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Class XI – NCERT – Maths Chapter 11
Conic Sections
Exercise 11.1
Question 1:
Find the equation of the circle with centre (0, 2) and radius 2
Solution 1:
The equation of a circle with centre (h, k) and radius r is given as
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
It is given that centre (h, k) = (0, 2) and radius (r) = 2.
Therefore, the equation of the circle is
 x  0   y  2  22
2 2
x2  y 2  4  4 y  4
x2  y 2  4 y  0
Question 2:
Find the equation of the circle with centre (-2, 3) and radius 4
Solution 2:
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
It is given that centre (h, k) = (-2, 3) and radius (r) = 4.
(x + 2)2 + (y - 3)2 = (4)2
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 - 6y + 9 = 16
x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y - 3 = 0
Question 3:
1 1 1
Find the equation of the circle with centre  ,  and radius  
2 4  12 
Solution 3:
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
1 1 1
It is given that centre (h, k) =  ,  and radius (r) =  
2 4  12 
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Conic Sections
2 2 2
 1  1  1 
x   y    
 2  4   12 
1 y 1 1
x2  x   y 2   
4 2 16 144
1 y 1 1
x2  x   y 2    0
4 2 16 144
144 x 2  144 x  36  144 y 2  72 y  9  1  0
144 x 2  144 x  144 y 2  72 y  44  0
36 x 2  36 x  36 y 2  18 y  11  0
36 x 2  36 y 2  36 x  18 y  11  0
Question 4:
Find the equation of the circle with centre (1, 1) and radius 2
Solution 4:
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
It is given that centre (h, k) = (1, 1) and radius (r) = 2 .
 x  1   y  1  2
2

2 2
x2  2 x  1  y 2  2 y  1  2
x2  y 2  2 x  2 y  0
Question 5:
Find the equation of the circle with centre (–a, –b) and radius a2  b2
Solution 5:
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
It is given that centre (h, k) = (–a, –b) and radius (r) = a 2  b2 .
 
2
 x  a   y  b  a 2  b2
2 2
x 2  2ax  a 2  y 2  2by  b 2  a 2  b 2
x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  2b 2  0
Question 6:
Find the centre and radius of the circle (x + 5) 2 + (y - 3)2 = 36
Solution 6:

Conic Sections
The equation of the given circle is (x + 5) 2 + (y - 3)2 = 36.
(x + 5)2 + (y - 3)2 = 36
⇒ {x - (-5)}2 + (y - 3)2 = 62, which is of the form (x - h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2, where h = -5, k = 3,
and r = 6.
Thus, the centre of the given circle is (-5, 3), while its radius is 6.
Question 7:
Find the centre and radius of the circle x2 + y2 - 4x - 8y - 45 = 0
Solution 7:
The equation of the given circle is x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y – 45 = 0.
x2 + y2 – 4x – 8y – 45 = 0
⇒ (x2 – 4x) + (y2 – 8y) = 45
⇒ {x2 – 2(x)(2) + 22} + {y2 – 2(y)(4)+ 42} – 4 –16 = 45
⇒ (x – 2)2 + (y –4)2 = 65
 
2
⇒ (x – 2)2 + (y –4)2 = 65 , which is of the form (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2, where h = 2, k =
4, and r = 65
Thus, the centre of the given circle is (2, 4), while its radius is 65 .
Question 8:
Find the centre and radius of the circle x2 + y2 - 8x + 10y - 12 = 0
Solution 8:
The equation of the given circle is x2 + y2 – 8x + 10y – 12 = 0.
x2 + y2 – 8x + 10y – 12 = 0
⇒ (x2 – 8x) + (y2 + 10y) = 12
⇒ {x2 – 2(x)(4) + 42} + {y2 + 2(y)(5) + 52}– 16 – 25 = 12
⇒ (x – 4)2 + (y + 5)2 = 53
  x  4   y   5   53  , which is of the form (x – h)
2 2 2
2
+ (y – k)2 = r2, where h = 4,
k = –5, and r = 53 .
Thus, the centre of the given circle is (4, –5), while its radius is 53
Question 9:
Find the centre and radius of the circle 2x2 + 2y2 - x = 0
Solution 9:
The equation of the given circle is 2x2 + 2y2 – x = 0.

Conic Sections
2x2  2 y 2  x  0
  2 x2  x   2 y 2  0
 x 
 2  x 2    y 2   0
 2 
  1   1  
2
1
2
  x 2  2.x        y 2     0
  4   4   4
2 2
 1 1 1
  x     y  0    , which is of the form (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2, where h = , k =
2
 4  4 4
1
0, and r =
4
1 1
Thus, the centre of the given circle is ( , 0) , while its radius is .
4 4
Question 10:
Find the equation of the circle passing through the points (4, 1) and (6, 5) and whose centre is
on the line 4x + y = 16.
Solution 10:
Let the equation of the required circle be (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2.
Since the circle passes through points (4, 1) and (6, 5),
(4 – h)2 + (1 – k)2 = r2 … (1)
(6 – h) + (5 – k) = r
2 2 2
… (2)
Since the centre (h, k) of the circle lies on line 4x + y = 16,
4h + k = 16 … (3)
From equations (1) and (2), we obtain
(4 – h)2 + (1 – k)2 = (6 – h)2 + (5 – k)2
⇒ 16 – 8h + h2 + 1 – 2k + k2 = 36 – 12h + h2 + 25 – 10k + k2
⇒ 16 – 8h + 1 – 2k = 36 – 12h + 25 – 10k
⇒ 4h + 8k = 44
⇒ h + 2k = 11 … (4)
On solving equations (3) and (4), we obtain h = 3 and k = 4.
On substituting the values of h and k in equation (1), we obtain
(4 – 3)2 + (1 – 4)2 = r2
⇒ (1)2 + (– 3)2 = r2
⇒ 1 + 9 = r2
⇒ r2 = 10
⇒ r = 10
Thus, the equation of the required circle is
 10 
2
(x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 =
X2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 8y + 16 = 10
X2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 15 = 0

Conic Sections
Question 11:
Find the equation of the circle passing through the points (2, 3) and (-1, 1) and whose centre
is on the line x- 3y - 11 = 0.
Solution 11:
Since the circle passes through points (2, 3) and (–1, 1),
(2 – h)2 + (3 – k)2 = r2 … (1)
(–1 – h) + (1 – k) = r
2 2 2
… (2)
Since the centre (h, k) of the circle lies on line x – 3y – 11 = 0,
h – 3k = 11 … (3)
(2 – h)2 + (3 – k)2 = (–1 – h)2 + (1 – k)2
⇒ 4 – 4h + h2 + 9 – 6k + k2 = 1 + 2h + h2 + 1 – 2k + k2
⇒ 4 – 4h + 9 – 6k = 1 + 2h + 1 – 2k
⇒ 6h + 4k = 11 … (4)
7 5
On solving equations (3) and (4), we obtain h = and k =
2 2
On substituting the values of h and k in equation (1), we obtain
2 2
 7  5
2    3   r
2
 2  2
 47   65
2 2
    r
2
 2   2 
 3   11 
2 2
       r2
 2  2
9 121 2
  r
4 4
130
  r2
4
2 2
 7  5  130
x   y   
 2  2 4
 2 x  7   2 y  5  130
2 2
    
 2   2  4
4 x  28 x  49  4 y  20 y  25  130
2 2
4 x 2  4 y 2  28 x  20 y  56  0
4  x 2  y 2  7 x  5 y  14   0
x 2  y 2  7 x  5 y  14  0
Question 12:

Conic Sections
Find the equation of the circle with radius 5 whose centre lies on x-axis and passes through
the point (2, 3).
Solution 12:
Since the radius of the circle is 5 and its centre lies on the x-axis, k = 0 and r = 5.
Now, the equation of the circle becomes (x – h)2 + y2 = 25.
It is given that the circle passes through point (2, 3).
  2  h   32  25
2
  2  h   25  9
2
  2  h   16
2
 2  h   16  4
If 2-h=4, then h=-2.
If 2-h=-4, then, h=6.
When h = –2, the equation of the circle becomes
(x + 2)2 + y2 = 25
X2 + 4x + 4 + y2 = 25
X2 + y2 + 4x – 21 = 0
When h = 6, the equation of the circle becomes
(x – 6)2 + y2 = 25
X2 – 12x +36 + y2 = 25
X2 + y2 – 12x + 11 = 0
Question 13:
Find the equation of the circle passing through (0, 0) and making intercepts a and b on the
coordinate axes.
Solution 13:
Since the circle passes through (0, 0),
(0 – h)2 + (0 – k)2 = r2
⇒ h2 + k2 = r2
The equation of the circle now becomes (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = h2 + k2.
It is given that the circle makes intercepts a and b on the coordinate axes. This means that the
circle passes through points (a, 0) and (0, b). Therefore,
(a – h)2 + (0 – k)2 = h2 + k2 … (1)
(0 – h)2 + (b – k)2 = h2 + k2 … (2)
From equation (1), we obtain
a2 – 2ah + h2 + k2 = h2 + k2
⇒ a2 – 2ah = 0
⇒ a(a – 2h) = 0
⇒ a = 0 or (a – 2h) = 0
a
However, a ≠ 0; hence, (a – 2h) = 0 ⇒ h = .
2

Conic Sections
From equation (2), we obtain
h2 + b2 – 2bk + k2 = h2 + k2
⇒ b2 –2bk = 0
⇒ b(b – 2k) = 0
⇒ b = 0 or (b – 2k) = 0
b
However, b ≠ 0; hence, (b –2k) = 0 ⇒ k = .
2
2 2 2 2
 a  b a b
x   y       
 2  2  2  2
 2x  a   2 y  b  a  b
2 2 22
 
   
 2   2  4
 4 x 2  4ax  a 2  4 y 2  4by  b 2  a 2  b 2
 4 x 2  4 y 2  4ax  4by  0
 x 2  y 2  ax  by  0
Question 14:
Find the equation of a circle with centre (2, 2) and passes through the point (4, 5).
Solution 14:
The centre of the circle is given as (h, k) = (2, 2).
Since the circle passes through point (4, 5), the radius (r) of the circle is the distance between
the points (2, 2) and (4, 5).
r   2  4    2  5   2   3  4  9  13
2 2 2 2
Thus, the equation of the circle is

 x  h   y  k   r 
2 2 2
 x  2   y  2  13 
2

2 2
x 2  4 x  4  y 2  4 y  4  13
x2  y 2  4x  4 y  5  0
Question 15:
Does the point (-2.5, 3.5) lie inside, outside or on the circle x2 + y2 = 25?
Solution 15:
The equation of the given circle is x2 + y2 = 25.
X2 + y2 = 25
⇒ (x – 0)2 + (y – 0) = 52, which is of the form (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2, where h = 0, k = 0, and
r = 5.
∴ Centre = (0, 0) and radius = 5
Distance between point (–2.5, 3.5) and centre (0, 0)

Conic Sections
  2.5  0    3.5  0 
2 2
 6.25  12.25
 18.5
 4.3  approx.  5
Since the distance between point (–2.5, 3.5) and centre (0, 0) of the circle is less than the
radius of the circle, point (–2.5, 3.5) lies inside the circle.
Exercise 11.2
Question 1:
Find the coordinates of the focus, axis of the parabola, the equation of directrix and the length
of the latus rectum for y2 = 12x
Solution 1:
The given equation is y2= 12x.
Here, the coefficient of x is positive. Hence, the parabola opens towards the right.
On comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we obtain
4a = 12 ⇒ a = 3
∴ Coordinates of the focus = (a, 0) = (3, 0)
Since the given equation involves y2, the axis of the parabola is the x-axis.
Equation of direcctrix, x = -a i.e., x = -3 i.e., x+ 3 = 0
Length of latus rectum = 4a= 4 × 3 = 12
Question 2:
of the latus rectum for x2 = 6y
Solution 2:
The given equation is x2= 6y.
Here, the coefficient of y is positive. Hence, the parabola opens upwards.
On comparing this equation with x2= 4ay, we obtain
3
4a  6  a 
2
 3
∴ Coordinates of the focus = (0, a) =  0, 
 2
2
Since the given equation involves x , the axis of the parabola is the y-axis.
3
Equation of directrix, y  a i.e., y=-
2
Length of latus rectum = 4a= 6
Question 3:

Conic Sections
of the latus rectum for y2 = - 8x
Solution 3:
The given equation is y2= -8x.
Here, the coefficient of x is negative. Hence, the parabola opens towards the left.
On comparing this equation with y2= -4ax, we obtain
-4a= -8 ⇒ a = 2
∴Coordinates of the focus = (-a, 0) = (-2, 0)
Since the given equation involves y2, the axis of the parabola is the x-axis.
Equation of directrix, x= a i.e., x = 2
Question 4:
of the latus rectum for x2 = - 16y
Solution 4:
The given equation is x2= -16y.
Here, the coefficient of y is negative. Hence, the parabola opens downwards.
On comparing this equation with x2= - 4ay, we obtain
-4a= -16 ⇒ a = 4
∴Coordinates of the focus = (0, -a) = (0, -4)
Since the given equation involves x2, the axis of the parabola is the y-axis.
Equation of directrix, y= a i.e., y = 4
Question 5:
of the latus rectum for y2 = 10x
Solution 5:
The given equation is y2 = 10x.
Here, the coefficient of x is positive. Hence, the parabola opens towards the right.
On comparing this equation with y2 = 4ax, we obtain
5
4a  10  a 
2
5 
∴ Coordinates of the focus = (a, 0) =  ,0 
2 
Since the given equation involves y , the axis of the parabola is the x – axis.
2
5
Equation of directx, x = -a, i.e., x = -
2
Length of latus rectum = 4a = 10

Conic Sections
Question 6:
of the latus rectum for x2 = -9y
Solution 6:
The given equation is x2= –9y.
Here, the coefficient of y is negative. Hence, the parabola opens downwards.
On comparing this equation with x2= –4ay, we obtain
9
4a  9  b 
4
 9
∴ Coordinates of the focus = (0, -a) =  0,  
 4
Since the equation involves x2, the axis of the parabola is the y-axis.
9
Equation of the directx, y  a i.e., y=
4
Length of latus rectum = 4a = 9
Question 7:
Find the equation of the parabola that satisfies the following conditions: Focus (6, 0);
directrix x = -6
Solution 7:
Focus (6, 0); directrix, x= -6
Since the focus lies on the x-axis, the x-axis is the axis of the parabola.
Therefore, the equation of the parabola is either of the form y2= 4ax or y2= -4ax.
It is also seen that the directrix, x= -6 is to the left of the y-axis, while the focus (6, 0) is to
the right of the y-axis. Hence, the parabola is of the form y2= 4ax.
Here, a = 6
Thus, the equation of the parabola is y2= 24x.
Question 8:
Find the equation of the parabola that satisfies the following conditions: Focus (0, -3);
directrix y = 3
Solution 8:
Focus = (0, -3); directrix y= 3
Since the focus lies on the y-axis, the y-axis is the axis of the parabola.
Therefore, the equation of the parabola is either of the form x2= 4ay or x2 = -4ay.
It is also seen that the directrix, y= 3 is above the x-axis, while the focus
(0, -3) is below the x-axis. Hence, the parabola is of the form x2= -4ay.
Here, a = 3
Thus, the equation of the parabola is x2= -12y.

Conic Sections
Question 9:
Find the equation of the parabola that satisfies the following conditions: Vertex (0, 0); focus
(3, 0)
Solution 9:
Vertex (0, 0); focus (3, 0)
Since the vertex of the parabola is (0, 0) and the focus lies on the positive x-axis, x-axis is the
axis of the parabola, while the equation of the parabola is of the form y2 = 4ax.
Since the focus is (3, 0), a= 3.
Thus, the equation of the parabola is y2= 4 × 3 × x, i.e., y2= 12x
Question 10:
Find the equation of the parabola that satisfies the following conditions: Vertex (0, 0) focus (-
2, 0)
Solution 10:
Vertex (0,0) focus (-2, 0)
Since the vertex of the parabola is (0, 0) and the focus lies on the negative x-axis, x-axis is
the axis of the parabola, while the equation of the parabola is of the form y2 = -4ax.
Since the focus is (-2, 0), a = 2.
Thus, the equation of the parabola is y2 = -4(2)x, i.e., y2 = -8x
Question 11:
Find the equation of the parabola that satisfies the following conditions: Vertex (0, 0) passing
through (2, 3) and axis is along x-axis
Solution 11:
Since the vertex is (0, 0) and the axis of the parabola is the x-axis, the equation of the
parabola is either of the form y2= 4ax or y2= –4ax.
The parabola passes through point (2, 3), which lies in the first quadrant.
Therefore, the equation of the parabola is of the form y2= 4ax, while point
(2, 3) must satisfy the equation y2= 4ax.
9
32  4a  2   a 
8
Thus, the equation of the parabola is
9
y2  4   x
8
9
y2  x
2
2 y  9x
2

Conic Sections
Question 12:
Find the equation of the parabola that satisfies the following conditions: Vertex (0, 0),
passing through (5, 2) and symmetric with respect to y-axis
Solution 12:
Since the vertex is (0, 0) and the parabola is symmetric about the y-axis, the equation of the
parabola is either of the form x2= 4ay or x2= –4ay.
The parabola passes through point (5, 2), which lies in the first quadrant.
Therefore, the equation of the parabola is of the form x2= 4ay, while point
(5, 2) must satisfy the equation x2= 4ay.
25
 5  4  a  2  25  8a  a 
2
8
Thus, the equation of the parabola is
 25 
x2  4   y
 8
2 x2  25 y
Exercise 11.3
Question 1:
Find the coordinates of the foci, the vertices, the length of major axis, the minor axis, the
x2 y 2
eccentricity and the length of the latus rectum of the ellipse  1
36 16
Solution 1:
x2 y 2
The given equation is  1
36 16
x2 y2
Here, the denominator of is greater than the denominator of .
36 16
Therefore, the major axis is along the x-axis, while the minor axis is along the y-axis
x2 y 2
On comparing the given equation with 2  2  1, we obtain a = 6 and b = 4.
a b
c  a2  b2  36 16  20  2 5
Therefore,
 
The coordinates of the foci are 2 5,0 and 2 5,0  
The coordinates of the vertices are (6, 0) and (–6, 0).
Length of major axis = 2a= 12
Length of minor axis = 2b= 8
c 2 5 5
Eccentricity, e =  
a 6 3
2b 2
2 16 16
Length of latus rectum   
a 6 3

Conic Sections
Question 2:
x2 y 2
4 25
Solution 2:
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
The given equation is   1 or 2  2  1
4 25 2 5
2
y x2
25 4
Therefore, the major axis is along the y-axis, while the minor axis is along the x-axis.
x2 y 2
On comparing the given equation with 2  2  1, we obtain b = 2 and a = 5.
b a
c  a2  b2  25  4  21
Therefore,
  
The coordinates of the foci are 0, 21 and 0,  21 . 
The coordinates of the vertices are (0, 5) and (0, –5)
c 21
Eccentricity, e = 
a 5
2b2 2  4 8
Length of latus rectum =  
a 5 5
Question 3:
x2 y 2
16 9
Solution 3:
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
The given equation is   1or 2  2  1
16 9 4 3
2
x y2
16 9
Therefore, the major axis is along the x-axis, while the minor axis is along the y-axis.
x2 y 2
a b
c  a2  b2  16  9  7
Therefore,

Conic Sections

The coordinates of the foci are  7,0 
The coordinates of the vertices are  4,0
c 7
a 4
2b2 2  9 9
a 4 2
Question 4:
x2 y 2
25 100
Solution 4:
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
The given equation is   1 or 2  2 = 1
25 100 5 10
2
y x2
100 25
x2 y 2
On comparing the given equation with 2  2  1, we obtain b = 5 and a = 10.
b a
c  a2  b2  100  25  75  5 3
Therefore,

The coordinates of the foci are 0, 5 3 . 
The coordinates of the vertices are (0, ±10).
c 5 3 3
a 10 2
2b 2
2  25
Length of latus rectum   5
a 10
Question 5:
x2 y 2
49 36
Solution 5:

Conic Sections
x2 y 2 x2 y 2
49 36 7 6
2
x y2
49 36
x2 y 2
a b
c  a2  b2  49  36  13
Therefore,

The coordinates of the foci are  13,0 
The coordinates of the vertices are ( ±7, 0).
c 13
a 7
2b2 2  36 72
a 7 7
Question 6:
x2 y2
100 400
Solution 6:
x2 y2 x2 y2
100 400 10 20
x2
100
x2 y 2
On comparing the given equation with, 2  2  1 we obtain b = 10 and a = 20.
b a
c  a2  b2  400 100  300  10 3
Therefore,

The coordinates of the vertices are (0, ±20)
c 10 3 3
Eccentricity, e=  
a 20 2

Conic Sections
2b2 2 100
Length of latus rectum    10
a 20
Question 7:
eccentricity and the length of the latus rectum of the ellipse 36x2 + 4y2 = 144
Solution 7:
The given equation is 36x2 + 4y2 = 144.
It can be written as
36 x 2  4 y 2  114
x2 y2
Or,  1
4 36
x2 y2
Or, 2  2  1 .... 1
2 6
y2 x2
62 22
x2 y2
On comparing equation (1) with 2  2  1 , we obtain b = 2 and a = 6.
b a
c  a2  b2  36  4  32  4 2
Therefore,

Length of major axis = 2a = 12
c 4 2 2 2
Eccentricity, e=  
a 6 3
2b 2
2 4 4
a 6 3
Question 8:
eccentricity and the length of the latus rectum of the ellipse 16x2 + y2 = 16
Solution 8:
The given equation is 16x2+ y2= 16.

Conic Sections
16 x 2  y 2  16
x2 y2
Or,  1
1 16
x2 y2
Or, 2  2  1 .... 1
1 4
x2 x2
Here, the denominator of 2 is greater than the denominator of 2 .
4 1
x2 y2
On comparing equation (1) with 2  2  1 , we obtain b = 1 and a = 4.
b a
c  a2  b2  16 1  15
Therefore,

The coordinates of the foci are 0,  15 . 
c 15
Eccentricity, e= 
a 4
2b2 2 1 1
a 4 2
Question 9:
eccentricity and the length of the latus rectum of the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 = 36
Solution 9:
The given equation is 4x2+ 9y2= 36.
4 x 2  9 y 2  36
x2 y2
Or,  1
9 4
x2 y2
Or, 2  2  1 .... 1
3 2
x2 y2
Here, the denominator of 2 is greater than the denominator of 2 .
3 2
x2 y2
On comparing the given equation with 2  2  1 , we obtain a = 3 and b = 2.
b a
 c  a 2  b2  9  4  5
Therefore,

Conic Sections

The coordinates of the foci are  5,0 . 
The coordinates of the vertices are ( ±3, 0).
c 5
Eccentricity, e= 
a 3
2b2 2  4 8
a 3 3
Question 10:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: Vertices (±5, 0), foci (±4,
0).
Solution 10:
Vertices (±5, 0), foci (±4, 0)
Here, the vertices are on the x-axis.
x2 y2
Therefore, the equation of the ellipse will be of the form   1 , where a is the semi-
a 2 b2
major axis.
Accordingly, a = 5 and c = 4.
It is known that a2 = b2 + c2.
 52  b 2  4 2
 25  b 2  16
 b 2  25  16
b 9 3
x2 y2 x2 y2
Thus, the equation of the ellipse is   1 or  1
52 32 25 9
Question 11:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: Vertices (0, ±13), foci (0,
±5)
Solution 11:
Vertices (0, ±13), foci (0, ±5)
Here, the vertices are on the y-axis.
x2 y2
b2 a 2
major axis.
Accordingly, a = 13 and c = 5.

Conic Sections
132  b 2  52
 169  b 2  25
 b 2  169  25
 b  144  12
x2 y2 x2 y2
Thus, the equation of the ellipse is   1 or   1.
122 132 144 169
Question 12:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: Vertices (±6, 0), foci (±4,
0)
Solution 12:
Vertices (±6, 0), foci ( ±4, 0)
x2 y2
Therefore, the equation of the ellipse will be of the form   1, where a is the semi-
a 2 b2
major axis.
Accordingly, a = 6, c= 4.
It is known as a2 = b2 + c2.
 62  b 2  42
 36  b 2  16
 b 2  36  16
 b  20
x2 y2 x2 y2
 
2
62 20 36 20
Question 13:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: Ends of major axis (±3, 0),
ends of minor axis (0, ±2)
Solution 13:
Ends of major axis (±3, 0), ends of minor axis (0, ±2)
Here, the major axis is along the x-axis.
x2 y2
a 2 b2
major axis.
Accordingly, a = 3 and b = 2.
x2 y2 x2 y2
32 22 9 4

Conic Sections
Question 14:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: Ends of major axis
0,  5  ends of minor axis ( ±1, 0)
Solution 14:
 
Ends of major axis 0,  5 , ends of minor axis (±1, 0)
Here, the major axis is along the y-axis.
x2 y2
Therefore, the equation of the ellipse will be of the form 2  2  1 , where a is the semi-
b a
major axis.
Accordingly, a 5 = and b = 1.
x2 y2 x2 y2
 5
2
12 1 5
Question 15:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: Length of major axis 26,
foci
(±5, 0)
Solution 15:
Length of major axis = 26; foci = (±5, 0).
Since the foci are on the x-axis, the major axis is along the x-axis.
x2 y2
a b
major axis.
Accordingly, 2a = 26 ⇒ a = 13 and c = 5.
132  b 2  52
 169  b 2  25
 b 2  169  25
 b  144  12
x2 y2 x2 y2
132 122 169 144
Question 16:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: Length of minor axis 16,
foci (0, ±6)

Conic Sections
Solution 16:
Length of minor axis = 16; foci = (0, ±6).
Since the foci are on the y-axis, the major axis is along the y-axis.
x2 y2
b a
major axis.
Accordingly, 2b = 16 ⇒ b = 8 and c = 6.
 a 2  82  62  64  36  100
 a  100  10
x2 y2 x2 y2
Thus, the equation of the ellipse is 2  2  1 or  1 .
8 10 64 100
Question 17:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: Foci (±3, 0), a = 4
Solution 17:
Foci (±3, 0), a= 4
x2 y2
a b
major axis.
Accordingly, c = 3 and a = 4.
 42  b2  32
 16  b2  9
 b2  16  9  7
x2 y2
Thus, the equation of the ellipse is  1 .
16 7
Question 18:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: b = 3, c = 4, centre at the
origin; foci on the x axis.
Solution 18:
It is given that b= 3, c = 4, centre at the origin; foci on the x axis.
x2 y2
Therefore, the equation of the ellipse will be of the form 2  2  1, where a is the semi-
a b
major axis.
Accordingly, b = 3, c= 4.

Conic Sections
 a2  32  42  9  16  25
a5
x2 y2 x2 y2
52 32 25 9
Question 19:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: Centre at (0, 0), major axis
on the y-axis and passes through the points (3, 2) and (1, 6).
Solution 19:
Since the centre is at (0, 0) and the major axis is on the y-axis, the equation of the ellipse will
be of the form
x2 y2
 1 1
a 2 b2
Where, a is the semi-major axis
The ellipse passes through points (3, 2) and (1, 6). Hence,
9 4
 1  2
b2 a 2
1 36
 1  3
b2 a 2
On solving equations (2) and (3), we obtain b2= 10 and a2= 40.
x2 y2
Thus, the equation of the ellipse is 2 +  1 or 4x2 + y2 = 40.
10 40
Question 20:
Find the equation for the ellipse that satisfies the given conditions: Major axis on the x-axis
and passes through the points (4, 3) and (6, 2).
Solution 20:
Since the major axis is on the x-axis, the equation of the ellipse will be of the form
x2 y2
 1 1
a 2 b2
Where, a is the semi-major axis
The ellipse passes through points (4, 3) and (6, 2). Hence,
16 9
 1  2
a 2 b2
36 4
 1  3
a 2 b2
On solving equations (2) and (3), we obtain a2= 52 and b2= 13.
x2 y2
Thus, the equation of the ellipse is   1 or x2 + 4y2 = 52.
52 13

Conic Sections
Exercise 11.4
Question 1:
Find the coordinates of the foci and the vertices, the eccentricity, and the length of the latus
x2 y2
rectum of the hyperbola  1
16 9
Solution 1:
x2 y2 x2 y2
The given equation is   1 or 2  2  1 .
16 9 4 3
x2 y2
On comparing this equation with the standard equation of hyperbola i.e., 2  2  1 , we
a b
obtain a = 4 and b = 3.
We known that a2 = b2 + c2.
c2  42  32  25
c = 5
Therefore,
The coordinates of the foci are (±5, 0).
The coordinates of the vertices are (±4, 0).
c 5
a 4
2b2 2  9 9
a 4 2
Question 2:
y2 x2
rectum of the hyperbola - =1
9 27
Solution 2:
y2 x2 y2 x2
The given equation is - =1 or 2 - 1
 
2
9 27 3 27
y2 x2
On comparing this equation with the standard equation of hyperbola i.e., - = 1, we
a2 b2
obtain a = 3 and b = 27 .
We known that a2 = b2 + c2.
 
2
c2  32  27  9  27  36
c = 6
The coordinates of the foci are (0, ±6).
c 6
Eccentricity, e =  = 2
a 3

Conic Sections
2b2 2  27
Length of latus rectum    18
a 3
Question 3:
rectum of the hyperbola 9y2 - 4x2 = 36
Solution 3:
The given equation is 9y2 – 4x2 = 36.
9y2 – 4x2 = 36
y2 x2
Or, - =1
4 9
y2 x2
Or, 2 - 2 = 1 …(1)
2 3
y2 x2
On comparing equation (1) with the standard equation of hyperbola i.e., - , we obtain
a2 b2
a = 2 and b = 3.
We know that a2 + b2 = c2.
c2  4  9  13
 c = 13
Therefore,

The coordinates of the vertices are  0, 2 .
c 13
a 2
2b2 2  9
Length of latus rectum   9
a 2
Question 4:
rectum of the hyperbola 16x2 - 9y2 = 576
Solution 4:
The given equation is 16x2 – 9y2 = 576.
16x2 – 9y2 = 576
x2 y2
  1
36 64
x2 y2
 2  2 1 …(1)
6 8

Conic Sections
x2 y2
On comparing equation (1) with the standard equation of hyperbola i.e.,   1 , we
a 2 b2
c2  36  64  100
 c = 10
Therefore,
The coordinates of the foci are (±10, 0).
The coordinates of the vertices are (±6, 0).
c 10 5
a 6 3
2b2 2  64 64
a 6 3
Question 5:
Solution 5:
y2 x2
  1
 36  4
 
 5
y2 x2
  2  1 ... 1
 6  2
 
 5
y 2 x2
On comparing equation (1) with the standard equation of hyperbola i.e., 2  2  1 , we
a b
6
obtain a = and b = 2.
5
36 56
 c2  4
5 5
56 2 14
c 
5 5
 2 14 
Therefore, the coordinates of the foci are  0,  .
 5 

 6 
The coordinates of the vertices are  0,  .
 5

Conic Sections
2 14 
 
c  5  14
a  6  3
 
 5
2b2 2 4 4 5
a  6  3
 
 5
Question 6:
Solution 6:
It can be written as 49y2 – 16x2 = 784
y 2 x2
Or,  1
16 49
y 2 x2
Or, 2  2  1 ... 1
4 7
y 2 x2
On comparing equation (1) with the standard equation of hyperbola i.e.,   1 , we
a 2 b2
c2  16  49  65
 c  65
Therefore,

c 65
a 4
2b2 2  49 49
a 4 2
Question 7:
Find the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the give conditions: Vertices (±2, 0), foci (±3,
0)
Solution 7:
Vertices (±2, 0), foci (±3, 0)
x2 y2
Therefore, the equation of the hyperbola is of the form 2 - 2 = 1
a b

Conic Sections
Since the vertices are (±2, 0), a = 2.
Since the foci are (±3, 0), c = 3.
22  b2  32
b2 = 9 – 4 = 5
x2 y 2
Thus, the equation of the hyperbola is  1
4 5
Question 8:
Find the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the give conditions: Vertices (0, ±5), foci (0,
±8)
Solution 8:
Vertices (0, ±5), foci (0, ±8)
y 2 x2
Therefore, the equation of the hyperbola is of the form  1
a 2 b2
Since the vertices are (0, ±5), a = 5.
Since the foci are (0, ±8), c = 8.
52  b2  82
b2 = 64 – 25 = 39
y2 x2
Thus, the equation of the hyperbola is - = 1.
25 39
Question 9:
Find the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the give conditions: Vertices (0, ±3), foci (0,
±5)
Solution 9:
Vertices (0, ±3), foci (0, ±5)
y 2 x2
Therefore, the equation of the hyperbola is of the form   1.
a 2 b2
Since the vertices are (0, ±3), a = 3.
∴32 + b2 = 52
⇒ b2 = 25 – 9 = 16
y2 x2
9 16
Question 10:

Conic Sections
Find the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the give conditions: Foci (±5, 0), the transverse
axis is of length 8.
Solution 10:
Foci (±5, 0), the transverse axis is of length 8.
Here, the foci are on the x-axis.
x2 y 2
a 2 b2
Since the length of the transverse axis is 8, 2a = 8 ⇒ a = 4.
∴42 + b2 = 52
⇒ b2 = 25 – 16 = 9
x2 y 2
16 9
Question 11:
Find the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the give conditions: Foci (0, ±13), the conjugate
axis is of length 24.
Solution 11:
Foci (0, ±13), the conjugate axis is of length 24.
Here, the foci are on the y-axis.
y 2 x2
a 2 b2
Since the length of the conjugate axis is 24, 2b = 24 ⇒ b = 12.
∴a2 + 122 = 132
⇒ a2 = 169 – 144 = 25
y 2 x2
25 144
Question 12:
 
Find the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the give conditions: Foci 3 5,0 , the latus
rectum is of length 8.
Solution 12:
 
Foci 3 5,0 , the latus rectum is of length 8.
x2 y 2
Therefore, the equation of the hyperbola is of the form 2  2  1.
a b
 
Since the foci are 3 5,0 , c = 3 5

Conic Sections
Length of latus rectum = 8
2b2
 =8
a
 b 2 = 4a
∴a2 + 4a = 45
⇒ a2 + 4a – 45 = 0
⇒ a2 + 9a – 5a – 45 = 0
⇒ (a + 9) (a – 5) = 0
⇒ a = –9, 5
Since a is non-negative, a = 5.
∴b2 = 4a = 4 × 5 = 20
x2 y 2
Thus, the equation of the hyperbola is   1.
25 20
Question 13:
Find the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the give conditions: Foci (±4, 0), the latus
rectum is of length 12.
Solution 13:
Foci (±4, 0), the latus rectum is of length 12.
x2 y 2
a 2 b2
Length of latus rectum = 12
2b2
  12
a
 b 2 = 6a
∴a2 + 6a = 16
⇒ a2 + 6a – 16 = 0
⇒ a2 + 8a – 2a – 16 = 0
⇒ (a + 8) (a – 2) = 0
⇒ a = –8, 2
Since a is non-negative, a = 2.
∴b2 = 6a = 6 × 2 = 12
x2 y 2
4 12
Question 14:
4
Find the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the give conditions: Vertices ( ±7, 0), e=
3

Conic Sections
Solution 14:
4
Vertices (±7, 0), e =
3
x2 y 2
a 2 b2
Since the vertices are (±7, 0), a = 7.
4
It is given that e =
3
c 4  c
   e 
a 3  a
c 4
 
7 3
28
c
3
2
 28 
 72  b2   
 3
784
 b2   49
9
784  441 343
 b2  
9 9
x2 y 2
Thus, the equation of the hyperbola is   1.
49 343
Question 15:
 
Find the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the give conditions: Foci 0,  10 , passing
through (2, 3)
Solution 15:
 
Foci 0,  10 , passing through (2, 3)
Here, the foci are on the y-axis.
y 2 x2
a 2 b2

Since the foci are 0,  10 , c = 10 . 
2 2 2
We know that a + b = c .
∴ a2 + b2 = 10
⇒ b2 = 10 – a2 … (1)
Since the hyperbola passes through point (2, 3),
9 4
 1 ….(2)
a 2 b2

Conic Sections
9 4
 1
a 10  a 2
2
 9 10  a2   4a2  a2 10  a2 

 90  9a2  4a2  10a2  a2
 a2  23a2  90  0
 a4 18a2  5a2  90  0
 a2  a2 18  5  a2 18  0
  a2 18   a2  5  0
 a 2 = 18 or 5
In hyperbola, c > a, i.e., c2> a2
∴ a2 = 5
⇒ b2 = 10 – a2 = 10 – 5 = 5
y2 x2
5 5
Miscellaneous Exercise
Question 1:
If a parabolic reflector is 20 cm in diameter and 5 cm deep, find the focus.
Solution 1:
The origin of the coordinate plane is taken at the vertex of the parabolic reflector in such a
way that the axis of the reflector is along the positive x-axis.
This can be diagrammatically represented as
The equation of the parabola is of the form y2 = 4ax (as it is opening to the right).
Since the parabola passes through point A (10, 5), 102 = 4a(5)
⇒ 100 = 20a
100
⇒a= =5
20
Therefore, the focus of the parabola is (a, 0) = (5, 0), which is the mid-point of the diameter.
Hence, the focus of the reflector is at the mid-point of the diameter.

Conic Sections
Question 2:
If a parabolic reflector is 20 cm in diameter and 5 cm deep, find the focus.
Solution 2:
The origin of the coordinate plane is taken at the vertex of the parabolic reflector in such a
way that the axis of the reflector is along the positive x-axis.
The equation of the parabola is of the form y2 = 4ax (as it is opening to the right). Since the
parabola passes through point A (5, 10),
102 = 4a(5)
⇒ 100 = 20a
100
⇒a= =5
20
Therefore, the focus of the parabola is (a, 0) = (5, 0), which is the mid-point of the diameter.
Hence, the focus of the reflector is at the mid-point of the diameter.
Question 3:
An arch is in the form of a parabola with its axis vertical. The arch is 10 m high and 5 m wide
at the base. How wide is it 2 m from the vertex of the parabola?
Solution 3:
The origin of the coordinate plane is taken at the vertex of the arch in such a way that its
vertical axis is along the positivey-axis.

Conic Sections
The equation of the parabola is of the form x2 = 4ay (as it is opening upwards).
5 
It can be clearly seen that the parabola passes through point  ,10 
2 
2
5
  = 4a (10)
 2
25 5
a 
4  4 10 2
5
Therefore, the arch is in the form of a parabola whose equation is x 2 = y.
8
5
When y = 2 m, x 2 = 2
8
5
 x2 
4
5
x m
4
5
 AB=2  m  2 1.118m  approx.  2.23m  approx.
4
Hence, when the arch is 2 m from the vertex of the parabola, its width is approximately 2.23
m.
Question 4:
The cable of a uniformly loaded suspension bridge hangs in the form of a parabola. The
roadway which is horizontal and 100 m long is supported by vertical wires attached to the
cable, the longest wire being 30 m and the shortest being 6 m. Find the length of a supporting
wire attached to the roadway 18 m from the middle.
Solution 4:
The vertex is at the lowest point of the cable. The origin of the coordinate plane is taken as
the vertex of the parabola, while its vertical axis is taken along the positive y-axis. This can
be diagrammatically represented as

Conic Sections
Here, AB and OC are the longest and the shortest wires, respectively, attached to the cable.
DF is the supporting wire attached to the roadway, 18 m from the middle.
100
Here, AB = 30 m, OC = 6 m, and BC =  50 m
2
The equation of the parabola is of the form x2 = 4ay (as it is opening upwards).
The coordinates of point A are (50, 30 – 6) = (50, 24).
Since A (50, 24) is a point on the parabola,
50  4a  24
2
50  50 625
a 
4  24 24
625
∴Equation of the parabola, x2  4   y or 6x2 = 625y
24
The x-coordinate of point D is 18.
Hence, at x = 18,
6 18  625y
2
6 18 18
y
625
 y = 3.11 (approx.)
∴ DE = 3.11 m
DF = DE + EF = 3.11 m + 6 m = 9.11 m
Thus, the length of the supporting wire attached to the roadway 18 m from the middle is
approximately 9.11 m.
Question 5:
An arch is in the form of a semi-ellipse. It is 8 m wide and 2 m high at the centre. Find the
height of the arch at a point 1.5 m from one end.
Solution 5:
Since the height and width of the arc from the centre is 2 m and 8 m respectively, it is clear
that the length of the major axis is 8 m, while the length of the semi-minor axis is 2 m.
The origin of the coordinate plane is taken as the centre of the ellipse, while the major axis is
taken along the x-axis. Hence, the semi-ellipse can be diagrammatically represented as

Conic Sections
x2 y 2
The equation of the semi-ellipse will be of the form   1y  0, where a is the semi-
a 2 b2
major axis
Accordingly, 2a = 8 ⇒ a = 4
b=2
x2 y 2
Therefore, the equation of the semi-ellipse is   1, y  0 ….(1)
16 4
Let A be a point on the major axis such that AB = 1.5 m.
Draw AC ⊥ OB.
OA = (4 – 1.5) m = 2.5 m
The x-coordinate of point C is 2.5.
On substituting the value of x with 2.5 in equation (1), we obtain
 2.5
2
y2
 1
16 4
6.25 y 2
  1
16 4
 6.25 
 y 2  4 1  
 16 
 9.27 
 y2  4  
 16 
 y2  2.4375
 y = 1.56 (approx.)
∴AC = 1.56 m
Thus, the height of the arch at a point 1.5 m from one end is approximately 1.56 m.
Question 6:
A rod of length 12 cm moves with its ends always touching the coordinate axes. Determine
the equation of the locus of a point P on the rod, which is 3 cm from the end in contact with
the x-axis.
Solution 6:

Conic Sections
Let AB be the rod making an angle θ with OX and P (x, y) be the point on it such that AP = 3
cm.
Then, PB = AB – AP = (12 – 3) cm = 9 cm [AB = 12 cm]
From P, draw PQ⊥OY and PR⊥OX.
PQ x
In ΔPBQ, cos  
PB 9
PR y
In ΔPRA, sin   
PA 3
Since, sin2  cos2   1,
2 2
 y  x
    1
 3 9
x2 y2
Or, + =1
81 9
x2 y2
Thus, the equation of the locus of point P on the rod is + =1
81 9
Question 7:
Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines joining the vertex of the parabola x2 = 12y to
the ends of its latus rectum.
Solution 7:
The given parabola is x2 = 12y.
On comparing this equation with x2 = 4ay, we obtain 4a = 12 ⇒ a = 3
∴ The coordinates of foci are S (0, a) = S (0, 3)
Let AB be the latus rectum of the given parabola.
The given parabola can be roughly drawn as

Conic Sections
At y = 3, x2 = 12 (3) ⇒ x2 = 36 ⇒ x = ±6
∴ The coordinates of A are (–6, 3), while the coordinates of B are (6, 3).
Therefore, the vertices of ΔOAB are O (0, 0), A (–6, 3), and B (6, 3).
1
Area of OAB = 0  3  3   6 3  0  6  0  3 unit 2
2
1
=  6 3  6  3 unit 2
2
1
= 18 18 unit 2
2
1
= 36 unit 2
2
1
=  36 unit 2
2
= 18 unit 2
Thus, the required area of the triangle is 18 unit 2.
Question 8:
A man running a racecourse notes that the sum of the distances from the two flag posts form
him is always 10 m and the distance between the flag posts is 8 m. find the equation of the
posts traced by the man.
Solution 8:
Let A and B be the positions of the two flag posts and P(x, y) be the position of the man.
Accordingly, PA + PB = 10.
We know that if a point moves in a plane in such a way that the sum of its distances from two
fixed points is constant, then the path is an ellipse and this constant value is equal to the
length of the major axis of the ellipse.
Therefore, the path described by the man is an ellipse where the length of the major axis is 10
m, while points A and B are the foci.
Taking the origin of the coordinate plane as the centre of the ellipse, while taking the major
axis along the x-axis, the ellipse can be diagrammatically represented as

Conic Sections
x2 y 2
The equation of the ellipse will be of the form   1, where a is the semi-major axis
a 2 b2
Accordingly, 2a = 10 ⇒ a = 5
Distance between the foci (2c) = 8
⇒c=4
On using the relation c = a2  b2 , we obtain
4  25  b2
 16  25  b2
 b2  25 16  9 +
b = 3
x2 y 2
Thus, the equation of the path traced by the man is   1.
25 9
Question 9:
An equilateral triangle is inscribed in the parabola y2 = 4 ax, where one vertex is at the vertex
of the parabola. Find the length of the side of the triangle.
Solution 9:
Let OAB be the equilateral triangle inscribed in parabola y2 = 4ax.
Let AB intersect the x-axis at point C.

Conic Sections
Let OC = k
From the equation of the given parabola, we have y2  4ak  y  2 ak
  
∴The respective coordinates of points A and B are k , 2 ak ,and k,-2 ak 
AB = CA + CB = 2 ak + 2 ak = 4 ak
Since OAB is an equilateral triangle, OA2 = AB2.
    4 ak 
2 2
 k 2  2 ak
 k 2  4ak  16ak
 k 2  12ak
 k  12a
AB  4 ak  4 a 12a  4 12a2  8 3a
Thus, the side of the equilateral triangle inscribed in parabola y2 = 4 ax is 8 3a

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 9 10  a2   4a2  a2 10  a2 

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