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 Chapter 24 - Circle

Exercise: 24.1

Page Number:24.21

Question 1.
Solution :
Let  h, k  be the centre of a circle with radius a.
2 2
Thus, its equation will be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
(i) Here, h = −2, k = 3 and a = 4
Therefore,Required equation of the circle:
2 2
 x  2    y  3  42
2 2
 x  2    y  3  16
(ii) Here, h  a, k  b and radius  a2  b2
Therefore,Required equation of the circle:
2 2
 x  a    y  b   a 2  b2
x 2  y 2  2ax  2by  0
(iii) Here, h  0, k  1 and radius  1
Therefore,required equation of the circle:
2 2
 x  0    y  1  12
x2  y 2  2 y  0
(iv) Here, h  a cos  , k  a sin  and radius  a
Therefore,Required equation of the circle:
2 2
 x  a cos     y  asin   a 2
x 2  a 2 cos 2   2ax cos   y 2  a 2 sin 2   2aysin  a 2
x 2  a 2 sin 2   cos 2   2ax cos   y 2  2ay sin   a 2
x 2  a 2  2ax cos   y 2  2ay sin   a 2
x 2  y 2  2ax cos   2ay sin   0

(v) Here, h  a, k  a and radius  2a

Therefore,required equation of the circle:
2 2 2
 x  a   y  a   2a 
2
x 2  a 2  2ax  y 2  a 2  2ay   2a 
x 2  y 2  2ay  2ax  0
Question 2.
Solution :
 Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
Revision Notes for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 6 to 12 Mathematics
RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 6, 7 & 10 Mathematics
Important Questions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9, 10 & 12 (Math &
Science)
Important Formula for Class 6 to 12 Math
CBSE Syllabus for Class 6 to 12
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 9 & 10
Previous Year Question Paper
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Let  h, k  be the centre of a circle with radius a.
2 2
Thus, its equation will be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
(i) Consider:
2
 x  1  y 2  4
Here, h  1, k  0 and a  2
Thus, the centre is (1, 0) and the radius is 2.
(ii) Consider:
2 2
 x  5    y  1  9
Here, h = −5, k = −1 and radius = 3
Thus, the centre is  5, 1 and the radius is 3.
(iii) Consider:
x2  y 2  4 x  6 y  5
The Consider equation can be rewritten as follows:
2 2
 x  2    y  3  4  9  5
2 2
 x  2    y  3 18
Thus, the centre is (2, −3).
And, radius 18  3 2
(iv)
Consider,
x2  y 2  x  2 y  3  0

The Consider equation can be rewritten as follows:

2
 1 2 1
 x     y  1   1  3  0
 2 4
2
 1 2 17
  x     y  1 
 2 4
1  17
Thus, the centre is  , 1 and and the radius is .
2  2
Question 3.
Solution:
Let (h, k) be the centre of a circle with radius a.
2 2
Thus, its equation will be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
Consider:
h = 1, k = 2
2 2
∴ Equation of the circle =  x  1   y  2   a 2 …(1)
Also, equation (1) passes through (4, 6).
 2 2
Therefore,  x  1   y  2   a 2
 9  16  a 2
 a  5  a  0 
Substituting the value of a in equation (1):
2 2
 x  1   y  2   25
 x 2  1  2 x  y 2  4  4 y  25
 x 2  2 x  y 2  4 y  20
 x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  20  0
Thus, the required equation of the circle is x2  y 2  2 x  4 y  20  0 .
Question 4.
Solution :
The point of intersection of the lines x + 3y = 0 and 2x − 7y = 0 is (0, 0).
Let (h, k) be the centre of a circle with radius a.
2 2
Thus, its equation will be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
The point of intersection of the lines x + y + 1 = 0 and x − 2y + 4 = 0 is (−2, 1).
∴ h = −2, k = 1
2 2
∴ Equation of the required circle =  x  2    y  1  a 2 …(1)
Also, equation (1) passes through (0, 0).
Therefore,
2 2
 0  2    0  1  a 2
 4 1  a2
 a  5  a  0 
Substituting the value of a in equation (1):
2 2
 x  2    y  1  5
 x2  4  4 x  y2  1  2 y  5
 x2  4x  y2  2 y  0
Hence, the required equation of the circle is x2  4 x  y 2  2 y  0 .
Question 5.
Solution :
Let (h, k) be the centre of a circle with radius a.
2 2
Thus, its equation will be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
The centre of the required circle lies on the positive direction of the y-axis at a distance 6 from
the origin.
Thus, the coordinates of the centre are (0, 6).
∴ h = 0, k = 6
2 2
∴ Equation of the circle =  x  0    y  6   a 2 …(1)
Also, a = 4
Substituting the value of a in equation (1):
2 2
 x  0    y  6   16
 x 2  y 2  36  12 y  16
 x 2  y 2  12 y  20  0
Hence, the required equation of the circle is x2  y 2  12 y  20  0 .
Question 6.
Solution :
Let (h, k) be the centre of a circle with radius a.
2 2
Thus, its equation will be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
The intersection point of 2x + y = 6 and 3x + 2y = 4 is (8, −10).
The diameters of a circle intersect at the centre.
Thus, the coordinates of the centre are (8, −10).
∴ h = 8, k = −10
2 2
Thus, the equation of the required circle is  x  8    y  10   a 2 …(1)
Also, a = 10
Substituting the value of a in equation (1):
2 2
 x  8    y  10   100
 x 2  y 2  16 x  64  100  20 y  100
 x 2  y 2  16 x  20 y  64  0
Hence, the required equation of the circle is x2  y 2  16 x  20 y  64  0
Question 7.

Solution :
Let (h, k) be the centre of a circle with radius a.
2 2
Thus, its equation will be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
2 2
(I) Let the required equation of the circle be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
It is Consider that the circle passes through the points (6, 0) and (0, 6).
2 2
Therefore,  6  h    0  k   62
2 2
And,  0  h    6  k   62
2 2
  6  h    k   36
 36  h 2  12h  k 2  36
 h 2  k 2  12h ... 1
Also, h 2  36  k 2  12k  36
 h 2  k 2  12k …(2)
From (1) and (2), we get:
12k=12h⇒h=k
∴From equation (2), we have:
k 2  k 2  12k
 k 2  6k  0
 k  k  6  0
 k  6  k  0 
Consequently, we get:
h=6
2 2
Hence, the required equation of the circle is  x  6    y  6   36 or
x2  y 2  12 x  12 y  36  0 .
2 2
(ii) Let the required equation of the circle be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
It is Consider that the circle with radius 6 units touches the x-axis at a distance of 5 units from
the origin.
∴ a = 6, h = 5
2 2
Hence, the required equation is  x  5    y  0   62 or x2  y 2 10 x  11  0 .
2 2
(iii) Let the required equation of the circle be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
It is Consider that the circle touches both the axes.
Thus, the required equation will be x2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0 .
Also, the circle passes through the point (2, 1).
Therefore, x2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a2  0
 a 2  6a  5  0
 a 2  5a  a  5  0
 a  1,5
Hence, the required equation is x2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0 or x2  y 2  10 x  10 y  25  0 .
2 2
(iv) Let the required equation of the circle be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
Consider:
k = −15, a = 17
The circle passes through the point (0, 0).
Therefore,the equation of the circle:
2 2 2
 0  h    0  15   17 
 h  8
2 2 2 2
Hence, the required equation of the circle is  x  8    y  15   17 2 or  x  8    y  15   17 2 ,
i.e. x2  y 2  16 x  30 y  0 .
Question 8.
Solution :
It is Consider that the centre is at the point (3, 4).
2 2
Let the equation of the circle be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
2 2
∴ Equation of the required circle =  x  3   y  4   a 2 …(1)
Also, the circle touches the straight line 5x + 12y − 1 = 0.
5  3  12  4   1 62
a 
52  122 13
5  3  12  4   1 3844
 a2  
13 169
So, from equation (1), we have:
2 2 3844
 x  3   y  4  
169
3844
 x2  y 2  6x  8 y   25
169
 169  x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y   381  0
Hence, the required equation of the circle is 169  x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y   381  0 .
Question 9.
Solution :
If the circle lies in the third quadrant, then its centre will be (−a, −a).
The centre lies on x − 2y = 3.
Therefore
 a  2a  3
a3
2 2
The Required equation of the circle =  x  3   y  3  9
x2  y 2  6 x  6 y  9  0
If the circle lies in the fourth quadrant, then its centre will be (a, −a),
a  2a  3
 a 1
2 2
Therefore,required equation of the circle =  x  1   y  1  1
= x2  y 2  2 x  2 y  1  0
Question 10.
Solution :
2 2
Let the required equation of the circle be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
 1 22 
The point of intersection of the lines 2x − 3y + 4 = 0 and 3x + 4y − 5 = 0 is  ,  .
 17 17 
 1 22 
Therefore, centre is =  , 
 17 17 
Also, the circle passes through the origin.
2 2
2  1   22  485
a      
 17   17  289
2 2
 1   22  485
Hence, the required equation of the circle is  x     y    .
 17   17  289
Question 11.
Solution :
It is Consider that a circle of radius 4 units touches the coordinate axes in the first quadrant.
Centre of the Consider circle = (4, 4)
2 2
The equation of the Consider circle is  x  4    y  4   16 .
The images of this circle with respect to the line mirrors x = 0 and y = 0. They have their centres
at –(4, 4) and (4, -4) respectively.
2 2 2 2
The required equations of the images =  x  4    y  4   16 and  x  4    y  4   16
= x2  y 2  8x  8 y  16  0 and x2  y 2  8x  8 y  16  0
Question 12.
Solution :

Centre of the Consider circle = (1, 1)

Radius of the Consider circle = 1
This circle is rolled along the positive direction of the x-axis. When it makes one complete roll,
its centre moves horizontally through a distance equal to its circumference, i.e 2π.
Thus, the coordinates of the centre of the new circle will be (1+2π, 1).
2 2
Hence, the required equation of the circle is  x  1  2π    y  1  1 .

Question 13.

Solution :

Clearly, the centre of the circle lies on the line 4y = x + 7.

The circle passes through A (−3, 4) and B (5, 4).
The slope of the segment joining A and B is zero.
Therefore, the slope of the perpendicular bisector of AB is not defined.
Hence, the perpendicular bisector of AB will be parallel to the y-axis and will pass through
 3  5 4  4 
 ,   1, 4  The equation of the perpendicular bisector is x=1.
 2 2 
The intersection point of the perpendicular bisector and 4y = x + 7 is 1, 2.
∴ Centre = 1, 2
2 2
Radius =  5  1   4  2   20
Hence, the required equation of the circle is x2  y 2  2 x  4 y  15  0
Question 14.
Solution :

OC is the perpendicular distance from (3, −1) to 2x − 5y + 18 = 0.

2  3  5  1  18 6  5  18
OC    29
4  25 4  25
⇒ Radius = OC 2  OB 2  29  9  38
2 2
∴Required equation =  x  3   y  1  38
x2  y 2  6 x  2 y  28
Question 15.
Solution :
Case I: The centre lies in first quadrant.

2 2
Let the required equation be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
Here, AB = 8 units and L (0, 3)
In △CAM:
 CA2  CM 2  AM 2
 CA2  32  4 2
 CA  5
 CL  CA  5
∴ Coordinates of the centre = 5, 3
2 2
And, radius of the circle = 5  x  5    y  3   25 , i.e. x2  y 2  10 x  6 y  9
Case II: The centre lies in the second quadrant.

Coordinates of the centre = -5, 3

2 2
And, radius of the circle= 5  x  5    y  3  25 , i.e. x2  y 2  10 x  6 y  9
2 2
Hence, the equation of the required circle is  x  5    y  3  25 , i.e x2  y 2  10 x  6 y  9 .
Question 16.
Solution :
2 2
Let the required equation of the circle be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
The circle passes through the points (0, 3) and (0, −3).
2 2
 0  h    3  k   a 2 …(1)
2 2
And,  0  h    3  k   a 2 …(2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get:
k=0
Consider:
Radius = 5
∴ a2 = 25
So, from equation (2), we have:
h 2  9  25  h  4
2
Hence, the required equation is  x  4   y 2  25 , which can be rewritten as x2  8x  y 2  9  0 .
Question 17.
Solution :
According to question, the centre of the required circle lies on the line x + y − 9 = 0.
Let the coordinates of the centre be t, 9-t.
Let the radius of the circle be a.
Here, a is the distance of the centre from the line 2x − y + 1 = 0.
 2t  9  t  1 3t  8
a  
2
22   1 5
2
 3t  8 
2
a   ... 1
 5 
2 2
Therefore, the equation of the circle is  x  t    y   9  t    a 2 . …(2)
The circle passes through (2, 5).
2 2
2  t   5  9  t   a2
2
2 2  3t  8 
  2  t   5  9  t    Using 1 
 5 
 5  2t 2  12t  20   9t 2  64  48t
2
 t  6  0
t 6
Substituting t = 6 in (1):
2
2 10  2
a   Substituting the values of a and t in equation (2), we find the required equation of
 5 
2 2
circle to be  x  6    y  3   20

Question 18.

Solution:
2at  1 t2 
Squaring and adding x  and y  a  2 
, we get
1 t2  1 t 
2 2 2
2  2at 
2 2 1 t 
x  y  2 
 a  2 
 1 t  1 t 
4 a 2 t 2  a 2  2a 2 t 2  a 2t 4
 x2  y 2 
2 2
1  t 
a 2  2a 2t 2  a 2t 4
 x2  y 2 
2 2
1  t 
2 2

 x2  y 2  a2
1  t 
2 2
1  t 
 x2  y 2  a2
Since, the above equation represents the equation of a circle, hence points (x,y) lies on the circle.

Question 19.
Solution:

Centre of the given circle = (1, 1) Radius of the given circle = 1

This circle is rolled along the positive direction of the x-axis. When it makes one complete roll,
its centre moves horizontally through a distance equal to its circumference, i.e 2 π .
Thus, the coordinates of the centre of the new circle will be 1  2π,1 .
2 2
Hence, the required equation of the circle is  x  1  2π    y  1  1 .

Question 20.

Solution:

Clearly, the centre of the circle lies on the line 4y= x+ 7.

The circle passes through A (-3, 4) and B (5, 4).
The slope of the segment joining A and B is zero.
Therefore, the slope of the perpendicular bisector of AB is not defined.
Hence, the perpendicular bisector of AB will be parallel to the y-axis and will pass through
 3  5 4  4 
 ,   1, 4  .
 2 2 
The equation of the perpendicular bisector is x = 1.
The intersection point of the perpendicular bisector and 4y= x + 7 is (1, 2).
Centre = (1, 2)
2 2
Radius =  5  1   4  2   20
Hence, the required equation of the circle is x2  y 2  2 x  4 y  15  0 .
Question 21.

Solution:
According to question, the centre of the required circle lies on the line x+ y- 9 = 0.

Let the coordinates of the centre be (t, 9 - t).

Let the radius of the circle be a.

Here, a is the distance of the centre from the line 2x - y+ 1 = 0.

2t  9  t  1 3t  8
 a 
2
22   1 5
2
 3t  8 
 a2    ... 1
 5 
2 2
Therefore, the equation of the circle  x  t    y   9  t    a 2 …(2)
The circle passes through (2,5)
2 2
 2  t   5  9  t   a2
2
2 2  3t  8 
  2  t   5  9  t    Using 1 
 5 
 5  2t 2  12t  20   9t 2  64  48t
2
 t  6  0
t 6
Substituting t = 6 in (1):
2
 10 
a2   
 5
Substituting the value of a 2 and t in equation (2), we find the required equation of circle to be
2 2
 x  6    y  3  20 .
Exercise: 24.2

Page Number:24.31

Question 1.
Solution :
(i) The given equation can be rewritten as x 2  y 2  2  3 x  2  4  y  24  0
∴ Centre = (-3,-4)
2 2
And, radius =  3   4   24  49  7

3x 5 y 7
(ii) The given equation can be rewritten as x 2  y 2    0
2 2 2
 3 5 
∴ Centre =  , 
4 4 
2 2
 3   5  7 34  56 90 3 10
And, radius =        
4  4  2 16 16 4

(iii) The given equation can be rewritten as x 2  y 2  2 x cos   2 y sin   8  0

∴ Centre =   cos  ,  sin  
2 2
And, radius =   cos      sin    8  1 8  3

2ax 2by
(iv) The given equation can be rewritten as x 2  y 2   0
2 2
a b
∴ Centre =  , 
2 2
2 2
a b 1 2 2
And, radius =      a b
2 2 2
Question 2.
Solution :
(i) Let the required circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 . …(1)
It passes through (5, 7), (8, 1) and (1, 3).
Substituting the coordinates of these points in equation (1):
74+10g+14f+c=0 …(2)
65+16g+2f+c=0 …(3)
10+2g+6f+c=0 …(4)
Simplifying (2), (3) and (4):
29 19 56
g ,f  ,c 
6 6 3
Equation of the required circle:
29 x 19 y 56
x2  y2    0
3 3 3
 
⇒ 3 x 2  y 2  29 x  19 y  56  0

(ii) Let the required circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 . …(1)

It passes through (1, 2), (3, −4) and (5, −6).
Substituting the coordinates of these points in equation (1):
5+2g+4f+c=0 …(2)
25+6g-8f+c=0 …(3)
61+10g-12f+c=0 …(4)
Simplifying (2), (3) and (4):
g=-11, f=-2, c=25
The equation of the required circle is x 2  y 2  22 x  4 y  25  0 .

(iii) Let the required circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 . …(1)

It passes through (5, −8), (−2, 9) and (2, 1).
Substituting the coordinates of these points in equation (1):
89+10g-16f+c=0 …(2)
85-4g+18f+c=0 …(3)
5+4g+2f+c=0 …(4)
Simplifying (2), (3) and (4):
g=58, f=24, c=-285
The equation of the required circle is x 2  y 2  116 x  48 y  285  0
(iv) Let the required circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 . …(1)
It passes through (0, 0), (−2, 1) and (−3, 2).
Substituting the coordinates of these points in equation (1):
c=0 …(2)
5-4g+2f+c=0 …(3)
13-6g+4f+c=0 …(4)
Simplifying (2), (3) and (4):
3 11
g ,f  ,c  0
2 2
The equation of the required circle is x 2  y 2  3x  11 y  0
Question 3.
Solution :
Let the required equation of the circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 . …(1)
It is given that the circle passes through (3, −2), (−2, 0).
∴ 13+6g-4f+c=0 …(2)
4-4g+c=0 …(3)
The centre lies on the line 2x − y = 3.
∴ -2g+f-3=0 …(4)
Solving (2), (3) and (4):
 3
g  , f  6, c  2
2
Hence, the required equation of circle is x 2  y 2  3x  12 y  2  0
Question 4.
Solution :
Let the required equation of the circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 . …(1)
It is given that the circle passes through (3, 7), (5, 5).
∴ 58+6g+14f+c=0 …(2)
50+10g+10f+c=0 …(3)
The centre lies on the line x − 4y = 1.
∴ -g+4f-1=0 …(4)
Solving (2), (3) and (4):
g=3, f=1, c=-90
Hence, the required equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  6 x  2 y  90  0
Question 5.
Solution :
Let the required equation of the circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 . …(1)
It is given that the circle passes through (3, −2), (1, 0), (−1, −2).
∴ 13+6g-4f+c=0 …(2)
1+2g+c=0 …(3)
5-2g-4f+c=0 …(4)
Solving (2), (3) and (4):
g=-1, f=2, c=1
Therefore, the equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  1  0 . …(5)
We see that the point (1, −4) satisfies the equation (5).
Hence, the points (3, −2), (1, 0), (−1, −2) and (1, −4) are concyclic.
Question 6.
Solution :
Let the required equation of the circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 . …(1)
It is given that the circle passes through (5, 5), (6, 4), (−2, 4).
∴ 50+10g+10f+c=0 …(2)
52+12g+8f+c=0 …(3)
20-4g+8f+c=0 …(4)
Solving (2), (3) and (4):
g=-2, f=-1, c=20
Thus, the equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  20  0 . …(5)
We see that the point (7, 1) satisfies equation (5).
Hence, the points (5, 5), (6, 4), (−2, 4) and (7, 1) lie on the circle.
Also, centre of the required circle = 2, 1
Radius of the required circle = 4  1  20  5
Question 7.

Solution :
In ∆ABC:
(i) Let AB represent the line x + y + 3 = 0. …(1)
Let BC represent the line x − y + 1 = 0. …(2)
Let CA represent the line x = 3. …(3)
Intersection point of (1) and (3) is 3,-6.
Intersection point of (1) and (2) is (−2, −1).
Intersection point of (2) and (3) is (3, 4).
Therefore, the coordinates of A, B and C are 3,-6, (−2, −1) and (3, 4), respectively.
Let the equation of the circumcircle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
It passes through A, B and C.
∴ 45+6g-12f+c=0
5-4g-2f+c=0
25+6g+8f+c=0
∴ g=-3, f=1, c=-15
Hence, the required equation of the circumcircle is x 2  y 2  6 x  2 y  15  0
(ii) In ∆ABC:
Let AB represent the line 2x + y − 3 = 0. …(1)
Let BC represent the line x + y − 1 = 0. …(2)
Let CA represent the line 3x + 2y − 5 = 0. …(3)
Intersection point of (1) and (3) is (1, 1).
Intersection point of (1) and (2) is (2, −1).
Intersection point of (2) and (3) is (3, −2).
The coordinates of A, B and C are (1, 1), (2, −1) and (3, −2), respectively.
Let the equation of the circumcircle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
It passes through A, B and C.
∴ 2+2g+2f+c=0
5+4g-2f+c=0
13+6g-4f+c=0
13 5
g  ,f  , c  16
2 2
Hence, the required equation of the circumcircle is x 2  y 2  13x  5 y  16  0
(iii) In ∆ABC:
Let AB represent the line x + y = 2. …(1)
Let BC represent the line 3x − 4y = 6. …(2)
Let CA represent the line x − y = 0. …(3)
Intersection point of (1) and (3) is (1, 1).
Intersection point of (1) and (2) is (2, 0).
Intersection point of (2) and (3) is (−6, −6).
The coordinates of A, B and C are (1, 1), (2, 0) and (−6, −6), respectively.
Let the equation of the circumcircle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
It passes through A, B and C.
∴ 2+2g+2f+c=0
4+4g+c=0
72-12g-12f+c=0
∴ g=2, f=3, c=-12
Hence, the required equation of the circumcircle is x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0
Question 8.
Solution :
The given equations of the circles are as follows:
x2 + y2 − 4x − 6y − 12 = 0, …(1)
x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y − 10 = 0 …(2)
And, x2 + y2 − 10x − 16y − 1 = 0 …(3)
The centre of circle (1) is (2, 3).
The centre of circle (2) is (−1, −2).
The centre of circle (3) is (5, 8).
The area of the triangle formed by the points (2, 3), (−1, −2) and (5, 8) is:
1 1
2  10   1 5   5  5   25  25  0
2 2
Hence, the centres of the circles x2 + y2 − 4x − 6y − 12 = 0, x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y − 10 = 0 and x2+
y2 − 10x − 16y − 1 = 0 are collinear.
Question 9.
Solution :
Let the radii of the circles x2 + y2 = 1, x2 + y2 − 2x − 6y − 6 = 0 and x2 + y2 − 4x − 12y − 9 = 0 be
r1, r2 and r3, respectively.
2 2 2 2
r1  1, r2   1   3  6  4, r3   2    6  9  7
Now, r2  r1  r3  r2  3
r1 , r2 and r3 are in A.P.
Question 10.
Solution :
According to the question, the circle passes through the origin.
Let the equation of the circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
The circle cuts off chords of lengths 4 and 6 on the positive sides of the x-axis and the y-axis,
respectively.
4 6
∴ Centre =  ,    2, 3   h, k 
2 2
⇒h=2, k=3
∴ Required equation:
x 2  y 2  2  2  x  2  3  y  0
 x2  y 2  4 x  6 y  0
Question 11.
Solution :
Let the equation of the required circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
The centre of the circle x2 + y2 − 6x + 12y + 15 = 0 is (3, −6).
Area of the required circle = 2πr2
Here, r = radius of the given circle
Now, r = 9  36  15  30
∴ Area of the required circle = 2π(30)=60π
Let R be the radius of the required circle.
∴ 60π  πR 2  R 2  60
2 2
Thus, the equation of the required circle is  x  3   y  6   60 , i.e. x 2  y 2  6 x  12 y  15 .
Question 12.
Solution :
Let the equation of the required circle be x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
It passes through (1, 1) and (2, 2).
∴ 2g+2f+c=-2 …(1)
And, 4g+4f+c=-8 …(2)
From (1) and (2), we have:
-2g-2f=6⇒g+f=-3 …(3)
∴ From (2) and (3), we have:
c=4
Also, g 2  f 2  c  1
 g2  f 2  1 c  5
2
  g  f   2 gf  5
 gf  2
Using (3), we get:
g=-2,-1
Correspondingly, we have:
f=-1,-2
Therefore, the required equations of the circles are x 2  y 2  4 x  2 y  4  0 and
x2  y2  2 x  4 y  4  0 .
Hence, there are two such circles.
Question 13.
Solution :
Since, the circles are concentric.
⇒Centre of required circle = Centre of x2 + y2 − 4x − 6y − 3 = 0
The centre of the required circle is (2, 3).
We know that if a circle with centre (h, k) touches the y-axis, then h is the radius of the circle.
Thus, the radius is 2.
∴ Equation of the circle:
2 2
 x  2    y  3  22
 x2  y 2  4 x  6 y  9  0

Question 14.
Solution:
The general equation of the circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx+ 2fy+ c= 0
Now, it is passing through (0, 0)
c = 0
Also, it is passing through (a, 0)
 a2+2ag=0
= a(a + 2g) = 0
= a + 2g = 0
a
g
2
Again, it is passing through (0, b)
 b2 + 2bf = 0
= b(b+2f)=0
= b+2f=0
b
 f 
2
The coordinates of its centre are given by
a b
  g ,  f    ,  .
2 2

Question 15.

Solution:

The general equation of the circle is x2 + y2+ 2gx + 2fy+ c= 0 where the centre of the circle is (-
g, -t)

Now, it is passing through (2, 3)

 13 +4g+ 6f+ c= 0 …(1)

Also, it is passing through (4, 5)

 41 +8g+ 10f+ c= 0 …(2)

Now, the centre lies on the straight line y- 4x+ 3 = 0

 -f+ 4g+ 3 =0 …(3)

Solving (1), (2) and (3), we get

g= -2, f= -5 and c= 25

The equation of the circle is given by x2 + y2 - 4x - 10y+ 25 = 0.

Exercise: 24.3

Page Number:24.37

Question 1.
Solution :
(2, −3) and (−2, 4) are the ends points of the diameter of a circle. The equation of this circle is:
 x  2  x  2    y  3 y  4   0
 x 2  4  y 2  4 y  3 y  12  0
 x 2  y 2  y  16  0 ... 1
Equation (1) can be rewritten as
2
2  1 1
x   y     16  0
 2 4
2
2  1 65
 x  y  
 2 4
 1 65
∴ Centre is  0,  and radius is .
 2 2

Question 2.
Solution :
Consider x 2  y 2  6 x  14 y  1  0 and x 2  y 2  4 x  10 y  2  0
Above equation can be written as:
2 2 2 2
 x  3   y  7   59 and  x  2    y  5  31
Thus the center of the circle are  3, 7  and  2, 5 
Hence, the equation of circle is  x  3  x  2    y  7  y  5   0 that is x 2  y 2  x  2 y  41  0

Question 3.
Solution :
According to the question:
Sides of the square are x = 6, x = 9, y = 3 and y = 6.
The vertices of the square are (6, 6), (9, 6), (9, 3) and (6, 3).
And, the vertices of two diagonals are (6, 6), (9, 3) and (9, 6), (6, 3).
Hence, the equation of the circle is  x  6  x  9    y  6  y  3 or x 2  y 2  15 x  9 y  72  0

Question 4.
Solution:
Given:
Sides of the rectangle:
x − 3y = 4 …(1)
3x + y = 22 …(2)
x − 3y = 14 …(3)
And, 3x + y = 62 …(4)
The intersection of (1) and (2) is (7, 1).
The intersection of (2) and (3) is (8, −2).
The intersection of (3) and (4) is (20, 2).
The intersection of (1) and (4) is (19, 5).
Hence, the vertices of the rectangle are (7, −1), (8, −2), (20, 2) and (19, 5).
The vertices of the diagonals are (7, −1), (20, 2) and (19, 5), (8, −2).
Thus, the required equation of the circle is  x  7  x  20    y  1 y  2   0 or
x 2  y 2  27 x  3 y  142  0

Question 5.
Solution:
Putting x = 0 in 3x + 4y = 12:
y=3
Putting y = 0 in 3x + 4y = 12:
x=4
Thus, the line 3x + 4y = 12 meets the axes of coordinates at points A (0, 3) and B (4, 0).
The equation of the circle with AB as the diameter  x  0  x  4    y  3  y  0   0 or
x2  4 x  y 2  3 y  0 .
Hence, the required equation is x 2  4 x  y 2  3 y  0 .

Question 6.
Solution :

Case I:
If the required circle passes through the origin and (a, b), then the end points of the diameter of
the circle will be (0, 0) and (a, b).
∴ Required equation of circle:
 x  0  x  a    y  0  y  b 
or x 2  y 2  ax  by  0
Case II:
If the required circle passes through the origin and (−a, −b), then the end points of the diameter
of the circle will be (0, 0) and (−a, −b).
∴ Required equation of circle:
 x  0  x  a    y  0  y  b 
or x 2  y 2  ax  by  0
Hence, the equation of the required circle is x 2  y 2  ax  by  0

Question 7.
Solution :
It is given that the end points of the diameter of the circle are (−4, 3) and (12, −1).
∴ Required equation of circle:
 x  4  x  12    y  3 y  1
or x 2  y 2  8 x  2 y  51  0 …(1)
Putting x = 0 in (1):
y2 − 2y − 51 = 0
⇒ y2 − 2y − 51 = 0
⇒ y  1  2 13
Hence, the intercepts made by it on the y-axis is1  2 13  1  2 13  4 13 .

Question 8.
Solution :
Roots of equation x2 + 2ax − b2 = 0 are -a±a2+b2.
Roots of equation x2 + 2px − q2 = 0 are -p±p2+q2.
Therefore, coordinates of A and B are:
 a   
a 2  b 2 ,  p  p 2  q 2 and a  a 2  b 2 , p  p 2  q 2 
Hence, equation of circle is:
x  a  a2  b2  x  a  
a2  b2  y  p  p2  q2  y  p  
p2  q2  0
2 2
  x  a   a 2  b2   y  p   p 2  q 2  0
 x 2  y 2  2ax  2 yp  p 2  q 2  0
Also, radius of circle is a 2  b2  p 2  q 2

Question 9.

Solution : Given: ABCD is a square with side a units.

Let AB and AD represent the x-axis and the y-axis, respectively.
Thus, the coordinates of B and D are (a, 0) and (0, a), respectively.
The end points of the diameter of the circle circumscribing the square are B and D.
Thus, equation of the circle circumscribing the square is  x  a  x  0    y  0  y  a   0 or
x2  y 2  a  x  y   0

Question 10.

y 6
The equation of the line can be rewritten as x 
2
Substituting the value of x in the equation of the circle, we get:
2
 y 6 2
   y  2y 9  0
 2 
 2
  y  6   4 y 2  8 y  36  0
 y 2  36  12 y  4 y 2  8 y  36  0
 5 y 2  20 y  0
 y2  4 y  0
 y  y  4  0
 y  0, 4
At y = 0, x = −3
At y = 4, x = −1
Therefore, the coordinates of A and B are -1,4 and -3,0.
∴ Equation of the circle with AB as its diameter:
 x  1 x  3   y  4  y  0   0
 x2  4 x  y2  4 y  3  0

Question 11.

Solution :

 1 1 
The coordinates of A and B are  0,  and  , 0  , respectively.
 m l 
Here, the end points of the diameter of the circumcircle are A and B.
∴ Required equation of the circle:
1 1
 x  0   x     y    y  0   0
 l  m
x y
 x2   y 2   0
l m

Question 12.
Solution :

Suppose a=2
From the figure, we see that there will be four circles that pass through the origin and cut off
equal chords of length a from the straight lines y=±x.
AB, BC, CD and DA are the diameters of the four circles.
a
Also, C1 A   OC1
2
 a a 
Thus, the coordinates of A are  , 
 2 2
 a a   a  a 
In the same way, we can find the coordinates of B, C and D as  , ,  ,  and
 2 2  2 2
 a a 
 ,  , respectively.
 2 2
The equation of the circle with AD as the diameter is
 a  a   a  a  2 2
x  x   y   y    0 , which can be rewritten as x  y  2ax  0 , i.e.
 2  2  2  2
2 2
x  y  2x  0 .
Similarly, the equations of the circles with BC, CD and AB as the diameters are x 2  y 2  2 x  0
x 2  y 2  2 y  0 and x 2  y 2  2 y  0 , respectively.
Exercise: 24.VSA

Page Number:24.38

Question 1.
Solution :
Since the intercept lies on the y-axis, by putting x = 0 in the given equation, we get:
y2  4y 5  0
 y   1, 5
Thus, the length of the intercept on the y-axis is (5 + 1) = 6 units.

Question 2.
Solution :
We need to find the coordinates of the centre of the circle passing through (0, 0), (4, 0) and (0,
−6).
2 2
Let the equation of the circle be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
Putting x = y = 0:
h 2  k 2  a 2 …(1)
Putting x = 4, y = 0 in the equation of the circle:
2 2
 a2
 4  h   0  k 
 16  h2  8h  k 2  a2
 16  8h  a 2  a 2  From 1 
h2
Putting x = 0, y = −6 in the equation of the circle:
2 2
 0  h    6  k   a2
 36  h2  12k  k 2  a 2
 36  12k  a 2  a 2  From 1 
 k  3
Hence, the centre of the circle is 2,-3.

Question 3.
Solution :
2 2
The equation of the required circle is  x  1   y  2   a 2 .
The circle passes through (−2, 6).
2 2
 2  1   6  2   a 2
 9  16  a 2
a 5
 2
∴ Area of the required circle =  a 2  π  5   25π square units
Question 4.
Solution :
2 2
The roots of the equations x2 + 2ax − b2 = 0 and x2 + 2px − q2 = 0 are a  a  b and
 p  p2  q2 .
Therefore, the coordinates of P and Q are:
 a   
a 2  b2 ,  p  p 2  q 2 and a  a 2  b2 , p  p2  q 2 
respectively.
So, the required equation of the circle is:
xa  a 2  b2  x  a  
a 2  b2  y  p  p 2  q 2  y  p  
p2  q2  0
2 2
  x  a   a2  b2   y  p   p 2  q2  0
x2  y2  2ax  2yp  p2  q2  0

Question 5.
Solution :
The centre of the circle x2 + y2 − 8x + 4y − 8 = 0 is (4, −2).
The radius of the unit circle is 1.
∴ Required equation of circle:
2 2
 x  4   y  2  1
x2  y2 8x  4y 19  0

Question 6.
Solution :
According to the question, we have:
 2 2
 a   a  1 
     5 5
 2   2 
2 2
 a   a  1 
     30
 2   2 
2
 a 2   a  1  120
 2a 2  2a  119  0
Using quadratic formula :
2  22  4  2  119 
a
2  2
2  956
a
4
1  15.46
a
2
 a  7.23, 8.23
 7.23  a  8.23
 a  7,  6,  5,  4,  3,  2,  1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8  If a   
The number of integral values of a is 16.

Question 7.
Solution :
It is given that the circle touches the y-axis at the origin.
Thus, the centre of the circle is (h,0) and its radius is h.
2
2 2
Hence, the equation of the circle is  x  h    y   h 2 , i.e. x  y2  2xh  0 .
Also, the circle passes through (3, 4).
25  6h  0
25
h
6
2 2
 25   25 
Hence, the required equation of the circle is  x    y 2    , i.e. 3  x 2  y 2   25 x  0 .
 6  6 

Question 8.
Solution :
Let us put y = mx in the equation (x + 10)2 + (y + 10)2 = 180.
Now, we have:
(x + 10)2 + (mx + 10)2 = 180
On simplifying, we get:
x 2  m 2  1  20 x  m  1  20  0
 2
Therefore, discriminant (D) = 400  m  1  80  m2  1  4 10  2m  1 m  2
It is given that the line y = mx does not intersect the circle (x + 10)2 + (y + 10)2 = 180.
∴D<0
 4 10  2m  1 m  2   0
 1 
 m   2, 
 2 
Question 9.
Solution :

From the figure, we can see that the vertices of the square are (2, 5), (6, 5), (2, 9) and (6, 9).
The vertices of the diagonals are (2, 9), (6, 5) and (2, 5),(6, 9).
 62 59 
∴ Coordinates of the centre =  ,    4, 7 
 2 2 
Exercise: 24.MCQ

Page Number:24.39

Question 1.
Solution :
2 
(b)  , 1
3 
To find the centre:
Coefficient of x2 = Coefficient of y2
   2  3
 3
Therefore, the given equation can be rewritten as 3x 2  3 y 2  4 x  6 y  1  0 .
4 1
x 2  y 2  x  2 y   0
3 3
2 
Thus, the coordinates of the centre is  , 1 .
3 

Question 2.

Solution :
(d) none of these
The given equation is 2x2 + λxy + 2y2 + (λ − 4) x + 6y − 5 = 0, which can be rewritten as

x2 
 xy
 y2 
   4 x  3 y  5  0
2 2 2
Comparing the given equation with x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 , we get:
λ=0
5
x2  y2  2x  3 y   0
2
2
2 3 5 9 5 23 23
∴ Radius =  1      1   
2 2 4 2 4 2

Question 3.
Solution :
(a) a point
2
The radius of the given circle = 12   2   5  0
Hence, the radius of the given circle is zero, which represents a point.

Question 4.
Solution :
(c) (−3, 1)
If the equation (4a − 3) x2 + ay2 + 6x − 2y + 2 = 0 represents a circle, then we have:
Coefficient of x2 = Coefficient of y2
 4a  3  a
a  1
∴ Equation of the circle = x2+y2+6x-2y+2=0
Thus, the coordinates of the centre is  3, 1 .

Question 5.

Solution :
(a) 3/2
The equation of the circle is 3x2 + 3y2 + λxy + 9x + (λ − 6) y + 3 = 0.
∴ Coefficient of xy = 0
⇒λ=0
3x 2  3 y 2  9 x  6 y  3  0
 x 2  y 2  3x  2 y  1  0
2
3 2 3
Therefore, the radius of the circle is     1  1 
2 2
Question 6.

Solution :
According to the question:
 2 2
      1 
    5  5
 2   2 
2 2
      1 
     30
 2   2 
2
 2     1  120
 2 2  2  119  0
Using quadratic formula :
2  22  4  2  119 
 
2  2
2  956
 
4
1  239
 
2
   7.23, 8.23
 7.23    8.23
   7,  6,  5,  4,  3,  2,  1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8  If    
Thus, the number of integral values of λ is 16.

Question 7.

Solution :

(a) x2 + y2 − 2x − 4y + 4 = 0
2 2
Let the required equation of the circle be  x  h    y  k   a 2 .
Comparing the given equation x2 − y2 −2x + 4y − 3 = 0 with ax 2  by 2  2hxy  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 ,
we get:
a=1, b=-1, h=0, g=-1, f=2, c=-3
 hf  bg gh  af   1 2 
Intersection point =  2
, 2 
=  ,   1, 2 
 ab  h ab  h   1 1 
Thus, the centre of the circle is (1, 2).
2 2
The equation of the required circle is  x  1   y  2   a 2 .
Since circle passes through (1, 1), we have:
1=a2
∴ Equation of the required circle:
2 2
 x  1   y  2   1
⇒ x2  y 2  2 x  4 y  4  0

Question 8.
Solution :
(a) x2 + y2 − 2x − 2y − 3 = 0
The center of the circumcircle is (1, 1).
2 2
Radius of the circumcircle = 1  1  1  2   5
∴ Equation of the circle:
2 2
 x  1   y  1  5
 x2  y 2  2 x  2 y  3  0

Question 9.
Solution :
(c) (−∞, −3) ∪ (4, ∞)
The given equations of the circles are x2 + y2 + x − 2y − 14 = 0 and x2 + y2 = 13.
Since (2, k) lies outside the given circles, we have:
4+k2+2-2k-14>0 and 4+k2>13
 k 2  2k  8  0 and k 2  9
  k  4  k  2   0 and k 2  9
 k  4 or k  2 and k  3 or k  3
 k  4 or k  3
 k   , 3   4,  

Question 10.

Solution :
(a) (−1, 3)
The given equation of the curve is x2+y2=25.
Since (λ, λ + 1) lies inside the region bounded by the curve x 2  y 2  25 and the y-axis, we have:
2
 2     1  25 , provided λ+1>0
  2   2  1  2  25,   1
 2 2  2  24  0,   1
  2    12  0,   1
    3   4   0,   1
 4    3,   1
    1,3

Question 11.

Solution :
(b) 4 (x2 + y2 − x − y) + 1 = 0
 3 
The line 4x + 3y = 6 cuts the coordinate axes at  , 0  and  0, 2  .
2 

 ax  bx2  cx3 ay1  by2  cy3 

The coordinates of the incentre is  1 , .
 abc abc 
5 3 3
Here, a  , b  , c  2, x1  0, y1  0, x2  0, y2  2, x3  , y3  0
2 2 2
Thus, the coordinates of the incentre:
 0  0 3 0 3 0 
 , 
 6 6 
1 1
 , 
2 2

The equation of the incircle:

2 2
 1  1 2
x   y   a
 2  2
s  s  a  s  b  s  c 
Also, radius of the incircle =
s
5 3
 2
abc 2 2
Here, s   3
2 2
3  3  a  3  b  3  c 
∴ Radius of the incircle =
3
  5  3
3  3   3    3  2 
 2  2

3
 1  3 
3   
 2  2 

3
1

2
The equation of circle:
2 2
 1  1 1
x   y  
 2  2 4
 4  x  y  x  y  1  0 \
2 2

Question 12.
Solution :
(a) 15
The centre of the circle x2 + y2 = 9 is (0, 0).
Let us denote it by C1.
The centre of the circle x2 + y2+ 8y + c = 0 is (0, −4).
Let us denote it by C2.
The radius of x2 + y2 = 9 is 3 units.
x2 + y2+ 8y + c = 0
2
2 2
  x  0    y  4   16  c   16  c 
Therefore, the radius of the above circle is 16  c .
Let the circles touch each other at P.
∴ C1C2 = PC2 + PC1
⇒ PC2 = 4 − 3 = 1
⇒ PC2 = 1 = 16  c
⇒ c = 15

Question 13.

Solution :
(b) ± 4
The equation of the circle is x2 + y2 + 2ax + 8y + 16 = 0.
Its centre is -a,-4 and its radius is a units.
Since the circle touches the x-axis, we have:
2 2
 a  a    4  0  a
 a  4

Question 14.
Solution :
(c) x2 + y2 ± 10x ± 10y + 25 = 0
Case I: If the circle lies in the first quadrant:
The equation of a circle that touches both the coordinate axes and has radius a is
x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0 .
The given radius of the circle is 5 units, i.e. a=5.
Thus, the equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  10 x  10 y  25  0 .

Case II: If the circle lies in the second quadrant:

The equation of a circle that touches both the coordinate axes and has radius a is
x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0 .
The given radius of the circle is 5 units, i.e. a=5.
Thus, the equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  10 x  10 y  25  0 .

Case III: If the circle lies in the third quadrant:

The equation of a circle that touches both the coordinate axes and has radius a is
x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0
The given radius of the circle is 5 units, i.e. a=5.
Thus, the equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  10 x  10 y  25  0 .

Case IV: If the circle lies in the fourth quadrant:

The equation of a circle that touches both the coordinate axes and has radius a is
x 2  y 2  2ax  2ay  a 2  0 .
The given radius of the circle is 5 units, i.e. a=5.
Thus, the equation of the circle is x 2  y 2  10 x  10 y  25  0 .
Hence, the required equation of the circle is x2 + y2 ± 10x ± 10y + 25 = 0.

Question 15.

Solution :
(d) x2 + y2 − 6x − 8y = 0
6 8
The centre of the required circle is  ,    3, 4  .
2 2
The radius of the required circle is 32  42  25  5 .
Hence, the equation of the circle is as follows:
2 2
 x  3    y  4   52
⇒ x2  y 2  6 x  8 y  0

Question 16.
Solution :
(b) x2 + y2 − 3x + 4y = 0
 3 
The centre of the circle x2 + y2 − 3x + 4y − c = 0 is  , 2  .
2 
3 
Therefore, the centre of the required circle is  , 2  .
2 
2
 3 2
The equation of the circle is  x     y  2   a 2 . …(1)
 2
Also, circle (1) passes through (−1, −2).
2
 3 2
 1     2  2   a 2
 2
⇒ a=5/2
Substituting the value of a in equation (1):
2 2
 3 2 5
 x     y  2   
 2 2
2


 2 x  3 2
  y  2 
25
4 4
2 2
  2 x  3  4  y  2   25
 x2  y 2  3x  4 y  0

Hence, the required equation of the circle is x2+y2-3x+4y=0.

Question 17.
Solution :
(a) g 2  c
Given:
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 …(1)
The given circle intersects the x-axis.
The equation of circle becomes x2 + 2gx + c = 0. …(2)
Solving equation (2):
∴ Discriminant, D = 4 g 2  4c  0
 4 g 2  4c  0
 g2  c  0
 g2  c
Hence, if g 2  c , then the given circle will not intersect the x-axis.

Question 18.

Solution :
 225 3
(a)
6
Let ABC be the required equilateral triangle.
The equation of the circle is x2 + y2 − 6x − 8y − 25 = 0.
Therefore, coordinates of the centre O is (3, 4).
Radius of the circle = OA = OB = OC = 9  16  25  5 2
In ∆BOD, we have:
DB
sin 60 
BO
3
 DB 
2
5 2 

 BC  2 BD  3 5 2  5 6 
3 3 2 3 150  3  75 3  225 
Now, area of △ABC =
4
BC 2 
4
 5 6  
4

2

6
square units

Question 19.
Solution :

(d) 6
The equation of the circle that touches the axes of coordinates is x2+y2-2cx-2cy+c2=0.
x y
Also, x2+y2-2cx-2cy+c2=0 touches the line   1 or 4x + 3y -12 = 0.
3 4
Since the circle lies in the first quadrant, it centre is (c, c).
From the figure, we have:
4c  3c  12
c
42  32
7c  12
 c
5
c6

Question 20.
Solution :
(a) 1
x2 + y2 = a …(1)
And, x2 + y2 − 6x − 8y + 9 = 0 …(2)
Let circles (1) and (2) touch each other at point P.
The centre of the circle x2 + y2 = a, O, is (0, 0).
The centre of the circle x2 + y2 − 6x − 8y + 9 = 0, C1, is (3, 4).
Also, radius of circle (1) = a = OP
Radius of circle (2) = 9  16  9  4 = C1P
From figure, we have:
C1O  C1 P  OP
 32  42  4  a
5 4 a
 a 1
Question 21.
Solution :
(d) none of these
The end points of the diameter of a circle are (x, 3) and (3, 5).
According to the question, we have:
x3 53
 2, y 
2 2
 x  1, y  4

Question 22.

Solution :
(b) −11
The centre of the circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y − 5 = 0 is (−3, −4).
The circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is concentric with the circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 8y − 5 = 0.
Thus, the centre of x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is (−3, −4).
∴ g=3, f=4
Also, it is given that (−3, 2) lies on the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
2
∴  3  22  2  3  3  2  4  2   c  0
 9  4  18  16  c  0
 c  11

Question 23.

Solution :
(c) 2x + y = 0
Let the diameter of the circle be y = mx.
Since the diameter of the circle passes through its centre, (1, −2) satisfies the equation of the
diameter.
∴ m=-2
Substituting the value of m in the equation of diameter:
y=-2x
⇒ 2x+y=0
Hence, the required equation of the diameter is 2x+y=0.

Question 24.

Solution :
(b) x2 + y2 − ax − by = 0
2 2
a b a b 1 2
Centre of the circle is  ,  and its radius is       a  b2 .
 2 2 2 2 2
Equation of circle:
2 2
 a  b 1 2
 x     y    a  b 
2

 2  2 4
2 2
⇒  2 x  a    2 y  b    a 2  b2 
⇒ 4 x 2  a 2  4ax  4 y 2  b 2  4by  a 2  b 2
⇒ x 2  ax  y 2  by  0

Question 25.
Solution :
1 1 1
(a) 2  2 
a b c
Given:
x2 + y2 + 2ax + c = 0 …(1)
And, x2 + y2 + 2by + c = 0 …(2)
For circle (1), we have:
Centre = (-a,0) = C1
For circle (2), we have:
Centre = (0,-b) = C2
Let the circles intersect at point P.
∴ Coordinates of P = Mid point of C1C2
  a  0 0  b    a b 
⇒ Coordinates of P =  ,  , 
 2 2   2 2 
Now, we have:
PC1  radius of 1
2 2
 a  b
  a     0    a 2  c
 2  2
2 2
a b
   a 2  c ...  3
4 4
Also, radius of circle 1  radius of circle  2 
 a 2  c  b2  c
 a 2  b 2 ...  4 
From (3) and (4), we have:
a2
 a2  c
2
a2
 c
2
2 1
 2 
a c
1 1 1
 2 2 
a a c
1 1 1
 2 2 
a b c
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