SOCIAL MEDIA AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

AMONG STUDENTS IN DAVAO ORIENTAL REGIONAL SCIENCE

HIGH SCHOOL

A Research Paper Presented to Davao Oriental

Regional Science High School In Partial Fulfillment
for the Subject Research VIII

Clarenz Jade M. Monserate

Reogie Akero Mabawad
Researcher

Honey Mae Escala

Research Adviser

January, 2019
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Social media had a tremendous impact on our culture, inbusiness, on the

world-at-large. Social media websites were some of the most popular haunts on

the internet. They have revolutionized the way people communicate and socialize

on the web (Ta, 2014).

In Korea, indicated that the communication strategy of the local health

Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) was changing in response to the

increased effectiveness and impact of social media. Using social media like

twitter can quickly and effectively construct an issue-based advocacy group.

Consequently, more legitimacy and representativeness through collected support

from the general public have further empowered (Shim, 2014).

In USA, the report attributes frequent online access, in part to fact that 73

percent of U.S. teens surveyed, ages 13-17, “have or have access to” a

Smartphone. The numbers associated with social media use follow the same

trend. Just over three quarters of the teens surveyed said they “use social media”.

Of the seven platforms teens were asked about in the survey, girls were overall

more likely than boys to use the sites (Granet, 2016).

 In Canada, John Lyons, director of CHEO’s mental health research group,

has applied to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for a grant to conduct

his own study into the topic. However, Lyon’s study will be laser focused. With so

much anecdotal evidence about the effects of cyberbullying and online taunts, he

wants to know what role social media plays in the persons decision to end their

life, and if there was a way to leverage social technologies to reach out to people

considering suicide (Bleier,2012).

In the Philippines, people all over the world have been enjoying the

benefits of using technology nowadays. In the past, communicating and free

sharing of thought between people are restricted by long distance, race, and even

religion. But now this barriers can no longer stop the flow of information and

knowledge because the new world of social networking allows free sharing of

through online social networking sites such as Facebook,Instagram, Twitter, and

the like (Astodello, 2016).

In the Davao Oriental, Since students are highly motivated to using social

media sites the majority of them use these to satisfy their social needs more than

their academic needs. They have the freedom to do whatever they want – they

can upload or download data, they can make new friends and comment on other

people’s lives, and they can even create other online identities the real world

does not allow. It has been observed too that the majority of the students

nowadays, particularly those in the secondary level, spend most of their time

chatting with their acquaintances, playing online games, and watching videos

instead of reading their lessons, making their assignments, and other academic

requirements. The main reason is when they work or search their materials
online they get attracted to social networking sites to kill boredom during study

time, diverting their attention from their work. The darker side of this that has

gained the attention of many parents is that some students are getting lazier and

are no longer interested in going to school. This is probably due to being

extensively indulged to get global access and therefore leading them to perform

less academically.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the significant influence of Social Media and

Academic Performance among the students in Davao Oriental Regional Science

High School specifically it seeks to attain the following objectives:

1. To describe the level of social media when analyzed according to:

1.1 Facebook

1.2 Twitter

1.3 Student

2. To describe the level of Academic Performance

3. Is there significant relationship between Social Media and Academic

Performance among the students in Davao Oriental Regional Science
High School?

4. Is there significant influence between Social Media and Academic

Performance among the students in Davao Oriental Regional Science
High School?
Research Objectives

This study aims to determine the significant influence of Social Media and

Academic Performance among the students in Davao Oriental Regional Science

High School specifically it seeks to attain the following objectives:

1. To describe the level of social media when analyzed according to:

1.1 Facebook

1.2 Twitter

1.3 Student

2. To describe the level of Academic Performance

3. To determine the significant relationship between Social Media and

Academic Performance among the students in Davao Oriental Regional
Science High School.

4. To determine the significant influence between Social Media and

Academic Performance among the students in Davao Oriental Regional
Science High School.

Hypothesis

The null hypotheses that will be tested at 0.05 significance are the

following:
 Ho1: There is no significant relationship between the social Media

and Academic Performance among the students of Davao Oriental Regional

Science High School.

Ho2: The Social Media does not significally influence the Academic

Performance among students in Davao Oriental Regional Science High School.

(There is no domain of the Social Media that the best predicts the Academic

Performance among students in Davao Oriental Regional Science High School.)

Significance of the Study

This study is significant in determining the relationship between the

social media and academic performance among the student in DORSHS. The

acquired information of the study could also benefits the school administrator,

subject teacher, parents, students, and also the researcher. They would catch on

having an social media that could affect the academic performance of the

students. School Administrator The result of the study may help the school

administrators to think of more ways to provide quality service delivery by

providing strategic programs on molding the abilities of students. This would

also help them to realize if the school organizations are effective or not. Subject

Teacher The result of the study may help the every subject teacher initiate more

motivations to develop the skills, abilities, and academic performance of the

student. It may possibly help them to by encouraging the student to use their

social media in good way and in free time, and also used it by scattered the lesson

what will be learned from. Parents The findings of the study would give insights
and information to put some advices to their children who were schooling.

Students The outcomes of this study may help the students on how to manage

their time to use their social media. Researchers The findings of this study will

give more information to the researcher about the relationship between the

social media and academic performance and how to balance the using of social

media and studies.

Scopes and Delimitation

This study focuses only in the grade 8 students of Davao Oriental Regional

Science High School. This involves a survey for those who are currently enrolled

as grade 8 students of Davao Oriental Regional Science High School. The selection

of respondents is only limited since there are lots of students in Davao Oriental

Regional Science High School. This research is designed to have a thorough

knowledge of youths having Social Media and the impact on Academic

Performance. And now for them solve their problems by being aware of the

program of Davao Oriental Regional Science High School.

Conceptual Framework
 Shown in Figure 1 are the variables of the study. The first variable is the

Social Media, defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary as forms of electronic

communication (such as websites for social networking and microblogging)

through which users create online communities to share information, ideas,

personal messages, and other content (such as videos). The aforesaid variable

has the following indicators: Facebook, Twitter and Student. Facebook was

defined as an online social networking website where people can create profiles,

share information such as photos and quotes about themselves, and respond or

link to the information posted by others. Twitter is a free social networking

micro blogging service that allows registered members to broadcast shorts posts

called tweets. But unlike that disappear when user closes the application tweets

are also posted on the Twitter website. They are permanent, they are searchable

and they are public. Student is a learner, or someone who attends an educational

institution. In its widest use, student is used for anyone who is learning,

including mid-career adults who are taking vocational education or returning to

university.

Moreover, the dependent variable of this study was Academic

Performance. Such variable was operationally defined by Merriam-Webster

Dictionary refers to the level of schooling you have successfully completed and

the ability to attain success in your studies. When you receive great grades, this is

an example of academic achievement. When you attend college and graduate

school, this is an example of academic achievement. The aforesaid variable has

three indicators; the following indicators are Facebook, Twitter and Student.

Facebook was defined as an online social networking website where people can
create profiles, share information such as photos and quotes about themselves,

and respond or link to the information posted by others. Twitter is a free social

networking micro blogging service that allows registered members to broadcast

shorts posts called tweets. But unlike that disappear when user closes the

application tweets are also posted on the Twitter website. They are permanent,

they are searchable and they are public. Student is a learner, or someone who

attends an educational institution. In its widest use, student is used for anyone

who is learning, including mid-career adults who are taking vocational education

or returning to university.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Social Media Academic Performance

 Facebook  Facebook
 Twitter  Twitter
 Student  Student

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

Definition of Terms
 The following terms used in this study were defined conceptually and

operationally for clarity and common frame of reference. Social Media are

computer meditated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of

information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual

communities and networks? The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media

services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there

are some common features. Academic Performance is the extent to which a

student, teacher or institution has achieved their short or long-term education

goals. Cumulative GPA and completion of educational benchmarks such as

secondary diplomas and bachelor’s degrees represents academic achievement.

Facebook is defined as an online social networking website where people can

create profiles, share information such as photos and quotes about themselves,

and respond or link to the information posted by others. Twitter is a free social

networking micro blogging service that allows registered members to broadcast

shorts posts called tweets. But unlike that disappear when user closes the

application tweets are also posted on the Twitter website. They are permanent,

they are searchable and they are public.

Review of Related Literature

 Social Media

As we are living in an era of digitization and information technology is

progressively growing, we are using websites like Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter,

Instagram, Snapchat, ect. Social media is a phrase that we throw around a lot

these days, often to describe what we post on sites and apps like Facebook,

Twitter etc. (Suhasini, 2017). The comparison to other media, social media’s

influence in political campaigns has increased tremendously. Social networks

play an increasingly important role in electoral politics – first in the ultimately

unsuccessful candidacy of Howard Dean in 2003, and then in the election of the

first African-American President in 2008 (Gaitho, 2018).

Social media has revolutionized the way we view ourselves, the way we

see others and the way we interact with the world around us (Shellabarger,

2016).Moreover the social media (SM) or new media (NM) in our education

institution and society today are undoubtedly overwhelming. Students in the

developed and developing countries are becoming more addicted to social media

and its applications for various reason (Chukwuere, 2017). There are many

factors that influence political impressions in social media, including the type of

comment, the age of the commenter and the age of the candidates. The study

could point the way towards more sophisticated uses of social media for political

parties (Weaver, 2014)

Another positive impact of social networking sites was to unite people on

a huge platform for the achievement of some specific objective. This was very

important to bring the positive change is society. As a society, social media

impacts our daily lives in ways that we could have never imagined five years ago.

81 percent of divorces lawyers have confirm an increase in cases using social

media networking evidence in the last 5 years. Social networking sites like

Facebook, YouTube and Twitter are fast becoming a constant source of

alternative news for internet users, and also becoming a channel in which users

can direct the focus nation news media (Clark, 2006).

Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents more often than most

adults realize. Most risks fall into the following categories: peer-to-peer;

inappropriate content; lack of understanding of online privacy issues; and

outside influences of third-party advertising groups (Schurgin, et al, 2011). In

today’s worlds of connected learning, the impact of social media on education is

becoming a driving factor. The world is getting smaller, and through the use of

technology such as social media, the way we deliver including is changing

(Hopkins, 2017).

Social media has revolutionized the way we view ourselves, the way we

see others and the way we interact with the world around us. While social media

has many positive implications, including promoting awareness of specific

causes, advertising businesses and helping foster friendships between

individuals who may have never met without social networking, the over-usage

of social media networks can also lead to negative implications (Shellabarger,

2016). Many mental health professionals are deeply concerned about the impact

that social media has on mental health.Some believe that the constant distraction

of social media contributes to shortened attention spans. Inaddition, many

people who regularly use platforms like facebook twitter report high levels of

stress (Petersen, 2018).

Academic Performance

Student’s academic gain and learning performance is affected by

numerous factor includinggender, age, teaching faculty, students schooling, and

father/guardian social economic status. Residential area of students, medium of

instructions in schools.Tuitiontrend,daily study hour and accommodation as

hostelries or day scholar (Ali,et al,2013).Academic performance has been

described as the scholastic standing of the student at the given moment.Thing

scholastic standing could be explained in terms of the grades obtained in a

course or groups of courses (Daniels and Schoulen, 2000).

This argumentand reported that performance was the level of attainment

of a person in an examination,that is how an individual is able to demonstrate his

or her abilities in an examination (Stan,2000).Regarded astudents performance

in an examination as being depended on his cumulative grade point average (Al-

Shorayye,2000).His argument supported assertion that a students success was

generally judged by examination performance while the best criterion of

performance is the sum of the students academic performance in all the subjects

taken (Entwistle and Wilson’s,1977).Researchers had deliberated much on

performance as a measure of school output (Bandele,2001).The pattern of

grading students in the Senior Secondary Certificate (SSC) examinations in

Nigeria such that the distinction grade was being represented by A1 and B3.The

credit grade is represented by C4 to C6.The ordinary pass grade was represented

by D7 and E8 while the failure grade was represented by f9 (Waec,2006).It needs

to be mentioned however, that the distinction and credit grades are the only

requisite grades for admissions into Nigerian Universities and Candidates must

have at least credits in five subjects including English Language in order to

qualify for admission (Jamb,2007).

Language was a vehicle for communication in all knows human societies.

In multilingual societies like Nigeria, it serves as a means of social interaction and

nation cohesion. This explains why English language, as a vehicle of

communication, has been adopted as a lingua franca in Nigeria (Ugot, 1999).

Among these reasons include having to repeat classes, lack of adequate

knowledge in their various subjects, inadequacy of professionally qualified

teachers in schools and insufficient facilities. These reason might perhaps have

led to the remark hat Calabar Municipality recorded an unprecedented failure in

core subjects in the year 2000 senior secondary certificate examinations in the

annals of the state (Odesola, 2001 ; Adelugba, 2003; Asaolu, 2003). Although

education was not the only road to success in the working world, much effort is

made to identify, evaluate, track and encourage the progress of students in school

(Bell, 2018). Observed that the measurement of students previous educational

outcomes are the most important indicators of students future achievement, this

refers that as the higher previous appearance, better the student’s academic

performance in future endeavors (Haider, 2013).

 Relationship between the Social Media on

Academic Performance

Using social media to enhance the learning process can take a number of

forms, target various skills, and utilize different tools. University educators

propose that social media can have a positive influence on interaction,

engagement, knowledge building, and sense of community (Rovai, 2001).

However there is also research that shows that these same tools can

distract learners from their studies, and encourage procrastination and

superficial thinking. The following section will present some of the studies that

addressed the relationship between social media and academic performance and

learning. This review presents a snapshot mainly on studies dealing with the

most popular social networking tools such as Facebook, rather than a

comprehensive review of all forms of social media. Studies generally imply that

social media is mainly used by college students to socialize rather than for

academic pursuits.

Similarly, Michikyan, Subrahmanyam, and Dennis (2015) used a mixed-

method approach to investigate the relationship between online academic

disclosure (namely status updates about their academic experiences) and

academic performance for 261 students with an average age of 22 years.

Thematic analysis of their posts indicated that 18 14% of their contributions to

Facebook were academic in nature. On the other hand, the majority of students in

Camilia, Sajoh, and Dalhtu (2013) used social media for academic purposes.

Several studies suggest that the time spent on social media takes away

from the time available for studying. Alwagait, Shahzad, and Alim (2015)

investigated to role of social media on academic performance of 108 Saudi

students. Survey data revealed that Twitter was the most popular social network

followed by Facebook. The average number of hours spent by students on social

media was 25.3 hours. Sixty percent of the respondents acknowledged that

excessive use of social media negatively impacted their performance, and

indicated that 10 hours per week of use would ensure that their academic

performance is not negatively impacted.

Similarly Krischner and Karpinski (2010) noted that some students do not

have control on their social media while engaged in academic activities, and that

they spend more time on these networks than they do studying or sleeping. They

point out that empirical research suggests the negative impact of multitasking, or

attempting to simultaneously process different sources of information, on

performance. They underscore that this leads to increased study time and an

increased number of mistakes on assignments.

Junco (2013) examines the relationship between Facebook activity, time

taken for class preparation and overall GPA for 1839 students. Hierarchical linear

regression analyses indicated that time spent on Facebook was significantly

negatively correlated with overall GPA, but only weakly related to time spent on

class preparation. Moreover, using Facebook to search for information was a

positive predictor of GPA while time spent on socializing was a negative

predictor.

Some studies delve deeper into the phenomenon of spending too much

time on social media and almost portray it as a coping mechanism. Student in

Krischner and Karpinski (2010) for example, did not believe that it impacted

their academic performance negatively. Those who did report a negative

influence explained social media as a strategy for guiltless procrastination. The

path analysis conducted by (Michikyan, Subrahmanyam, & Dennis, 2015),

mentioned earlier, for example, determined that academic performance was a

predictor of Facebook use rather than the opposite. Students with low GPA are

more active on Facebook than students with high GPA; one of the 19 reasons of

this is the fact that students, who are facing academic or social problems turn to

Facebook as a way of distraction from the difficulties that they are facing.

Similarly, Fogel, and Nutter-Upham (2011)’s study about the self-reported

executive functioning associated with academic procrastination by distributing a

thirty minutes questionnaire on 212 university students, showed that there is a

relationship between social media use, procrastination and poor academic

performance, between 30 to 60 percent of college students stated that they use

social media to procrastinate on their academic duties and socialize or surf the

internet. Very few studies have investigated variables that might impact how,

when, and to what extent students used social media.

 Krischner and Karpinski (2010) conducted an exploratory survey study to

examine if and how 102 undergraduate and 117 graduate students in public US

University used Facebook, and how this usage related to hours of studying and

GPA. The survey they used also elicited information about students’ own

perceptions on Facebook use. Facebook users reported lower GPA and fewer

hours studying. Users and nonusers did not however differ in terms of the

amount of time they spent on the Internet, but their studying strategies differed.

These results held regardless of student status (whether they were an

undergraduate or graduate) or their major (humanities, social sciences, medical,

STEM or business). The study also suggested that personality and hours spent

working are related to Facebook use.

Boogart (2016) conducted a study in four universities to investigate the

impact of Facebook on campus life at four higher education institutions,

analyzing the responses of 3134 students. He found significant relationships

between time spent on Facebook, and several demographic variables. Females

spent significantly more time on Facebook.