DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

BASED ON NSCP 7th EDITION (NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES 2015)

Assumed Dimensions:
Column : 300 X 300
Beam : 300 X 350
Slab thickness: 150 mm
Wall thickness: 150mm
SLAB/BEAM/CONCRETE WT. = 23.6 kN/m3

DESIGN LOADS

 DEAD LOADS (Table 204-2. Minimum Design Dead Loads)

SLAB/BEAM/CONCRETE WT. = 23.6 kN/m3

CEILING = 0.22 kPa

Gypsum Board (per mm thickness)= 0.008(15mm thick)= 0.12 kPa
Suspended steel channel system= 0.10 kPa

FLOOR FILL:
Lightweight Concrete/mm = 0.015 x 150 = 2.25 kPa

FLOOR & FLOOR FINISHES

Solid Flat Tile on 25 mm mortar base = 1.10 kPa
Concrete Fill finish (25mm) = 0.575 kPa

100mm, CHB Walls = 2.98 kPa

150mm, CHB Walls = 3.30 kPa

EE/Plumbing Utilities = 0.10 kPa

 Live Loads (Table 205-1. Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads)

Basic floor area

Uniform Load = 1.9 kPa

 Roof Live Loads (Table 205-3)

For flat or rise less than 4 units Tributary area (m2 ) – Load
vertical in 12 units horizontal 0 to 20 – 1 kPa
(33.33%). Arch and dome with rise 20 to 60 – 0.75 kPa
less than one – eighth of span over 60 – 0.60 kPa
WIND LOAD ANALYSIS

Considering the structure is a partially enclosed building located in General Santos City, South
Cotabato:

1. Occupancy Category of the Building

The building is determined to be categorized as IV Standard Occupancy as per Section

103, NSCP 2015 7th Edition.

2. Basic Wind Speed

Considering the location of the building is in General Santos City, the basic wind speed V is
determined to be:
V=290 kph = 80.56 m/s
as per Section 207A.5.1, NSCP 2015, 7th Edition illustrated in Figure 207A.5-1A

3. Wind Load Parameters

a. Wind Directionality Factor
Considering the structure is a building, under MWFRS

𝑲𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓

as per Section 207A.6 referring to Table 207A.6-1 (NSCP 2015 7th Edition)

b. Exposure Category

Considering that the structure location is in General Santos City, South Cotabato,
its ground surface roughness is determined to be categorized as Surface Roughness
B: Urban and Suburban Areas, wooded areas, or other terrain with numerous closely
 spaced obstructions having the size of single-family dwellings or larger (Section
207A.7.2)
Moreover, exposure category is determined to be Exposure B as per Section
2017A.7.3.

c. Topographic Factor
𝑲𝒛𝒕 = 1.0

since site conditions and locations of structures do not meet all the conditions
specified in Section 207A.8.1

d. Gust Effect Factor

G = 0.85

since the structure is considered rigid (Section 2017 A.9.1).

The structure is determined to be rigid since it is considered a low-rise

building (Section 207A.9.2, NSCP 2015 7th Edition). Moreover, the structure is
considered low-rise building since it comply the conditions specify in Section
207A.2.

e. Enclosure Classification

The structure is classified as partially enclosed since the structure comply the
conditions in Section 207A.2, NSCP 2015 7th Edition.

f. Internal Pressure Coefficient

𝑮𝑪𝒑𝒊 = ±𝟎. 𝟓𝟓
for partially enclosed buildings (MWFRS) referred in Table 207A.11-1

4. Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient 𝑲𝒉 and 𝑲𝒛

Referring to Table 207B.3-1, NSCP 2015 7th Edition

For 0 ≤ z ≤ 4.5, 𝐾𝑧 = 0.57
For 4.5 ≤ z ≤ 6.0 𝐾𝑧 = 0.62
For 6.0 ≤ z ≤ 7.5 𝐾𝑧 = 0.66
2
Using 𝐾ℎ = 2.01(ℎ/𝑧𝑔 )𝛼

where 𝑧𝑔 = 365.76 for Exposure B

α = 7.0 for Exposure B
For h=7.4
2
𝐾ℎ = 2.01(7.4/365.76)7 = 0.6594
5. Velocity Pressure 𝒒𝒉 or 𝒒𝒛

qz= 0.613KzKztKdV2

For 0m ≤ z ≤ 4.5m
𝑞𝑧 = 0.613(0.85)(0.57)(1.0)(80.56)2 = 1927.49

For 4.5m ≤ z ≤ 6.0m

𝑞𝑧 = 0.613(0.85)(0.62)(1.0)(80.56)2 = 2096.57

For 6.0m ≤ z ≤ 7.4m

𝑞𝑧 = 0.613(0.85)(0.6594)(1.0)(80.56)2 = 2229.81

6. External Pressure Coefficient 𝑪𝒑

7.4
h/L = 13
= 0.5692

Windward Wall
𝐶𝑝 = 0.8
Leeward Wall
𝐶𝑝 = −0.5

Windward Roof
𝐶𝑝 = (−0.9,0.9)

7. Wind Pressure
p = qG𝑪𝒑 -𝒒𝒊 (𝑮𝑪𝒑𝒊)
where
q = 𝑞𝑧 for windward walls evaluated at height z from the ground.
q = 𝑞ℎ for leeward walls, side walls, and roofs, evaluated at height h.
𝑞𝑖 = 𝑞ℎ for windward walls, sidewalls, leeward walls and roofs of enclosed building and for
negative internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed building.
G = GUST EFFECT FACTOR.
𝐶𝑃 = external pressure coefficient
(𝐺𝐶𝑃𝑖 ) = internal pressure coefficient.

Windward Wall

For 0m ≤ z ≤ 4.5m
p = 𝑞𝑧 G𝐶𝑝 -𝑞ℎ (𝐺𝐶𝑝𝑖 )
p = (1927.49)(0.85)(0.8)-( 2229.81)(0.55) = 84.2977 pa
p = (1927.49)(0.85)(0.8)-( 2229.81)(-0.55) = 2537.0887pa

For 4.5m ≤ z ≤ 6.0m

p = 𝑞𝑧 G𝐶𝑝 -𝑞ℎ (𝐺𝐶𝑝𝑖 )
p = (2096.57)(0.85)(0.8)- (2229.81)(0.55)= 199.2721 pa
p = (2096.57)(0.85)(0.8)- (2229.81)(-0.55)= 2652.0361 pa
For 6.0m ≤ z ≤ 7.4 m
p = 𝑞𝑧 G𝐶𝑝 -𝑞ℎ (𝐺𝐶𝑝𝑖 )
p = (2229.81)(0.85)(0.8)- (2229.81)(0.55)= 289.8753 pa
p = (2229.81)(0.85)(0.8)- (2229.81)(-0.55)= 2742.6663 pa

Leeward Wall
p = 𝑞ℎ G𝐶𝑝 -𝑞ℎ (𝐺𝐶𝑝𝑖 ) = 𝑞ℎ (G𝐶𝑝 -(𝐺𝐶𝑝𝑖 ))
p = 2229.81 [(0.85)(-0.5)-(0.55)] = -2209.00 pa
p = 2229.81 [(0.85)(-0.5)-(-0.55)] = 283.21 pa

Windward Roof
p = 𝑞ℎ G𝐶𝑝 -𝑞ℎ (𝐺𝐶𝑝𝑖 ) = 𝑞ℎ [G𝐶𝑝 -(𝐺𝐶𝑝𝑖 )]
p = 2229.81 [(0.85)(-0.9)-(0.55)] = -2174.06475.32 pa
p = 2229.81 [(0.85)(-0.9)-(-0.55)] = -4278.72625 pa
2.742 kPa 2.209 kPa

2.652 kPa

2.537 kPa

F2 F4

F1 F3

F4 = 2.209(6)(3.35/2) + (2.209)(6)(1.4)= 40.76 kN

F3 = 2.209(6)(2)(3.35/2)= 44.42 kN

F2 = 2.65(6)(1.675) + 2.74(6)(0.7)= 38.14 kN

F1 = 2.56(6)(3.35/2) + 2.67(6)(1.675) + 2.56(6)(4.5-3.35)= 70.02 kN

Moment Diagram
SEISMIC LOAD ANALYSIS

Static Force Procedure, NSCP 2015, Section 208.5.2

Seismic Factors:

 Importance Factor, I = 1.00

The building is categorised as Standard Occupancy Structures. Hence, its corresponding
Seismic Factor is 1.00 (NSCP 2015, Section 208.4.2, Table 208-1).

 Seismic Zone Factor, Z = 0.40

The building is located in General Santos City, South Cotabato which is covered by Seismic
Zone 4 (NSCP 2015, Fig. 208-1). Its corresponding Seismic Zone Factor is therefore 0.40
(NSCP 2015, Section 208.4.4.1, Table 208-3).

 Seismic Soil Profile Type, S: 𝑺𝑫

The Soil Profile Type is found to be of 𝑆𝐷 type upon site geological exploration (NSCP 2015,
Section 208.4.3.1).

 Near Source Factor, 𝑵𝒂 = 1.00 and 𝑵𝒗 = 1.00

The Seismic Source is determined to have a Near Source Factor Na = 1.00 and 𝑁𝑣 = 1.00
(NSCP 2015, Section 208.4.4.3, Table 208-5 and Table 208-6).

 Seismic Response Coefficient, 𝑪𝒂 = 0.44 and 𝑪𝒗 = 0.64

𝐶𝑎 = 0.44𝑁𝑎 = 0.44 (NSCP 2015, Section 208.4.4.4, Table 208-7)
𝐶𝑣 = 0.64𝐶𝑣 = 0.64 (NSCP 2015, Section 208.4.4.4, Table 208-8)

 Structural System Classification : Dual System

The building is determined to fall under the definition of Dual System (NSCP 2015, 208.4.6.4).

 Response Modification Factor, R = 8.5

R = 8.5 for Dual System (Earthquake-Force-Rearing Structured System of Concrete).

 Elastic Fundamental Vibration, T = 0.3888874796

Using Method A to determined Elastic Fundamental Vibration T.
T = 𝐶𝑡 (ℎ𝑛 )3/4 (NSCP 2015, Section 208.5.2.2, Eq. 208-12)

T = CThn0.75
CT = 0.0731 for Concrete Frames
= 0.0731(6.7)0.75
= 0.30442 s

F T = 0 if T ≤ 0.7 s
T = 0.30442 s ≤ 0.7 s, therefore FT = 0.
MATERIAL UNIT WEIGHTS:

Beam/Column Self weight = 23.6 kN/m2

150 mm CHB ext. walls (2 faces plastered) = 3.30 kPa
100 mm CHB int. walls = 2.98 kPa
Ceiling (susp. channel + gypsum board) = 0.108 kPa
Floor Finish (Ceramic or Quarry Tile (20mm)) = 1.10 kPa
EE/ME/Plumbing utilities = 0.10 kPa
Roof load = 0.0912 kPa

SEISMIC DEAD LOADS CALCULATIONS:

Beam = (0.35) (0.3) (23.6) [12(4)+13(4)] =247.8 KN

Column = (0.3) (0.3) (23.6) (4) (4) [3.35] =113.8464 KN
Slab = (23.6) (0.15) (13) (12) = 552.24 KN
100 mm CHB int. wall = 2.98 (3.35) [5] = 49.915 KN
Ceiling = 0.22 (13) (12) = 34.32 KN
EE/ME/Plumbing utilities = 0.10(13) (12) = 15.6 KN
Total Weightsecond floor = 1011.7214 kN + 15% Allowance
Total Weightsecond floor = 1163.47961 KN

@Roof
Truss = 1/100 (5.37 + 0.053 A ) ( A ) n = 1/100 (5.37 + 0.053 (26) ) ( 26 ) 7= 12.28136 kN
Roofing = 13 (12 ) ( 0.1 )= 15.6 kN
Purlins = 6.14 (9.81 ) (26 ) (6) (1/1000) =9.3964 kN
Beam = (0.35) (0.3) (23.6) [12(4)+13(4)] =247.8 KN
Column =(0.3) (0.3) (23.6) (4) (4) [1.675] =56.9232 KN
150 mm CHB ext. wall =3.3 (1.675) [2(12+13)] = 276.375 KN
100 mm CHB int. wall =2.98 (1.675) [5] = 24.9575 KN
EE/ME/Plumbing utilities = 0.10(13) (12) = 15.6 KN
Total Weightroof = 658.93346 KN +15 % Allowance
Total Weightroof = 757.77348 KN

BASE SHEAR CALCULATIONS:

Level h (m) W (KN) Wh (KN-m)

Roof 6.7 757.77 5077.059

2nd Floor 3.35 1163.47961 3897.656694
TOTAL - 1921.24961 8974.715694
The design base shear defined by the code is:

𝐶𝑣 𝐼𝑊 (0.64)(1.0)(1921.24961)
𝑉= =
𝑅𝑇 (8.5)(0.30442 )
= 475.1947775 kN

The base shear need not exceed:

2.5𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊 2.5(0.44)(1.0)(1.0)(1921.24961)
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑅 8.5
= 248.6323 kN

The base shear shall not be less than:

𝑉 = 0.11𝐶𝑎 𝐼𝑊 = 0.11(0.44)(1.0)(1.0)(1921.24961)
= 92.98848112 kN

In addition to seismic zone 4, the base shear shall not be less than:

0.8𝑍𝑁𝑣 𝐼𝑊 0.8(0.4)(1.0)(1.0)(1921.24961)
𝑉= =
𝑅 8.5
= 72.32939 kN

Since the design base shear exceeds the maximum allowable base shear required by the code, use
Vmax. Therefore, V = 248.6323 kN

(V − FT )Wh (248.6323 − 0)(5077.059)

𝐹𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑓 = (𝑅. 𝐹. ) = (0.29875)
∑ Wh 8974.715694
= 𝟒𝟐. 𝟎𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝑵
(V − FT )Wh (248.6323 − 0)(3897.656694)
𝐹2𝑛𝑑𝐹 = (𝑅. 𝐹. ) = (0.29875)
∑ Wh 8974.715694
= 𝟑𝟐. 𝟐𝟓𝟖𝟖 𝒌𝑵

Since seismic load is greater than wind load, use Seismic Load Analysis in analyzing frames acted
upon by lateral load.

Moment Diagram
PREPARATION OF LOADS

In accordance to NSCP 2015, minimum designed loads.

Assumed Dimensions:
Column : 300 X 300
Beam : 300 X 350
Slab thickness: 150 mm
Wall thickness: 150mm
SLAB/BEAM/CONCRETE WT. = 23.6 kN/m3

DEAD LOADS

CEILING= 0.108
Gypsum Board= 0.008
Suspended steel channel system= 0.10

FLOOR FILL:
Lightweight Concrete/mm = 0.015 x 150 = 2.25 kPa

FLOOR & FLOOR FINISHES

Solid Flat Tile on 25 mm mortar base = 1.10 kPa
Concrete Fill finish (25mm) = 0.575 kPa
100mm, CHB Walls = 2.98 kPa
150mm, CHB Walls = 3.30 kPa
EE/Plumbing Utilities = 0.10 kPa

 LIVE LOADS (Table 205-1. Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads)

Basic floor area= 1.9 KPa

 ROOF LIVE LOADS (Table 205-3)

For flat or rise less than 4 units Tributary area (m2 ) – Load
vertical in 12 units horizontal 0 to 20 – 1 kPa
(33.33%). Arch and dome with rise 20 to 60 – 0.75 kPa
less than one – eighth of span over 60 – 0.60 kPa
FRAME ANALYSIS

TRIBUTARY AREA : 23.25 m 2

LIVE LOADS AND DEAD LOADS
Live loads

USE OR CONCENTRATED
DESCRIPTION UNIFORM LOAD
OCCUPANCY LOAD
BASIC FLOOR
1.9 0
AREA
EXTERIOR
RESIDENTIAL 2.9 0
BALCONIES
DECKS 1.9 0
STORAGE 1.9 0
Area Tributary= 23.25 m2

Second floor:
Live Loads
Uniform Live Load = Design Loadmin x Atributary / Lspan
= 1.9 (23.25)/4
= 11.1625 kN/m
Total Uniform Live Load WLL= 11.1625 kN/m

Dead Loads
DLSLAB wt. (150mm) = wt.concrete x thickness x Atributary / Lspan
= 23.6 x 0.15 x 23.25/4
= 20.576 kN/m

DLBEAM wt. (300 x 350 mm) = wt.beam x Abeam

= 23.6 x 0.30 x 0.35
= 2.478 kN/m

DLCEILING = Design Loadmin x Atributary / Lspan

= 0.22 x 23.25 / 4
= 1.27875 kN/m

DLFLOOR & FLOOR FINISHES = Design Loadmin x Atributary / Lspan

= 1.675 X 23.5/ 4
= 9.841 kN/m

DLFLOOR FILL = Design Loadmin x Atributary / Lspan

= 2.25 x 23.25 / 4
= 13.08 kN/m

DLINTERIOR WALLS (100mm) = Design Loadmin x HWALL

= 2.98 x 3
 = 8.94 kN/m
DLEXTERIOR WALLS (150mm) = Design Loadmin x HWALL
= 3.3 x 3
= 9.9 kN/m
DL EE/Plumbing Utilities = 0.10 (23.25/4) = 0.5813 kN/m

TOTAL DEAD LOAD WDL = 66.67505 kN/m

Factored Total Vertical Load

WV=1.2 W_DL+1.6W_LL
WV =1.2(66.67505)+1.6(11.1625 kN/m)
WV =97.807 kN/m

@ Roof
Lspan = 4 m
Area tributary= 23.25 m2
Computation of Dead Loads
DLBEAM wt. (300 x 350 mm) = wt.beam x Abeam
= 23.6 x 0.30 x 0.35
= 2.478 kN/m

DLCEILING = Design Loadmin x Atributary / Lspan

= 0.22 x 23.25 / 4
= 1.27875 kN/m

DL EE/Plumbing Utilities = 0.10 (23.25/4) = 0.5813 kN/m

TOTAL DEAD LOAD W DL = 4.33805 kN/m

COMPUTATION OF LIVE LOADS:

UNIFORM LOAD:

Roof Live Load = Design Loadmin x Lspan/Ltruss x Spacing of Purlins

= 1 x 1.2 x 12/13
= 1.108 kN/m

TOTAL UNIFORM LIVE LOAD W LL = 1.108 kN/m

Factored Total Vertical Load
Wv =1.2 W_DL+1.6W_LL
Wv 1.2(4.33805 )+1.6(1.108)
Wv =6.978 kN/m

DEAD LOAD

LIVE LOAD CASE 1

LIVE LOAD CASE 2
 DESIGN OF BEAMS

FOR BEAM CF

AT LEFT SUPPORT
Max Moment: 41.848 kN-m (Negative Moment)
b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^'c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.021303223

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.003373494

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.015977417

ωmax = p_max 〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 41.848 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
=c155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu= ՓRnbd2
41.848 x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 1.2652342

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(1.1453))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.003167044 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 354.217 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,
Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 1.128 say 2 BARS

USE 2-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

At Midspan Support:

Max Moment: 4.89 kN-m

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598
ω_max = p_〖max 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c
= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 4.89 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.
Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
6
4.89 x10 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 0.147832561
ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2R_n)/(0.85(f^' c))))
ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(0.148))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.000357732 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 354.217 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 1.128 say 2 BARS

USE 2-20 mm ⦵ Bottom bars.

At Right Support:

Max Moment: 10.43 kN-m (Negative Moment)

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 10.43 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m
Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
10.43 x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 0.315

ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2R_n)/(0.85(f^' c))))

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(0.3486))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.00085 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 354.217 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 1.128 say 2 BARS

USE 2-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

AT BEAM FI

AT LEFT SUPPORT
Max Moment: 23.27 kN-m (Negative Moment)
b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.003371

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m
Since, 177.86 kN-m > 24.017 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.
Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
=155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
23.27 x 106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 0.703

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(0.703))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.00173 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 354.217 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,
Ab =314.16 mm2
N = 1.128 say 2 BARS

USE 2-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

At Midspan Support:

Max Moment: 14.86 kN-m

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213
ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 13.039 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )
= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
14.86 x 106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 0.449

ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2R_n)/(0.85(f^' c))))

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(0. 0.449 ))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.00109649 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 354.217 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 1.128 say 2 BARS

USE 2-20 mm ⦵ Bottom bars.

At Right Support:
Max Moment: 23.160 kN-m (Negative Moment)
b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L=4m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m
Since, 177.86 kN-m > 23.160 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
23.160 x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 0.700222037

ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2R_n)/(0.85(f^' c))))

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(0.7002))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.001722263 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 354.217 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 1.128 say 2 BARS

USE 2-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

AT BEAM IL

AT LEFT SUPPORT
Max Moment: 32 kN-m (Negative Moment)
b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.003371

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203
Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m
Since, 177.86 kN-m > 32 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
=155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
32x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 0.967

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(0.967))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.0025 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 354.217 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 1.128 say 2 BARS

USE 2-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

At Midspan Support:

Max Moment: 3.55 kN-m

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598
ω_max = p_〖max 〗⁡〖(fy)〗 /f'c
= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m
Since, 177.86 kN-m > 3.55 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
6
3.55 x 10 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 0.967

ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2R_n)/(0.85(f^' c))))

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(0.967))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.002399 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 354.217 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab =314.16 mm2
N = 1.128 say 2 BARS

USE 2-20 mm ⦵ Bottom bars.

At Right Support:

Max Moment: 14.139 kN-m (Negative Moment)

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598
ω_max = pmax 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c
= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 14.139 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
=155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
14.139 x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 0.427

ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2R_n)/(0.85(f^' c))))

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(0.427))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.0013 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 354.217 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 1.128 say 2 BARS

USE 2-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

AT BEAM BE

AT LEFT SUPPORT
Max Moment: 107.004 kN-m (Negative Moment)
b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.003371
ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗⁡〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7 = 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 107.004 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
=155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
107.004 x 106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 3.235

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(3.235))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.0102 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 1067.44 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 3.4 say 4 BARS

USE 4-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

At Midspan Support:

Max Moment: 85.206 kN-m

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
 = 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 85.206 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
85.206 x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 2.57

ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2R_n)/(0.85(f^' c))))

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(2.57))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.00067 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 954.553 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 3.04 say 4 BARS

USE 4-20 mm ⦵ Bottom bars.

At Right Support:

Max Moment: 141.34 kN-m (Negative Moment)

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213
ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 141.34 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
141.34 x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 4.273

ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2Rn)/(0.85(f^' c))))

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(4.273))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.01199 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 1590.924 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 5.064 say 6 BARS

USE 6-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

AT BEAM EH

AT LEFT SUPPORT
Max Moment: 154.78 kN-m (Negative Moment)
b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.003371

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗⁡〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 154.78 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
154.78 x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 4.67

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(4.67))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.0133 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 1619.21 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 5.154 say 6 BARS

USE 6-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

At Midspan Support:

Max Moment: 65.56 kN-m

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m
Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:
ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ωmax = p_〖max 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7 = 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 65.56 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.
Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
65.56 x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 1.98

ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2R_n)/(0.85(f^' c))))

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(1.98))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.00508 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 749.425 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 2.385 say 3 BARS

USE 3-20 mm ⦵ Bottom bars.

At Right Support:

Max Moment: 130.47 kN-m (Negative Moment)

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 130.47 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
130.47 x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 3.944

ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2R_n)/(0.85(f^' c))))

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(3.944))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.0139 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 1463.54 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 4.659 say 5 BARS

USE 5-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

AT BEAM HK
AT LEFT SUPPORT
Max Moment: 152.136 kN-m (Negative Moment)
b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.003371

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗⁡〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 152.136 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
152.136 x106= (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 4.599

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(4.599))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.0151 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 1588.021 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 5.055 say 6 BARS

USE 6-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

At Midspan Support:

Max Moment: 216.625 kN-m (Negative Moment)

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.016

ω_max = p_〖max 〗⁡〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.016 (415))/20.7
= 0.320

Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.321)[1-0.59(0.321)]
= 5.3775

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3775) (300) (400)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m < 216.63 kN-m, therefore the design is doubly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
=155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

As1 = ƿmaxbd
= 1677.629 mm2

Mn1 = Mumax
= 197.624 KN-m

ØMn2 = Mu – ØMmaz
= 38.76 KN-m

ØMn2 = Ø As2fy(d-d’)
As2 = 377.4 mm2

As = As1 + As2
 = 2055.03 mm2

C1 = T1
0.85 f’c a b = As1 fy
a = 131.9 mm
c= β_1/a
c = 155.172 mm

f’s = 600 (c-d')/c

= 310 MPa
Since f’s < fy; the compression steel does not yield; use f’s

A’s = As2 fy/f's

= 505.231 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Top Compression Side

A’s = 505.231 mm2

N = 1.61 say 2 BARS

USE 2-20 mm ⦵ Top bars.

Bottom Compression Side

As = 2055.03 mm2
N = 6.54 say 7 BARS

USE 7-20 mm ⦵ bars.

At Right Support:

Max Moment: 82.349 kN-m (Negative Moment)

b = 300 mm
d = 350 mm
fy = 415 MPa
f'c = 20.7 MPa
L= 4 m

Solve for Mumax to determine whether compression steel is needed:

ƿb = (0.85(f^' c)(β)(600))/(fy(600+fy))
= (0.85(20.7)(0.85)(600))/(415(600+415))
= 0.0213

ƿmin = 1.4/fy
= 0.00337

ƿmax = 0.75ƿb
= 0.75(0.0213)
= 0.01598

ω_max = p_〖max 〗⁡〖(fy)〗 /f'c

= (0.01598 (415))/20.7
= 0.3203
Rnmax = (f'c)(ω_max)[1-0.59(ω_max)]
= 20.7(0.3203)[1-0.59(0.3203)]
= 5.3773

Mumax = ՓRnmax bd2

= 0.9 (5.3773) (300) (350)2
= 177.86 x 106 kN-m

Since, 177.86 kN-m > 82.349 kN-m, therefore the design is singly reinforced.

Determine if the beam is tension controlled:

ØMtn = 459/1600 (f'c)(ß1)(bd2)(1- 3/16 β_1 )

= 459/1600(20.7)(0.85)(300)(350)2 [1- 3/16(0.85)]
= 155.934 KN-m

Since Mu < Ø Mtn , the section is tension controlled:

Mu = ՓRnbd2
82.349 x106 = (0.90)(Rn)(300) (350)2
Rn = 2.48

ρ = 0.85f'c/fy (1-√(1-(2R_n)/(0.85(f^' c))))

ρ = (0.85(20.7))/415 (1-√(1-(2(2.48))/(0.85(20.7))))
ρ = 0.0087 < ρmin

As = ρbd
= 918.021 mm2

Use 20 mm ⦵ bars,

Ab = 314.16 mm2
N = 2.922 say 3 BARS

USE 3-20 mm ⦵ Bottom bars.

 DESIGN OF SLAB

For ground slab, only temperature bars are provided.

Slab thickness, h= 150 mm

Concrete cover = 20 mm
Temperature bar diameter = 10 mm
Ab = 78.54 mm2
d = 100 mm
ρT = 0.002 (for grade 275 deformed bars)

 Along short direction

Ast = 0.002bh
= 0.002(1000) (150)
Ast = 300 mm2
1000Ab 1000×78.54
Spacing required= = = 261.8mm, say 250 mm
Ast 300
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement may not be spaced not farther apart than 5 times the
slab thickness, nor 450 mm
Smax = 5t = 5(150) = 750 mm or
Smax = 450 mm
Use s = 250 mm.

 Along long direction

d = 130 – 10 = 120 mm
Ast = 0.002bd
= 0.002(1000) (120)
Ast = 240 mm2
1000Ab 1000×78.54
Spacing required= = = 327.25 mm, say 320 mm
Ast 240
Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement may not be spaced not farther apart than 5 times the
slab thickness, nor 450 mm
Smax = 750 mm or
Smax = 450 mm
Use s = 320 mm.

DESIGN OF SLAB AT SECOND FLOOR

AT PANEL A,C,G,I
Slab Dimension 4000 x 5000 mm
Beam Width 300 mm
Clear Slab Dimension 3700 x 4700 mm
Concrete Strength (f’c) 20.7 MPa
Reinforcement Bar Strength (f’c) 275 MPa

Minimum Thickness

1 1
t min = (perimeter) = [2(3700 + 4700)]
180 180
t min = 93.33 mm
Use t = 100 mm

Effective Depth
1
d = 100 − 20 mm(covering) − bar diameter(12mm)
2
d = 74 mm

For steel in long direction

1
d = 100 − 20 mm(covering) − 12mm − bar diameter(12mm)
2
d = 62 mm
 A. SLAB LOADS
LOADS
DEADLOADS Unit A B C D E F G H I
(DL) s
Slab kPa 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54
Ceiling kPa 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Floor Finish kPa 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Wall kPa 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98
Partition(interior
)
Wall kPa 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3
Partition(exterior
)
MEPF Utilities kPa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
TOTAL kPa 11.24 11.24 11.24 11.24 11.24 11.24 11.24 11.24 11.24
DEADLOADS
LIVE LOADS kPa 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
Basic Floor Area

AT PANEL A,C,G,I

CASE 4 (ONE SHORT SIDE AND ONE LONG SIDE CONTINUOUS)

Ratio of Panel Sides

L 3.7
m = La = 4.7 = 0.79 > 0.50 (Two-way slab);
b
Ls – length of clear span in short direction
Lb – length of clear span in long direction

Coefficient for Case 4 for m= 0.79

Cs,neg = 0.108 Cs dl = 0.04 Cs ll = 0.049 Ws = 0.72

Cb,neg = 0.0281 Cb dl = 0.0154 Cb ll = 0.019 Wb = 0.28

Slab Loads;
Considering only 1-m widestrip;
1.2(D.L.)(1)=(1.2)(11.24)(1)=13.488 kN/m
1.6(L.L.)(1) =1.6(1.9)(1) =3.04 kN/m
Total Load (wtotal)= 16.528 kN/m

Referring to Design of concrete structures by Arthur H. Nilson

From the table (negative moments at continuous edge)

-Ms = Cs wLs2
= 0.108(16.528) (3.7)2
= 23.758 KN-m

-Mb = Cb wLb2
= 0.0281 (16.528) (4.7)2
= 10.259 KN-m
Along short direction:
MaDL= 0.04(13.488) (3.7)2
= 7.38 KN-m
MaLL = 0.049 (3.04) (3.7)2
= 2.039 KN-m
+Mta = 9.24 + 5.152
= 9.419 KN-m

Along long direction:

MaDL = 0.0154 (13.488) (4.7)2
= 4.588 KN-m
MaLL = 0.019 (13.488) (4.7)2
= 1.275 KN-m
+Mta = 4.588 + 1.275
= 5.863 KN-m

Negative moment at discontinuous edge equals 1/3 of positive moment

Ma = 1/3 (23.758) = 7.919 KN-m

Mb = 1/3 (10.259) = 3.419 KN-m

DESIGN OF SLAB AT SECOND FLOOR

AT PANEL B,D,F,H
Slab Dimension 4000 x 5000 mm
Beam Width 300 mm
Clear Slab Dimension 3700 x 4700 mm
Concrete Strength (f’c) 20.7 MPa
Reinforcement Bar Strength (f’c) 275 MPa

Minimum Thickness

1 1
t min = (perimeter) = [2(3700 + 4700)]
180 180
t min = 93.33 mm
Use t = 100 mm

Effective Depth

1
d = 100 − 20 mm(covering) − bar diameter(12mm)
2
d = 74 mm

For steel in long direction

1
d = 100 − 20 mm(covering) − 12mm − bar diameter(12mm)
2
d = 62 mm
 A. SLAB LOADS
LOADS
DEADLOADS (DL) Unit A B C D E F G H I
s
Slab kPa 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54
Ceiling kPa 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Floor Finish kPa 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Wall kPa 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98
Partition(interior)
Wall kPa 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3
Partition(exterior)
MEPF Utilities kPa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
TOTAL kPa 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2
DEADLOADS 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
LIVE LOADS kPa 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
Basic Floor Area

AT PANEL B,D,F,H

CASE 8 (BOTH SHORT SIDES AND ONE LONG SIDE CONTINUOUS)

Ratio of Panel Sides

L 3.7
m = La = 4.7 = 0.79 > 0.50 (Two-way slab);
b

Ls – length of clear span in short direction

Lb – length of clear span in long direction

Coefficient for Case 4 for m= 0.79

Cs,neg = 0.056 Cs dl = 0.033 Cs ll = 0.045 Ws = 0.56

Cb,neg = 0.04 Cb dl = 0.0146 Cb ll = 0.018 Wb = 0.439

Slab Loads;
1.2(D.L.)(1)=(1.2)(11.24)(1)=13.488 kN/m
1.6(L.L.)(1) =1.6(1.9)(1) =3.04 kN/m
Total Load (wtotal)= 16.528 kN/m

Referring to Design of concrete structures by Arthur H. Nilson

From the table (negative moments at continuous edge)

-Ma = Cs wLs2
= 0.056(16.528) (3.7)2
= 12.67 KN-m

-Mb = 0.04 (16.528) (4.7)2

= 14.604 KN-m

Along short direction:

MaDL = 0.033 (13.488) (3.7)2

= 6.09 KN-m

MaLL = 0.045 (3.04) (3.7)2

=1.8727 KN-m

+Mta = 6.09 + 1.87

= 7.96 KN-m
Along long direction:

MaDL = 0.0146 (13.488) (4.7)2

= 4.35 KN-m

MaLL = 0.018 (3.04) (4.7)2

=1.20 KN-m

+Mta = 4.35 + 1.20

= 5.55 KN-m

Negative moment at discontinuous edge equals 1/3 of positive moment

Ma = 1/3 (12.67) = 4.22 KN-m

Mb = 1/3 (14.604) = 4.868 KN-m

DESIGN OF SLAB AT SECOND FLOOR

AT PANEL E
Slab Dimension 4000 x 5000 mm
Beam Width 300 mm
Clear Slab Dimension 3700 x 4700 mm
Concrete Strength (f’c) 20.7 MPa
Reinforcement Bar Strength (f’c) 275 MPa

Minimum Thickness

1 1
t min = (perimeter) = [2(3700 + 4700)]
180 180
t min = 93.33 mm
Use t = 100 mm

Effective Depth

1
d = 100 − 20 mm(covering) − bar diameter(12mm)
2
d = 74 mm
For steel in long direction

1
d = 100 − 20 mm(covering) − 12mm − bar diameter(12mm)
2
d = 62 mm

A. SLAB LOADS
LOADS
DEADLOADS (DL) Unit A B C D E F G H I
s
Slab kPa 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54 3.54
Ceiling kPa 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
Floor Finish kPa 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Wall kPa 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98
Partition(interior)
Wall kPa 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3
Partition(exterior)
MEPF Utilities kPa 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
TOTAL kPa 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2
DEADLOADS 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
LIVE LOADS kPa 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9
Basic Floor Area
AT PANEL E
CASE 2 (ALL SIDE CONTINUOUS)

Ratio of Panel Sides

La 3.7
m= = = 0.79 > 0.50 (Two-way slab);
Lb 4.7

La – length of clear span in short direction

Lb – length of clear span in long direction

Coefficient for Case 4 for m= 0.79

Ca,neg = 0.065 Cadl = 0.0264 Call = 0.042 Wa = 0.72
Cb,neg = 0.026 Cbdl = 0.011 Cbll = 0.016 Wb = 0.281

Slab Loads;

Considering only 1-m widestrip;

11.2(D.L.)(1)=(1.2)(11.24)(1)=13.488 kN/m
1.6(L.L.)(1) =1.6(1.9)(1) =3.04 kN/m
Total Load (wtotal)= 16.528 kN/m

Referring to Design of concrete structures by Arthur H. Nilson

From the table (negative moments at continuous edge)
-Ma = Cs wLs2
= 0.065 (16.528) (3.7)2
= 14.707 KN-m

-Mb = 0.026 (16.528) (4.7)2

= 9.4926 KN-m

Along short direction:

MaDL = 0.0264 (13.488) (3.7)2

= 4.87 KN-m

MaLL = 0.042 (3.04) (3.7)2

= 1.74 KN-m

+Mta = 4.87 + 1.74

= 6.61 KN-m

Along long direction:

MaDL = 0.011 (13.488 (4.7)2

= 4.1 KN-m

MaLL = 0.016 (3.04) (4.7)2

= 2.7 KN-m

+Mta = 4.1 + 2.7

= 6.8 KN-m

Negative moment at discontinuous edge equals 1/3 of positive moment

Ma = 1/3 (14.707) = 4.902 KN-m

Mb = 1/3 (9.4926) = 3.1642 KN-m
 DESIGN OF COLUMN
FOR EXTERIOR COLUMNS:

Assume, use 6-20 mm Ø bars

Ab = 314.1593 mm2

For a Balanced Condition,

600𝑑
c= 600+𝑓𝑦 ; d = 300 – 70 = 230 mm

600(230)
c= 600+415

c= 135.961 mm

a = β1c a = 0.85(135.961)
a = 115.567 mm

Cc = 0.85 f’c ab Cc = 0.85(20.7)( 115.567)(300)

Cc = 610.020 MPa
135.961 − 70
fs1 = 600 ( 135.961 )
fs1 = 291.088 MPa

Cs1 = fs1 X 2Ab Cs1 = 291.088 (2x 314.1593)

Cs1 = 182.9 kN
𝑦−𝑐 150−135.961
fs2 = 600 ( 𝑐
) fs2 = 600 ( 135.961 )
fs2 = 61.95 MPa

T1 = fs2 X 2Ab T1 = 61.95 (2 x 314.1593)

T1 = 38.92 kN
𝑑−𝑐 230−135.961
Fs3 = 600 ( 𝑐
) fs3 = 600 ( 135.961 )
fs3 = 415 MPa = fy

T2 = fy X 2Ab T2 = 415 (2 x 314.1593)

T2 = 260.753 kN

Σ Fv = 0:
Pn = Cs1 + Cc - T1 - T2
Pn = 182.9 + 610.020 – 38.92 - 260.753
Pn = 493.247 kN

Σ Mo = 0:
Pn(x) = Cc (d – a/2) + Cs1 (d – d’) – T1 (d - 150)
115.567
493.247 (x) = 610.020 (230 – 2 ) + 182.9 (230 – 70) – 38.92 (230 - 150)
x = 254.157 mm
eb = 254.157 – 80
eb = 174.157 mm < e = 56.577/217.782 = 259.787 mm

Since e is greater than eb the tension steel will yield but the compression steel may or may not.

Assuming compression steel does not yield:

𝐶−70
fs1 = 600 ( 𝐶
)

𝑐−70 𝑐−70
Cs1 = fs1 X AS1 Cs1 = 628.32 x 600 ( 𝑐
) = 376992.0 ( 𝑐
)
T1 = As1 fy T1 = 628.32 (415)
T1 = 260752.8 N

T2 = As2 fy T2 = 628.32 (415)

T2 = 260752.8 N

Cc = 0.85 f’c a b ; a = β1c

Cc = 0.85 (20.7) (0.85 c) (300)

Cc = 4486.725c

Σ Fv = 0:
Pn = Cs1 + Cc - T1 - T2
𝑐−70
Pn = 376992.0 ( ) + 4486.725c – 260752.8 – 260752.8
𝑐
𝑐−70
Pn = 4486.725 (c) + 376992.0 ( ) – 521505.6
𝑐

Σ Mo = 0:
Pn (x) = Cc (d – a/2) + Cs1 (d – d’) – T1 (d - 150)
𝑐−70 0.85𝑐
(4486.725 (c) + 376992.0 ( 𝑐
) – 521505.6) x 254.157 = (4486.725c) (230 – 2
) +
𝑐−70
376992.0 ( 𝑐 ) (160) - 260752.8 (80)

𝐶−70 0.85𝑐
1140332.556 (c) + 35496435.74 ( 𝐶
) = (4486.725c) (230 – 2
) + 111684074.8

c = 189.82 mm

Check if compression does not yield as assumed:

𝑐−𝑑′
f’s = 600
𝑐
189.82 −70
f’s = 600 189.82
f’s = 378.74 < 415 MPa [OK]
189.82 −70
Pn = 4486.725 (189.82) + 376992.0 ( ) – 521505.6
189.82
Pn = 568.133 kN

Spacing of lateral ties:

1. 16 db = 16 (20) = 352 mm
2. 48 (tie Ø) = 48 (10) = 480 mm
3. least dimension = 300 mm

Use spacing of 10 mm Ø @ 300 mm O.C

USING INTERACTION DIAGRAM

From Exterior Columns

Assume, use 4-20mm Ø bars

1. 300mm x 300mm column with 2 rows of reinforcements

2. f’c = 27.6 MPa and fy = 414 MPa
260
3. 𝛾 = = 0.87
300

Ag = 300 x 300 = 90,000 mm2

𝜋𝑑 2
Ast = 4 × 4
= 1256.637 mm2
 Ast
ρg = = 0.00785
Ag

56.577
e= = 259.787 mm
217.782
e 259.787
= = 0.866
h 300

From Figure 5.34

𝑃𝑛
𝐾𝑛 = ′𝑐
= 0.10
𝑓 𝐴𝑔

𝑃𝑛 = 0.10(27.6)(90,000) = 248.4>217.782 kN ok!

Spacing of lateral ties:

1. 16 db = 16 (10) = 320 mm
2. 48 (tie Ø) = 48 (10) = 480 mm
3. least dimension = 300 mm

Use spacing of 10 mm Ø tie bar @ 300 mm O.C