5 rninutcs.
11.4 Such lock’ shall be ‘-tid-er the complete control of the phpician
incharge and there shall be maintained in proximity to. it a first-aid room,
which shall contain all medical and surgical appliances necessa~ for first-
I aid, in case of accident.
I
12. DRINKS
,
12.1 Ssqsply of Hot D~.inks — Where persons are emp~oyed in compres- ~
sed air at pressures exceeding 1“25 kg~cms suitable arra&ements shall be
made for the supply of hot drinks to such persons jvhen leaving the . ;
1
man-lock and when at any medical-lock.
r
12.2 Consumption of Alcohol-No person employed shall consume
alcohol whilst in compressed air nor shall any. person under influence of
alcohol be permitted to enter for work.
13. SAFETY AGAINST FIRE H&LARD
13.1 No person shall be allowed to carry any flammable materials like -
matches inside the air-lock, and nobody shall be allowed to smoke inside.
1 13.2 Approved type of electric lamp, hand lamps and torches shall be
I used.
—
R3 i 41& -1977 .
14.2 Samples afair inside the well at th
be taken at least once in eight hours anc
and other hazardous gases and for defici
14.3 In case methane or any .othcr haz
immediately reported to the employel
shall be stopped.
14.4 For further progressing of work at
than working in compresse f air shall b
precautions necessary for working in gas
time, in consultation with an expert con
15.1 Hotirs of work for workmen who
decompression shall not be more than t]
tive 24 hours:
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Pressure, kglcma
~_.-. A..-
Min Max
0 1’25
1.25 2“2
2“2 3“4
16. GENERAL
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G 16.1 In case of air-locks where blasting
controlled and all precaution regal
IS : 4081-1967* shall be followed. The
the work only after an inspection d
nominated by the employer.
16.2 Apart from the air-lock, the well s
shall be designed keeping in view the a
the course of pneumatic sinking.
16.3 Only compressed air tools shall be
used. Aw required for pneumatic tool:
same way as air for working chamber.
*Safety code for blasting aod drilling operati
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H :4138-1977
14.2 SamPles of air inside the well at the bottom knd also at the top shall
be taken at least once in eight “hours and tested for the presence of methane’
and other hazardous gases and for deficiency of oxygen.
14.4 For further progressing of work at such sites possibility of means other
than working in comprcwe f air shall be investigated and in any case all
precautions necessary for working in gaseous mines shall be satisEed all the
time, in consultation with an expert competent to work in such mines.
15.1 Hotim of work for workmen who are subjeeted to compression and
decompression shall not b-s more than that specified below in any consecu-
tive 24 hours:
160 GEl$FkAL
16.1 In case of air-locks where blasting is done, the blasts shall be earefidly
controlled and all precautions regarding blasting as laid down. m
IS: 4081-1967* shall be followed. The workers shall be permitted to start
the work only after an -inspection of t~e area by a qualified person
nominated by the employer.
16.2 Apart from the air-lctck, the well steining and connecting arrangement
shall be designed keeping in view the air pressure acting on them during
the course of pneumatic sinking.
16.3 only compmssed air tools shall be used. Electric tools shall not &
used. Air required for pneumatic took shall be cooled and purified in the
same way as air for working chamber.
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APPENDIX A
( CIause5.1 )
$WEWWE.N FOR FORM NO. 1 (LOCK ATTENDANT% REGISTER )
* ‘.
% NAMSmm C0MHIERf310Fi
Wonrc ,— .. ..-. DECOMPRESEMO N
A. ———.. 7 ——.— —. ——___
IWk50ERprey Time of Time of Com- Pressure , Shift Time of Time Time of Dccom-
Entry Leaving prcssion ;Period Entry Leaving
and p+m&rr
Working Into Lock to Time Wo%ng , h into Gauge Lock
C2hambcr Lock Enter min Chamber Lock on Pressure After min
kg/cm~ Working kg/cm~ Leaving When Decom-
(%ambcr Working Gradual prcssion
Chamber Decom-
prcs.sion
is Started
(2) (a’) (5) (6) (lo)
(7) (8) (9) (11)
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X3: 413s -1977
I APPENDIX
.
PRESSURE AND TIME REGULATION FOR COMPRESSION
B-1 S The pressure shall not, in the first minute, after starting compres-
sion, be increased to more than 0“35 !@xnz.
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B-1.2 When that pressure is reached, the pressure shall not be further
,.
increa.sed until after the lapse of a period sufficiently long to enable the
lock attendant to discover whether or not any person in the man-lock
compla-ins of discomfort.
B-l.3 After the lapse of that periad, the pressure shall-not be increased at
a rate faster than 0.7 kg/cms/min.
APPENDIX, G . ,:
C-1.1 For arriving at the basic pressure defined in 2.9, sudden and
exceptional variations of pressure not involving excess pressure of more
15
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than 0-35 kg[cmz, for a very short time may be disregarded. Howeverj b) When compliance with the .pr{
where during the whole of his period, a person about to be decompressed, of decompression wotdd, In ~e!
has been in working chamber in which ( as in tidal waters) the pressure in conjunction with the long. c
has varied more than 0“35 kg/cmZ, the basic pressure shall be the mean of affording them egress from th
pressures half way through that period and at the end of it. seriously interfere with the can
to be detnmenhl to their safet
C-l.2 Provisions laid down in this appendix shall not, however, apply to ,
the decompression of a pergon who has not, in the course of his working I C-3.3 The following provisions shall ap!
period, been exposed to a pressure exceeding 1“25 kg/cmz.
a) A separate decompression cha]
suitably situated [ seed).
C-2. NORMAL E’ROC331D~E
, b) The doctor shall be specifics
$%2.1 Except the provisiofi laid down for decahting under ‘C-3, procedure ~ decanhg is to be carried out
detailed under G-2.1.1 and C-2.1.2 shall be followed while resorting to
decompression. c) Recompression in the deco]
presm% as nearly as practim
C-2.1.1 In the case of each person to be decompressed his ‘ basic chaniber from which the pefi
pressure ‘ anti his ‘ working period’ shall be ascertained and the decom- entered in the man-lock in
pression rescrted to in accordance with the details given in Tables 1 to 8 as ~ Provisions detailed under 1
=ay be applicable. where two or more persons are being ‘decompr~ed recompression. However P’
in a man-lock and their periods of exposure or their maximum working apply to their, subsequent
pressure do not fail within the same range, the compression procedure shall chamber as if it were decom]
be based upon the. highest working pressure and the longest period of
exposure experienced by any one of the men concerhed. d) The total time spent on:
G2.I.2 The pressure shall be re&ced at the rate of about 0“4 bar per i) the primary decosnpressio
minute to, but not lower than,, the fit stage according to the tables. At ; ii) going from that man-lc
This stage the pressure shai?. be retained for the prescribed number of chamber; and
minutes before further reducing the pressure at the same rate as b&ore to ,I
the next stage and so on. iii) recompression that chax
However, the time take]
C-3. DECMNTING minutes and that for 3 sl
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IS x 4138-1977
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1.0 to 1“2
1“2 ,, 1.4.
1.4,, 1-6
1°6 ,, 1“8
1.8,, 2“0
2“0 ,, 2’2
2“2 ,, 2’4
2-4 ,, 2“6
2-6,, 2-8
Z8 ,, 3“0
3“0 ,, 92
3-2,, 3’4
“ No= i — Decompression both to
not fksterthan 0’4 bar/rnin.
NOTE2- Not incluc@ time betv
Nom 3- For borderline vrduca t
procedure.
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TABLE 1 DECOMPRESSION TABLE - EXPOSURE PERIOD O TO + h
[ Ckwc$c.2.I.1, G2J.2 Wd G2.1.3 )
M~ WORRINa STAGE PRESSURE( BAR) ( m NOTX 1 ) TOTAS.Txua, rain
PRFJMURX( BAR ) t—————————~ —— —~ (ss~Nma2)
(MU NOTE 3 ) 1“6 1“4 1“2 1.0 08 06 0-4 0-2
1“0 to 1“2 —
1“2 ,, 1“4 —
1.4,, 1-6
l“6 ,, 1“8 —
1“8 ,, 2-0
2“0 ,, 2“2 5 5
2.2,, 2s4 5 5
2“4 ,, 2“6 5 5
2.6,, 2“8 5 5
2.8,, 3-0 55 10
3“0 ,, 3“2 55 10
3-2 ,, 3“4 5 10 15
NOTS 1 — Dccomprcssion both to the first stag; and between stages shall be at rates
not faster than 04 bar/rein.
NQTS 2 — Not including time between stages.
NOTE 3 — For borderline values of the msximum working pressure o-se the longer
procedure.
,1
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Is: 4138-1977
- ,,
~a= 3 EIWOXvlHU?SslONTABLE— EXPOSURE PERIOD OVER 1 h to 11 b
( Cfauw C2.1.1, C-2.1.2 und C-2.l.3 )
MurhrUM wORX1~O STAGE PRESSURE (BAR) (wc NOTE 1)
PREsmmz ( BAR) —.—— — —— —~ TOTAL TIrm, min
($& ~OTE 3) 1“6 1“4 1“2 1’0 0“8 06 0“4 0-2 (stz NoTE2)
I’oto 1+2 —
1’2,, 1“4, 5 5
1’4,, 1“6 10 10
1>6,, ‘1-8 5 15 20
1“8 ,, 2.0 5 30 35
2’0,, 2“2 5 10 35 50
2“2 ,, 2’4 5 20 35 60
2-4 ,%2’6 10 25 40 75
2“6 ,, ~.~ 5 10 30 45 90
2+3 ,, S’o 5 20 35 45 105
3“0 ,, 3.2 5 10 20 35 45 115
32, , 3-4 5 15 25 35 45 125
Nom 1 — Deccmprwsion both to the first stage tid betwetin stages shall be at rates
rmt faster Lhan 0“4 karjmin.
Nom 2 — Not including time betwem stag=-. - -
Ncwz 3- For ?xr.dwline values OF the maximum working pressure use the longer
procechm.
.—..-—, . ..,—
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TM3LS 4 D3C0.?AP.RMSION TABLE —EXPOSURE PERKOD OYER 1# ?sto 2 h
( Ciaum C-2.1.1, C:2.1.2 and C-2.1.3)
ikhXIMtJL~~’GRSWS2 STAGE PRMSU=Z ( BM ) ( se. N- 1) TOTAL ‘ha, rnin
hEWJW3 (~.AR) C-;----; -;2——~— (we NOTE 2 )
(X8 NOTZ 3 ) - “ - 1’0 0“8 0.6 0“4 0~
1’0 @ 1“2 5 5
1.2,, 1.4 10 10
1“4 ,, 1“6 5 20 25
1-6,, I-B 10 30 4)
1’8,, 2.0 5 15 35 55
2“0 ,, 2“2 5 25 40 70
2“2 ,, 2“4 5 10 30 40 85”
2.4,, 26 5 20 35 40 100
26, , 2“8 5 10 25 35 40 115
2“8 ,, 3“0 5 15 30 35 45 130
3.0,, 3“2 5 10 20 30 35 45 145
3“2 ,, 34 5 15 25 30 35 45 155
No= i — Decompression both to the first stage and between, stages shall be at rates
not faster than 0.4 bar~min.
lNoTlr 2 — Not including time between stages.
NOTX3 — For borc!crliae values Of the maximum working pressure use the longer
procedure.
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1S :4138-1977
21
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1.0 to 1.2 15
1“2 ,, 1“4 5 30
1“+ ,, 1“6 15 40
1“6 ,, 1“8 5 25 45
l.g ;, 2“0 5 15 30 45 “
2.0 ,8 2.2 10 20 35 45
2“~ ,, 2“4 5 15 25 40. 45
2-4,, 2“6 55 25 30 40 45
2.6,, 2.8 ‘5 i5 25 30 40 45
2“8 ;, 3“0 5 10 20 25 30 40
3-0,, 3“2 5 5 $5 25 ?5 30 40 ;;
3“2 ,, 3“4 5 15 ~0 25 30 30 ~ 45
Nom 1 — Decomprrsnon both to the first rtagc and betwccq stages shall be a! rates
tlOCf@4ti tha130“4 bar/rein.
No-m 2- Not iuc~udigg L}sGcbCDYCWI$tagEs.
22
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters :
Manak Bhavan. 9 Bahacfur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones :331 01 31, 331 1375 Telegrams : Manaksanstha
( Common to all Offices)
Regiorral Offices : Telephorre
‘Western ; Manakalaya, E9 Ml DC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6329295
BOPABAY 400093
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Maniktoia, CALCUTTA 700054
Northern : SCO 445-446, Sector 35-C 21843
CHANDIGARH 160036 { 31641
Southern : C. 1. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 41 2442
{ 41 2519
~41 2916
Branch Offices :
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AHMADABAD 380001 { 26349
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169832
117/418B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 21 6876
{ 21 8292
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 62305
Hantex Bldg ( 2nd Floor ), Rly Station Road, 5227
TRIVANDRUM 695001
/rrspecfiorr Office ( With Sale Point ):
Institution of Engineers ( India) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 52435
PUNE 410005