PLANNING AND ROAD ASSETS MANAGEMENT CENTRE

PWD established Planning and Road Assets Management Centre (PRAMC), vide

Government Order No. PWD/11/EAP/2011 dated 23.08.2012, whose functions include

Policy Development and Planning, Programming, Road safety, Information Technology

support across the whole of PWD and Training support across whole of PWD.

Functions of PRAMC

1. Act as a cohesive central office for the planning, Budgeting and Programming of Public
roads in Karnataka.
2. Effectively accomplish and support KRAMS.
3. Planning and decision making, taking into account economic, social factors.
4. Procurement and effective monitoring of Right of Way
5. Preparation of Annual Works Program and Infrastructure Budgets
6. Act as a road safety Cell for PWD by coordinating road safety activities in PWD
7. Improve staff development and training in PWD to help sustain the new processes
8. Annual budgeting process for PWD
 Road Safety

ROAD HUMP
A speed breaker is a hump surface across the roadway having a rounded shape with
width greater than the wheel base of most of the vehicles using the road. When there is decrease
variation in sensory stimuli and at locations where speed controls are desired, a speed breaker
acts as a strong stimuli to arouse reaction in the brain. Since the driver reaction times are faster
in response to audible and tactile stimuli than to visual stimuli, a driver subconsciously reduces
the speed.

An ideally designed hump should satisfy the following requirements:

1. There should be no damage to vehicles nor excessive discomfort to the drivers and
passengers when passing at the preferred crossing speed.
2. The hump should not give rise to excessive noise or cause harmful vibrations to the
adjoining buildings or affect the other residents of the area.
3. Above the design speed, a driver should suffer increasing level of discomfort (but
without losing directional control and without any vehicle damage) depending on the
extent through which design speed is exceeded.
BLACK SPOTS

In road safety management, an accident blackspot or black spot is a place where road
traffic accidents have historically been concentrated. It may have occurred for a variety of
reasons, such as a sharp drop or corner in a straight road, so oncoming traffic is concealed, a
hidden junction on a fast road, poor or concealed warning signs at a cross-roads.

For some decades treatment of accident blackspots (e.g. by signage, speed restrictions,
improving sightlines, straightening bends, or speed cameras) was a mainstay of road safety
policy, but current thinking has it that the benefits of these interventions are often overstated.
Effects such as regression to the mean, risk compensation and accident migration combine to
reduce the overall benefit.

In some cases it has been claimed that the end result is an increase in overall casualties.
In one notable experiment, a number of accident blackspots were "treated" with a null
treatment—placement of a garden gnome, according to some reports. Accident rates at these
points were found to have decreased significantly in the following period,[citation needed] a
finding which is taken as clear evidence supporting the theory of regression to the mean.

Codes For Road Safety

1. IRC:53-1982Road Accident Forms A-1 and 4 (First Revision).

2. IRC:93-1985Guidelines on Design and Installation of Road Traffic Signals.
3. IRC:SP:27-1984Report Containing Recommendations of IRC Regional Workshops
on Highway Safety.
4. IRC:SP:32-1988Road Safety for Children (5-12 Years Old) Under Revision.
5. IRC:SP:44-1994Highway Safety Code.
6. IRC:SP:55-2001Guidelines for Safety in Construction Zones 400.0020.007.
7. MORT&H Manual for Safety in Road Design 600.0030.008.
8. Seminar, 1986Preliminary Publication – International Seminar on “Road Safety”,
Srinagar, September 17-18, 1986
9. Seminar, 1998Technical Papers – International Seminar on ‘‘Highway Safety
Management & Devices”, New Delhi, 6-7 November 1998
10. Seminar, 1998Proceedings – International Seminar on “Highway Safety Management
& Devices”, New Delhi, 6-7 November, 1998
CAUSES OF ROAD ACCIDENTS :
1. Distracted Driving: The number one cause of car accidents is not a criminal that
drove drunk, sped or ran a red light. Distracted drivers are the top cause of car
accidents in the U.S. today. A distracted driver is a motorist that diverts his or her
attention from the road, usually to talk on a cell phone, send a text message or eat
food.
2. Speeding: You’ve seen them on the highway. Many drivers ignore the speed limit
and drive 10, 20 and sometimes 30 mph over the limit. Speed kills, and traveling
above the speed limit is an easy way to cause a car accident. The faster you drive, the
slower your reaction time will be if you need to prevent an auto accident.
3. Drunk Driving: When you drink, you lose the ability to focus and function properly
and its very dangerous when operating a vehicle. Driving under the influence of
alcohol causes car accidents every day, even when they are one the top causes that can
be avoided. Always use a designated driver if you go out and drink.
4. Reckless Driving: If you don’t drive carefully, and you may end up in a needless car
accident. That’s what often happens to reckless drivers who speed, change lanes too
quickly or tailgate before causing a car accident. Reckless drivers are often impatient
in traffic so be sure to take extra care around aggressive drivers.
5. Rain: If the weather gets bad so do the roads. Car accidents happen very often in the
rain because water creates slick and dangerous surfaces for cars, trucks, and
motorcycles and often causes automobiles to spin out of control or skid while braking.
To avoid a car accident, drive extra careful when it rains.
6. Running Red Lights: When you’re driving your car, red means stop and not doing so
usually leads to car accidents. Drivers that run red lights, run the risk of causing
wrongful death because they often cause side-impact collisions at high speeds. To
avoid a car accident, look both ways for oncoming cars as you approach a green light.
7. Running Stop Signs: Stop signs should never be ignored, but when they are, serious
car accidents are often the result. Each year, thousands of car accidents occur because
one driver ran a stop sign. Many rollover accidents and side-impact car accidents
result from drivers that run stop signs. You should always look both ways when
proceeding through a stop sign.
8. Teenage Drivers: Youth is wasted on the young, but careful driving is never wasted
on young drivers. Unfortunately, teenagers aren’t often known for their carefulness.
When teen drivers hit the roads they don’t always know what to do and that lack of
experience ends up causing car accidents.
PREVENTION OF ROAD ACCIDENTS :
1. Keep your eyes on the road: When you are driving, you should be doing just that
and nothing else. Don’t let things going on inside the car distract you from the task at
hand. The car is not the place for multi-tasking, so you should not be doing things like
brushing your hair or shaving (yes, there are people who actually do these things). If
you are not concentrating solely on your driving, you are risking an accident, because
you will not be prepared for anything that is up ahead.
2. Never use your cell phone: There is no good reason to be talking on a cell phone
while you are driving. This is extremely distracting. If you do not have a hands-free
model, you will have to look at the phone to dial numbers. Even with a hands-free,
you will be talking, which will distract you from your driving. Put the phone away,
and make sure it is turned off so you don’t have the urge to answer it if it rings. If you
do need to make a call, wait until you are parked before doing so.
3. Don’t change CD’s: It isn’t really a good idea to be listening to music while you are
driving anyway, but if you are listening to CD’s, make sure that you are not changing
them while you are driving. Again, this will cause you to look away, and even if you
just take your eyes off the road for a second, accidents can happen. Only change CD’s
while the vehicle is parked. If you must listen to music, which itself is distracting
enough, try using the radio instead, on your favourite station which is already preset
so you don’t have to fiddle with it.
4. Never, ever drink and drive: If you are caught drinking and driving in Ontario, you
will pay the price. Not only will you have a huge fine to pay, you could even end up
going to jail and having your vehicle impounded. Your license will be suspended for
at least one year. When you are drinking, you do not have the same abilities that you
do when you are sober, and that includes the ability to drive safely. Your judgement is
impaired, and your vision may not be the greatest either. So many people are
needlessly injured or killed every year in Ontario. Don’t be a statistic. If you are going
to drink, find alternate transportation. Have a designated driver. Take a taxi. Take a
bus. Just don’t take your car. Remember, this also includes driving while under the
influence of any drugs, including narcotics such as marijuana.
5. Avoid construction areas : Sometimes, you may need to change the regular routes
you take to work, school and other places every day, especially if there is construction
going on. There may be detours, which can be confusing for many people and cause
accidents. There may also be debris from the construction that you could run over,
causing tire blowouts or worse. Until construction is completed, find an alternate
route to wherever you are going to avoid the risk of having an accident.
6. Follow speed limits: When you are driving too fast, you are really risking having
accidents. For one thing, if you have to stop suddenly, chances are that you are not
going to be able to. What if a child was to run out in front of you and you were going
too fast? Would you be able to slow down enough, or even stop, so that you don’t hit
him? If you are driving within the posted speed limit, you will not have this problem,
because you will be driving a speed that makes it easy to stop quickly if necessary. It
is not just pedestrians you need to worry about either. Another driver may not be
 paying attention and run a stop sign, and you need to be going slowly enough to be
able to react on time.
7. Follow the rules of the road: Just like speed limits, there are other rules of the road
that you must follow if you want to avoid having accidents, and getting traffic tickets.
If you are approaching a stop sign or a red light, start slowing down long before you
get to it, so that you are able to come to a complete stop at the stop line. Obey all
traffic signs; they are there for a reason.
8. Ignore aggressive drivers : There are going to be some drivers who do some pretty
crazy things, like speed and cut other drivers off, and sooner or later, you are going to
be faced with one of these people. The best thing to do in a case like this is to try and
get as far out of their way as possible. If they are crawling up behind you, honking
their horn, slow down to let them pass. Don’t play games and just make them angrier.
The quicker you can get them away from you, the safer you will be.

Road Junctions

Road Junctions are designed at places where vehicular traffic can move in different directions
in a systematic way. Road Junctions decrease the probability of accidents. The traffic at Road
junctions is controlled and resumed in a systematic way to proceed further in their respective
directions with the help of traffic signals.

Road Junction in Taiwan

Design of Road Junctions is a crucial subject. Understanding the nature of traffic, the kind of
area, density of population etc. is very important so as to propose a suitable road Junction
design.
 Road safety criteria in junctions design
The main objective of junction design is to increase convenience, comfort and safety while at
the same time enhancing the efficient movement of all road users (motor vehicles, buses,
trucks, bicycles, and pedestrians).
Junctions are intended to operate where vehicles often must share space with other vehicles
and pedestrians.
An important safety aim is to match the speed at which drivers negotiate the junction with the
complexity of the decisions to be made. This can be done, for example, by only allowing
simple merging manoeuvres on high speed roads or by ensuring that drivers reduce speed on
the junction approach (e.g. by deflection of path through a roundabout). Sight lines should
provide drivers with sufficient information to make safe decisions, but not tempt them to try
to select short gaps in conflicting traffic flows.

Design Principles Of Junctions Include:

 Minimization of traffic conflicts locations: A junction has a set of conflict points
between vehicle paths, and a good design should aim at minimizing the severity of
potential accidents at these points.

Figure 8 Number of conflict points at junctions and roundabouts

 Sufficient sight distances: Appropriate sight distances, both while approaching the
junction area and being at the junction are of major importance for the safe operation of
the junction. The creation of junctions in vertical sag curves is considered to be
favourable. Another important parameter concerns the prompt perception and
comprehension of the junction's layout and operation by drivers, particularly those who
are not regular users of the junction, and therefore the selection of appropriate path and
travel speed, on which drivers can be assisted by improved horizontal and vertical road
marking and appropriate junction layout .
 Longitudinal section and transverse gradients design: It is important to design the
longitudinal section of the road in the junction area and access areas, in order to achieve a
smooth transition of transverse gradients and effective drainage. Ideal location for a
junction is on a tangent. Location in curves may cause problems, as visibility is reduced,
conflict points increase and superelevation and lane widening make the situation more
complicated. Moreover, junctions should not have gradients over 3%, and never more than
6% in order to provide both improved comfort and sight distances; junctions should also
preferably not be located at or near crest vertical curves .
 Left turning movements: The locations where left turns and U-turns are allowed should
be specifically determined and appropriately configured, by means of traffic islands and/or
marked lanes. It should be noted that left turns are high risk movements on a level
junction. Research results in Great Britain have shown that these movements (right turns
in Great Britain) are responsible for around 70% of all accidents on three-arm junctions .
Minimization of weaving areas

Effect of junction type on road safety

The choice of a junction design depends upon several factors, whose relative importance
varies between cases and should be assessed. The most important ones are:
1. Traffic safety
2. Road type and function
3. Number of concurring legs
4. Traffic volume and type
5. Design and operating speed
6. Priority setting
7. Terrain
8. Available room
9. Adjacent land use
10. Service to neighbouring population
11. Network considerations (design consistency)
12. Environmental concerns
13. Cost

The type of junction has to be suited to the road type, the environment and capacity, in order
to maintain good readability both of the road and of the junction, as well as a satisfactory
level of safety. According to the above, for example, junctions or roundabouts should not be
used on motorways, and signalized junctions need not to be used on rural roads, except in
very special cases

On the basis of the shape of the Road Junctions, they are named as:

1. T-Junction
2. Y-Junction
3. Acute Angle Junction
4. Staggered Junction
5. Multiple Junction
 1. T-junction

A T-junction has three arms of which one arm is a main road whereas the other one is usually
a minor road connecting the main road. The roads of a T-junction meet at right angles and is
preferably used for convenience.

T-Junction

2. Y-Junction

A Y-junction has three arms of which all the three roads are of equal sizes. It is generally seen
at places of heavy traffic. It is pretty useful in the distribution of traffic.

Y-Junction
 3. Acute Angle Junction

Generally Acute Angle Junctions are not preferably used. They create lot of chaos in heavy
traffic. The turning for heavy and bigger vehicles becomes a problem. This creates chaos and
traffic.

Acute Angle Junctions can be used at places with very low density and very less space for a
Junction.

Acute Angle Junction

4. Staggered Junction

A staggered junction is a place where several roads meet a main road at a slight distance apart
thus they do not all come together at the same point.
Major single-point traffic-light controlled junctions of more than two roads are often
reconfigured into staggered junctions in order to increase traffic flow through them.
 5. Multiple Junction

When multiple roads meet at a same point, the junction is termed as “Multiple Junction”.

6. Grade Separator

When two roads cross each other at separate grades, they can be separated by allowing one
passover by means of a bridge or flyover.

Round About
A roundabout (also called a traffic circle, road circle, rotary, rotunda or island) is a type of
circular intersection or junction in which road traffic is permitted to flow in one direction
around a central island, and priority is typically given to traffic already in the junction.
Modern roundabouts observe various design rules to increase safety. Compared to stop signs,
traffic signals, and earlier forms of roundabouts, modern roundabouts reduce the likelihood
and severity of collisions greatly by reducing traffic speeds and minimizing T-bone and head-
on collisions. Variations on the basic concept include integration with tram and/or train lines,
two-way flow, higher speeds and many others.
 Project work

Road safety works on corridor of Highway connecting Nelamangala with

Chikkaballapura via Doddaballapur in Nelamangala Taluk, Bangalore Rural District

INTRODUCTION
Project Background
The Government of Karnataka, Public works, ports and inland water transport department,
Bangalore has contemplated for "The Construction of 4 lane and 2 lane road in PWD,
Bangalore Circle, Bangalore" in Bangalore, Bangalore Rural, Kolar, Chikkaballapura,
Tumkur and Ramanagara Districts, in the state of Karnataka.
The Project Highway
The Government of Karnataka, Public works, ports and inland water transport department,
Bangalore has contemplated for Widening to 4 Lane (Road connecting District to District) of
SH-74, Nelamangala to Chikkaballapura via Doddaballapura in Bangalore Rural and
Chikkaballapura District. The total Length of the Project Road is 60.000 Km. A location map
of the project road is shown in the figure 1.1. The Alignment of the project road starts at
Nelamangala and runs through nearby villages namely Hydalu, Kodipalya, Guttepalya,
Kannamangala, Kanasawadi, Chikkamadurai, Aralumallige, Doddaballapura, Timmasandra,
Sultanpet, Kondevara and ends at Chikkaballapura @ CH 60+000 Km of SH-74.

Figure 1: Location map of the project Road

Objective of the Consultancy Services
The objective of this consultancy is to undertake feasibility studies and prepare a Detailed
Project Report of the Project Highway for the purpose of firming up the Authority’s
requirements in respect of development and construction of the Project Highway and Project
Facilities and enabling the prospective bidders to assess the Authority’s requirements in a
clear and predictable manner with a view to ensuring:
1. Enhanced safety and level of service for the road users
2. Superior operation and maintenance enabling enhanced operational efficiency of the
Project Highway
3. Minimal adverse impact on the local population and road users due to road construction
4. Minimal adverse impact on environment
5. Minimal additional acquisition of land
6. Phased development of the Project Highway for improving its financial viability
consistent with the need to minimise frequent inconvenience to traffic that may be
caused if additional works are undertaken within a period of seven years from the
commencement of construction of the Project Highway.

Scope of Consultancy Services

1. Traffic surveys and demand assessment
2. Engineering surveys and investigations
3. Location and layout of truck lay byes
4. Location and layout of bus bays and bus shelters
5. Preparation of designs for road, (Pavement/Geometric Design)
6. Preparation of designs for bridges for (Old and New, ‘x’ number of Major/Minor
bridges) and bridge components.
7. Preparation of Land Plan Schedules and Utility Relocation Plans
8. Preparation of BOQ and Cost Estimates
9. Final Detailed Project Report and final drawings.

Progress Achieved
The Project Consultants Team members have visited the Projects road, carried out extensive
inventory and visual condition survey of existing road alignment, road pavement, shoulder,
major junctions, minor junctions, accident prone locations and collected other existing
features and other relevant secondary data. The team members were also visited the Office of
the Superintending engineer, Office of the Executive Engineer, Bangalore and interacted with
concerned Section Officers and Assistant Executive Engineers. The Team Leader has also
visited the project site and discussed the salient features of project road with the concerned
Executive Engineer, Public works, ports and inland water transport department, Kolar. The
team has made site visits along the project corridor to gather primary information on land use,
traffic characteristics, soil characteristics, pavement as well as structure conditions,
intersections and status of land availability along the same. We believe that, this knowledge
regarding project site will definitely help us in providing sufficient inputs for the
formulations of an engineering and sequential approach and methodology for the proposed
study. This will further enable us to address the problem in a rational and logical manner.
The following progress has been achieved so far.
1. Road, Pavement and Shoulder Inventories and visual conditions survey - completed
2. Major Junctions, Minor Junctions and other intersections survey - completed
3. Identification of Traffic Survey locations - Completed
4. CD Structures inventories and visual condition survey - Completed
5. Topo Survey and Level Survey - Completed
6. Traffic Volume Count and TMC Survey - Completed
7. Axle Load Survey - Completed
8. Pavement Investigations - Trial Pits, recording of existing pavement layer crest
thicknesses, field Density, Field Moisture content, Soil Sampling - Completed
9. Program of Inventory, Visual Condition Survey, Investigations and Reports preparation /
Submission - Completed
10. Inception Report – Submitted
Table 1: Relevant IRC Codes / Specifications
Sl. No. Design Parameters Reference Code
Geometric Design Standards
Carriageway width
Shoulder
Footpath As per
1 Median IRC: 38-1988, IRC: 73-1980,
Camber IRC: 86-1983 & IRC:SP: 23-1983
Super elevation
Horizontal Alignment
Vertical Alignment
Road Furniture
Road Markings As per IRC:79-1981
2
Road Signs As per IRC:35-1997
Road Delineators As per IRC:67-2001
3 Pedestrian Facilities As per IRC:103-1988
4 Road Capacity As per IRC:64-1990
5 Traffic Forecast As per IRC:108-2015
6 Pavement Design As per IRC:37-2012

7 Overlay Design As per IRC:81-1997

8 Road Drainage As per IRC:SP:42-1994 & IRC:SP:50-1999

9 Culverts & Bridges As per relevant IRC codes and MORT&H
Capacity Standards
IRC: 64-1990 is the main reference for determining capacity standards for roads in India. The
following Table summarises the capacity standards and design service volumes for
various categories of roads in plain areas for the peak hour traffic of 6-8% and design References
service level corresponding to level of service-B (LoS B) IRC: 64-1990

IRC: 106- 1990

Locations:
 ISLAMPURA
Location Map

Satellite image of black spot location

Sl. No. Description Details

Name of work Road safety works on corridor of Highway connecting

1
Nelamangala with Chikkaballapura via Doddaballapur

2 District Bangalore Rural

3 Taluk Nelamangala
4 Black Spot Name Islampura Cross
Proposed Plan

1. The road/blackspot taken for improvement is a T junction.

2. Islampura road which is a Village Road connects a State Highway connecting
Nelamangala and Doddabalapur thus SH is given more importance.
3. New Pavement is laid up to SDBC.
4. The sharp curves at Islampura cross is given a Bell Mouth for turning at ease and
better visibility.
5. Road Humps are provided to slow down the vehicles and to avoid Right Angled
Collision.
6. The Speed Breaker Sign is given before the humps to warn the drivers of the presence of the
speed breaker. This sign is placed 50-60m in advance of the speed breaker location.
7. Since this is a T- Junction on all three roads a T Sign Board as pre IRC 67 is put up to
warn the drivers of the T- Junction ahead.
8. Speed Limit sign is placed at 25m from the intersection. The size of sign is 600mm.
Consecutive signs on alternate sides of carriageway is 250m for 50kmph.
9. The Stop sign is placed on the left side of the approach to which is applied. Stop signs should
be sited as close to the stop line as possible but not in such a position as to impair visibility
along the major road.
10. The required road makings are done on the road.
 Before Improvement

After Improvement
 Mylanahalli gate -1

Location Map

Satellite image of black spot location

Sl. No. Description Details

Name of work Road safety works on corridor of Highway connecting

1
Nelamangala with Chikkaballapura via Doddaballapura.

2 District Bangalore Rural

3 Taluk Nelamangala
4 Black Spot Name Mylanahalli Gate-1
 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT

1. The black spot is a T- Junction.

2. Mylanahalli Gate-1 is a T-junction provided to an entry Mylanahalli situated at
Nelamangala-Doddaballapura Road.
3. A non-overtaking and a speed limit sign is provided 25m before the junction
and the size of the sign is 600mm.
4. A ‘T-junction ahead’ sign board is provided as per IRC-67.
5. For easier turning and better visibility, the sharp curves in the junction are made
Bell Mouth.
6. Road Humps are provided before the junction on all the 3 ways to slow down
the vehicles and to avoid Right Angled Collision.
7. A ‘Road-hump ahead’ sign is used to warn the drivers of the presence of the
Road Hump. This sign is placed 50-60m in advance of the road hump location.
8. A ‘Stop’ sign is placed on the left side of the approach. Stop signs should be
sited as close to the stop line as possible but not in such a position as to impair
visibility along the major road.
9. A Bus Stop is provided and even the speed of the buses are reduced due to the
road-humps and sign boards.
10. Zebra-Crossings are provided for the pedestrians to cross the road safely.
11. Certain reflectors are provided for better night visibility of the kerbs and road-
endings.
12. Bright street lights are provided at the junction for better night visibility.
13. The required road markings are done on the road.
BEFORE IMPROVEMENT

AFTER IMPROVEMENT
 Mylanahalli gate -2

Location map :

Satellite image of black spot location

PROJECT DETAILS:

Sl No. Description Details

1 Name of work Road safety works on corridor of Highway
connecting Nelamangala with Chikkaballapura
via Doddaballapura.
2 District Bangalore Rural

3 Taluk Nelamangala

4 Black Spot Name Mylanahalli Gate 2

ACCIDENT DETAILS:

Sl. Name of the black spot Year Total No. of

No. Identified Accidents

Fatal Non
Fatal

1 Mylanahalli road 2012 2 6

2013 1 5

2014 0 5

2015 0 3

2016 1 4

Total 4 23
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT

Measures taken to overcome black spot:

7. The black spot is a T- Junction.

8. Mylanahalli Gate-2 is a T-junction provided to an entry Mylanahalli situated at
Nelamangala-Doddaballapura Road.
9. A non-overtaking and a speed limit sign is provided 25m before the junction and the
size of the sign is 600mm.
10. A speed limit of 50 km was provided near the approchment of the junction.
11. A ‘T-junction ahead’ sign board is provided as per IRC-67.
12. For easier turning and better visibility, the sharp curves in the junction are made Bell
Mouth.
13. Road Humps are provided before the junction on all the 3 ways to slow down the
vehicles and to avoid Right Angled Collision.
14. A ‘Road-hump ahead’ sign is used to warn the drivers of the presence of the Road
Hump. This sign is placed 50-60m in advance of the road hump location.
15. A ‘Stop’ sign is placed on the left side of the approach. Stop signs should be sited as
close to the stop line as possible but not in such a position as to impair visibility along
the major road.
16. A Bus Stop is provided and even the speed of the buses are reduced due to the road-
humps and sign boards.
17. Zebra-Crossings are provided for the pedestrians to cross the road safely.
18. Certain reflectors are provided for better night visibility of the kerbs and road- endings.
19. Bright street lights are provided at the junction for better night visibility.
20. The required road markings are done on the road
BEFORE IMPROVEMENT

AFTER IMPROVEMENT
 ARJUNABETTAHALLI
Map Location

Satellite image of black spot location

Road connection:
Sl.no Description Details
1. Road State highway connecting Nelamangala with
connections Chikkaballapura via Doddaballapura
2. District Bengaluru Rural
3. Taluk Nelamangala
4. Black spot Arjunabettahalli Road
 Accident details:
Sl. Name of the Year Total No. of
No. black spot Accidents
Identified
Fatal Non
Fatal

1 Arjunabettahalli 2012 2 6
Road
2013 1 5

2014 0 5

2015 0 3

2016 1 4

Total 4 23
Proposed improvements:

Fig.2 Safety measures proposed to overcome black spot

Measures taken to overcome black spot:

1. Installation of sign boards: As per IRC 067: “Code of Practice for Road signs”.
2. Road markings applications: As per IRC-35-1997: “Code of Practice for Road
Markings”.
3. Installation of speed breakers: As per IRC-99-1988: “Tentative Guidelines on the
Provision of Speed Breakers for Control of Vehicular Speeds”.
4. Providing proper visibility to the drivers: Adequate sight distance should be
provided, improved braking sight distance at the curves.
5. Adopting Bell mouth method at the intersections: Widening the roads and
providing soft curves in order to give proper visibilities at the intersection.
6. Proper Fencing: Fencing should be provided to the edges of the village roads
connecting to the MDR.
7. Geometry of Roads: As per IRC 086 and IRC 073: “Geometric design standards for
Urban and Rural roads in Plains”.
Before improvement

After improvement
 Byrishettarahalli
Location Map

Sl. No. Description Details

Name of work Road safety works on corridor of Highway connecting

1
Nelamangala with Chikkaballapura via Doddaballapur

2 District Bangalore Rural

3 Taluk Nelamangala
4 Black Spot Name Byrishettarahalli Road
Proposed Improvement

1. The black spot is a T- Junction.

2. Doddaballpura road is a State Highway whereas Byrishettarahalli road is a Major
District Road so Doddaballpura Road is given more importance.
3. The sharp curves of Byrishettarahalli Road is made Bell Mouth for easier turning
and better visibility.
4. Road Humps are provided in the Byrishettarahalli Road to slow down the vehicles
and to avoid Right Angled Collision.
5. The Speed Breaker Sign is used to warn the drivers of the presence of the speed breaker.
This sign is placed 50-60m in advance of the speed breaker location.
6. Since this is a T- Junction on all three roads a T Sign Board as pre IRC 67 is put up
to warn the drivers of the T- Junction ahead.
7. Speed Limit sign is placed at 25m from the intersection. The size of sign is 600mm.
Consecutive signs on alternate sides of carriageway is 250m for 50kmph.
8. The Stop sign is placed on the left side of the approach to which is applied. Stop signs
should be sited as close to the stop line as possible but not in such a position as to impair
visibility along the major road.
9. The required road makings are done on the road.
Before Improvement

After Improvement