Final Report
October 2018
7R
JR(先)
18-033
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Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table of Contents
2.2 Present Status of Supply & Demand / Forecast Demand ................................................. 2-8
2.2.1 Present Status of Electric Power Demand in Iran ...................................................... 2-8
2.2.2 Status of Electrical Power Demand in the Regional Electric Companies ............... 2-10
2.2.3 Forecast of Electrical Power Demand in Iran .......................................................... 2-11
2.2.4 Forecast of Electrical Power Demand at Regional Electric Company TREC ......... 2-12
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4.3 The Existing Fuel Facilities of Shahid Rajaee Power Station ........................................ 4-10
4.3.1 Gas Facilities ........................................................................................................... 4-10
4.3.2 Gas Oil Facilities ..................................................................................................... 4-12
4.3.3 Status of Fuel Use in Shahid Rajaee Power Station ................................................ 4-13
Chapter 5 Power System Analysis and Grid Connection Plan ......................... 5-1
5.1 Basic concept and calculation conditions of power system analysis ................................ 5-1
5.1.1 Objectives .................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.2 Power Flow Analysis ................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.3 Fault Current Analysis ............................................................................................... 5-1
5.1.4 Steady state stability/Transient stability Analysis...................................................... 5-1
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5.2 Result of Power system analysis on 2cct and π connection ............................................. 5-3
5.2.1 Case Scenario(2cct and π connection).................................................................. 5-5
5.2.2 Result of pre calculation(2cct and π connection) ................................................. 5-6
(2cct and π connection) ...... 5-14
5.2.3 Method of fault current reduction【Bus-splitting】
5.2.4 Result of Power Flow and Voltage after the Bus Splitting operation measures(2cct
and π connection) ........................................................................................................... 5-23
5.2.5 Result of Steady state/Transient stability calculation after the bus splitting operation
measures execution(2cct and π connection) ................................................................ 5-35
5.2.6 Result of power system frequency calculation after generator unit outage ............. 5-54
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6.3 Laws and Regulations Related to Environmental Impact Assessment ........................... 6-16
6.3.1 Environment-Related Legal System ........................................................................ 6-16
6.3.2 International Treaties ............................................................................................... 6-16
6.3.3 Legal System and Procedures for Environmental Impact Assessment .................... 6-17
6.3.4 Gap between JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations and
Iran’s Environment-related Legal System ........................................................................ 6-19
6.3.5 Standards Relevant to the Project ............................................................................ 6-23
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6.11 Confirmation on the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (LARAP) ...... 6-150
6.12 Considerations on the Schedule for Obtaining the Environmental ............................ 6-150
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Tables
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Table 2-26 Offtake Tariffs for Electric Power Generated by RE Power Plants .... 2-46
Table 2-27 Tariff1 Residential Uses ....................................................................... 2-47
Table 2-28 Tariff2 Public Uses ................................................................................ 2-48
Table 2-29 Tariff3 Production Uses (Water and Energy) ...................................... 2-48
Table 2-30 Tariff4 Production Uses (Industry and Mine)...................................... 2-49
Table 2-31 Tariff5 Other Uses ................................................................................ 2-50
Table 2-32 Average Electrical Power Sales Price (IRR/kWh) ................................ 2-50
Table 2-33 Cost of sales, Subsidies, Sales Tariffs .................................................. 2-52
Table 2-34 Fossil-fuel subsidies in IRAN (as reference) ........................................ 2-53
Table 2-35 Indicators for year 2016(as reference) ................................................ 2-53
Table 3-1 Coordinates of the bore holes ................................................................... 3-3
Table 3-2 Maximum and Minimum Density ............................................................ 3-4
Table 3-3 Results of Mechanical Tests ..................................................................... 3-4
Table 3-4 Results of Chemical Component Analysis ............................................... 3-4
Table 3-5 Typical Grain Size Distribution ............................................................... 3-9
Table 3-6 Typical Geological Parameters ................................................................. 3-9
Table 3-7 Coordinates of the bench marks ............................................................. 3-11
Table 4-1 IGATs: Outline of Iran Gas Trunklines.................................................... 4-8
Table 4-2 Gas Condition in the Existing Gas Facilities ........................................ 4-11
Table 4-3 The Annual Usage of Gas Oil from 2012 to 2016 (the Existing GTCC) 4-13
Table 5-1 Case Scenario of Calculation .................................................................... 5-5
Table 5-2 Three-phase short circuit current(Pre and post new generator
interconnection) ................................................................................................. 5-6
Table 5-3 Three-phase short circuit current (Pre and post new generator
interconnection) ................................................................................................. 5-7
Table 5-4 Single-phase short-circuit current (pre and post new generator
interconnection) ............................................................................................... 5-10
Table 5-5 Single-phase short-circuit current (pre and post new generator
interconnection) ............................................................................................... 5-11
Table 5-6 Three-phase short circuit current (after the bus splitting operation
measures execution)......................................................................................... 5-15
Table 5-7 Three-phase short circuit current (after the bus splitting operation
measures execution)......................................................................................... 5-16
Table 5-8 Single-phase short-circuit current(after the bus splitting operation
measures execution)......................................................................................... 5-19
Table 5-9 Single-phase short-circuit current(after the bus splitting operation
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Table 5-26 Power flow of new power plant connection to 400kV 2π connection
(Shahid Rajaee(S)~Vardavard, Shahid Rajaee(CC)~Baghestan) after bus
Splitting operation (Light Load) ..................................................................... 5-69
Table 5-27 Accident Case ........................................................................................ 5-71
Table 5-28 Three short circuit current and Single-phase short-circuit current
【kA】 .............................................................................................................. 5-88
Table 5-29 Combination plans of a power plant and a switching station ............. 5-90
Table 5-30 Plans for comparison ............................................................................ 5-95
Table 5-31 Techno-economical comparison ............................................................ 5-97
Table 6-1 Monitoring Result of the Exhaust Gas from the Existing Steam Power
Plant ................................................................................................................... 6-7
Table 6-2 Monitoring Result of the Exhaust Gas from the Existing Combined Cycle
Power Plant ........................................................................................................ 6-9
Table 6-3 Monitoring Result of Waste Water from the Existing Power Plant ..... 6-11
Table 6-4 Result of Water Quality of Effluent........................................................ 6-11
Table 6-5 Result of the Air Quality Monitoring (µg/m3) ................................... 6-13
Table 6-6 Result of the Noise Monitoring (dBA) .................................................... 6-14
Table 6-7 Overview of the waste treatment system in the existing power plant . 6-15
Table 6-8 Comparison of Key Environmental and Social Consideration Items
provided respectively in the JICA Guidelines and Iran’s EIA-related Legal
System .............................................................................................................. 6-20
Table 6-9 Ambient Air Quality Standards of Iran and International Organization
.......................................................................................................................... 6-24
Table 6-10 Gas Emission Standards of Iran and of International Organization . 6-25
Table 6-11 Wastewater Quality Standards of Iran and of International Organization
.......................................................................................................................... 6-26
Table 6-12 Noise Emission Standards of Iran and of International Organization
.......................................................................................................................... 6-27
Table 6-13 Vibration Standard Value of Japan ...................................................... 6-27
Table 6-14 Comparison of Case in which Implemented and Not implemented ... 6-29
Table 6-15 Characteristics of Plan A and Plan B ................................................... 6-30
Table 6-16 Examination of Fuels ............................................................................ 6-32
Table 6-17 Features of Different Cooling Systems ................................................ 6-33
Table 6-18 Scoping Result ....................................................................................... 6-34
Table 6-19 Survey Items, Methods, Predicted Impact and Assessment Policy .... 6-38
Table 6-20 Outline of the Wells for Ground Water Exploitation for the Existing
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........................................................................................................................ 6-148
Table 6-50 Main questions, opinions and answers at the second stakeholder
meeting ........................................................................................................... 6-149
Table 6-51 Grid CO2 Emission Factors in Iran .................................................... 6-153
Table 6-52 Calculation of CO2 emission coefficients for Shahid Rajaee Project . 6-153
Table 6-53 Production and CO2 Emission by Shahid Rajaee GTCC ................... 6-154
Table 6-54 Environmental Checklist (Power plant) ............................................ 6-156
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Figures
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Fig 5-20 1-1 The outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit (Peak Load) ........ 5-36
Fig 5-21 1-1 The outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit(Light Load) ........ 5-36
Fig 5-22 1-2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing steam generator unit(Peak Load)
.......................................................................................................................... 5-37
Fig 5-23 1-2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing steam generator unit(Light Load)
.......................................................................................................................... 5-37
Fig 5-24 1-3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing combined generator unit(Peak
Load) ................................................................................................................. 5-38
Fig 5-25 1-3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing combined generator unit(Light
Load) ................................................................................................................. 5-38
Fig 5-26 1-4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power
plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Peak Load) ............................................................................. 5-39
Fig 5-27 1-4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power
plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Light Load) ............................................................................ 5-39
Fig 5-28 1-5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Vardavard
transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100miliseconds
(Peak Load) .................................................................................................. 5-40
Fig 5-29 1-5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Vardavard
transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Light Load) ............................................................................ 5-40
Fig 5-30 1-6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar
transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100miliseconds
(Peak Load) .................................................................................................. 5-41
Fig 5-31 1-6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar
transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100miliseconds
(LightLoad) ....................................................................................................... 5-41
Fig 5-32 1-7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran
transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100miliseconds
(Peak Load) .................................................................................................. 5-42
Fig 5-33 1-7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran
transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100miliseconds
(Light Load) ................................................................................................. 5-42
Fig 5-34 1-8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan
transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100miliseconds
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Abbreviations
Abb. Description
AC Alternating Current
CB Circuit Breaker
CC Combined Cycle
DC Direct Current
DO Dissolved Oxygen
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Abb. Description
FS Feasibility Study
GEN Generator
GT Gas Turbine
HP High Pressure
I/O Input/Output
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Abb. Description
IP Intermediate Pressure
LC Letter of Credit
LP Low Pressure
MT Main Transformer
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Abb. Description
P/Q Pre-Qualification
PM Particulate Matters
PT Potential Transformer
RH Reheater
SH Super-heater
SMS Siemens
SS Suspended Solid
ST Steam Turbine
TAVANI
UN United Nations
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Abb. Description
WB World Bank
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Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background to Survey
Under the country’s Fifth Five-Year National Development Plan (2011-2015), increase of power
generation efficiency was selected as one of the objectives in the energy sector and it is taken up
the same objective as one of major issues to tackle under the Sixth Five-Year Plan (2017-2021) .
Furthermore, in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to COP21 (the 21st session of
the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change),
the Iranian Government expressed its strong political will to target at reducing the country’s
greenhouse gas emission by 4% by 2030 relative to what would happen in absence of any
measures. As one measure to achieve this target, the Iranian Government is considering to
introduce combined cycle power generation. Based on such circumstances, with respect to the
country’s development of new power sources, the Iranian Ministry of Energy (MOE) and other
concerned parties expressed their intention to replace conventional steam power plants and
promote introduction of gas combined cycle power plants that are highly efficient in power
generation and impose less burden on the environment.
This Study will be implemented for the purpose of gathering data necessary to evaluate whether
Japan should grant cooperation in the form of a Japanese ODA loan project as requested by
Government of I.R.Iran.
According to the preliminary consultation made with the Iranian side, it is expected that the
project components listed below should be examined as a scope of targets of this Study.
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When at any related facilities, new construction, improvement, etc. become necessary in
association with the addition of GTCC to be made, such facilities will be identified in this Study
by making consultation with TPPH(Thermal Power Plants Holding Company) and JICA. In
addition, examination will be made on an appropriate targeted scope for the Japanese ODA loan
project by looking at the entire scope of the Project.
1.2.2 Scope of the Study
This Project concerns the construction of a highly efficient gas turbine combined cycle power
plant (GTCC) within the premises of the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant located in Qazvin Province
of Iran.
In order to meet Iran’s further activating economic activities and increasing power demand in
association with the removal and relief of economic sanctions on the country made by the
International community (2016) , GTCC will be constructed in a relatively short period of time.
In addition, in order to contribute to improvement in power generation efficiency, which is one
of the major issues Iran determined to tackle in its energy sector, the application of a new-type,
high-efficiency gas turbine will be examined. Also in order to contribute to the achievement of
the Iranian Government’s policy for COP21 (4% reduction of greenhouse gas emission),
examination will be made concerning the introduction of GTCC that gives less burden on the
environment.
In this Study, based on the preliminary consultation made with JICA and the Iranian side, it is
projected that GTCC of high efficiency (at a level of 1,600 degrees C) will be installed. During
the survey, by introducing stakeholders to technology that is owned by Japanese companies and
relevant to related facilities and by inviting stakeholders to facilities and factories located in
Japan for inspection, the Japanese companies’ technological advantages will be shown
objectively to gain understanding of the Iranian side. In addition, the requirements for
prequalification to make this Project an infrastructure project of a high quality will be reviewed
and organized before holding consultations with TPPH. Particularly, in relation with the
introduction of an advanced gas turbine system that has only a limited record of commercial
operation, the establishment of fit and proper P/Q requirements is an important issue in order to
ensure operational reliability of a gas turbine system by taking the advantages held by Japanese
companies into account.
An additional study and review will be conducted regarding the influence of the recent restriction
by the U.S.A. on re-export transactions involving Iran. A comparative study will also be conducted
on the approval processes of competitive bidding and implementation of negotiated agreements for
general construction projects in the electric power sector in Iran.
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The method of implementing the work is shown in Fig. 1-1 Work Flow. The main terms of
reference are as follows.
(1) Domestic preparation work and preparation, explanation, consultation and confirmation of
the Inception Report (TOR 1)
(2) Training in Japan (TOR 2)
(3) Background survey of Project (collection of basic information) (TOR 3-1)
(4) Power system survey (TOR 3-2)
(5) Verification of the current status of fuel supply and future perspective (TOR 3-3)
(6) Verification of and study on intake/discharge of service water for the target power plant
(TOR 3-4)
(7) Study and survey on natural condition (TOR 3-5)
(8) General design (TOR 3-6)
1) Selection of candidate sites
2) Layout conceptual plan within the premises
3) Specifications, composition and layout plan for the power plant including electrical
instrument/machinery systems
(9) Analysis of Issues Related to Past ODA-Loan Projects (TOR3-7)
(10) Survey of US re-export regulation(TOR3-8)
(11) Survey on procurement and construction method (TOR 4-1)
(12) Safety countermeasures of construction work (TOR 4-2)
(13) Preparation of plant construction schedule (TOR 4-3)
(14) Project implementation cost estimation (TOR 4-4)
(15) Cost reduction method survey (TOR 4-5)
(16) Proposal on the scope of yen loan project (TOR 4-6)
(17) Proposals on the implementation system and the operation/maintenance management
system (TOR 4-7)
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Scope of Work
Domestic Preparation work 1st Site survey 1st Home work 2nd Site survey 2nd Home work 3rd Site survey 3rd Home work 4th Site survey 4th Home work 5th Site survey
(March, 2017) (April, 2017) (2017.April~May) ( May, 2017) (2017. May~July) ( July, 2017) (2017.August~September) (November, 2017) (2017,December) (2017, December)
Presentaion of Inception report
TOR1: Preparation work, and
(Apr, 2017)
submission of Inception Report
TOR3‐1: Background survey of Project
TOR3‐2: Power System survey
Negotiation with
Iranian side TOR4: Proposal of Project
TO
Data and
Information Meeting with
collection, JICA , to confirm
and analysis progress
TOR5: Environmental and Social consideration
TOR5‐1: Peparaton of Environmental Impact acessment report
TOR5‐4: Confirmation of the climate change measures effect
TOR5‐2: Implementation of verification survey on involuntary
Environmental Advirory comittee Advisary committee
Stakeholder Review of
Meeting comments
Local sub‐contracting Local sub‐contracting
; Prerparation of TOR ; Prerparation of TOR
(2)
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Scope of Work
4th Home work 5th Site survey 5th Home work 6th Site Survey 6th Home work 7th Site Survey 7th Home work 8th Site Survey 8th Home work 9th Site Survey 9th Home work
(2017,December) (2017, December) (January, 2018) (Jan‐Feb., 2018) (2018.Feb.‐Apr.) (May, 2018) (June, 2018) (July, 2018.) (July‐September, 2018) (October, 2018) (October, 2018)
Data collection for Proposal
TOR4‐2 : Safety countermeasures of construction work
TOR4‐6 : Proposal on the scope of yen loan project
TOR4‐3: Preparation of Plant construction schedule
TOR4‐8: Preparation of Risk control sheet
TOR4‐4: Project inprementation cost estimation
TOR4‐7 : Proposal on the Imprementation system and
TOR4‐5: Cost reduction method survey operation/maintenance management system
Advirory Committee
Review of
Stakeholder Meeting Comments
Presentation and
Presentation and Presentation and Revised Draft Final Final Report
Draft Final Report discussion on Revised
Interim Report discussion on Interim discussion on Draft Report (October, 2018)
(JUne, 2018) Draft Final report
(April, 2018)
report Final report
Local sub‐contracting
; Prerparation of TOR
(2)
TOR6: Investigation of Project evaluation
TOR6‐1: Econimical & Financial evaluation
TOR6‐2: Proposal of Operation and Effective indicator
TOR6‐3: Confirmation of qualitative effect
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2017/3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2018/1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Site survey 1
Home work
Prerepatory Home 1st Home work
2nd Home work 3rd Home 4th Home work 5th Home work 5th6th
5th
Home
Home
work
work 7th Home work 8th Home work 9th Home work
work
work
▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
Report
Ic/R Int/R DF/R F/R
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JICA Headquater
Office
Counter part
Note :Dashed line part means
・TPPH
Iranian side.
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The electrical power sector system in Iran viewed from the point of view of electrical power
distribution and sales is as follows. The Ministry of Energy (MOE) has responsibility for the
electrical power sector as a whole, and the Deputy Minister for Electricity and Energy is
responsible for the electrical power sector. In 2015, the system of subsidiaries changed. Until
last year, TAVANIR was responsible for the whole system of electrical power generation,
transmission, and distribution, but in 2015, TPPH was established, and of the electrical power
generation sector, the thermal generation sector was transferred from TAVANIR. Private sector
power generation consists of IPP power stations developed by the private sector in BOO and
BOT schemes, and publicly owned power stations that have been delegated to the private sector.
Source: TPPH
Fig. 2-1 Diagram of the Iran Electrical Power Sector System
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Minister of Energy
Minister's Deputy of
Minister's Deputy
International Affairs &
- TAVANIR
Supporting Water & Central Committee of
- TPPH
Employment
- Other 8 Companies
Deputy of Legal
Deputy of Electricity & Deputy of Research & Water & ABFA Deputy of Planning &
Affairs, Support &
Energy Human Resources Deputy Economic Affairs
Parliament Affairs
Source: TPPH
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2.1.2 TPPH
a. Objectives of TPPH
TPPH has started its official activities on September 10 in 2015, TPPH is introduced as follows
on its website.
http://www.tpph.ir/en/SitePages/HomePage.aspx
The parent organization for establishment of TPPH was the Iran Power Development Company
(IPDC), the name IPDC was changed, and the relevant departments were transferred from
TAVANIR, etc., in order to strengthen its personnel and its role. IPDC itself was a subsidiary of
TAVANIR that was established in 1989, and with its restructuring into TPPH, it came under the
jurisdiction of the MOE.
With the independence of the thermal power generation field, the TAVANIR thermal power
generation subsidiary was also transferred to TPPH. As described later, privatization of
publically operating power plants is in progress, but at present publically operated power plants
remain. 15 generation management companies (owner companies) and 27 power generation
maintenance and repair companies have been transferred to TPPH. The roles are divided in the
thermal power plants: the generation management companies own, operate, and manage the
power plants, and the power generation maintenance and repair companies are responsible for
maintenance and repair, etc.
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TPPH
Generation Generation
management Co. Maintenance and
(Owner Co.) Repair Co.
Azerbayjan - 2 power plants
Bandar Abbas - 1 power plants
Khorasan - 3 power plants
Ramin - 1 power plants
Zahedan - 3 power plants
Shahrood - 1 power plants
Shahid Rajaee - 1 power plants
Shahid Mofateh - 2 power plants
Fars - 3 power plants
Loushan - 1 power plants
Yazd - 2 power plants
Sazand - 1 power plants
Tehran - 3 power plants
Salimi - 1 power plants
Isfahan - 2 power plants
Source: TPPH
Fig. 2-3 TPPH Organization Chart
2.1.3 TAVANIR
a. Objectives of TAVANIR
TAVANIR is a company responsible for power transmission, power distribution, and power
generation excluding thermal power generation. It is also a holding company, that is mainly
responsible for indirect work such as planning and policy, and the practical work seems to be
undertaken by each of its subsidiaries. Note that TAVANIR plays a role which is comparable to
the role of the Deputy Minister for Electricity and Energy, so it is a subsidiary of MOE, and can
be considered to be one department in MOE.
Originally TAVANIR was established in 1970 under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Water
and Electricity (name changed to the Ministry of Energy in 1975). Its initial objective was to
enhance the power generation capability and substation capability, and to develop the power
transmission and power distribution networks. According to their HP, the current objectives of
TAVANIR are “to faster the supervisory activities of the government in the field of operation
and development of the Electric Power Industry of the country within the scope of policies
issued by the Ministry of Energy, Leading the subsidiary companies of the Electric Power
Industries toward increasing their efficiency and productivity, and favorable utilization of the
Electric Power Industry’s facilities and should it necessitates get involve in certain execution
activities, and carrying out the responsibilities of supervision and preparation of programs in
behalf of the Ministry of Energy of Iran”.
As stated previously, TAVANIR is a state-owned company that manages the transmission and
distribution of electrical power within Iran. TAVANIR has 16 regional electric companies and
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39 distribution companies under its jurisdiction. In addition it is also responsible for overall
management of the Iran Grid Management Company (IGMC) and Iran Power Plant
Maintenance Co..
Electric companies and distribution companies are divided into each region, and each company
has a monopoly on transmission and distribution in that region. What changes the characteristics
of the regional distribution companies is the fact that, unlike the electric companies and their
subsidiaries which are subsidiaries of TAVANIR, the regional distribution companies are
privatized, with TAVANIR having a 40 – 50% ownership share. Therefore they are not
subsidiaries, but affiliated companies.
TAVANIR
Regional electricity
Regional distribution companies Other companies
companies
Azerbayjan Tabriz City Iran Grid Management
Bakhtar East Azerbaijan Co. (IGMC)
Fars West Azerbaijan Iran Power Plant
Gharb Ardebil Province Maintenance Co.
Gilan Markazi Province
Hormozgan Hamedan Province
Isfahan Lorestan Province
Kerman Shiraz city
Khoraasan Fars Province
Khuzistan Bushehr Province
Mazandaran Kermanshah Province
Semneh Kurdistan Province
Systan & Baluchistan Ilam Province
Tehran Gilan Province
Yazd Hormozgan Province
Zanjan Isfahan city
Isfahan Province
Chamahal & Bakhtieri
North Kerman Province
South Kerman Province
Mashad city
Khoraasan e Razavi Province
South Khoraasan Province
North Khoraasan Province
Ahwaz city
Khuzistan province
Kohgilooye & Buyer‐Ahmad
Mazandaran Province
West of Mazarandan Province
Golestan Province
Semnan Province
Systan & Baluchistan Province
Capital Tehran
Alborz Province
Tehran Province
Qom Province
Yazd Province
Zanjan Province
Ghazvin Province
Source: TPPH
Fig. 2-4 TAVANIR Organization Chart
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Operation of the transmission and substation equipment is carried out by 16 regional electric
companies, that are subsidiaries of TAVANIR.
The regional electric companies plan their own new and expanded facilities, repairs, etc., but in
the case of large-scale repairs or expansion projects, the approval of TAVANIR must be
obtained.
Tehran Regional Electric Company (TREC) is the largest of the regional electric companies, and
is the regional electric company that supplies the capital, Tehran, and surrounding two states.
Fig. 2-5 shows the supply area of TREC. The area is about 30,000 km², and 23% of the
population of Iran is living.
TREC supplies the capital Tehran for a long time, and about 1/3 of the 400 kV and 230 kV main
system substations are more than 30 years old, which requires replacement of transformer
equipment. Therefore, rehabilitation is required, and a renewal plan has been formulated.
Among TREC’s substations, in the case of primary system equipment that is more than 30 years
old, there are substations for which reliability is a problem during an accident because of
omission of breakers in some cases, and there are some substations where because of the
omission of a substation bus, during a transmission cable accident an excessive load is placed
on the equipment on the intact side (a system that continues transmitting electricity without being
disconnected during cable accidents).
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TREC understands the problem points and determined plans for modification have been
prepared, but due to funding problems, etc., at present they are operated as they are.
The current equipment is well-maintained, and the operators are very knowledgeable, but as
stated previously some substations are being operated that have a problem with reliability.
TREC owns, operates, and manages the transmission and distribution equipment. The number
of substation staff varies depending on the location, but the standard personnel are six operation
and management engineers, plus 14 including the plant manager, security staff, drivers, etc., for
a total of 20 persons. The operation and management engineers operate on a two person three
shift system (one cycle is a 24-hour period from 8:00 to 8:00).
Also, among the old substations, there are substations with a 63 kV control room separate from
the 400 kV and 230 kV control room. One operating and management engineer is stationed in
these control rooms (one person, three shifts), to operate and manage the 63 kV equipment.
When the operation and management engineers detect a problem with the equipment, they
contact the dispatching center, and the equipment repairs are carried out by a repair company
affiliated with TAVANIR.
Some of the 39 regional distribution companies, several are responsible for major cities. There
are three distribution companies in Tehran. The others are responsible for wide area (provinces).
The regional distribution companies were privatized in accordance with the 2007 Act on the
Independence of Regional Distribution Companies. All 39 regional distribution companies were
privatized. However, TAVANIR retained shares in the companies, and own 40 – 50% of the
regional distribution companies. They were not completely privatized, and TAVANIR can
exercise some influence as they are affiliated companies of TAVANIR. It is considered that this
is a measure to ensure that the distribution companies are managed within the framework of the
policies of MOE.
IGMC is a state-owned company, and its work is supervised by TAVANIR. The MOE Market
Committee carries out supervision of the performance of the e-marketplace, which is a job
related to IGMC.
This company was established in order to provide a sound competitive environment between
electric power supply companies in accordance with the national electric power industry policy,
to attract private sector investment into electric power generation, to reduce government
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interference in the electric power industry, to allocate subsidies to electric power, to respect the
right of customers to choose, and to establish the market to store electricity.
IPPMC was established to overhaul and carry out periodic repairs to power plants and high
voltage substations, and to manufacture and modify spare parts that are required for domestic
power plants. One of their important roles is to enable self-sufficiency in electric power to be
realized. At present it is an affiliated company of TAVANIR. The activities of IPPMC include
mechanical repairs, power plant repairs, electric repairs, equipment policy matters, joint export
matters in association with SANIR, and repair parts policies. TAVANIR1 owns 49.9% of the
shares of the company.
2.1.4 SATBA
The Act for the Establishment of the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Organization
(SATBA)2 was legislated by the Islamic Consultative Assembly on 15th November 2016 and
approved by the Guardian Council on 1st January 2017. SATBA was formed by the merger of
the Renewable Energy Organization of Iran (SUNA), which was responsible for the
development of renewable and new energy resources, and the Iran Energy Efficiency
Organization (SABA), which was responsible for the optimization of energy systems. While
both SUNA and SABA were under the control of TAVANIR before the merger, SATBA has been
under the direct control of MOE since the merger.
Article 1 of this Act recognizes that SATBA is responsible for developing clean and renewable
energy resources by establishing infrastructure that is appropriate for increasing efficiency and
reducing loss in the transmission, distribution and consumption of power in Iran and improving
the efficiency of power generation. Article 2 declares that the top agenda of the organization is
to accomplish the aim of developing renewable energy resources by promoting and supporting
involvement of the private sector, formulating and implementing incentive policies and
developing renewable energy resources at industry level.
1
TAVANIR website; http://amar.tavanir.org.ir/pages/report/stat85/sanatlhtml/Structure.htm
2
the act of integration of two organizations Renewable Energy Organization of Iran (SUNA) and
Energy Efficiency Organization of Iran (SABA) which led to Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficiency Organization (SATBA)
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Prior to the economic sanctions the growth rate of electric power demand was between 5 and
9%, the average annual growth rates between fiscal 2000 and 2010 was 6.5% for peak demand
and 7.4% for electric power demand.
Over the period 2000 to 2014, the annual average growth rate for the summer maximum
demand was 6.1%, and for the peak demand was 6.5%, although there was a temporary
reduction in demand under the effect of increases in oil, gas, and electricity prices at the end of
2010 during the economic sanctions.
Source:Statistical Report on 50 years of Activities of Iran Electric Power Industry(1967-2016), Obtained from
TAVANIR, and prepared by JICA Study Team
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250,000
200,000
Power Demand(GWh)
Street Lighting
150,000
Agricultural
100,000 Industrial
Others
50,000 Public Services
Residential
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Year
Source: Statistical Report on 50 years of Activities of Iran Electric Power Industry (1967-2016), Obtained from
TAVANIR, and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 2-6 Trend in Electric Power Demand According to Sector(2000 to 2016)
The annual average growth rate over the period 2001 to 2015 was 5.3% for summer maximum
demand, and 4.9% for peak demand.
Because the regional electric company TREC supplies the Tehran that consumes the most
electricity due to dynamic economic activity, the annual average growth rate of the electrical
power demand over the period 2001 to 2009 was steady with 6.4%.
However, the effect of the increase in oil, gas, and electricity prices at the end of 2010 due to the
economic sanctions was great, so in 2011 the demand was lower than in the previous year, and
in 2012 also the increase in demand was only 2.7%.
Therefore the annual average growth rate over the period 2010 to 2015 was small, being only
2.9% for the maximum summer demand, and 2.2% for the peak demand.
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Table 2-2 Trend in Demand within the Area Operated by the Regional Electric Company
TREC (FY 2010 to 2017)
Subject 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Peak demand of
7,615 7,518 7,722 8,250 8,691 8,780 9,230 9,699
Distribution(MW)
Power Demand of
37,174 37,264 37,106 39,274 40,668 41,615 44,246 46,911
Distribution(GWh)
Peak demand of Direct
460 501 523 529 553 559 636 762
sales(MW)
Power Demand of Direct
2,376 2,528 2,645 2,448 2,493 2,465 2,588 2,744
sales(GWh)
Total Peak demand(MW) 7,851 7,750 7,961 8,505 8,960 9,052 9,515 9,999
Annual Growth Rate(%) 7.8% -1.3% 2.7% 6.8% 5.3% 1.0% 5.1% 5.1%
Total Power Demand (GWh) 39,550 39,792 39,751 41,722 43,161 44,080 46,834 49,655
Annual Growth Rate(%) 4.0% 0.6% -0.1% 5.0% 3.4% 2.1% 6.2% 6.0%
Source: Obtained from TREC, and prepared by JICA Study Team
50,000 10,000
45,000 9,000
40,000 8,000
Direct sales
30,000 6,000
Sales Energy of
25,000 5,000
Distribution
20,000 4,000
Peak Demand
15,000 3,000
10,000 2,000
5,000 1,000
0 0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Due to the stagnation in infrastructure renewal because of the economic sanctions, there is likely
to be demand for renewal in the infrastructure field after removal of the sanctions, so it is
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Table 2-3 Power Demand Forecast and Required Power Generation Forecast
In the case of GDP, which is an index of economic growth and which has a close relationship to
electrical power demand, the IMF forecasts that the growth rate in GDP after removal of
economic sanctions will be about 4%, as shown in Table 2-4.
Taking into consideration that the annual average growth rate of electrical power demand over
the period 2010 to 2017, which included the temporary reduction due to the economic sanctions,
was 4.5%, and in 2017 the actual GDP growth rate was 4.3% and the growth rate in the
electrical power demand was 4.2%, if it is considered that in the future the growth rates of GDP
will be at the 4% level, then it is considered that the growth rate of electrical power demand in
the future will be about 6%.
Table 2-4 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) Actual and Forecast of GDP
2015/ 2016/ 2017/ 2018/ 2019/ 2020/ 2021/ 2022/
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Nominal GDP 11,129 12,723 14,772 17,926 20,742 23,811 27,365 31,464
(Trillion of IRR)
Real GDP -1.6% 12.5% 4.3% 4.0% 4.0% 4.1% 4.2% 4.4%
Source: IMF Country Report No. 18/93. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN. 2018 ARTICLE IV
CONSULTATION—PRESS RELEASE;. STAFF REPORT; AND STATEMENT BY THE EXECUTIVE.
DIRECTOR FOR THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC, Mar. 2018
The annual average growth rate of Power demand over the period 2016 to 2020 is 6.2%.
It is envisaged that the electrical power demand of normal electricity consumers will have an
annual average growth rate of 6.2% over the period 2016 to 2020, so it is considered that there
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Total Power Demand (GWh) 52,952 56,146 59,477 62,905 66,320 69,958
Of these, the rate of privatization of gas turbine and combined cycle power plants exceeds 70%,
but in the case of steam power generation facilities the rate of privatization is about 30% at
present, since it is important facilities to supply power as base load.
On the other hand, the electric power generation at privatized power plants is 50% of the total
power generated, and trend of increase.
Gas turbine power plants can be constructed in a short period of time, and are also scheduled to
be constructed in the future, but it is planned that the power plants to be constructed in the
future will be mainly combined cycle power plants in order to improve the efficiency. The plans
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include conversion of existing gas turbine power plants into combined cycle power plants by
add on, in order to improve plant efficiency.
Of the thermal power generation facilities, gas turbine and combined cycle generation account
for about 80% of the generation capacity, as they are affected by the external air temperature
and pressure. On the other hand, steam power plants producing stable output are important
facilities for base load supply etc.
However, as shown in Fig. 2-8, 73% of the capacity of steam power plants is from plants that
have been in operation for more than 20 years. Therefore, plant output is decreasing year by
year, and there is a necessity for rehabilitation.
Capacity of power generation (End FY 2016) is 76,430MW, if all power plants can operate fully,
according to Table 2-6. On the other hand, operational capacity is 66,599MW, considering power
down of both Gas turbines and GTCCs during summer time.
As power demand is 53,198MW as shown in Table 2-1, capacity of power generation seems to be
sufficient.
However, because of both deterioration of power plant and countermeasure for water shortage,
capacity of power generation is evaluated to be becoming insufficient year by year.
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(MW)
16000
14000
12000 Steam
Power Plant
10000
8000 Gas Turbine
6000 & CC Power
Plant
4000 Hydro
2000 Power Plant
0
11-15
16-20
21-25
26-30
31-35
36-40
1-5
6-10
more than
40
Operational
Source: Electric power industry in Iran (2016-2017): Obtained from TAVANIR, and prepared by JICA Study Team
350000
Nuclear &Reneable
300000 Energy
Hydro
250000
Gross Generation (GWh)
200000 Diesel
100000
Gas Turbine
50000
Steam
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
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80,000 20.0
Nuclear &
70,000 Renewable Energy
50,000 Diesel
Capacity (MW)
40,000 10.0
Combined Cycle
30,000
Gas Turbine
20,000 5.0
Steam
10,000
0 0.0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
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Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
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100.0%
95.0%
90.0%
Operational Capacity Rate
Steam
85.0%
80.0% Gas Turbine
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Source: TAVANIR documents ”IRAN ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY (2016-2017)”, and prepared by JICA Study
Team
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Source: TAVANIR documents ”IRAN ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY (2016-2017)”, and prepared by JICA Study
Team
The Iranian electric power system consists of a 400 kV and 230 kV primary transmission system,
a 132 kV, 66 kV, and 63 kV secondary transmission system, and a 20 kV, and in part 33 kV and
11 kV distribution system.
Also, they have started to investigate a 765 kV ultra-high voltage system as the next generation
primary system voltage.
The following dispatching centers have been provided in Iran for monitoring and control of the
electric power system. Under the direction of IGMC,
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The primary system transmission cables as of the end of fiscal 2016 included 20,477 km of 400
kV transmission cable, and 31,324 km of 230 kV transmission cables, covering the whole
country of Iran.
Fig. 2-12 and Fig. 2-13 shows the trend in the total length of the primary system transmission
cables and the total capacity of transformers over the period fiscal 2000 to 2016.
The average growth rates of the total length of transmission cable over the period fiscal 2000 to
2016 was 5.1% for 400 kV transmission cables and 3.4% for 230 kV transmission cables.
Table 2-10 shows a list of the 400 kV and 230 kV substations and switch stations of the regional
electric company TREC, which supplies the Tehran region. Fig. 2-14 shows the system diagram.
Through surveys within the Tehran Regional Electricity Authority (TREC), summary of the
results of consideration on future issues of transmission line and substation equipment will be as
follows.
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value, In Iran there are many substations that are operating beyond this operational target value.
When a failure occurs in a transformer of a high availability substation, if the remaining
transformer that has become overloaded is shut down for protecting the equipment, then, all the
transformers of the substation will be stopped, and a wide range of power failure will occur. For
this reason, it is considered necessary to expand facilities such as transformer expansion as a
measure to lower the availability of the transformer.
30,000
25,000
Length(km)
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Year
400kV Transmission Line 230kV Transmission Line
80,000 800
70,000 700
60,000 600
Capacity(MVA)
50,000 500
Number
40,000 400
30,000 300
20,000 200
10,000 100
0 0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Year
Capacity of 400kV TR
Capacity of 230kV TR
Number of 400kV Tr
Fig. 2-13 Trend in the Number of Primary Substations and Total Capacity of
Transformers
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Table 2-10 List of 400 kV and 230 kV Substations and Switch Stations within the TREC
Area
Voltage Capacity Year of Operating
No Substation Name
(kV) (MVA) Operation Year
1 Besat 230/63 360 1967 49
2 Firouzbahram 400/230 2000 1969 47
3 ShahidFirouzi 230/63 340 1970 46
4 MontazerQaem 230/63 540 1971 45
MontazerQaem-CHP Switch
5 200 - 1971 45
station
6 Ozgol 230/63 350 1974 42
7 Namayeshgah 230/63 540 1974 42
400/230 1000 1976 40
8 Kan
230/63 320 1976 40
9 DoshanTappeh 230/63 540 1976 40
10 Manavi 230/63 540 1976 40
11 Qom1 230/63 360 1978 38
400/230 1000 1979 37
12 Ziyaran
230/63 250 1979 37
400/230 1000 1981 35
13 Tehran Pars
230/63 360 1981 35
14 Jalal Switch station 400 - 1981 35
15 Rey Gas Turbine 230/63 360 1983 33
400/230 1500 1987 29
16 Rey Shomali
230/63 680 1987 29
17 Kalan-Switch station 200 - 1989 27
18 Mosalla 230/63 720 1990 26
230/63 540 1991 25
19 Azadegan
230/20 180 1991 25
ShahidRajaeiPower Plant's
20 400 - 1993 23
Switch station (Gas Turbine)
ShahidRajaeiPower Plant's
21 400 - 1995 21
Switch station (CHP)
22 Eslamshahr 230/63 480 1995 21
23 Qom Cycle (Qom 2) 230/63 320 1995 21
230/63 540 1995 21
24 Qourkhaneh
230/20 180 1995 21
25 ZarrinKouh Mobile 230/63 40 1996 20
26 Moshiriyeh 230/63 320 1998 18
27 Alghadir 230/63 500 1999 17
28 BonyadRang 230/25 126 1999 17
29 Shoush 230/63 360 1999 17
30 Firouzkouh Mobile 230/63 40 2000 16
31 Hashtgerd 230/63 320 2002 14
400/230 1000 2003 13
32 Vardavard
230/63 320 2003 13
33 Parand 230/63 320 2003 13
Parand-Power Plant Switch
34 200 - 2003 13
station
35 Qeytariyeh 230/63 320 2003 13
36 Karaj 230/63 320 2003 13
37 Imam Khomeini airport 230/20 80 2004 12
Damavand Power Plant's
38 400 - 2005 11
Switch station
400/230 1000 2008 8
39 Pardis
230/63 320 2005 11
40 Kamalabad 230/63 500 2006 10
RoudshourGas Turbine Switch
41 400 - 2007 9
station
42 RoudshourSwitch station 400 - 2007 9
43 Jamkaran 230/63 320 2007 9
44 SaeidabadSemi Mobile 230/20 90 2008 8
45 Neyzar Mobile 230/63 80 2009 7
46 Varamin 400/63 400 2010 6
400/230 1000 2011 5
47 Sheikh Bahaei
230/63 360 2010 6
48 Shahriyar 230/63 360 2011 5
SiahbishePower Plant Switch
49 400 - 2014 2
station
50 Firouzkouh 400/230 200 2015 1
2-22
Hasan Keif
Gilan
Kalan
Shahid Bisheh
Minoodar
Lavark
Alborz
Ghazvin
Ziyaran
Saadat Abad
Pardis Shahid Salimi Power Plant
(Neka)
District22 Azgol
Dashtabi
Shahid Rajaee Hashtgerd Sayar
Mehrabad
Fair Rudehen
Baghestan Firuzkuh
Saradkuh
Kan Gheytariyeh
Sheykrbahal Damavand
Alghadir
Karaj
Vardavard Mosala
Shahid Firuzi
Shahid Rajaee CC Karimkhan
Ahovan semnan
Bonyadr
ang
Montazerghaem Ghorkhane
Montazer Ghaen Azadegan
CC
Firuzbah
Shahriyar ram
Shush
Shahed
2-23
Besat
RoodShoor
Damavand1 Damavand2
Shazand
Golcstan
Rudshur Power Plant Moshiriyeh
Rey North Garmsar
Saveh
Qom1
Future Existing Description
400kV Substation
Jamkaran
230kV Substation
Esfahan Sayar Pardisn Qom
63kV Substation Kangan
Power Plant Anjirak
765kV Transmission
Line
400kV Transmission
Line
230kV Transmission Neyzar Qom
Line
230kV Transmission Kashan
Line (Power Cable)
Salafchegan Establishment of the future transmission network plan by TREC until 2014
Behrang
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The development of the power plants shown in Table 2-11 is planned in conjunction with the
increase in the electric power system and demand in Iran, by the development of new power
plants as sources of electric power, completion of hydroelectric power plants under construction,
conversion of existing gas turbine power plants to combined cycle power plants in order to
improve efficiency, and development of new power plants by BOO and BOT, etc.
In this way, the reserve capacity will be increased and the electric power supply stabilized.
In addition, the policy of the Iranian Government to privatize power generation facilities of can be
seen in this plan in which 60% to 70% of the power plants to be developed are private.
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Table 2-11 Time Schedule for Completion of Various New Power Plants
Regional Kind of Power Capacity(MW)
No Name of Power Plant
electricity power Plant 2017 2018 2019 2020
1 Shirwan 160 320 0 160
2 Zarand 0 0 324 160
3 Zahedan 0 0 0 324
4 Bandar abbas 0 307 307 292
5 Tabris Combined 0 0 307 144
6 Khoramabad Cycle 0 0 307 0
7 Ministry of Andimeshk 0 0 0 307
8 energy Rey C.C. 0 0 0 1,050
9 Ramin Ahvaz 0 0 0 307
10 Tehran 2 0 0 0 446
11 Noshahr 25 0 0 0
Gas Turbine
12 Behshahr 25 0 0 0
13 Sirk Thermal 0 0 0 350
14 Yazd Solar Solar 0 0 17 0
15 Pasargad Gheshm 0 324 160 0
16 West Mazandaran 307 140 0 0
17 Khorramabad 0 324 160 0
18 Sadough (Yazd 2) 0 0 0 0
29 Dalahoo (Kermanshah) 0 304 160 0
20 Gol Gohar Sirjan 160 160 0 0
21 Samangan 160 0 0 0
22 Heris 0 310 160 0
23 Makoo 74 36 0 0
24 Sabzevar 0 0 0 307
25 Behbahan 0 0 0 0
26 Andimeshk & Dezfoul 0 0 304 150
27 Gachsaran 0 0 0 307
28 Zahedan 2 0 0 0 307
29 Omidieh 0 0 0 307
30 Aras Combined 0 0 0 307
31 Arvand Cycle 0 0 307 160
32 Private Dehdasht 0 0 307 160
33 Parand 160 320 0 0
34 Jahrom 0 480 0 0
35 Oroomieh 0 0 160 320
36 Sabalan 0 160 320 0
37 Rood-e Shoor 0 0 345 0
38 Chabahar 0 0 160 0
39 Kashan 0 160 0 0
40 Semnan 0 0 0 160
41 Sltanih 0 0 0 320
42 Zagros 0 0 0 320
43 Ferdosi 0 480 0 0
44 Aliabad 0 0 0 160
45 Asaloyeh 0 480 0 0
46 Saveh 0 0 0 810
47 Renewable Energies Renewable 600 960 960 960
Dispersed Generation, Heat
48 DG, CHP 250 480 480 480
and Power Production
49 Darian 210 0 0 0
50 Roodbar in Lorestan 225 0 0 0
Ministry of
51 Sardasht Hydro 50 100 0 0
Energy
52 Chamshir 0 55 0 0
53 Plants Hydro power 4 0 20 0
Total of MOE 699 782 1,282 3,540
Total of Private Sector 1,711 5,118 3,983 5,535
Total of the Country 2,410 5,900 5,265 9,075
Privatization rate 71.0% 86.7% 75.7% 61.0%
Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team, based on TAVANIR documents ”IRAN ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY
(2016-2017)”
Also in conjunction with the development of new power plants, it is intended to steadily
implement the following construction plans, in order to improve the efficiency of existing power
plants.
(1) Rehabilitation of existing facilities
(2) Repowering
(3) Improving the efficiency of combined cycle power generation
(4) Improving the performance of steam power generation
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It is planned to increase and strengthen the transmission lines and substations as shown in
Tables 2-12 and 2-13, to enable the electric power generated from the new power plants to be
stably supplied to the electric power system to satisfy the increase in demand.
6
Energy Sales 10 Kwh 237,436 251,436 264,907 278,140 5.4
Sub-Transmission
MVA 114,945 118,078 121,553 124,986 2.8
Substation Capacity
Source: Electric power industry in Iran (2016-2017) TAVANIR
Tables 2-14 and 2-15 show the total capacity and the component ratio for each power plant type
in the Sixth Five-year Development Plan of TAVANIR, as well as their annual generating
capacity.
Among the power plant types, there is a trend towards the combined cycle generation whose
capacity exceeds 50 % of total generating capacity, and which allows to increase the thermal
efficiency including existing gas-fired generation as an add-on. Also, the capacity of renewable
energy such as wind power generation, etc., that utilize natural energy without relying on fossil
fuel, exceeds 5% of the total generating capacity and its percentage of the total capacity is
tending to increase.
On the other hand, in the annual power generation, the generation by renewable power plants
that use unstable natural energy is only about 1%, and it is about 6% of all power generation
systems including hydroelectric power generation but excluding thermal power generation.
Therefore, there is no change to the trend of dependence on thermal power generation for more
than 90% of the total. Among thermal power generation, steam generation is capable of
generating a stable output throughout the year, so it is planned to rely on it for 20% or more of
power generation output.
In order to obtain stable output, an increase in new combined cycle plant and rehabilitation of
aging steam generating plants for function-permitting maintenance seem to be necessary.
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Table 2-14 Total Generation Capacity and Composition Ratio of Power Plant According to
Type (Sixth 5-year Plan)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Type of Power Plants Capacity Ratio of Capacity Ratio of Capacity Ratio of Capacity Ratio of Capacity Ratio of
(MW) Power Station (MW) Power Station (MW) Power Station (MW) Power Station (MW) Power Station
Steam 15,830 20.3% 15,830 19.3% 15,830 18.2% 16,155 17.3% 17,455 17.3%
Gas Turbine 26,761 34.4% 23,481 28.7% 19,269 22.1% 15,057 16.1% 10,845 10.8%
Combined Cycle 20,914 26.9% 26,945 32.9% 35,117 40.3% 43,619 46.6% 51,487 51.1%
Diesel 439 0.6% 439 0.5% 439 0.5% 439 0.5% 439 0.4%
Thermal Total 63,944 82.1% 66,694 81.4% 70,654 81.0% 75,269 80.4% 80,225 79.6%
Hydroelectric 11,819 15.2% 12,236 14.9% 12,236 14.0% 12,236 13.1% 12,236 12.1%
Nuclear 1,020 1.3% 1,020 1.2% 1,020 1.2% 1,020 1.1% 1,020 1.0%
Renewable 578 0.7% 1,168 1.4% 2,068 2.4% 3,366 3.6% 4,966 4.9%
Renewable Total 13,417 17.2% 14,424 17.6% 15,324 17.6% 16,622 17.8% 18,222 18.1%
Distributed Generation 500 0.6% 800 1.0% 1,200 1.4% 1,700 1.8% 2,350 2.3%
Total 77,861 100.0% 81,918 100.0% 87,178 100.0% 93,591 100.0% 100,797 100.0%
Annual Growth Rate(%) 5.1% - 5.2% - 6.4% - 7.4% - 7.7% -
Source: The Sixth Five Year Development Plan in TAVANIR
Table 2-15 Annual Power Generation of Power Plant According to Type (Sixth 5-year
Plan)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Type of Power Plants Power Power Power Power Power
Ratio of Ratio of Ratio of Ratio of Ratio of
Generation Generation Generation Generation Generation
Power Station Power Station Power Station Power Station Power Station
(GWh) (GWh) (GWh) (GWh) (GWh)
Steam 86,130 28.6% 86,130 27.0% 86,130 25.3% 87,625 24.2% 91,964 23.7%
Gas Turbine 88,462 29.3% 66,097 20.7% 50,660 14.9% 36,203 10.0% 22,576 5.8%
Combined Cycle 104,912 34.8% 142,998 44.9% 177,433 52.2% 210,878 58.3% 241,430 62.3%
Diesel 71 0.0% 71 0.0% 71 0.0% 71 0.0% 71 0.0%
Thermal Total 279,575 92.7% 295,297 92.7% 314,294 92.5% 334,776 92.5% 356,041 91.8%
Hydroelectric 15,531 5.2% 15,006 4.7% 16,077 4.7% 15,006 4.1% 16,077 4.1%
Nuclear 4,914 1.6% 5,004 1.6% 5,004 1.5% 5,004 1.4% 5,004 1.3%
Renewable 456 0.2% 972 0.3% 1,658 0.5% 2,654 0.7% 3,915 1.0%
Renewable Total 20,901 6.9% 20,981 6.6% 22,739 6.7% 22,663 6.3% 24,996 6.4%
Distributed Generation 986 0.3% 2,334 0.7% 2,839 0.8% 4,424 1.2% 6,764 1.7%
Total 301,462 100.0% 318,612 100.0% 339,872 100.0% 361,863 100.0% 387,802 100.0%
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government will pay back the construction expenses and the interest on them to the contractor in
five years after the completion of the construction. The payback period varies depending on the
international market price of fuel. While the payback period is currently five years, it used to be
shorter when the price was higher. The repayments amounts for EPC costs and non-EPC costs
(including interest and commitment fees) are calculated separately. The total amount of
repayment is supposed to be equal to the saving in the fuel expenses derived from the
conversion.
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(2) BOO
(a) BOO Scheme
BOO is a scheme to use private funds to develop infrastructure. In this scheme, the government
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(TPPH) designs projects and private companies construct, own and operate power plants. As the
power demand in Iran is expected to continue increasing alongside population growth and
improved living standards, many power sources will be required. However, it is difficult for the
national government to develop all necessary power sources due to financial difficulties. Since
2000, the Iranian Government accepts private investment for the construction of power plants
under BOT (build, operate and transfer) or BOO (build, own and operate) scheme.3
The government implements a policy of inviting domestic and foreign private investment in the
construction of power plants by providing the following incentives to private investors for the
construction and operation of CC power plants.4
・BOO contract
・ECA (energy conversion agreement) for five years
・Guaranteed fuel supply
・Offtake tariff standard set at US Cent 2.6/kWh
・Revision of the tariff in accordance with price escalation rates and changes in foreign exchange
rates
・Assistance in acquisition of environmental and other licenses
・Approval for export after a five-year ECA period
・Guarantee of payment by the government
Although both BOT and BOO are mentioned above, only BOO is used at present. According to
TPPH, although BOT was used for the development of gas turbine power plants in the past, in
principle, only BOO will be used in the future. The CC power plant will be the only type of
thermal power plant to be developed in the future. The reason for this is that the BOO contract
period is 20 years. The lifespan of CC power plants is shorter than that of gas turbine and steam
turbine power plants and is approximately the same as the BOO contract period. Therefore,
BOT will bring no benefit to the government, which is why only BOO will be used.
In a case where a private power producer constructs and operates a power plant under BOO,
SATBA concludes a PPA (power purchase agreement) based on FITs (feed-in tariffs) with the
producer. Meanwhile, SATBA concludes a contract with a DSO (distribution system operator)
for a small-scale power generation scheme. Under this contract, a DSO is an agent of SATBA
that reads meters, prepares invoices, and makes payments, etc. on behalf of SATBA in a
small-scale power generation scheme. SATBA pays DSOs for the payment that they have made
on its behalf. Although electric power generated by SATBA plants and purchased by SATBA
from private producers is delivered to consumers through its power distribution and
transmission networks, SATBA does not sell electricity but transmits it free of charge.
Budgetary allocation from the government is practically the only revenue source of SATBA.
The benefits mentioned below are expected from the development of social capital by the
private sector under BOO contracts.5
・Transfer of ownership and management of projects from the public to private sector will
increase national product in society.
・Privatization will have a positive effect on the government budget by creating budgetary
flexibility with reduction in government spending
・Improved economic efficiency is another positive effect of privatization, which is considered
3 Considering of BOO Contract in project management & its role in developing of rivatization,
Nouredin Gandomi & Shiva Rezai, The 4th International Conference on Innovative Research in
Management, Economics and Accounting, July 2016
4
Investment opportunities and incentives in power industry, 2nd business forum Iran Europe,
Ministry of Energy Iran, March 2016
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5
Information obtained in the interview at IGMC
6
New Contracts Offer Synergies Between Players in Iran's Power Industry、Hamid Soorghali
Business Analyst with Energy Pioneers Ltd., 2016/8/8/
http://www.bourseandbazaar.com/articles/2016/8/8/synergies-between-local-and-international-player
s-in-irans-power-industry
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Table 2-18 shows the schedule for the construction of thermal power plants, according to which
power plants will be constructed in nine years with a total capacity that is comparable to the
plants constructed in the past 17 years.
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Cap 1396 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404
1 Qeshm 484 324 160
2 Mazandaran - Nowshahr 447 307 140
3 KhoramAbad 484 324 160
4 Sadoogh - Taban 160 160
5 Dalahoo 484 304 180
6 Sirjaan 160 160
7 Samangan 160 160
8 Heris 454 304 150
9 Makoo 110 74 36
10 Sabzevar 467 307 160
11 Behbahan 160 160
12 Dezfool 454 304 150
13 Zahedan 2 467 307 160
14 Aryan (zanjan 2) 467 307 160
15 Zanjan 1 467 307 160
16 Omidiyeh 467 307 160
17 Aras 467 307 160
18 Andimeshk 2 467 307 160
19 Bandzark 467 307 160
20 Andimeshk 3 467 307 160
21 Loshan 467 467
22 Dehdasht 467 307 160
23 Abadan 910 620 290
24 Saveh (Unit) 1200 810 390
25 Zahedan (Unit) 880 308 572
Total 11684 1629 1154 931 2041 1402 2516 1384 467 160
Source: Information obtained from TPPH
2.5.2 Privatization
Full-scale privatization of the electric power sector in Iran began in the 2000’s. The Iranian
Privatization Organization (IPO) was established under the Ministry of Economic Affairs and
Finance in 2001 for the implementation of privatization. In 2004, Article 44 of the Constitution
was amended. This amendment allowed free interpretation of privatization and efficient
privatization of state-owned companies in key sectors. The Supreme Leader of Iran, Ayatollah
Khamenei, gave instructions for the privatization of 80% of state-owned companies in
accordance with the Constitution.46 In the electric power sector, a new law enacted in 2004 has
given TAVANIR authority to reorganize itself, to make each of its power plants an independent
company and to sell 65% of the shares of these companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange.7
Privatization is implemented in the power generation and distribution areas, while power
transmission is out of the scope of the privatization in accordance with the stipulation of Article
44 of the Constitution. IPO implements the privatization of power generation and distribution.
According to MOE, it selects state-owned companies to be privatized and IPO selects the best
methods to privatize them.
7Iran announces new plans for privatisation and structural reform in the power sector, Written by
Adrian Creed and Dr Amir Kordvani., May 2014
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According to TPPH, the sale of shares for the privatization of power plants is conducted on the
Tehran Stock Exchange. For the purpose of privatization, shares in power plant power
generation management companies are sold at auction as a set with shares in the power
generation maintenance and repair company responsible for the same plant, and all shares are
sold to the company that offers the highest price. Therefore, each privatized company has only
one shareholder. Shares in a privatized company are sold on the Tehran Stock Exchange,
regardless of whether it is listed or not. A shareholder may list a company that it owns on the
stock exchange. However, no privatized company has been listed so far.
Table 2-19 shows the power plants that have been privatized so far. Since the amendment of the
Constitution and establishment of IPO in 2004, 35 power plants have been privatized.
According to TPPH, as privately-owned power plants already account for 80% of the plants in
the country, the government has no plan to privatize remaining state-owned power plants.
As many companies were nationalized after the revolution, it is thought that the public sector
has played a major role in economic activities in Iran. Further economic development requires
the growth and development of the private sector, and privatization is thought to be consistent
with this requirement. A great concern in the electric power sector and especially in the power
generation area in Iran is that many power plants in the country are decrepit and many of them
require large-scale repair. However, the current state of public finances in Iranian government
only allows limited repairs of such plants. This fact also seems to have influenced the
privatization of the power generation area.
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All the regional DSOs have been privatized. The privatization of the DSOs differs from that of
power plants in that TAVANIR still owns 40% to 50% of their shares. In addition, none of the
regional DSOs is listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.
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The Mapna Group has been involved in privatization in the electric power sector. Construction
of power plants used to be the main business of the group. However, the group has expanded its
business to various fields including oil and gas, railway transportation and manufacturing. The
group is listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. It was the fourth largest company among the
listed companies in 2010. When the Mapna Group was an affiliate of TAVANIR, SABA
Investment Company, TAVANIR Holding and Sazman Gostaresh va No Sazi Sanaie Iran
owned 51 %, 39 % and 10 % of its shares, respectively. At present, SABA, Edalat Brokerage,
MAPNA Employees Investment Co. and Ayandeh Negar own 90 % of the shares.
8 IRAN RENEWABLES SECTOR UPDATE Herbert Smith Freehills 2017 LEILA HUBEAUT
PARTNER, PARIS JOANNA ADDISON PARTNER, DOHA ERGEN EGE AVOCAT, PARIS
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Table 2-20 Installed renewable energy power plants situation up to end of Jan, 2018
Governmental Non-Governmental Total
Item Power plant
capacity (MW) capacity (MW) (MW)
1 Wind 98.86 115.86 214.72
2 Solar (PV) 7.40 114.60 122.00
3 Biomass 0.00 10.56 10.56
4 Small Hydropower 62.40 19.85 82.25
5 Waste heat recovery 0.00 0.60 0.60
Total 168.66 270.47 439.13
Source: Information obtained from SATBA
Table 2-21 Installed Power Plant with Non-Governmental Sector (Feb, 2018)
No Project Name Capacity Construction Site Date of Operation
Wind Power Plant
1 Mapna-Kahak 1 5 Takestan ,Qazvin July 2014
2 Mapna-Kahak 2 20 Takestan ,Qazvin January 2015
3 Mapna-Kahak 3 30 Takestan ,Qazvin February 2017
4 Behin Ertebet Mehr 2.5 East Azerbaijan
5 Agh Kand 23.8 Siahpoosh, Qazvin
6 Binalood 28.4 Neishabour, Khorasan Razavi September 2010
7 Dizbad 4 Neishabour, Khorasan Razavi January 2017
8 Tavan Bad 0.66 Khaf, Khorasan Razavi January 2017
9 Fanavaran Energy Pak 1.5 Khaf, Khorasan Razavi September 2016
Total 115.86 MW
Solar Power Plant
10 Atrian Parsian 0.514 Malard, Tehran May 2018
11 Pak Bana 0.228 Qom September 2018
12 Aftab Mad Rah Abrisham 35 Hamadan December 2018
13 Tara Moshaver 0.215 Shams Abad, Alborz January 2018
14 Ghadir Energy 10 Jarghouyeh, Esfahan April 2018
15 Mehran Energy Arvand Co. 1.2 Rafsanjan, Kerman July 2018
16 Tose-e Faragir Jask Co. 10 Mahan, Kerman July 2018
17 Solar Energy Arka Co. 10 Mahan, Kerman July 2018
18 Abouyand Co. 1.313 Damghan December 2018
19 Sanaye Siman Shahrekord 1.5 Shahrekord December 2018
20 Energy_e_Nou Atieh 10 Yazd January 2018
10 Sistan&Balouchestan, Zahedan
21 Iran Tablou Co. 0.63 Nazar Abad, Albourz January 2018
22 Behnad Energy Pars Lian Co. 4 Sarvestan, Fars January 2018
23 Pars Ray Energy Bahar Co. 10 Ray, Tehran
24 Aftab Kavir Part 10 Khosef, South Khorasan
Total 114.6 MW
Biomass Power Plant
25 Municipality of Mashhad 0.6 Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi September 2009
26 Niroo Sabin Aria 1.06 Shiraz, Fars September 2009
27 Kian Group 1.9 Abali, Tehran -
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It is highly likely that the planned power plant will be developed as a PPA has been concluded,
so it is expected that the generation capacity mentioned in Table 2-22 will be realized. Even if
the capacity to be developed by the government mentioned below is added, the total capacity
will not reach 5 GW. However, as there is still time until the completion of the current sixth
five-year plan, the government is inviting applications for PPA with FITs left unchanged for
2017. Using the capacity generated by plants to be constructed by new applicants, the
government intends to achieve the target of 5 GW.
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Power Flow Price Flow
② ⑤
Distribution Distribution Co. Distribution Co. REC
HV Client ③ ④
Customer
Cosutomer HV Client
In the past TAVANIR had a de facto monopoly position in the Iran electrical power sector, but
this has changed greatly as a result of corporate spin-off and liberalization. In the generation
sector many power stations have been privatized, and the thermal power generation sector has
been spun off from TAVANIR into a separate company and TPPH has been established. The
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regional distribution companies have also been privatized (companies affiliated to TAVANIR).
The regional electric companies have remained under the jurisdiction of TAVANIR, while
transforming from a company that was formerly responsible for regional power generation,
transmission, and distribution, into a company with jurisdiction over transmission.
The format of electrical power distribution is the same as in most of the country, with power
being transmitted from the generating companies to the transmission network of TAVANIR, and
from the distribution network of the regional distribution companies the power is sold to the
ordinary customers. For some high-voltage and ultra-high voltage customers, the power is
directly sold from the transmission network.
On the other hand, the flow of price differs slightly from the actual flow of electrical power.
Iran has an electronic electrical power wholesale market known as IEM, operated and managed
by IGMC, and regulated by the Iran Electricity Regulatory Board. The electrical power
generated is sold through the Iranian Electricity Market (IEM), and viewed from the IEM there
is the sellers’ price (1) and the buyers’ price (2). The electrical power purchased at the IEM is
sold to VHV (Very High Voltage) and HV (High Voltage) customers by the transmission
companies (4), and the distribution companies sell to the other customers (3). Also, private
power generators can conclude bilateral sales contracts with VHV and HV customers (5). Also,
ECA contracts and renewable energy are exceptions to the above table. The outline of electricity
prices of the IEM and others is provided below.
9
IGMC HP
http://www.igmc.ir/en/Company-units/Deputies/Electricity-Market/Market-in-depth#1740154-introductio
n-to-iem
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IERB
Supervision
10
IGMC HP http://www.igmc.ir/en/
11
IGMC HP
http://www.igmc.ir/en/Company-units/Deputies/Electricity-Market/Market-in-depth#1740153-regulatory-
board
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Apart from in-house power generation, electrical power generated within the country is bought
and sold via the IEM, the transactions on IEM are managed and operated by IGMC, and
supervised by IERB. Exceptions include Energy Conversion Agreements (ECA), Power
Purchase Agreements (PPA), and renewable energy. Of these, the system has been established
for PPAs, but at present it has not been adopted by any power station. There are 3 types of
electricity market carrying out transactions on IEM: the day-ahead market, the power exchange,
and bilateral contracts.
This is the main market of the IEM, and accounts for about 90% of the electrical power
transacted on the IEM. It is an auction for the electrical power for the following day. All stations
submit tenders on the day prior to supply of electrical power. The sellers submit prices and
quantities in their tenders. Customers submit demand quantities only. In reality, this mechanism
is a one-sided auction for the sellers.
A uniform price is not determined by the auction in the Day Ahead Market, but tenders are
fulfilled up to the total demand quantity of the buyers. Explaining the example in the figure
above, assume the tenders of the sellers is as shown in Fig. 2-17, and the cumulative demands of
the buyers is 110. In this case, the tenders for sale in the cumulative column are successful until
110. The total quantity of the tenders with prices from 100 to 140 are successful, and a quantity
of 10 is successful for the tender of price 150. The upper limit of the price is determined by the
sellers’ maximum tender price limit set by the Regulatory Board. The following table shows the
trend in the volume of transactions, value of transactions, and unit selling prices on IEM.
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The volume of transactions have increased year-by-year as the domestic electrical power
demand has increased. The transaction unit price had increased since fiscal year 2015-16, but
after that unit price decreased. It is considered that this is related to energy production costs
which will be referred later (Note that energy production costs consist of whole costs, not only
production costs but also transmission and distribution costs). Production costs were the highest
in 2014 - 15 and then declined. Because unit production cost is calculated after the fiscal year end, it
seems to be the reason that there is a one year difference in the peak with the transaction unit price.
The breakdown of the average unit purchase price on IGMC is as shown below. The sales price
includes a Capacity Payment and an Ancillary Service Payment, in addition to the electricity
price. The capacity payment is paid in accordance with the capacity released on the IEM, with
the objective of development of additional generating capacity.
The Ancillary Service Payment is made in accordance with the quality of electric power that a
plant provides. A power plant applies for the payment by stating the type of service it provides
and the market operators calculate the payment amount in accordance with the quality of the
service. Self-start (black start) power plants, frequency adjustment and reactive power are
considered to be ancillary services.
Table 2-24 Breakdown of the IGMC Electrical Power Purchase Price (IRR/kWh)
Year Energy Rate Capacity rate Ancillary service Total
2013-14 341 152 2 496
2014-15 427 193 4 624
2015-16 421 291 4 717
2016-17 364 242 3 609
2017-18 339 232 14 585
Source: IGMC
2) Power exchange
3) Bilateral contracts
This is a method whereby sellers and buyers carry out direct negotiations to determine the price.
Buyers and sellers can freely negotiate regarding the price and quantity. However, it is
necessary to apply to the system operator and obtain approval for transactions. Almost all
bilateral contracts are long-term contracts.
4) Buyers price
As stated above, the IEM is a one-sided auction, in which the sellers submit tenders based on
the principle of competition, but the buyers only apply for the quantity that they require. IGMC
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purchases the electrical power applied for by the buyers, and sells it to the buyers. The selling
price to the buyers is the average purchase price by IGMC. The transmission cost is allocated to
the transmission system users based on the usage. The following is a breakdown of the average
sales price to buyers.
(3) Transactions other than the electrical power wholesale market - ECA & Renewable energy
As stated previously, basically, the electrical power generated and sold using the TAVANIR
network is transacted on the IEM, but there are exceptions. These exceptions are the ECA
contracts and renewable energy.
The tariff stipulated in an ECA should be used as the tariff of power offtake by TPPH from a
contracted power plant during the ECA period. As an individual BOO agreement has been
concluded for each BOO project, there is no unified tariff and the tariffs vary among agreements.
A tariff of US Cent 2.6/kWh is considered to be the standard.
2) Renewable energy
A PPA is concluded on FIT basis. MOE is obliged to purchase electric power from a private
renewable energy (RE) power plant to promote its use. A law enacted in 2011 obliges MOE to
purchase electric power at a price guaranteed for 20 years under a long-term agreement.
Guaranteed prices will be adjusted every year in accordance with changes in the local CPI
(consumer price index) and the foreign exchange rate against the U.S. dollar.13 Table 2-27
shows the offtake tariffs for electric power generated by RE power plants from 2015 on.
Although the law stipulates that FITs shall be revised every year, the current FITs will be valid
at least until the end of this project year (2017 – 2018).
12
The electricity unit prices in Table 2-16, Table 2-17, and Table 2-18 differ from each other, and this is
because the values in the respective denominators are the quantity of generation at the power station, the
quantity actually purchased by IGMC, and the quantity sold by IGMC. As the measurement location
becomes further from the power station, transmission losses increase, and the value in the denominator
becomes gradually smaller.
13
Iran power sector Enough to double GDP, Sector overview Equity Research 20 January 2016,
Renaissance Capital
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network is primarily decided by the geographic conditions of the plant site and the availability
of networks around the site. The basic rule is to connect small-scale power generation facilities
(1 MW or less and 100 kW or less for wind and PV power generation, respectively) including
roof-top PV facilities to distribution networks.
SATBA and a power producer conclude a PPA. Meanwhile, SATBA concludes a contract with
a DSO (distribution service operator) for a small-scale power generation scheme. Under this
contract, a DSO is an agent of SATBA that reads meters, prepares invoices and makes payments
on behalf of SATBA in small-scale power generation schemes. SATBA pays DSOs for the
payment that they have made on its behalf. Although electric power generated by SATBA own
plants and purchased by SATBA from private producers is delivered to consumers through its
power distribution and transmission networks, SATBA does not sell electricity but transmits it
free of charge. Budgetary allocation from the government is practically the only revenue source
of SATBA.
Table 2-26 Offtake Tariffs for Electric Power Generated by RE Power Plants
(IRRs per kWh)
No Technology type 2015 2016-18
Landfill 2,900 2,700
The anaerobic digestion of manure,
1 Biomass 3,150 3,500
sewage and agriculture
Incineration and waste gas storage 5,870 3,700
above 50 megawatt capacity* 4,060 3,400
2 Wind farm
with the capacity of 50 MW and less 4,970 4,200
above 30 megawatt capacity* 3,200
5,600
3 Solar farm with the capacity of 30 MW and less 4,000
with the capacity of 10 MW and less 6,750 4,900
4 Geothermal (including excavation and equipment) 5,770 4,900
5 Waste Recycling in industrial processes 3,050 2,900
Small hydropower Installation on the rivers and side
2,100
6 with the capacity of facility of dams 3,700
10 MW and less Installation on the pipelines 1,500
7 Fuel cell systems - 4,948
8 Turbo expanders 1,800 1,600
9 Other renewable sources excluding hydropower plants 4,873 -
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The electricity prices for consumers are determined by law. In 2016, the cabinet approved a
10% price increase in the August price adjustment. According to the MOE, the average price
after the 2015 adjustment was about 600 IRR/kWh, but it is envisaged that the average price
after the price adjustment will be 670 IRR/kWh.
The consumer electricity price is affected by political decisions, and does not necessarily reflect
the wishes of TAVANIR. Therefore, price changes have not been made every year, and recently
in 2012 and 2013 the price change was deferred. It is considered that this was related to the fact
that price changes had been made consecutively in December 2010 and March 2011. At present,
the purchase price exceeds the sales price, so it is envisaged that TAVANIR will increase the
price until the purchase price and the sales price are equal. However, electrical power prices are
determined politically, so it is not known when this will be realized.
Tariff schedules have been prepared for different types of power consumers. Tables 2-27 to -31
show examples of the numerous schedules in use.
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The month for revision of the prices in the above tables varies from year to year; in fiscal 2010,
it was December, in fiscal 2011, it was April, in fiscal 2014, it was April, and in fiscal 2015, it
was March 201614. Although it was not possible to obtain the information during the survey, as
stated previously, there was a price revision actually in September 2016, in which the price
increase is likely to about 10% over the previous year’s price. In the Persian calendar, a year
begins in March and ends in March in the following year.
The average sales prices as a result of applying the above sales tariff table were as follows.
14 The start date of the New Year in the Persian calendar corresponds to 21nd, March in A.D.
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The price increases in fiscal 2010 and 2011 overlapped, so the sales price increased greatly, and
the increase was about double. Thereafter in fiscal 2012 and 2013 there was no price revision,
but a price revision was carried out in 2014.
In addition, it is considered that the future direction of the price is upwards, but as the price
itself is a political matter, when and how much the price increase is impossible to predict.
Different prices are applicable to VHV and HV customers that directly purchase their electrical
power from the transmission lines, and not via the distribution network. Basically, the price is
determined by contract negotiated individually between the parties in long-term contracts.
There are 2 types of so cold subsidy. Those are fuel subsidy and Government budget. The
Government decides domestic fuel price and fuel price for generation are set cheaper than fuel
price for other category in Iran. The amounts which are corresponding to difference between
purchase price from National petroleum Co. or National gas Co. and international price are
recognized as fuel subsidy. Fuel subsidy is not actual payments from the Government and it is
recognized only through calculation.
In law, TPPH and TAVANIR are a company, but from the financial viewpoint, it also has the
aspect of a government organization. As a government organization, they prepare a budget, and
differences between forecast expenditure and income are paid from the national budget, so that
income and expenditure in the budget are balanced.
The income is broadly divided into electrical power income and disbursements from the
government. When TPPH and TAVANIR are considered as a self-supporting organization, the
budget dispersed from the government is effectively considered to be a subsidy.
The following table shows the comparison between the cost of sales and the sales tariffs. It was
not possible to obtain data for the fuel subsidies up to 2010 and the cost of goods in 2012, etc.,
so the table is incomplete. As shown in the table below, the cost of sales greatly exceeds the
sales tariff. The amount of the difference is compensated for by the fuel subsidies and budget.
The sales tariff increases yearly, but the difference with the cost of sales is great, so even in
2014 the sales tariff was less than half the cost of sales. From 2013 the fuel subsidy has been
abolished, so the compensation from the budget has increased.
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Daily essentials like wheat and energy are subsidized in Iran like in other middle east countries.
Energy such as gasoline diesel and electricity and basic foods such as bread, egg and food oil are
subsidized in Iran.
2000 era and after increase in energy subsidy became a factor of strict national finance in line with
increase of domestic energy demand At the beginning, gasoline price was raised in incremental steps
from 2007 to 2014, and On a nominal price basis, the gasoline price increased by a factor of 7 in
seven years, through a major reduction in subsidies15.
Transitions in energy subsidy from 2014 to 2016 were as follows. The Government reduce energy
subsidy after 2014 also but flagging oil market is considered as main reason for energy subsidy
reduction. Domestic fuel price for generation was not increased as described above, on the contrary
it was decreased in fiscal year 2016-17. Therefore, it should be understood that fuel subsidy was
reduced rather according to the result of external factor; prolonged slump in international oil market
not due from the Governmental policy.
15
FY2014 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign and Security Affairs Research Project (General Project) “The Middle
East as a Global Strategy Issue – Outlook to 2030 and Response –” Chapter 6 Subsidies and Structural Reform,
Yoshikazu Kobayashi, The Japan Institute of International Affairs
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According to the field investigations conducted at the time of the second site survey, the ground
surface of the site was covered with plants, and the surface layer was a silty fine sand covering a
mixture of sand and gravel. There are trees near the boundary line on the north side within the
site of the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant, which will have to be removed together with the tree
stumps and roots prior to commencement of construction. Also, there is one (1) cable laid in a
cable trench in the center of the site. In addition, there are structures in several locations, and
there are also concrete pipes on the site, so it will be necessary to remove these prior to
construction.
An on-site borehole survey and a laboratory soil test were conducted for the basic design of the
foundation and the details of soil properties were elucidated by the results of the survey and test.
Site investigations such as soil investigation, topographical survey, infrastructure survey, etc.,
has been carried out to confirm that there are no problems in the natural conditions, etc., in the
site for construction of the new high-efficiency low environmental load gas combined cycle
generating plant within the site of the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant in Iran. The detailed contents
to be carried out are described in Section 3.2.1onwards.
The quantities to be surveyed are as shown below. The quantities of the survey were decided in
accordance with ground conditions at the plant site.
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1) Field Work
2) Laboratory Test
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Table 3-3 shows the soil cohesion and friction angle at each boring depth.
In addition, Table 3-4 shows the results of chemical component analysis at each depth.
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Fig. 3-3 shows the passing rate of a grain size of 0.074 mm or less, Fig. 3-4 the liquid limit and
Fig. 3-5 the plasticity index respectively.
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The typical geological boring log at the site is shown in Fig.3-6. No large differences are seen at
5 survey points.
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The typical grain size distribution diagram and table are shown in Fig.3-7 and in Table 3-5
respectively.
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The typical geological parameters as deemed as the design guidelines are shown in Table 3-6.
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sites is suspected, sulfate resisting concrete must be used for the construction of
underground structures. Application of asphalt on concrete surfaces that come into
direct contact with soil is recommended as a safety measure. (Table 3-4)
In groundwater level monitoring in the borehole survey, the existence of groundwater was not
observed in BH-2 to -5 bored to GL-30m, but it was observed in BH-1 at GL-64.5 m.
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1) Benchmarks
Temporary benchmarks were installed at ten locations in the Plan-B area. The UTM coordinates
and elevation of each benchmark were determined using a GPS device and a national control
point near the plant (grade 2 national benchmark, NCC/040-007) as a reference point. Table 3.2
shows the UTM coordinates and elevation of each benchmark.
2) Topographic Map
The results of a topographic survey of an approx. 75 ha in the Plan-B area were used for the
creation of a 1:1000-scale topographic map with contours at 0.5 m intervals of the area. The
existing structures at the site were also surveyed and represented on the map.
The topographic survey conducted by local consultants revealed a slope in the north-south
direction in the site. There is an elevation difference of 20 m in the site, with an elevation of
1,298.5 m at the northern edge of the site and 1,278.5 m at the southern edge. In the power plant
construction plan, the Administration Building, Power House and Switch Yard are to be
constructed in the northern, central and southern areas of the site, respectively, as shown in the
figure below.
As a spread foundation will presumably be used in the construction of these structures, the
ground will be excavated in the required areas to the required depths, and excavated earth will
be disposed of within the plant site.
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Existing Road
L =20 m
The meteorological conditions and specifications to be used in the project were set mainly using
data recorded at the Qazvin Synoptic Meteorological Station located approximately 24 km west
of the Shahid Rajaee Thermal Power Plant.
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The temperature and humidity data recorded at the Qazvin Station, the meteorological station
closest to the plant, and other stations near the plant were analyzed. The average annual
temperature, average annual maximum temperature and average annual minimum temperature
are 14.1 ºC, 21.2 ºC and 6.8 ºC, respectively. The daily maximum temperate is 44.0 ºC recorded
between June and August and the daily minimum temperature is -28.0 ºC recorded in January.
The average annual relative humidity is 65.0 %.
(Precipitation)
Thirty-two (32) existing meteorological stations near the plant were selected as the sources of
precipitation data for statistical analysis conducted on the basis of the accuracy, reliability and
period of measurement of the data. Precipitation has been measured for the past 46 years at
these stations. The statistical analysis of the precipitation data has revealed that, of the average
annual precipitation of 320.5 mm, 34.3 % is observed in the winter, 28.7 % in the fall, 33.5 % in
the spring and only 3.5 % in the summer.
(Rivers)
The river system in which the new power plant site is located consists of the Shoor River, the
river system in the Qazvin Plains, the Bahjat Abad (Zaghe) River and the Unes Abad River.
The Behjat Abad River is an important source of water intake into the plant. It is a 3.5 km-long
tributary and has a catchment area of 120 km2. The gauging station closest to the plant is in
Behjat Abad. The station was established in 1979 and water flow has been measured for 36
years at this station. The average annual flow rate is 0.22 m3/s and the maximum flow rate is
observed in April and May.
(Groundwater)
A groundwater survey was conducted with consideration for the possibility of the use of
groundwater from boreholes in and near the plant site for plant operation. There are seven
boreholes in and around the site. Their depths are between 150 m and 200 m and their pumping
rates are between 1.5 L/s and 19.3 L/s.
The groundwater level in the plant area dropped by 36 m between 1965 and 2016, which is a
rate of 0.68m/year. In association with this drop in the groundwater level, the salinity of
groundwater has noticeably increased.
Groundwater will be supplied to the new power plant as in the case with the existing plant. The
quality requirements for groundwater and the required amount are described in “5.3.4 (4)
Design and Performance Requirements.”
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3.6 Conclusion
Based on the results of the above surveys of natural conditions, a study has been carried out into
the ancillary facilities associated with the power station, preliminary design of buildings, etc.,
routes for transportation of equipment, and temporary storage locations. The results have been
summarized and a description is provided below regarding the civil engineering design.
(1) As a deep layer of sandy and gravelly soil is found below the ground surface of the site, the
bearing capacity of the ground is expected to be high even near ground level. Based on the
absence of silt and cohesive soil that may cause ground settlement, it has been concluded
that consolidation settlement will not occur in the site. However, as a few centimeters of
immediate settlement is expected to occur immediately after a load is applied on the ground,
the absence of adverse effect from the immediate settlement on the foundation structures
will be confirmed in the stage of the detailed design.
(2) Based on the results of the surveys of natural conditions in and near the project site, it has
been concluded that there is no need to use a pile foundation for the construction of
structures that apply a large load on the ground such as the Power House and fuel tanks. As
the site is on a gentle slope, the construction sites will be prepared with cutting and spread
foundations will be constructed on the prepared ground.
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Ministry of Petroleum
National Iranian Oil Company
Islamic Republic of Iran
Subsidiary Companies
Subsidiary Companies
Subsidiary Companies
Subsidiary Companies
Source: MoP WEB Site
The new facilities which are forecasted in this study are the combined cycle power plant which
will use natural gas as the main fuel. So, the National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC) is the most
relevant in this study. The organization of NIGC is shown in Fig. 4-2.
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Chaharmahal Mazandaran
Bushehr Semnan
East Azarbaijan South Khorasan
Golestan Sistan& Balochestan
Isfahan Tehran
Gilan West Azarbaijan
Fars Zanjan
Kerman Yazd
Hamedan Hormozgan
Ilam Ardebil
Kermanshah
Khoozestan
Khorasan razavi
Kordestan
Lorestan
North Khorasan
Qazvin
Qom Total 29 Companies
Markazi
Fajr
Bid Boland
Hashemi
Parsian
South Pars
Sarkhoon & Qeshm
Ilam Total 7 Companies
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According to NIGC’s website, NIGC has subsidiary companies having various roles. The gas
facilities are managed and operated by each provincial company. Shahid Rajaee Power Station
which is the subject of this study is located in Qazvin, so Qazvin Province Gas Company is in
charge of the gas supply management for the power station. And Iranian Gas Transmission
Company which is in charge of the gas transmission separates the company for each area to
manage. The areas are shown in the following figure. Tehran and Qazvin province is located in
Area III.
Area #VIII
Qazvin
Tehran
Area #IX
Area #III
Area #VII
Area #IV
Area #II
Area #I
Area #V
Area #VI
Area #X
1
http://naftema.com/news/44769/
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250.0
200.0
Natural Gas Production
[billion cubic meters]
150.0
100.0
50.0
-
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017
Fig. 4-4 Trend of Natural Gas Production in Iran
The natural gas production in 2016 was more than 200 billion cubic meters which is 5.7 % of
the world gas production (No.3 in the world). But the natural gas consumption in Iran reached
5.7 % of the world gas consumption (No.4 in the world), so Iran is importing gas from
Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan during the winter season which is the highest gas demand season.
The natural gas is mainly using for power generation, industry (petrochemical and so on),
consumers, and gas injection for oil fields. The natural gas consumption by 2016 in Iran is
shown in Fig. 4-5.
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250.0
200.0
Natural Gas Consumption
[billion cubic meter]
150.0
100.0
50.0
-
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017
Fig. 4-5 Trend of Natural Gas Consumption
After around 1990, production and consumption expanded rapidly in Iran. Also the proven
reserves expanded with production and consumption by the development of natural gas mining
technology, etc. According to BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017, the proven reserves
of Iran in 2016 reached 18 % of the world share (No.1 in the world). The proven reserves of
natural gas are shown in Fig. 4-6.
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40.0
35.0
The Proved Reserves of Natural Gas
30.0
[Trillion cubic meters]
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
Although Iran is one of the world’s leading countries in gas development, it does not export
much natural gas. In 2016, annual natural gas exports by pipeline remained at 8.4 billion cubic
meters. Even so, Iran is grabbing the whole world’s attention as a new natural gas development
country due to the high potential for natural gas development.
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Fig. 4-7 Major Gas Fields (in red) and Oil Field (in green) in and around the Persian Gulf
Gas pipelines in Iran are classified by supply area into ten large groups. Subsidiaries of the
Iranian Gas Transmission Company manage gas distribution in their respective service areas.
The major gas pipelines called Iran Gas Trunklines (IGATs) are literally the trunks of the gas
pipeline network and gas is distributed from the trunk lines to the entire country. Some IGATs
are used for exporting natural gas.
2
A workshop held on 30th March 2017 organized by IGU
Session 2 ; Regional gas industry issues and opportunities – The Future of Gas in the Middle East
Natural Gas Industry in I.R.IRAN – Past, Present, Future ; H.E. Amir Hossein Zamaninia, Deputy
Petroleum Minister in International Affairs & Trading (Iran)
http://www.igu.org/news/igu-executive-committee-workshop
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Armenia Azerbaijan
EU Turkey
Turkmenistan
Tehran
Afghanistan
Iraq
Kuwait
Pakistan
India
China
Oman
UAE
Source: Reference materials distributed in the IGU Executive Committee Workshop in 2017, Figure
prepared by the Study Team
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In the gas facilities, there are treatment facilities as indicated in Fig.4-10, that carry out heating,
pressure reducing, and filtering. There are four lines, No.1 and No.2 belong to the existing
steam PP, and No.4 belongs to the existing GTCC. Line No.3 of four lines is a spare line, and it
is not used currently. The condition of each gas is shown in Table 4-2. The spare line is installed
in parallel to No.1 and No.2 lines, and it is closed by a blind flange in the existing steam PP.
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Heater
Pressure
Control
Filter
These gas supplies are decided by the application which indicates gas supply conditions and is
requested from TPPH to the province gas company. According to TPPH, the generating
company applies to the gas company to supply the quantity of gas necessary for generation, and
the gas company supplies the gas in accordance with the application. Even if the gas supply
capacity or ability is not enough with the existing facilities, the province gas company extends
the gas facility at the gas company’s responsibility. According to TPPH, the flow of fuel supply
application is shown in below.
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NIGC
4 months
Decision
Coordination Committee;
Approval of Fuel and Efficiency
Member; MOP (Planning Department) and NIGC
Representative
Every two(2) months
MOE/TPPH
Receive Approval
Source: TPPH
Fig. 4-11 Flow of Application for Fuel Supply
First, TPPH will plan and design for executing project. On the planning, the project site, the amount
of requested fuel, and commercial operating date are usually focused. Then, TPPH will issue the
application document to NIGC as formal application. In the application, the efficiency, the power
output, the technology which is H or J class gas turbine combined cycle power plant in case of this
project will be written as addition on above executing plan.
MOP is holding the fuel coordination committee once in 2 months. The committee judges whether it
is an efficient project deserving fuel supply and decides whether to supply fuel. The planning
department of MOP and the representative of NIGC will attend the committee. The results of the
committee will be announced to MOE and TPPH within 3 months from the application. As a result
of the committee, if fuel supply is available, it will be approved in about 1 month after the
announcement.
4.3.2 Gas Oil Facilities
The existing gas oil facilities are located to north-east of the existing GTCC. The gas oil is
supplied by truck and pipeline. First, the gas oil is stored in the primary gas oil tank. Then the
gas oil is transferred to the secondary gas oil tank by an oil pump.
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The storage capacity of teach primary tank in the existing gas oil facilities is 20,000 m3. In the
case of secondary gas oil tanks, there is one 20,000 m3 capacity tank and three 30,000 m3
capacity tanks in the gas oil facility area. According to TPPH, the power station should have a
back-up fuel storage facility that can store back-up fuel for 5 days (depending on the facility).
Secondary
Gas Oil Tank (No.6, 7)
Secondary Heavy Oil Tank
Gas Oil Tank (No.1, 2) (for Steam PP)
Unloader
Primary
Gas Oil Tank (No.3, 4, 5)
Transfer Pump House
Existing GTCC
Table 4-3 The Annual Usage of Gas Oil from 2012 to 2016 (the Existing GTCC)
Unit No. 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1 GT1 Gas 167 124 137 172 180
Oil 53,210 73,253 50,275 50,902 29,123
GT2 Gas 164 140 133 190 189
Oil 78,742 79,200 35,039 36,298 38,293
2 GT1 Gas 154 137 136 159 189
Oil 37,295 71,845 76,353 27,375 31,972
GT2 Gas 148 89 182 212 167
Oil 64,486 26,325 41,513 28,375 32,569
3 GT1 Gas 145 125 130 180 175
Oil 53,115 87,875 26,080 32,613 27,224
GT2 Gas 153 139 148 171 193
Oil 55,815 75,234 76,789 23,468 40,530
Gas: Million cubic meters, Oil: tons
Source: created by JICA study team
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Specifically to carry out power flow calculation, fault current calculation, and transient stability
simulation for interconnection of the Shahid Rajaee thermal power plant to the existing power
system.
(2) Voltage
【N-0 Criterion】 To confirm that each bus voltage is kept within the allowable voltage
(Normal Condition) range
・Bus voltage:Within 0.95~1.05[P.U.]
【N-1 Criterion】 To confirm that each bus voltage is kept within the allowable voltage
(A single fault condition) range
・Bus voltage:Within 0.90~1.05[P.U.]
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△ω:Rotation Speed
δ:Speed Droop
K:Gas turbine power fraction
Tn:Time constant
Pmech:Machine output command
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Source: Obtained from Google Earth, and prepared by JICA Study Team
New power plant connection to 400kV existing New power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee
steam substation through two-circuit 400kV steam-Vardavard transmission line
transmission line
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-5 Shahid Rajaee new plant connection scenario and location
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Table 5-2 Three-phase short circuit current(Pre and post new generator interconnection)
【New power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation through two-circuit
400kV transmission line】
Pre-connection Post-connection
Voltage
Substation Name Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
(kV)
ANARAN 400 19.5 12.2 19.6 12.2
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 29.5 12.9 29.5 12.9
BAGHESTAN 400 25.4 14.7 25.9 14.8
BOO 400 16.7 13.7 16.8 13.6
DASHTABI 400 31.9 13.5 33.5 13.7
GILAN 400 17.4 14.6 17.5 14.6
JALAL 400 38.1 19.1 38.2 19
MEHR 400 22.2 13.2 25.4 10.5
MEHR 230 25.4 10.5 22.2 13.2
MINODAR 400 17.0 11.2 17.3 11.2
N-SH.RAJAII(S) 400 55.9 18.7 61.8 20.3
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 55.0 18.7 60.3 20
NGS_GILAN 230 44.7 13.4 44.8 13.3
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.3 20.3 34.5 20.2
ROUDSHOUR 400 49.5 19.3 50.1 19.3
RUDSHUR 400 48.6 19.4 49.2 19.4
NEW P/S 400 - - 61.5 20.2
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 21.7 12.3 21.7 12.3
UNIT SAVE 400 31.2 15.7 31.3 15.7
VARDAVARD 400 43.7 16.8 44.9 16.8
ZIARAN 400 43.2 16.0 45.7 16.4
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
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Table 5-3 Three-phase short circuit current (Pre and post new generator interconnection)
【New power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard transmission line】
Pre-connection Post-connection
Voltage
Substation Name Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
(kV)
ANARAN 400 19.5 12.2 19.6 12.2
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 29.5 12.9 29.5 12.9
BAGHESTAN 400 25.4 14.7 25.9 14.8
BOO 400 16.7 13.7 16.8 13.6
DASHTABI 400 31.9 13.5 33.4 13.7
GILAN 400 17.4 14.6 17.5 14.6
JALAL 400 38.1 19.1 38.2 19.0
MEHR 400 22.2 13.2 22.2 13.2
MEHR 230 25.4 10.5 25.4 10.5
MINODAR 400 17.0 11.2 17.3 11.2
N-SH.RAJAII(S) 400 55.9 18.7 61.7 20.2
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 55.0 18.7 60.2 20.0
NGS_GILAN 230 44.7 13.4 44.8 13.3
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.3 20.3 34.5 20.2
ROUDSHOUR 400 49.5 19.3 50.1 19.3
RUDSHUR 400 48.6 19.4 49.2 19.4
NEW P/S 400 - - 56.6 19.6
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 21.7 12.3 21.7 12.3
UNIT SAVE 400 31.2 15.7 31.3 15.7
VARDAVARD 400 43.7 16.8 44.9 16.8
ZIARAN 400 43.2 16.0 45.6 16.3
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
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Table 5-4 Single-phase short-circuit current (pre and post new generator interconnection)
【New power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation through two-circuit 400kV
transmission line】
Pre-connection Post-connection
Voltage
Substation Name Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
(kV)
ANARAN 400 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7
BAGHESTAN 400 17.5 17.5 17.8 17.8
BOO 400 15.6 15.6 15.7 15.7
DASHTABI 400 25.1 25.1 26.4 26.4
GILAN 400 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9
JALAL 400 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7
MEHR 400 15.9 15.9 21.7 21.7
MEHR 230 21.7 21.7 15.9 15.9
MINODAR 400 11.6 11.6 11.8 11.8
N-SH.RAJAII(S) 400 54.2 54.2 63.0 63.0
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 53.1 53.1 60.4 60.4
NGS_GILAN 230 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.5 34.5 34.7 34.7
ROUDSHOUR 400 45.4 45.4 45.8 45.8
RUDSHUR 400 45.4 45.4 45.8 45.8
NEW P/S 400 - - 62.6 62.6
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 22.1 22.1 22.1 22.1
UNIT SAVE 400 29.7 29.7 29.8 29.8
VARDAVARD 400 35.7 35.7 36.5 36.5
ZIARAN 400 36.1 36.1 38.2 38.2
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
5-10
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-5 Single-phase short-circuit current (pre and post new generator interconnection)
【New power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard transmission line】
Pre-connection Post-connection
Voltage
Substation Name Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
(kV)
ANARAN 400 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7
BAGHESTAN 400 17.5 17.5 17.8 17.8
BOO 400 15.6 15.6 15.7 15.7
DASHTABI 400 25.1 25.1 26.4 26.4
GILAN 400 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9
JALAL 400 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7
MEHR 400 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9
MEHR 230 21.7 21.7 21.7 21.7
MINODAR 400 11.6 11.6 11.8 11.8
N-SH.RAJAII(S) 400 54.2 54.2 62.4 62.4
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 53.1 53.1 60.0 60.0
NGS_GILAN 230 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.5 34.5 34.7 34.7
ROUDSHOUR 400 45.4 45.4 45.8 45.8
RUDSHUR 400 45.4 45.4 45.8 45.8
NEW P/S 400 - - 55.8 55.8
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 22.1 22.1 22.1 22.1
UNIT SAVE 400 29.7 29.7 29.8 29.8
VARDAVARD 400 35.7 35.7 36.5 36.5
ZIARAN 400 36.1 36.1 38.1 38.1
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
5-11
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-12
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-13
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(1) Bus-splitting at new power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation through
two-circuit 400kV transmission line
2 4
G G
Shahid Rajaee
(S)
Loshan
Vardavard
Minoodar
Ziaran
Baghestan
Shahid Rajaee
(CC)
Existing Rajaee
steam units G Dashtabi
New Shahid
Rajaee units
G
Roudshor Mehr
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-10 Bus-splitting in Rajaee steam substation for fault current reduction
(2) Bus-splitting at new power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard transmission
line
Shahid 4 2
Rajaee G G
(S)
New Shahid Rajaee
Loshan
Vardavard
Minooda
Ziaran
Shahid Baghestan
Rajaee
(CC)
5-14
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Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-6 Three-phase short circuit current (after the bus splitting operation measures
execution)
【New power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation through two-circuit
400kV transmission line】
Pre-splitting Post- splitting
Voltage
Substation Name Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
(kV)
ANARAN 400 19.6 12.2 19.5 12.2
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 29.5 12.9 29.5 12.9
BAGHESTAN 400 25.9 14.8 25.9 14.8
BOO 400 16.8 13.6 15.9 14.1
DASHTABI 400 33.5 13.7 30.1 14.0
GILAN 400 17.5 14.6 17.2 14.9
JALAL 400 38.2 19 38.1 19.1
MEHR 400 25.4 10.5 22.2 13.2
MEHR 230 22.2 13.2 25.4 10.5
MINODAR 400 17.3 11.2 15.4 11.5
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-1 400 61.8 20.3 49.5 19.5
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-2 400 61.8 20.3 35.8 16.5
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 60.3 20 49.3 19.5
NGS_GILAN 230 44.8 13.3 44.6 13.4
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.5 20.2 34.5 20.2
ROUDSHOUR 400 50.1 19.3 49.5 19.5
RUDSHUR 400 49.2 19.4 48.6 19.6
NEW P/S 400 61.5 20.2 35.7 16.5
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 21.7 12.3 21.7 12.3
UNIT SAVE 400 31.3 15.7 31.2 15.7
VARDAVARD 400 44.9 16.8 44.7 16.8
ZIARAN 400 45.7 16.4 45.0 16.2
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
5-15
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-7 Three-phase short circuit current (after the bus splitting operation measures
execution)
【New power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard transmission line】
Pre-splitting Post- splitting
Voltage
Substation Name Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
(kV)
ANARAN 400 19.6 12.2 19.6 12.1
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 29.5 12.9 29.5 12.9
BAGHESTAN 400 25.9 14.8 25.8 14.9
BOO 400 16.8 13.6 15.5 14.0
DASHTABI 400 33.4 13.7 28.0 15.3
GILAN 400 17.5 14.6 17.1 14.9
JALAL 400 38.2 19.0 38.1 19.0
MEHR 400 22.2 13.2 22.2 13.2
MEHR 230 25.4 10.5 25.4 10.5
MINODAR 400 17.3 11.2 14.6 11.2
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-1 400 61.7 20.2 43.0 23.1
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-2 400 61.7 20.2 29.8 13.5
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 60.2 20.0 43.3 22.9
NGS_GILAN 230 44.8 13.3 44.4 13.4
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.5 20.2 34.5 20.2
ROUDSHOUR 400 50.1 19.3 49.9 19.1
RUDSHUR 400 49.2 19.4 49.0 19.2
NEW P/S 400 56.6 19.6 41.2 22.5
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 21.7 12.3 21.7 12.3
UNIT SAVE 400 31.3 15.7 31.3 15.6
VARDAVARD 400 44.9 16.8 44.7 16.6
ZIARAN 400 45.6 16.3 31.8 13.6
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
5-16
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-17
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-18
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-8 Single-phase short-circuit current(after the bus splitting operation measures
execution)
【New power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation through two-circuit
400kV transmission line】
Pre-splitting Post- splitting
Voltage
Substation Name Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
(kV)
ANARAN 400 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7
BAGHESTAN 400 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8
BOO 400 15.7 15.7 15.1 15.1
DASHTABI 400 26.4 26.4 24.1 24.1
GILAN 400 15.9 15.9 15.8 15.8
JALAL 400 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7
MEHR 400 21.7 21.7 15.8 15.8
MEHR 230 15.9 15.9 21.7 21.7
MINODAR 400 11.8 11.8 10.7 10.7
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-1 400 63.0 63.0 48.2 48.2
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-2 400 63.0 63.0 33.5 33.5
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 60.4 60.4 48.0 48.0
NGS_GILAN 230 45.2 45.2 45.1 45.1
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.7 34.7 34.7 34.7
ROUDSHOUR 400 45.8 45.8 45.3 45.3
RUDSHUR 400 45.8 45.8 45.4 45.4
NEW P/S 400 62.6 62.6 33.5 33.5
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 22.1 22.1 22.1 22.1
UNIT SAVE 400 29.8 29.8 29.7 29.7
VARDAVARD 400 36.5 36.5 36.3 36.3
ZIARAN 400 38.2 38.2 37.7 37.7
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
5-19
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-9 Single-phase short-circuit current(after the bus splitting operation measures
execution)
【New power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard transmission line】
Pre- splitting Post- splitting
Voltage
Substation Name Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
(kV)
ANARAN 400 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7
BAGHESTAN 400 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8
BOO 400 15.7 15.7 14.7 14.7
DASHTABI 400 26.4 26.4 23.4 23.4
GILAN 400 15.9 15.9 15.7 15.7
JALAL 400 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7
MEHR 400 15.9 15.9 15.8 15.8
MEHR 230 21.7 21.7 21.7 21.7
MINODAR 400 11.8 11.8 9.8 9.8
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-1 400 62.4 62.4 45.3 45.3
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-2 400 62.4 62.4 22.0 22.0
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 60.0 60.0 45.2 45.2
NGS_GILAN 230 45.2 45.2 45.0 45.0
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.7 34.7 34.7 34.7
ROUDSHOUR 400 45.8 45.8 45.6 45.6
RUDSHUR 400 45.8 45.8 45.6 45.6
NEW P/S 400 55.8 55.8 42.7 42.7
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 22.1 22.1 22.1 22.1
UNIT SAVE 400 29.8 29.8 29.8 29.8
VARDAVARD 400 36.5 36.5 36.3 36.3
ZIARAN 400 38.1 38.1 24.9 24.9
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
5-20
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-21
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-22
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5.2.4 Result of Power Flow and Voltage after the Bus Splitting operation measures
(2cct and π connection)
In the following case scenario for Peak and Light demand, it was confirmed that the power flow
and the voltage is in the tolerance or less after bus splitting operation measures.
(1)New power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation through two-circuit 400kV
transmission line(Peak Load)
(2)New power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation through two-circuit 400kV
transmission line(Light Load)
(3)New power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard transmission line(Peak Load)
(4)New power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard transmission line(Light
Load)
(1)New power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation through two-circuit 400kV
transmission line(Peak Load)
・Voltage:0.99~1.03P.U.
・Power Flow:within rated capacity of all facilities
Table 5-10 Voltage of new power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation
through two-circuit 400kV transmission line(Peak Load)
5-23
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-11 Power Flow of new power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation
through two-circuit 400kV transmission line(Peak Load)
5-24
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-25
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(2)New power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation through two-circuit 400kV
transmission line(Light Load)
・Voltage:1.00~1.05P.U.
・Power Flow:within rated capacity of all facilities
Table 5-12 Voltage of new power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation
through two-circuit 400kV transmission line(Light Load)
5-26
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-13 Power Flow of new power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation
through two-circuit 400kV transmission line(Light Load)
5-27
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-28
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(3)New power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard transmission line(Peak Load)
・Voltage:0.98~1.03P.U.
・Power Flow:within rated capacity of all facilities
Table 5-14 Voltage of new power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard
transmission line(Peak Load)
5-29
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-15 Power Flow of new power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard
transmission line(Peak Load)
5-30
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-31
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(4) New power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard transmission line(Light
Load)
・Voltage:1.00~1.05P.U.
・Power Flow:within rated capacity of all facilities
Table 5-16 Voltage of new power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard
transmission line(Light Load)
5-32
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-17 Power Flow of new power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard
transmission line(Light Load)
5-33
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-34
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5.2.5 Result of Steady state/Transient stability calculation after the bus splitting
operation measures execution(2cct and π connection)
In the case scenario of 1-1~1-9 and 2-1~2-9, it was confirmed that the generator around
Shahid Rajaee area is able to be continued stable, and it is acceptable from Steady
state/Transient Stability study perspective.
・1:New power plant connection to 400kV existing steam substation through two-circuit
400kV transmission line(Peak Load and Light Load)
・2:New power plant connection to 400kV Rajaee steam-Vardavard transmission line(Peak
Load and Light Load)
5-35
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-20 1-1 The outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit (Peak Load)
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-21 1-1 The outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit(Light Load)
5-36
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Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
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(3)1-2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing steam generator unit(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-22 1-2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing steam generator unit(Peak Load)
(4)1-2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing steam generator unit(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-23 1-2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing steam generator unit(Light Load)
5-37
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
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(5)1-3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing combined generator unit(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-24 1-3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing combined generator unit(Peak Load)
(6) 1-3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing combined generator unit(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-25 1-3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing combined generator unit(Light Load)
5-38
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
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(7)1-4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line (Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-26 1-4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100miliseconds(Peak Load)
(8)1-4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line (Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-27 1-4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100miliseconds(Light Load)
5-39
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Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
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(9)1-5Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kVRajaee Steam-Vardavard transmission line (peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
EPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-28 1-5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Vardavard transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Peak Load)
(10)1-5Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kVRajaee Steam-Vardavard transmission line (Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-29 1-5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Vardavard transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Light Load)
5-40
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(11)1-6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line (Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-30 1-6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Peak Load)
(12)1-6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line (Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-31 1-6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds (LightLoad)
5-41
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(13)1-7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-32 1-7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Peak Load)
(14)1-7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-33 1-7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Light Load)
5-42
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(15)1-8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-34 1-8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Peak Load)
(16)1-8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-35 1-8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Light Load)
5-43
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(17)1-9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-36 1-9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Peak Load)
(18)1-9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-37 1-9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseco(Light Load)
5-44
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(19)2-1 The outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit (Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-38 2-1 The outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit (Peak Load)
(20)2-1 The outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit (Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-39 2-1 The outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit(Light Load)
5-45
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(21)2-2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing steam generator unit (Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-40 2-2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing steam generator unit (Peak Load)
(22)2-2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing steam generator unit (Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-41 2-2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing steam generator unit (Light Load)
5-46
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(23)2-3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing combined generator unit (Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-42 2-3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing combined generator unit (Peak Load)
(24)2-3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing combined generator unit (Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-43 2-3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee existing combined generator unit (Light Load)
5-47
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(25)2-4Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-44 2-4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100miliseconds (Peak Load)
(26)2-4Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-45 2-4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100miliseconds (Light Load)
5-48
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(27)2-5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant- Vardavard transmission line(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-46 2-5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant- Vardavard transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100miliseconds (Peak Load)
(28)2-5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant- Vardavard transmission line(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-47 2-5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant- Vardavard transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100miliseconds(Light Load)
5-49
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(29)2-6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-48 2-6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Peak Load)
(30)2-6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-49 2-6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Light Load)
5-50
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(31)2-7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-50 2-7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Peak Load)
(32)2-7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-51 2-7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Light Load)
5-51
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(33)2-8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-52 2-8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Peak Load)
(34)2-8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-53 2-8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Light Load)
5-52
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(35)2-9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-54 2-9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds(Peak Load)
(36)2-9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-55 2-9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100miliseconds (Light Load)
5-53
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5.2.6 Result of power system frequency calculation after generator unit outage
In the case scenario of the outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit, it is confirmed that the
system frequency is 49.52Hz.
49.98 49.90
49.92 49.77
49.85 49.65
49.79 49.52
49.72 49.39
0 12.8 25.6 38.4 51.2 64 0 7.0 14.0 21.0 28.0 35
【S】 【S】
・Minimum frequency:49.737Hz—9.5s ・Minimum frequency:49.422Hz—11.2s
・Final frequency:49.822Hz—57.5s ・Final frequency:49.520Hz--34.4s
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-56 System Frequency of the outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit
5-54
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Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Source: Obtained from Google Earth, and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-57 System connection method of new generator
5-55
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-19 Three-phase short circuit current(pre and post new generator interconnection)
【2π connection(Shahid Rajaee(S)~Vardavard, Shahid Rajaee(CC)~Baghestan)】
Pre-connection Post-connection
Voltage
Substation Name Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
(kV)
ANARAN 400 19.5 12.2 19.6 12.2
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 29.5 12.9 29.5 12.9
BAGHESTAN 400 25.4 14.7 26 14.8
BOO 400 16.7 13.7 16.8 13.6
DASHTABI 400 31.9 13.5 33.6 13.7
GILAN 400 17.4 14.6 17.5 14.6
JALAL 400 38.1 19.1 38.2 19
MEHR 400 22.2 13.2 22.2 13.2
MEHR 230 25.4 10.5 25.4 10.5
MINODAR 400 17.0 11.2 17.3 11.2
N-SH.RAJAII(S) 400 55.9 18.7 61.7 20.2
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 55.0 18.7 60.8 20.1
NGS_GILAN 230 44.7 13.4 44.8 13.3
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.3 20.3 34.5 20.2
ROUDSHOUR 400 49.5 19.3 50.1 19.3
RUDSHUR 400 48.6 19.4 49.2 19.4
NEW P/S 400 - - 59.8 20
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 21.7 12.3 21.7 12.3
UNIT SAVE 400 31.2 15.7 31.3 15.7
VARDAVARD 400 43.7 16.8 44.9 16.8
ZIARAN 400 43.2 16.0 45.6 16.3
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
5-56
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Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-57
The Islamic Republic of Iran
Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
Table 5-20 Single-phase short-circuit current (pre and post new generator interconnection)
【2πconnection(Shahid Rajaee(S)~Vardavard, Shahid Rajaee(CC)~Baghestan)】
Voltage Pre-connection Post-connection
Substation Name
(kV) Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
ANARAN 400 14.3 14.3 14.3 14.3
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7
BAGHESTAN 400 17.5 17.5 17.9 17.9
BOO 400 15.6 15.6 15.7 15.7
DASHTABI 400 25.1 25.1 26.6 26.6
GILAN 400 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9
JALAL 400 37.7 37.7 37.7 37.7
MEHR 400 15.9 15.9 15.9 15.9
MEHR 230 21.7 21.7 21.7 21.7
MINODAR 400 11.6 11.6 11.8 11.8
N-SH.RAJAII(S) 400 54.2 54.2 62.4 62.4
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 53.1 53.1 61.3 61.3
NGS_GILAN 230 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.5 34.5 34.7 34.7
ROUDSHOUR 400 45.4 45.4 45.8 45.8
RUDSHUR 400 45.4 45.4 45.8 45.8
NEW P/S 400 - - 59.9 59.9
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 22.1 22.1 22.1 22.1
UNIT SAVE 400 29.7 29.7 29.8 29.8
VARDAVARD 400 35.7 35.7 36.5 36.5
ZIARAN 400 36.1 36.1 38.1 38.1
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
5-58
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Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
5-59
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Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
Final Report
(1) Bus-splitting at new power plant connection to 400kV 2Bus-splitting at Shahid Rajaee(S)~
Vardavard,Shahid Rajaee(CC)~Baghestan)
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Preparatory Survey on the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant Construction Project
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Table 5-21 The three-phase short-circuit current after the bus splitting operation measures
execution 【2π connection(Shahid Rajaee(S)~Vardavard, Shahid Rajaee(CC)~
Baghestan)】
Voltage Pre-splitting Post- splitting
Substation Name
(kV) Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
ANARAN 400 19.6 12.2 19.5 12.2
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 29.5 12.9 29.4 12.9
BAGHESTAN 400 26 14.8 25.8 14.9
BOO 400 16.8 13.6 15.3 14.3
DASHTABI 400 33.6 13.7 28.2 14.8
GILAN 400 17.5 14.6 17.0 15.1
JALAL 400 38.2 19 38.1 19.1
MEHR 400 22.2 13.2 22.1 13.2
MEHR 230 25.4 10.5 25.4 10.5
MINODAR 400 17.3 11.2 14.3 11.6
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-1 400 61.7 20.2 43.5 21.0
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-2 400 61.7 20.2 27.8 14.9
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 60.8 20.1 43.8 21.1
NGS_GILAN 230 44.8 13.3 44.4 13.4
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.5 20.2 34.5 20.3
ROUDSHOUR 400 50.1 19.3 49.1 19.8
RUDSHUR 400 49.2 19.4 48.3 19.9
NEW P/S 400 59.8 20 43.5 21.0
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 21.7 12.3 21.7 12.3
UNIT SAVE 400 31.3 15.7 31.1 15.8
VARDAVARD 400 44.9 16.8 44.8 16.8
ZIARAN 400 45.6 16.3 30.7 14.5
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
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Table 5-22 Single-phase short-circuit current after the bus splitting operation measures
execution
【2π connection(Shahid Rajaee(S)~Vardavard, Shahid Rajaee(CC)~Baghestan)】
Voltage Pre-splitting Post- splitting
Substation Name
(kV) Ikss (kA) X/R Ikss (kA) X/R
ANARAN 400 14.3 14 14.3 14.3
ANJIRAK-ARAK 400 23.7 23 23.7 23.7
BAGHESTAN 400 17.9 17 17.8 17.8
BOO 400 15.7 15 14.7 14.7
DASHTABI 400 26.6 26 23.4 23.4
GILAN 400 15.9 15 15.6 15.6
JALAL 400 37.7 37 37.7 37.7
MEHR 400 15.9 15 15.8 15.8
MEHR 230 21.7 21 21.7 21.7
MINODAR 400 11.8 11 10.1 10.1
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-1 400 62.4 62 44.4 44.4
N-SH.RAJAII(S)-2 400 62.4 62 24.8 24.8
NGS-SH.RAJAII(C.C) 400 61.3 61 45.0 45.0
NGS_GILAN 230 45.2 45 44.9 44.9
NG_DAMAVAND 400 34.7 34 34.7 34.7
ROUDSHOUR 400 45.8 45 45.1 45.1
RUDSHUR 400 45.8 45 45.2 45.2
NEW P/S 400 59.9 59 44.7 44.7
TOSE'E SHAZAND 230 22.1 22 22.1 22.1
UNIT SAVE 400 29.8 29 29.6 29.6
VARDAVARD 400 36.5 36 36.4 36.4
ZIARAN 400 38.1 38 26.3 26.3
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
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5.3.3 Result of Power Flow and Voltage after Bus Splitting operation measures(2π
connection)
In the following case scenario for Peak and Light demand, it was confirmed that the power flow
and the voltage is in the tolerance or less after bus splitting operation measures.
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Table 5-24 Power flow of new power plant connection to 400kV 2π connection(Shahid
Rajaee(S)~Vardavard, Shahid Rajaee(CC)~Baghestan)after bus splitting
operation(Peak Load)
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Table 5-26 Power flow of new power plant connection to 400kV 2π connection(Shahid
Rajaee(S)~Vardavard, Shahid Rajaee(CC)~Baghestan) after bus Splitting operation
(Light Load)
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5.3.4 Result of Steady state/Transient stability calculation after the bus splitting
operation measures execution(2π connection)
In the case scenario of 1~15, it was confirmed that the generator around Shahid Rajaee area is
able to be continued stable, and it is acceptable from Steady state/Transient Stability study
perspective.
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TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-65 1 The outage of Shahid Rajaee new unit (Peak Load)
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-66 1 The outage of Shahid Rajaee new unit (Light Load)
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(3)2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee exsiting steam unit (Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-67 2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee exsiting steam unit (Peak Load)
(4)2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee exsiting steam unit (Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-68 2 The outage of Shahid Rajaee exsiting steam unit (Light Load)
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(5)3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee exsiting C.C. unit (Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-69 3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee exsiting C.C. unit (Peak Load)
(6)3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee exsiting C.C. unit (Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-70 3 The outage of Shahid Rajaee exsiting C.C. unit (Light Load)
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(7)4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100 miliseconds(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-71 4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Peak Load)
(8)4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100 miliseconds(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-72 4 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Light Load)
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(9)5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee C.C transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100 miliseconds(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-73 5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee C.C transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Peak Load)
(10) 5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee C.C transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100 miliseconds(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-74 5 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Rajaee C.C transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Light Load)
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(11)6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant- Vardavard transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100 miliseconds(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-75 6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant- Vardavard transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Peak Load)
(12) 6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant- Vardavard transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100 miliseconds(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-76 6 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant- Vardavard transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Light Load)
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(13)7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Baghestan transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100 miliseconds(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-77 7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Baghestan transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Peak Load)
(14) 7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Baghestan transmission line and the outage of transmission line after
100 miliseconds(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-78 7 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Shahid Rajaee new power plant-Baghestan transmission line and the outage of
transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Light Load)
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(15)8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-79 8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
(16) 8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-80 8 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Minoodar transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
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(17) 9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Peak
Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-81 9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
(18) 9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Light
Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-82 9 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Ziaran transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
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(19)10 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Peak
Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-83 10 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line and the outage of transmission line
after 100 miliseconds(Peak Load)
(20) 10 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-84 10 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Loshan transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
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(21)11 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-85 11 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
(22) 11 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-86 11 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee Steam-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
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(23)12 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-87 12 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
(24) 12 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-88 12 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Roudshour transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
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(25)13 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Mehr transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Peak
Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-89 13 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Mehr transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
(26) 13 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Mehr transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Light
Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-90 13 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Mehr transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
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(27)14 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Dashtabi transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Peak
Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-91 14 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Dashtabi transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
(28) 14 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Dashtabi transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100 miliseconds(Light
Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-92 14 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C-Dashtabi transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
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(29)15 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C- Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-93 15 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C- Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Peak Load)
(30) 15 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C- Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
Generator Output Generator Internal Angle Generator Bus Voltage
TEPSCO-G1, Active Power, MW SH-RAJAII(2), Rotor Angle, deg TEPSCO, Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Reactive Power, MVar SH-RAJAII(3), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(1), Voltage, P.U.
SH-RAJAII(4), Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(S), Voltage, P.U.
TEPSCO-G1, Rotor Angle, deg SH-RAJAII(C.C), Voltage, P.U.
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-94 15 Three-phase short circuit fault in 400 kV Rajaee C.C- Rajaee Steam transmission line and the outage of transmission line after 100
miliseconds(Light Load)
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5.3.5 Result of power system frequency calculation after generator unit outage(2π
connection)
In the case scenario of the outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit, it is confirmed that the
system frequency is 49.52Hz.
49.98 49.90
49.92 49.77
49.85 49.65
49.79 49.52
49.72 49.39
0 12.8 25.6 38.4 51.2 64 0 7.0 14.0 21.0 28.0 35
【S】 【S】
・Minimum frequency:49.737Hz—9.5s ・Minimum frequency:49.422Hz—11.2s
・Final frequency:49.822Hz—57.5s ・Final frequency:49.520Hz--34.4s
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
Fig 5-95 System Frequency of the outage of Shahid Rajaee new generator unit
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Table 5-28 Three short circuit current and Single-phase short-circuit current 【kA】
After bus
Before bus splitting
splitting
Pre
Power station and substation
Configuration interconnection Post interconnection of new
name
of new generator
generator
3LG 1LG 3LG 1LG 3LG 1LG
Shahid Rajaee exiting steam
55.9 54.2 61.8 63.0 49.5 48.2
power station (S-1)
existing substation Shahid Rajaee exiting steam
- - - - 35.8 33.5
through two-circuit power station (S-2)
Shahid Rajaee exiting
55.0 53.1 60.3 60.4 49.3 48.0
combined power station (CC)
Shahid Rajaee exiting steam
55.9 54.2 61.7 62.4 43.0 45.3
power station (S-1)
Vardavard
Shahid Rajaee exiting steam
transmission line - - - - 29.8 22.0
power station (S-2)
πconnection
Shahid Rajaee exiting
55.0 53.1 60.2 60.0 43.3 45.2
combined power station (CC)
25connection Shahid Rajaee exiting steam
55.9 54.2 61.7 62.4 43.5 44.4
・Shahid Rajaee(S) power station (S-1)
~Vardavard Shahid Rajaee exiting steam
- - - - 27.8 24.8
・Shahid power station (S-2)
Rajaee(CC)~ Shahid Rajaee exiting
55.0 53.1 60.8 61.3 43.8 45.0
Baghestan combined power station (CC)
Source: calculated by JICA Study Team
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○Result of Calculation
・Power Flow:Within 100%【within 100% of rated capacity】
・Voltage:0.98~1.05P.U.【0.95~1.05P.U.】
・Steady state stability/Transient stability:Stable【Not step-out of generator】
・System Frequency:49.52Hz【49.5Hz or higher】
(3)Conclusion
We carry out the power system analysis calculation for interconnecting the Shahid Rajaee new
power plant (640 MW×2) to the existing 400kV power system. As a result, the fault current of
the three-phase short circuit and the Single-phase short-circuit current exceeds 50 kA pre and
post new generator interconnection. Therefore the bus splitting should be done in Shahid
Rajaee Steam 400kV switchyard, in order to reduce the short circuit level.
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Three plans out of these combination plans have been studied. Plan 1 is combination of a power
plant “B” and a new switching station. Plan 2 is combination of a power plant “B” and the existing
switching station. Plan 3 is combination of a power plant “A” and the existing switching station.
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As other towers are suspension tower, existing transmission lines could not be divided
between towers to connect outgoing lines to the grid. Therefore, lines to the grid shall be
connected to the dividable transmission line between tower number 7 and tower number 8,
which are tensile towers.
The outgoing line will be connected to each circuit of the existing 400kV transmission lines
after dividing the lines. Power system analysis has proved that no troubles occur on transmitting
capacity, power flow and accidental short-circuit current after connection to the grid.
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In plan 2 and Plan 3, as the power plant is connected to the existing 400kV switching station,
connection to the grid is not necessary. In these cases also, it is proved that no troubles occur on
transmitting capacity and others.
As for number of feeder at the switching station, the outgoing feeder is four circuits with
considering grid reliability at failure and the generator feeder is two circuits same as number of
generators.
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The Iranian unit price indicated by TPPH is applied to the estimation for all products and
construction prices including labor charge except the 400kV XLPE cable.
A lifetime of substation equipment is assumed fifty (50) years and the overhaul inspection will
be carried out every twenty-five (25) years. As the existing 400kV switching station already
passed twenty-five (25) years without being operated even once since construction, the
remaining lifetime would be twenty-five (25) years.
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Under current Iranian regulations, any structure is not permitted to build within fourteen (14)
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meter from 400kV transmission line due to Right of Way (ROW). The distance between 400kV
lines is twenty (20) meter as for a standard of 400kV overhead transmission line design in Iran.
It is forbidden to construct a structure within a width of forty-eight (48) meter near a 400kV
transmission line. Therefore, the buildings which are scheduled to be underneath the 400kV
transmission line shall be relocated.
We could obtain the Iranian cost for dismantling, transferring and re-constructing the office
buildings through TPPH’s cooperation.
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Under these conditions, Life Cycle cost shall be estimated for each plan.
0.14 0.14 - - -
25yrs (MUSD)
Running
Replacement Cost
Cost
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5.5.8 Conclusion
1. As the candidate site “A” in plan 3-1 is not the sufficiently available land to construct a power
plant, it is difficult to layout efficiently the power plant. Therefore, this plan will not be
recommended for the reason.
2. As for Plan 2-1 and 2-2, difficulty would occur against emergency response due to the long
distance between a power plant and a 400kV switching station. These plans will not be
recommended for the reason.
3. From a cost and operating point of view, Plan 1-1 would be recommended as the most
suitable plan.
Plan 1-1: the power plant ”B”, the new 400kV switching station, overhead connection from the
power plant ”B” to the new 400kV switching station, overhead connection from the new 400kV
switching station to the grid
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The power-generating capacity of the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant is 1,000 MW (250 MW x 4
units) at its steam power plants and 1,042 MW(347MW×3 units1) at its combined cycle power
plant.
Source: Obtained from Google Earth, and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-1 Location of Project Site
1
One unit of 347MW is composed of 123.4MW×2 units of gas turbine and 100.6MW×1 unit of steam turbine.
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The energy sector accounts for 90% of the total greenhouse gas emissions, of which the power
generation fields such as thermal power plants are emitting 20% of the total.
In establishing the INDC target, the increasing demand for electric power associated with
economic growth is considered as BAU scenario, and then the following measures are provided
in the field of power generation in order to achieve the target. The introduction of a combined
cycle power plant is cited as one of the measures2.
- By 2030 a wind power plant of 6,000 MW and a hydroelectric power plant of 18,700 MW
will be installed.
- Increase the share of the high-efficiency combined cycle power plant with a thermal
efficiency of about 45% from 27.5% in 2015 to 54.3% in 2025. (Improvement of open
cycle gas turbine or new construction of combined cycle power plant)
- Installation of a 2,000 MW nuclear power plant.
The estimated greenhouse gas emission reduction in Iran is approximately 210 million t-CO2
per year in 2030, of which the contribution of the power generation field including thermal
power plant will be more than 30% of the total reduction, approximately 60 million t-CO2 per
year. Implementation of reduction measures through thermal power generation is therefore
important for achieving the goal.
In this regard, the Iranian Department of Energy etc. indicated their intention to promote the
introduction of low-environmental-impact gas combined cycle power generation facilities
instead of conventional steam power generation facilities in the future development of new
power sources.
Based on the situation above, this Project relates to the construction of two units of new
combined cycle power generation units with the maximum output of 640 MW within the site of
the existing Shahid Rajaee Power Plant.
The power plant has approximately 60% of power efficiency (generating end output, LHV base),
and meets the criteria for the 500MW-class combined cycle listed in BAT (Best Available
Technology, February 2017) released by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and Ministry of
the Environment in Japan.
It will adopt the technology enabling minimum fuel consumption per output and lower emission
of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
It is also planned to newly construct gas pressure reducing facilities, gas switch stations, etc.,
within the same site.
The combined-cycle power plant generates electricity using both gas turbine and steam turbine,
to thereby use less water compared to the conventional power generation using steam turbine
only.
For intake of raw water, it is planned to use ground water taken from water wells, two within
the project site and five outside of the site.
For the power plant facilities under planning, a dry-type forced-draft direct cooling system will
be introduced, which does not use water resulting in reduction of total water intake and large
scale groundwater intake will not be undertaken.
2
「Islamic Republic of Iran Intended Nationally Determined Contribution」(2015),「Iran's Third National
Communication to UNFCCC, Chapter 3: National GHGs Mitigation Policies Energy」(2015)
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The planned amount of water intake is about 300m3 / day at the maximum, which is only 1.6%
of the permitted water intake amount at existing power plants, 19,000 m3/day, and can
sufficiently cope with the pumps used at the existing wells. A new water intake permission will
not be necessary.
The amount of wastewater discharged from the power plant is about 360m3 / day at the
maximum, and it will be entirely stored in the reservoir installed within the power plant site
after treatment to reuse for watering such as greening.
No river is located near the power plant site, and in case of temporary increase of waste water,
during periodic inspection for example, and at the same time in the winter when water-reuse is
smaller and the capacity of the reservoir is exceeded, wastewater from the power plant may be
discharged into the adjacent irrigation canals, as is the case of the existing facility
.
The layout of the existing Shahid Rajaee Power Plant and the planned new power generation
units is shown below. The new power generation units will be established in the location of
Plan-B, using the open area in the east of the existing power plant.
Source: Obtained from Google Earth, and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-2 Layout of Shahid Rajaee Power Plant and Planned New Power Generation Units
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Source: obtained from Google Earth and prepared by JICA Study Team
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In addition, gas fuel to be used for power generation will be supplied from the gas pressure
reducing facilities currently in use for the existing power plant through a new pipeline
(approximately 200m) to be installed in the existing pipeline installation area outside the site.
Also, light oil will be supplied from the light oil tank installed for the existing power plant via a
pipeline planned to be newly constructed within the site.
No river is found in the area around the existing power plant, and excess wastewater which
cannot be reused is discharged to nearby irrigation water canals for agriculture in the
surrounding area.
The nearest natural conservation area is the Bashgol Protected Area (25,334ha) located in an
area at about 68 km distance from south-east of the existing power plant.
The nearest residential area is a small Asghabad village located about 1.5 km to its north and
there is no residential area nearer to the power plant.
Qazvin City (population 400 - 500 thousand people) is located about 20 km away from the site.
As for the surrounding land use, the south side is mainly agricultural land, and corn, melon,
watermelon, vegetables, etc. are cultivated.
The waste water from the existing power plant which cannot be reused, for sprinkling in winter
for example, is stored in the adjacent agricultural canal, and will be used in the surrounding
farmland in the coming spring.
An agreement was made on the regional contribution between the existing Shahid Rajaee Power
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Station and the local community, noting that waste water is provided to the surrounding farmers
as agricultural water in compensation for using groundwater for power plants,.
Since there is no river nearby, fishery is not implemented around the power plant.
Gas fuel is normally used in the existing power plant. In winter, in case natural gas supply is not
sufficient, heavy oil fuel is used in the steam power plant and light oil is used in the combined
cycle power plant, mixed with natural gas in certain cases. In consequence, pollution
concentration varies depending on the fuel used.
The monitoring result of the pollution concentration of exhaust gas from the existing power
plant is shown in Table 6-1 and Table 6-2.
In the steam power plant, NOx concentration often exceeds the emission standard, and SOx also
exceeds the standard value several times in the case of burning heavy oil.
Also in the combined cycle power plant, NOx concentration does not meet the emission
standard in several cases and SOx also exceeds the standard value several times in the case of
burning light oil.
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Table 6-1 Monitoring Result of the Exhaust Gas from the Existing Steam Power Plant
Steam power plant Emission gas standard of Iran
Date Parameter Unit
No1 No2 No3 No4 (Grade-2)(mg/Nm3)
2016.03.12 Fuel - Mix (Gas/Heavy oil) Mix (Gas/Heavy oil) Mix (Gas/Heavy oil) Mix (Gas/Heavy oil) Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm 1057 - 1040 1549 200 800 150
NOx mg/Nm3 613 - 613 676 300 400 250
2016.06.09 Fuel - Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm 0 0 0 0 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm 475 503 438 623 300 400 250
2016.08.28 Fuel - Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
SOx mg/Nm3 0 0 0 0 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm 493 707 805 585 300 400 250
2016.11.24 Fuel - - Heavy oil Heavy oil Heavy oil Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm - 741 644 468 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm - 170 161 185 300 400 250
2017.02.21 Fuel - Mix (Gas/Heavy oil) Mix (Gas/Heavy oil) - Mix (Gas/Heavy oil) Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm 359 144 - 194 200 800 150
NOx mg/Nm3 201 171 - 202 300 400 250
2017.05.30 Fuel - Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
SOx mg/Nm3 0 0 0 0 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm 249 128 170 585 300 400 250
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2017.08.22 Fuel - Heavy oil Heavy oil Heavy oil Heavy oil Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm 316 281 300 558 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm 80 160 189 175 300 400 250
2017.11.20 Fuel - - - Gas Gas Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm - - 0 0 200 800 150
NOx mg/Nm3 - - 297 299 300 400 250
2018.03.05 Fuel - Gas Mix (Gas/Heavy oil) Gas - Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
SOx mg/Nm3 0 59 0 - 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm 280 296 249 - 300 400 250
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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Table 6-2 Monitoring Result of the Exhaust Gas from the Existing Combined Cycle Power Plant
Combined Cycle PP 1 Combined Cycle PP 2 Combined Cycle PP 3 Emission gas standard of Iran
Date Parameter Unit
GT No1 GT No2 GT No3 GT No4 GT No5 GT No6 (Grade-2)(mg/Nm3)
2016.03.12 Fuel Mix (Gas Mix (Gas Mix (Gas Mix (Gas Mix (Gas Mix (Gas
- Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
/Diesel oil) /Diesel oil) /Diesel oil) /Diesel oil) /Diesel oil) /Diesel oil)
SOx mg/Nm3 174 - 146 169 - - 200 800 150
NOx mg/Nm3 295 - 271 326 - - 300 400 250
2016.06.09 Fuel - Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm 0 0 0 0 3 0 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm 244 224 242 275 348 424 300 400 250
2016.08.28 Fuel - Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
SOx mg/Nm3 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm 253 193 238 232 299 444 300 400 250
2016.11.24 Fuel - - - Diesel oil Diesel oil Diesel oil Diesel oil Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm - - 7 35 18 23 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm - - 176 126 171 125 300 400 250
2017.02.21 Fuel - Diesel oil Diesel oil - - Diesel oil Diesel oil Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm 3 31 - - 12 11 200 800 150
NOx mg/Nm3 147 150 - - 115 140 300 400 250
2017.05.30 Fuel - Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
SOx mg/Nm3 0 0 0 0 3 0 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm 123 134 188 124 163 123 300 400 250
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Combined Cycle PP 1 Combined Cycle PP 2 Combined Cycle PP 3 Emission gas standard of Iran
Date Parameter Unit
GT No1 GT No2 GT No3 GT No4 GT No5 GT No6 (Grade-2)(mg/Nm3)
2017.08.22 Fuel - Gas Diesel oil Gas Diesel oil Diesel oil Gas Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm 0 31 0 27 16 0 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm 140 130 121 103 207 80 300 400 250
2017.11.20 Fuel - Gas Gas - Gas - Gas Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
3
SOx mg/Nm 0 0 - 0 - 0 200 800 150
NOx mg/Nm3 168 137 - 159 - 174 300 400 250
2018.03.05 Fuel - Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas - Gas Heavy oil Diesel oil
SOx mg/Nm3 0 0 0 0 3 - 200 800 150
3
NOx mg/Nm 123 134 188 124 163 - 300 400 250
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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Table 6-3 Monitoring Result of Waste Water from the Existing Power Plant
Item Monitoring results(mg/l)
Day/month/year Waste water standards of
30/5/2017 22/8/2017 20/12/2017 5/3/2018 Iran (Discharged to surface
water for using agriculture
and irrigation) (mg/l)
JICA Study Team also conducted the water quality measurement of the treated waste water
using reused water at the sprinkler and water at the discharge channel within the project site.
The result as shown Table 6-4 indicates that the effluent standard of Iran is well satisfied.
Cadmium ND ND 0.05
Chloride 36 86 600
Mercury ND ND Negligible
Lead ND ND 1
Sulfite 0.01 1.341 1
Oil and grease ND ND 10
BOD ND ND 100
COD ND 3 200
Total Suspended
ND ND 100
Solids
pH 7.5 7.6 6-8.5
Note: ND indicates “under limit of detection”.
Source: prepared by the Study Team
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Both PM10 and PM2.5 are well below the environmental quality standard in Iran. The
measurement of NO2 and SO2 has not been conducted.
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(4) Noise
Noise level measurement has also been conducted every three months at eight locations around
the boundary of the power plant site shown in Figure 6-4, similar to the air quality measurement,
by the consultant registered and authorized by DOE.
Table 6-6 shows the result of the noise monitoring within the existing power plant site. The
noise level is below the environmental quality standard in Iran.
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(5) Waste
The overview of the waste treatment system in the existing power plant is shown in Table 6-7.
Concerning hazardous waste, sludge and waste oil generated from waste water treatment is sold
for recycle, and other hazardous waste including sludge from waste water treatment,
incineration ash from the boiler and oily mud are landfilled within an anti-seepage pit
authorized by the Department of Environment (DOE) and built in the site.
Hazardous waste was disposed of in the past at the disposal site in Booin Zahra City 90km away
from the project site, but today they are disposed of in the pit within the project site.
As for general waste, paper and iron scrap is sold to the specialized recycle operator, and
residual food of the power plant staffs
is composted and reused for fertilizer.
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Table 6-7 Overview of the waste treatment system in the existing power plant
Non hazardous Waste paper, can, bin Paper, can, bin Recycle by Selling
Non hazardous Solid domestic waste Solid domestic waste Recycle
Non hazardous Food waste Remains of food Compost
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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The basic law for environmental protection in Iran is the “Environmental Protection and
Enhancement Act (1982)” which was issued in 1974 and revised in 1982.
The Department of Environment is the government body responsible for application and
enforcement of the above Act and other environmental protection laws and regulations.
Laws Iran has in relation with environmental protection are as follows:
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A flow of EIA procedures in Iran is shown in Figure below. The number of date for the review is
not specified in the Decree cited above. According to TPPH, based on what they experienced in
the past, it takes at least about three months from when an EIA report is submitted until the
Department of Environment issues EIA approval, since the review by the technical committee
and the committee for the final review take long time.
Risk assessment is considered an important item, and a detailed safety analysis method, which
is normally not required in the EIA in other countries, is required for the gas supply facility and
the combustion facility, which are not a subject in the F/S report by the Study Team. In this
regard, an additional period for implementing risk assessment will be necessary based on F/S
report by employing a consultant. In consequence, TPPH considers that it will take
approximately one year for obtaining the approval from DOE after receiving F/S report from the
Study Team.
The monitoring reports during construction and operation phase (including working safety
report) will be submitted every month to DOE, and will be examined by the monitoring
committee consisting of DOE and TPPH.
The local government having the jurisdiction for this project is the Qazvin Provincial
Government.
In Iran, although disclosure of information to the general public, explanatory meetings for
residents, etc., in relation to EIA reports are not defined in the EIA procedures, the EIA report
will be disclosed in Persian language at the state and provincial DOE.
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6.3.4 Gap between JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations and
Iran’s Environment-related Legal System
When implementing surveys on environmental and social considerations for this project, it is
required that the “JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations” (April 2010)
(hereinafter referred to as the “JICA Guidelines”) and environment-related laws of Iran be
followed.
A comparison was made between the JICA Guidelines and the EIA system in Iran as shown in
Table below. As the result of the comparison, it was found that Iran does not define disclosure of
information, explanatory meetings for residents, etc., in relation to EIA reports, and therefore it
is planned in this project to disclose information and then to hold stakeholder meetings at the
phases of scoping and Draft EIA in the course of this Study.
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Table 6-8 Comparison of Key Environmental and Social Consideration Items provided
respectively in the JICA Guidelines and Iran’s EIA-related Legal System
Existence of gap and
Items JICA Guidelines EIA system in Iran
how to cope with it
Basic issues In the implementation of the In a major There is no significant
project, the survey and the development project, gap.
examination of the the implementation of
environmental and social the EIA survey in the
impact of the project shall be stage of feasibility
conducted in the planning study (F/S) is
stage of the project in order to required.
consider the alternative or the Concerning the
mitigation measure to prevent negative impact of the
or minimize the impact and to project, the
reflect the findings in the development of
project plan. mitigation measure,
alleviation measure,
and controlling
measures is
stipulated.
Information EIA reports shall be disclosed No related provision is Since there is a gap, the
Disclosure to all local stakeholders, in place. result of scoping and
residents, etc. Also, the reports EIA summary reports
shall be disclosed on the JICA will be disclosed to
web site. stakeholders who are
considered relevant,
prior to explanatory
meetings for residents,
during this preparatory
survey. In addition, the
same will be disclosed
to participants of
explanatory meetings.
Participation Information on the Project No related provision is Since there is a gap,
of residents shall be disclosed to project in place. stakeholder meetings
proponents and discussions will be held at the
with local residents and phases of scoping and
stakeholders (particularly with Draft EIA during this
local residents who can be preparatory survey, to
affected directly) shall be offer explanation
encouraged. concerning the
In the case of category A necessity of
projects, project proponents development, predicted
shall make an explanation to negative environmental
local residents and and social impacts,
stakeholders at an early stage analytical results of
about the necessity of alternative plans, etc.
development, predicted
negative environmental and
social impacts, and analytical
results of alternative plans.
In the case of category A
projects, explanatory meetings
for local residents shall in
principle be held twice in total,
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It is planned to disclose information and offer explanation concerning the outline of the Project
to leaders of local communities located near the power plant (those who have an executive
position called “Shora” in the society of Iran) prior to explanatory meetings for residents as well
as to invite them to such explanatory meetings. Residential areas near the power plant by
information disclosure are shown in Figure below.
Source: obtained from Google Earth and prepared d by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-6 Residential Areas Closely Located to Power Plant for which Information will be
Disclosed prior to Explanatory Meetings for Residents
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Iran and IFC/WB EHS guideline values which the JICA Guidelines refer to are discussed. In
this project, it is necessary to satisfy both the environmental standards of Iran and IFC/WB EHS
guideline values, and therefore it is planned to ensure compliance with the stricter guidelines or
standards of these two.
In the IFC/WB EHS guidelines, it is specified that “in the basic, pollutant concentration in
ambient air does not exceed the environmental standard value of the host country. In addition, as
a general rule, this Guideline stipulates that the contribution concentration of the project
emission shall not exceed 25 %of the air quality standards of the host country in consideration
of the impact from the existing facilities and the surrounding facilities.”
In this project, the height of stacks, etc., will be determined so that contribution concentration
shall be below 25% of the air quality standards in Iran.
Table 6-9 Ambient Air Quality Standards of Iran and International Organization
Standards of IFC/WB EHS guideline
Pollutant Averaging time
Iran(µg/m3) values (µg/m3)
CO 1 hour 40,000 -
8 hours 10,000 -
SO2 1 hour 196 500 (guideline):10 min.
value
24 hours 395 125 (interim target 1)
50 (interim target 2)
20 (guideline)
NO2 1 hour 200 200 (guideline)
Annual average 100 40 (guideline)
PM10 24 hours 150 150 (interim target)
100 (interim target 2)
75 (interim target 3)
50 (guideline)
Annual average - 70 (interim target 1)
50 (interim target 2)
30 (interim target 3)
20 (guideline)
PM2.5 24 hours 35 75 (interim target 1)
50 (interim target 2)
37.5 (interim target 3)
25 (guideline)
Annual average - 35 (interim target 1)
25 (interim target 2)
15 (interim target 3)
10 (guideline)
O3 8 hours 148 160 (interim target 1)
100 (guideline)
Annual average 12
Source:•Air Pollution Prevention Executive Regulation (2016)、IFC/WB Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS)
Guidelines、General (2007)
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In wintertime when a large amount of water for sprinkling is not needed, treated wastewater will
be discharged into the irrigation canal for use in agriculture in the local area.
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The vibration standard value is not established either in Iran or in IFC/WB EHS Guideline
which is adopted in EU and other major industrialized countries.
The vibration standard in Japan is shown in Table 6-13 for information in impact estimation.
In Iran, the regulation standard for odor related to chemicals, which is the cause of odor
produced in the process in the power plant, factories, etc.
In this project, since a desulfurization system using malodorous ammonia is not installed, other
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chemicals generating malodor as well, generation of malodor is not predicted, and consequently
the international environmental standard for malodor of Japan and other western countries is not
described.
Malodor resulting from domestic waste (garbage) may be generated, but the standard value and
other regulation in this regard is not established in Japan and other industrialized countries.
(5) Waste
In Iran, waste management is regulated under the Waste Management Act enacted in 2004. In
the 1955 Municipality Act, the roles of local governments in management of waste and
prevention of industrial pollution are regulated
Under the Labour Law, regulation of safety standards related to work, arrangement of required
equipment, confirmation of training and compliance status, periodic health checks, monitoring
of accident and diseases, etc. are stipulated in Chapter4 Working Safety and Sanitation, Article
85 to 106.
Various technical safety standards are established for each business type by the Safety High
Council composed of related organizations including Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare,
Ministry of Industry, Environment Bureau, etc. and approved by Ministry of Social Welfare.
The major technical safety standards regarding the power plant includes:
- Standard related to environmental protection promotion law
- Standard related to air purification law
- Regulation regarding the allocation of safety inspection personnel
- Fire-fighting regulations
- Regulations regarding personal gears
- Regulations regarding safety sign
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The existing Shahid Rajaee Power Plant has been aging and it cannot meet the present gas
emission standards,
Land preparation in the vacant lot of the site has been completed and it is not a woodland,
farm land, or residential area,
It is not necessary to install new transmission lines, and
The total length of gas pipeline to be newly installed is short.
Detailed examination has not been made of other sites to construct the planned new power plant,
because, as described below, when compared with the candidate site in the existing power plant,
it will not be possible to construct the new plant in any other area in a short period of time.
A new piece of land will need to be obtained and prepared for construction work,
It will take longer time, and
It will be necessary to newly install transmission lines and a gas pipeline.
The two locations within the site of the Shahid Rajaee Power Plant (Plan A and Plan B) were
comparatively examined and the result is shown in the table below. Both of the plans are
conducted within the existing power plant site with only a poor ecosystem, and no land
acquisition is necessary.
The two plans have no significant difference in view of environmental and social considerations.
The Plan B has advantage in view of construction work and heat efficiency, and the selection
will conducted through consultation with the project proponent and the stakeholders.
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Source: Obtained from Google Earth, and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-7 Candidate Project Sites
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Natural gas has advantage in easy fuel supply, no need for development of the related
infrastructure, and less emission of SOx, dust, and CO2 into ambient air, and thus is selected as
fuel in the project.
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At the first stakeholder meeting, many of the participants showed concern about the impact of
the project on water consumption for daily life and agriculture, and in that view, the
consideration of the dry-type cooling system for condenser cooling system was presented for its
minimum water consumption.
As a result of the consideration, it was found that a natural-draft indirect cooling system needs
certain amount of water in summer, and TPPH expressed their intension to select the
forced-draft direct cooling system in this view. In consequence, the forced-draft cooling system
is adopted in this project.
The explanation of the result was provided at the second stakeholder meeting and the
participants showed no particular concern on this result. The final decision will be made based
on the result of the stakeholder meeting.
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The electricity generated by this project is planned to be transmitted using the existing 400 kV
transmission line and new transmission line will not be constructed.
The pipeline for fuel supply is installed within the existing pipeline site only for 300m, and land
acquisition and resident resettlement do not occur. The impact during construction phase is also
insignificant; and there is no item to be added to this draft scoping.
Negative
Positive
Positive
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Assessment
Constructi Operation
on period period
No Item Reasons of assessment
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
subsidence will be studied during the survey.
Operation phase: There is a possibility that land subsidence occurs
temporarily, because the project will take ground water. Impact on land
subsidence will be studied during the survey.
7 Odor D B D B During construction: The construction work will generate general waste
and hazardous waste like waste oil.
During operation: General waste and hazardous waste like sludge and
waste oil will also be generated during operation.
8 Substratum D D D D During construction and operation: The project will not discharge waste
contamination water to the river; therefore, no particular impact on substratum
contamination is expected.
【Natural environment】
1 Wild life D D D D During construction and operation: The project site is not located in
preservation area designated protected area. There is no such protected area nearby.
2 Terrestrial D B D B During construction and operation: The project site is already developed.
ecosystems and rare The flora and fauna observed within the project area includes several
species herbaceous species and rodents species, which are commonly seen in the
wide area around the site, and no precious species are observed. Therefore,
the direct impact of land alteration will be insignificant. Air pollution, noise
and vibration impact during construction and operation may affect growth of
flora and behavior of fauna; however, the impact will be only temporary and
limited, since the area around the project site is bare land and agricultural
land with dry ecosystem, not rich in biodiversity.
3 River ecosystems D D D D During construction and operation: The project will not take river water.
and rare species The project will not also discharge wastewater to the river.
4 River hydrology D D D D During construction and operation: The project will not take river water.
5 Underground D C D C During construction and operation: There is a possibility that ground
hydrology water level decreases, because the project will intake ground water. Current
ground water level will be studied during the survey.
6 Topography and D D D D During construction and operation: The project site is within the existing
geology power plant boundary; therefore, no impact is expected.
【Social environment】
1 Resettlement and D D D D Before construction: The project site is located within the existing power
Land acquisition plant boundary; therefore, local people will not be resettled.
2 Poor people D D D D Before construction: The project site is located within the existing power
plant boundary; therefore, the impact on poor people is not predicted.
During construction and operation: No particular impact on poor people
is expected.
3 Ethnic minorities D C D C Before construction: The project site is located within the existing power
plant boundary; therefore, the impact on ethnic minorities is not predicted.
During construction and operation: A further survey on ethnic minorities
will be conducted, since land use of the surrounding areas of the project site
by minorities is not well known at this moment.
4 Local economy B D B D Before construction: The project site is located within the existing power
including plant boundary; therefore, the impact on employment and means of
employment and livelihood is not predicted.
means of livelihood .
During construction and operation: There is a possibility that local people
may be employed as workers by the power station or that procurement of
materials and equipment may be done in the local area resulting in the
improvement of the local economy.
5 Land use and D D D D Before construction: The project site is located within the existing power
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No Item Reasons of assessment
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
utilization of local plant boundary; therefore, the impact on land use and utilization of local
resources resources is not predicted.
.
During construction and operation: The factors of giving impact on land
use and utilization of local resources will not be anticipated.
6 Water use N C D C During construction:
D The temporary impact on the surrounding ground water use may be
expected due to intake of ground water by the project. A further survey will
be conducted to find out the current situation of ground water use.
Domestic waste water from workers, waste water from concrete and
oil-containing waste water will be generated and temporary impact on water
quality of discharge channel and water use is anticipated. A further survey
will be conducted to find out the current situation of irrigation water use.
During operation phase:
The impact on the surrounding ground water use may be expected due to
intake of ground water by the project. A further survey will be conducted to
find out the current situation of ground water use.
Domestic waste water, waste water from plant and oil-containing waste
water will be generated, and temporary impact on water quality of discharge
channel and water use is anticipated, if not appropriately treated before
discharge. A further survey will be conducted to find out the current situation
of irrigation water use.
7 Existing social D D D D During construction and operation: There are Qazvin with population of
infrastructure and 400 thousand near the project site, which have accommodation facilities and
social service social infrastructure including medical facility, school, sewage and road;
therefore, no impact of inflow of workers is expected.
8 Social bodies D D D D Before construction: The project site is located within the existing power
including plant boundary; therefore, the impact on l society-related capitals and social
society-related organizations that make local decisions is not predicted.
capitals and social .
organizations that During construction and operation: No particular impact on social bodies
make local including society-related capitals and social organizations that make local
decisions decisions is expected.
9 Unfair distribution D B D B Before construction: The project site is located within the existing power
of damage and plant boundary; therefore, the unfair distribution of damage and benefit is
benefit not predicted..
During construction and operation: If employing local people and/or
outsourcing contracts are not fair, benefit may be unfairly distributed.
10 Conflict of interests D B D D Before construction: The project site is located within the existing power
within the local area plant boundary; therefore, conflict of interests within the local area will not
occur.
During construction: Conflict between local residents and construction
workers coming from outside may occur, if workers from outside do not
understand local custom.
During operation: Conflict between local residents and construction
workers will not occur, because not many workers from outside is expected
to be hired.
11 Cultural heritage D D D D During construction and operation: The project site is a land developed
for the existing power plant, and there are no historical, cultural and/or
religious heritages in the project site.
12 Scenery D C D C During construction and operation: The project site is located within the
existing power plant, so that impact by structures like construction cranes,
stacks and cooling towers will be limited. The survey of the scenic points of
the surrounding sites will be conducted.
13 Gender D C D C Before construction: The project site is located within the existing power
plant boundary; therefore, disadvantage for women will not occur.
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Constructi Operation
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No Item Reasons of assessment
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
During construction and operation: No particular impact on gender is
expected.
The occupational situation etc. in the nearest residential area will be
confirmed by the questionnaire / interview survey currently being conducted
and the influence / evaluation on gender will be specified.
14 Rights of children D B D D Before construction: The project site is located within the existing power
plant boundary; therefore, impact on children’s right will not occur.
During construction:
Since construction work requires many workers, there is the possibility that
many children are hired and drop out of school. Under the Labor Law of the
country, employment of minors under the age of 15 is prohibited, and TPPH
strictly prohibits child labor, including EPC contractors.
During operation: Children will not be hired for simple labor by power
plant during operation phase.
15 HIV/AIDS and D B D D During construction: Inflows of foreign workers may spread this sort of
other infectious infectious diseases.
diseases During operation: Large number of inflows of foreign workers is not
expected; therefore, spreading infectious diseases is not expected to occur.
16 Work environment D B D B During construction: There is a temporary and relatively high possibility of
(including labor accident caused by construction activities.
safety) During operation: There is a possibility of labor accident.
【Other】
1 Accident D B D B During construction: Accidents may occur during construction work and/or
operation of vehicles.
During operation: Accidents may occur during operation of facilities
and/or vehicles.
2 Impact across the D D D B During construction: Construction activity will generate CO2, but emission
borders and on volume is low and only during construction period; therefore, no impact
climatic change across the borders and on climate change is expected.
During operation: Operation of the power station will generate CO2.
However, impact across the borders and on climate change will be smaller
than the conventional thermal power plant of the similar capacity.
Note) Categories are classified as follows:
A: There will be a serious impact.
B: There will be a certain impact.
C: The extent of impact will be uncertain. (A further survey will be needed to make the expected impact clear.)
D: Impact will hardly be expected.
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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In order to predict environmental impacts and minimize such impacts, it is necessary to collect
and organize information on the present state. The information collection on the natural
environment, data on climate, ambient air quality, water quality, terrestrial biota, etc., will be
conducted basically from existing documents and through interview surveys targeting at
concerned parties and, if necessary, site surveys will also be carried out.
In addition, for air quality and noise, the monitoring results of existing power plants will be
referred, and for animals and plants, the survey conducted at the development of the site will be
referred to improve efficiency
To obtain information on the social environment, data on the social environment (such as land
use, land transport, hygiene and sanitation, demographics, education, social infrastructure,
income and occupation), scenic areas, cultural heritage, ethnic minorities, etc., will be collected
from existing documents and through interview surveys targeting at concerned parties.
In addition, stakeholder meetings will be held to provide information on the project and to
collect opinions.
Table 6-19 Survey Items, Methods, Predicted Impact and Assessment Policy
Survey
Item Survey range Survey method Predicted assessment policy
item
Air quality - Related Within 30km - Obtaining air quality standards - During construction, the implementation
environmental radius. and exhaust fume standards of appropriate air pollution control
standards The existing - Obtaining meteorological data measures will be checked.
- Meteorological power plant from neighboring - During operation, the compliance with
information site meteorological station the emission gas concentration standards
- Current situation of (temperature, humidity, wind will be ensured according to the
air pollution direction, wind speed. etc.) provision of the emission standard of
- Collecting existing measured Iran and IFC/WB EHS Guidelines.
data of air pollutants in the - The project will simulate atmospheric
atmosphere (SO2, NO2, PM10, diffusion of pollutant in exhaust gas
etc.) within the existing power during operation using internationally
plant and the surrounding area adopted model. In addition to the new
and measuring baseline data in facility, the cumulative impact of the
the surrounding area. existing facility and the new facility is
also simulated, based on the monitoring
result of the existing facility. The result
is examined, with view of the current
status of pollution, to ensure compliance
with the emission standard according to
the provision of the emission standard of
Iran and IFC/WB EHS Guidelines..
Water - Related Within 15km - Obtaining water quality - During construction, the implementation
turbidity environmental radius. standards and waste water of appropriate measures to control water
standards The existing standards. pollution will be checked.
- Current conditions of power plant - Collecting existing measured - The project will comply with the
water quality site data on surface water and discharge standards of Iran and IFC/WB
ground water (temperature, EHS Guidelines for domestic waste
BOD, nutrient salt, etc.) and water and waste water from the power
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Survey
Item Survey range Survey method Predicted assessment policy
item
measuring baseline data. plant, by installing waste water treatment
facilities.
Waste and - Related standards The existing - Obtaining standards related to - The plan for disposal of hazardous
Odor power plant waste handling. waste will be checked, including
site contract with a licensed company to
collect and treat it, with view of the
current implementation status in the
existing facility.
- Domestic waste will be appropriately
treated and disposed of.
Soil - Nothing in particular The existing - Nothing in particular - During construction and operation, the
contamination power plant project will check appropriate measures
site to control oil leakage for respective
phase.
Noise and - Related Within 3km - Obtaining noise standards - During construction and operation, the
vibration environmental radius. - Checking the result of the implementation of appropriate measures
standards The existing monitoring of the existing to control noise and vibration will be
- Current situations of power plant power plant and measurement checked.
noise and vibration site of the baseline data of the - Conducting noise simulation to ensure
surrounding area. compliance with the noise standards
stipulated by Iran and IFC/WB EHS
Guidelines, with view to the monitoring
result of the existing facility.
Terrestrial - Habitat status of Within 15km -Examination of the existing - During construction and operation: The
ecosystem vegetation, reptiles, radius. documents and hearing from implementation of appropriate prevention
and rare amphibians, birds and The existing DOE.
measures against air pollution and
species mammals power plant - Observation of the survey data
site collected at the development noise/vibration will be checked.
of the existing power plant.
Ethnic -Presence / absence of Within 15km - Collecting information on - In the cases where impacts on ethnic
minorities ethnic minority, ethnic radius. ethnic minorities through minorities are assumed, appropriate
name, number of hearing with the relevant explanation on the project and
people, their organizations and experts. environmental social impact / mitigation
characteristics measures will be provided.
Land - Current situations of Within 15km - Collecting existing measured - Examining impacts on groundwater
subsidence, land subsidence. radius. data level, land subsidence and irrigation
hydrology - underground water The existing water by groundwater intake and water
(ground level power plant discharge. The appropriate mitigation
water), Water site measures, if needed, will be checked.
use
Local - Current situations of Within 15km - Collecting material on - The appropriateness of the employment
economy jobs and livelihood radius. situations of employment and policy of local people will be checked.
including - Local economic The existing income in the area - The fairness of the employment criteria
employment development power plant will be checked.
and means of programs site
livelihood,
Unfair
distribution of
loss and
benefit,
Conflict of
interests
within the
local
area ,Gender,
Rights of
children
Scenery - Current situations of Within 15km - Collecting information on - If the project is likely to cause impact to
scenic spots radius. scenic spots a scenic spot, the implementation of an
The existing appropriate mitigation measures will be
power plant checked.
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Survey
Item Survey range Survey method Predicted assessment policy
item
site
HIV/AIDS - Nothing in particular The existing - Nothing in particular - During construction, the development of
and other power plant appropriate labor health program will be
infectious site checked.
diseases
Work - Nothing in particular The existing - Nothing in particular - During construction and operation, the
environment power plant project will prepare labor safety
(including site programs.
labor safety)
Accident - Nothing in particular - - Nothing in particular - During construction and operation, the
development of appropriate accident
prevention and accident response plans
will be checked.
Impact across - Estimating CO2 - - Estimating CO2 generation - During construction, the implementation
the borders generation volumes of volumes based on fuel of appropriate measures to reduce CO2
and on the project consumption volumes and generation volumes as necessary will be
climatic power generation efficiency. checked.
change - During operation, the implementation of
appropriate monitoring of fuel type and
fuel consumption volume will be
checked.
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
By reviewing collected information for each of the environmental items identified in the
scoping process, prediction and evaluation will be made on adverse impacts on the natural and
social environment that will possibly be generated during the construction and operation start
periods.
It is fundamental to develop mitigation measures to reduce such impacts as much as possible.
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a) Temperature
According to the data from Qazvin meteorological station, the annual average temperature of
Qazvin is 14.1 degrees centigrade, with the average annual high temperature of 21.2 degrees
centigrade and the average annual low temperature of 6.8 degrees centigrade.
Qazvin is one of the coldest regions in Iran with an average monthly high temperature of 28
degrees centigrade and average monthly low temperature of 5 degrees centigrade (Fig. 6-9).
The highest daily temperature reaches 44.0 degrees centigrade from June to August, whereas
the lowest daily temperature is as low as -28.0 degrees centigrade in January.
b) Precipitation
The average monthly precipitation in site indicates that summer tends to be dry with little rain,
while 70 % of precipitations are concentrated in autumn and winter (Fig. 6-11).
c) Humidity
Monthly average humidity is high in autumn and winter, approximately 55% to 75%, and is
lower in summer around 35 % (Fig. 6-10).
d) Solar radiation
Monthly average solar radiation is concentrated in summer (June-August), 80,000cal/cm2,
and is less in winter, about one-third of summer season (Fig. 6-12).
The occurrence of “calm” referring to wind speed below 0.5m/s(1kt)is 44%. For wind speed
over 0.5m/s, 2-3m/s (4-6 kt) occurs most frequently. High wind exceeding 6m/s(11kt)
appears less than 1% throughout the year, mainly in winter (January to March).
As described in Chapter 3.2.5, the Instantaneous maximum wind speed sometimes reaches
38.9m/s.
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20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
0 1 2 3 4 5 Nov Dec
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-9 Monthly Average Air Temperature at Qazvin Meteorological Station in 2014~2017
2014
75
2015
2016
65 2017
average humidity(%)
55
45
35
25 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
0 1 2 3 4 5 Nov Dec
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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45
35
25
15
‐5 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
0 1 2 3 4 5 Nov Dec
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-11 Monthly Average Precipitation at Qazvin Meteorological Station
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
0 1 2 3 4 5 6Nov Dec
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-12 Monthly Average Solar Radiation at Qazvin Meteorological Station
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(13:30) (19:30)
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(January) (February)
(March) (April)
Fig. 6-14 Average Wind Direction and Speed at Qazvin Meteorological Station from 1959 to
2017 (January~April)
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(May) (June)
(July) (August)
Fig. 6-15 Average Wind Direction and Speed at Qazvin Meteorological Station from 1959 to
2017 (May~August)
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(September) (October)
(November) (December)
Fig. 6-16 Average Wind Direction and Speed at Qazvin Meteorological Station from 1959 to
2017 (September~December)
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The terrain is mainly flat with the gradient less than 7%, in some places hilly or with small
forms of topography. The area consists of flat plains (80%) and hills (20%)(Fig. 6-17 ~Fig.
6-18).
The project site is located in Central Alborz subzone which is a portion of Alp - Himalaya
mountain range that is surrounded by Caspian depression and Central Iran plain. The
eastern extreme of Alborz range connects to Pamir mountain range, and the altitude reaches
2,000m and higher at the point 3km north of the project site.
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b) Geology
The geological subzones from stratigraphy and tectonic points of view as follows:
The most parts of the area around the power plant site is a cultivated area that consist of
Quaternary young terraces. South to south west of this area consists of silt and clay flat
with mud and salt flat in south extreme (Fig. 6-19).
North to north east of the area is a faulting zone that is covered by Paleogen to Neogen
volcanic rocks such as trachyte, porphyry, andesite, basalt, green tuff and dark gray
volcanic lavas.
According to the result of the boring survey of the site, the geological structure of the site
consists of sand and gravel to the deep layer, and silt and clay layer which tend to cause
subsidence does not emerge.
The result of the geological boring survey of the power plant site is described in Chapter
3.2.
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(3) Seismicity
According to the data of International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology
(IIEES), there were only 2 minor earthquakes recorded within a radius of 15 km of power plant
site in the last 20 years (Fig. 6-20).
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Source: data from International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES)
Fig. 6-20 Recorded instrumental earthquake (1996-2017) within 15 km radius of Rajaii
Power Plant Site
(4) Hydrology
a. Rivers
The rivers in the area around the power plant site (15 km radius) are mostly seasonal river and
there is not any major permanent river. There is only one permanent river, known as River
Behjatabad, used for public water in Abyek and for irrigation. Its source is in the northern
mountains and flows toward south to cultivated area.
As described in Chapter 3.2.6, Behjat Abad River is 3.5km length with a basin of 120km2. The
water gauging station nearest from the power plant is located in Behjat Abad and has conducted
measurement since 1979, for 36 years. The annual average flow rate is 0.22 m3/s, and the
maximum flow rate is observed in April and May.
For irrigation of cultivated lands a canal with 8.0 width and 2.5m height parallel to Tehran high
-way has been constructed (Fig. 6-21).
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Source: Obtained from Google Earth, and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-21 Water canal within the radius of 15km of Shahid Rajaee power plant
b. Ground water
As described in Chapter 3.2.6, the water intake wells for taking groundwater used for the power
plant are located in the power plant site (one well) and around the site (6 wells). Well No.4 is
not used at present (Fig. 6-22).
The average exploitation, depth of the well, and maximum allowable exploitation according to
the license are described in Table 6-20.
The well depth is approximately 150 meters to 200 meters, the actual surface level of round
water is 55 to 77meters, with sufficient groundwater quantity. The average exploitation ranges
from 1.5 L/s to19.3 L/s, and the actual exploitation is much below the allowable exploitation
(106~234L/s) (Table 6-20).
The lowering of water level is observed in the wells used by the power plant.
However, the ground water level of Qazvin aquifer close to the power plant has lowered of 36m
between 1965 to 2016, with the estimated annual average decrease of -0.68m.
The monitoring of the ground water level in the wells used by the power plant shall be
continued.
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Source: Obtained from Google Earth, and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-22 Exploitation Wells for taking Ground Water used in the Power Plant
Table 6-20 Outline of the Wells for Ground Water Exploitation for the Existing Power
Plant
Maximum
Average of
allowable
Aquifer exploitation Depth to
Depth to pump Well Depth exploitation
No Thickness within the past water table Well location
facilities (m) according to the
(m) two years (m) license
(L/s )
(L/s )
1 144 13.9 55 132 199 126 Inside of the power plant site
2 101 1.5 55 108 156 234 outside of the power plant site
3 95 3.5 55 108 150 234 outside of the power plant site
4 95 - 55 108 150 234 outside of the power plant site
5 97 13.9 55 108 152 234 outside of the power plant site
6 98 9.0 52 102 150 234 outside of the power plant site
7 128 15.3 72 150 200 108 Inside of the power plant site
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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-5
-10
-15
-20
^h(m)
-25
-30
-35
-40
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
Year
Taking advantage of Shahrud River, sealing illegal water wells and reducing legal ones were the
measures implemented to alleviate the water problem. In 2017 more than 1600 illegal water
wells were sealed.
The declination of ground water levels is observed in southern parts of Qazvin province, but not
in the area of the Shahid Rajaee power plant.
As continuous air quality monitoring by DOE or any other environmental authority is not
conducted around the power plant site, on-site survey was conducted in the surrounding villages
on five points shown in Fig. 6-24 on March 11, 2018. At the time of measurement, 4 units of
steam power plant and 3 units of gas-combined cycle power plant were in operation in the
existing power plant.
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Measurement results of air quality around the project site are shown in Table 6-21, and the
outline of the results is described as below.
Sulfur dioxide(SO2)
Regarding SO2 concentrations, one-hour values lie between 30.0~114.9μg/ m3, 24-hour values
between 50.1~91.2μg/ m3, which satisfy the environmental standard of Iran (one-hour average
value of 196μg/ m3 and 24-hour average value of 395μg/ m3) at all measurement points.
Additionally, the measured values are also well below more strict guideline values such as EHS
guideline value (24-hour average value:125μg/ m3), EU and Japan standard (1-hour average
value: 286-350μg/ m3, 24-hour average value:114-125μg/ m3) .
Consequently, the measurement results indicate that the air quality around the project site, as
regards to SO2, overall may be said to be in a clean status.
Nitrogen dioxide(NO2)
Regarding nitrogen dioxide(NO2)concentrations, one-hour average values lie between 3.7~
33.1μg/m3, 24-hour average values lie between 17.4~27.7μg/m3, satisfying the environmental
standard of Iran (1-hour average value: 395μg/m3) at all measurement points.
Additionally, the measurement values also satisfy EHS guideline value of IFC (1-hour average
value:125μg/m3) and Japan standard (24-hour average value:113μg/m3) .
Consequently, the measurement results indicate that the air quality around the project site, as
regards to NO2, overall may be said to be in a clean status.
Particulate matter(PM10)
Regarding the concentration of particulate matter (PM10) with radius smaller than 10 μ,
one-hour average values lie between 49.0~74.0μg/m3, 24-hour average values lie between 57.8
~63.1μg/m3, satisfying the environmental standard of Iran (24-hour average value: 150μg/m3)
at all measurement points.
Additionally, the measured values are also well below more strict guideline values such as EHS
guideline value (24-hour average value:150μg/m3) and Japan standard (1-hour average value:
200 μg/m3, 24-hour average value:100μg/m3) Consequently, the measurement results indicate
that the air quality around the project site is not polluted by PM10 and overall in a clean status.
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Source: Obtained from Google Earth, and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-24 Air Quality Measurement Point around the Project site
Table 6-21 Measurement Result of Air Quality around the Project Site (unit: μg /m3)
24-hour
1-hour average value
average value
IFC EHS EU Standard
Measurement Average Iran standard
Item guidelines※ (Japan standard
point measurement
Min. Max. Interim target 1 (μg/m3)
value at the
point
Abyek 34.3 62.9 50.4
Naserabad 40.0 68.9 54.1 196 (1hour)
Sulfur dioxide - (1 hour) 350 (286)(1hr)
Asghrabad 48.6 114.9 91.2 395 (24hr)
(SO2) 125※ (24hour) 125 (114)(24hr)
Zybashahar 38.6 97.1 67.3
Qazvin 30.0 82.9 50.1
Abyek 16.4 19.5 17.4
Naserabad 16.4 25.5 19.1 200 (1hour) 200(-)(1hr)
Nitrogen 200 (1hr)
Asghrabad 3.7 33.1 27.7 -(24hr) - (113) (24hr)
dioxide (NO2) 100 (Annual)
Zybashahar 16.4 30.8 22.5 40(Annual) 40(Annual)
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24-hour
1-hour average value
average value
IFC EHS EU Standard
Measurement Average Iran standard
Item guidelines※ (Japan standard
point measurement
Min. Max. Interim target 1 (μg/m3)
value at the
point
Asghrabad 54.0 68.1 58.6 - (Annual) 70※(Annual) 40(Annual)
The result of measurement of water quality of six wells shown in (4) b. during the last 3 years
(2014-2016) is shown in Table 6-22.
Table 6-22 Sampling reports for 6 wells of the Existing Power Plant (2014-2016)
Items Unit Min. Max. Average
Hydrogen-ion
- 7.4 8 7.7
concentration(pH)
o
water temperature C 17 27 22
Chemical oxygen demand
mg/l Nil Nil Nil
(COD)
Bicarbonate(HCO3) mg/l 190 220 205
Nitrate(NO3) mg/l 0.77 0.24
Sulfur(SO4) mg/l 145 210 177.5
Total silica(SiO2) mg/l 18 30 24
Total Dissolved Solid(TDS) mg/l 558 918 738
Turbidity NTU ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0
Calcium(Ca) mg/l 90 120 105
Chlorine(CL) mg/l 50 - -
Conductivity µS./cm 765 1258 1011.5
Total Iron (T-Fe) mg/l 0.0 0.018 0.0
Potassium(K) mg/l 1 2 1.5
Sodium (Na) mg/l 115 200 157.5
Total hardness mg- caco3/l 169 185 177
Source: Prepared by JICA Study Team
JICA Study Team has also conducted water quality measurement at five wells used by the
power plant for water intake, and the result of the measurement is indicated in Table 6-23.
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(8) Noise
A continuous survey of noise level is not conducted around the power plant by DOE or other
environmental organizations. For this reason, a field survey on the noise level was conducted
around the power station 24 hours at 1 hour intervals on March 11, 2018 at three locations
shown in Fig.6-25. At the time of measurement, the power plant is in operation.
The result is shown in Table 6-24 and the overview is described below.
・Noise level (Leq)in Naserabad is 49~61dBA in daytime and 36~56dBA in nighttime.
・Noise level (Leq)in Asghrabad is 31~46dBA in daytime and 31~46dBA in nighttime.
・Noise level (Leq)in Kawandaj is 37~49dBA in daytime and 31~39dBA in nighttime.
The noise level at the survey points, except Naserabad, satisfy the environmental noise standard
in Iran and EHS guideline value of IFC for daytime.
The noise level at the survey points, except Kawandaj, does not satisfy the environmental noise
standard in Iran and EHS guideline value of IFC for nighttime.
The reason for exceeding these standards is due to traffic of heavy vehicles.
Source: obtained from Google Earth and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-25 Noise Monitoring points around the Project Site
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Table 6-24 Result of the Measurement of Noise (Leq) around the Project Site
Noise level(dBA) Standards of Iran IFC/WB EHS
Point time (dBA) guidelines(dBA)
Min Max Ave ・Residential area: ・Residential area:
Day 49 61 55
Naserabad
Night 36 56 46
Day 31 46 41 55(Day) 55(Day)
Asghrabad
Night 31 46 36 45(Night) 45(Night)
Day 37 49 44
KawandaJ
Night 31 39 36
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
The area of Bashgol is about 25,334 ha and its distance to Shahid Rajaee site is about 68 km.
Bashgolis a land of water springs, with wetland and forest, rich with flora species. Mammals
including large herbivorous mammals such as gazelle and muffron, various kinds of birds in
addition to eagles and vultures are inhabited. The area is designated as protected areas under the
Act on Promotion of Environmental Protection (1982) for protection of animals and plants
including wetlands, forests and endangered species, and has been protected since 1997 by DOE.
Alamut has about 118,000 ha in the western edge of the Elburz range, between the dry and
barren plain of Qazvin, and its distance from Shahid Rajaee site is about 133km.
Taromsofla has about 47,000 ha, located at the north-western of Qazvin, and its distance to
Shahid Rajaee site is about 216 km. Alamut and Taromsofla have been protected since 2017 by
DOE for precious flora and fauna species.
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Taromsofla 216
km from the
site Alamut
133 km from
the site
Qazvin
Basgol
68km from
the site Shahid Rajaee P.P.
site
According to the existing documents and interviews with experts from DOE, 32 species of
plants have been confirmed in Qazvin State as shown in Table 6-25.
These species are not endangered species of the International Conservation Union for Nature
Conservation (IUCN). In addition, Iran has not created its own red list.
Although there are no past record of survey, plants that grow in the power plant site are mostly
herbaceous plants except greening trees, which are normally found in the surrounding
agricultural lands, and are not considered endangered species..
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b. Terrestrial Fauna
< Mammals>
According to interviews with existing documents and DOE experts, 13 species of mammals
have been confirmed in Qazvin province, as shown in Table 6-26.
The list of fauna species living in Qazvin province is shown in the tables below. There are four
endangered species of mammals and birds observed, Ursus arctos, Panthera pardus, Ovis
orientalis, and Rhinolophus euryale,but these species are inhabited in the mountain, wetland and
forest from the view of their habitat characteristics, and the power plant site area consisting of
flat farmland and dry land are not suitable for their habitat. Also, according to the hearing from
the expert from DOE, most of them live in the forests or protected areas, and they are not
assumed to live in the dry area around the project site.
Although there are no past survey records, large mammals and bats are not observed in the area,
except only small rodents. In consequence, it is considered that endangered mammal species do
not inhabit in the area in and around the project site.
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〈Birds〉
According to the existing documents and interviews with DOE experts, 24 species of birds have
been confirmed in Qazvin province, as shown in Table 6-27.
Among them, five species of endangered species of valuable species IUCN are confirmed:
Egyptian vulture, Houbara, Imperial Eagle, Saker Facon, and Greater Spotted Eagle. In view of
their habitat characteristics, these species live in places with vegetation such as mountainous
areas, rocky areas, forests, etc.
Flat farmlands and dry areas around the project site are not suitable for their habitation. Even
through interviews with DOE experts, these endangered species inhabit forests or protected
areas and are not considered to live in farmlands and dry areas around the project site.
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Although the past survey record around the site does not exist, the hearing from the power plant
staffs indicated that large bird species such as eagles and vultures are not observed in the area.
In consequence, it is considered that endangered bird species do not inhabit in the area in and
around the project site.
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Regarding reptiles, Spur-thighed Tortoise, Central Asian Tortoise and a lizard Eremias pleskei
are the only species that may live in flat dry area , in view of their habitat characteristics. The
surroundings are being used as bare land and agricultural land, and it is not suitable for habitat
of these species.
Although the past survey record around the site does not exist, the hearing from the power plant
staffs indicated that the turtles and lizards cited above are not observed in the area.
Regarding amphibians, river, which is their habitat, does not exist around the project site.
In consequence, it is considered that endangered reptile and amphibian species do not inhabit in
the area in and around the project site.
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The nearest residential area is a small village of Asghabad located about 1.5 km to its north and
there is no residential area nearer to the power plant.
Fishery is not implemented around the power plant since there is no river nearby. The figures
below show the land use of the area around the project site.
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Nowadays, the canal supplies the required water for the Yonosabad, Asghabad, Naserabad
Kavandaj and Hesarkhravan residential areas. A new dam, called Nahab dam , which will
improve water capacity of the area, was to start operation by March 2018 but not yet in
operation at the current moment. As for ground water availability, only 700 wells are now in
operation in province of Qazvin to supply water for irrigation use as well as households use.
(3) Sanitation
Table 6-30 shows the location of medical centers in each District near the Shahid Rajaee power
plant. About half of the districts have their own medical centers, and even the districts which do
not have one can easily access to any medical centers nearby.
Qazvin province has 14 hospitals total with 2,153 beds, consisted of 7 governmental hospitals
with 1,267 beds, 4 private hospitals with 441 beds and 3 other hospitals with 445 beds.
Table 6-30 Medical centers near the Shahid Rajaee power plant
No. Name of District Medical Centers
1 Anjilagh -
2 Asghabad -
3 Hajitapeh ○
4 Sharknab ○
5 Zagheh ○
6 Zarchebostan -
7 Yonesabad ○
8 Behtajatabad -
9 Kavandaj -
Caspian Industrial -
10
City
11 Hesarkharvan ○
12 Falizan -
13 Naserabad ○
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
Most of the settlements are more than 5 kilometers away from the power plant site and the
population is less than 1,000. The nearest settlement from the project site is Asghabad
Settlement, located about 1,500m to the north from the site boundary with 150 inhabitants.
Qazvin City (population 400 - 500 thousand people), the capital of Qazvin province, is located
about 20 km away from the site. The total population of Qazvin has risen to more than
1.27 3 million people in 2016. The population growth rate was 1.17% in 2016. The population is
significantly concentrated in Qazvin city center, which is about 400,000 people.
Table 6-31 Population of the Settlements and the Distance from the Power Plant
Population Distance from Shahid Rajaee
No. Name of Village
(Parsons) Power plant (m)
1 Anjilaq. 450 6,000
2 AsghaAbad 150 1,500
3 Ebrahimabad 50 5,000
4 HesarKharav 4,036 8,000
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(5) Education
Formal education in Iran is divided into general and higher education: General education
includes primary, lower secondary, upper secondary and technical and vocational training.
All children spend six years of their lives at primary level from age 6 to 12 and attend high
school from ages 12 to 18. About 88.4% of population is educated and the rest are not educated
in Qazvin province. Table 6-32 shows the presence of school in the Districts near Shahid Rajaee
power plant.
The average literacy rate in Qazvin province is 87.7% for male and 80.4% for female, and the
literacy rate for rural area of Qazvin province is 82.2% for male and 71.6% for female.
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(8) Employment
Iran is one of the largest economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with
an estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2017 of US$438 billion. It also has the
population of very close to 80 million people in 2016.
Iran’s economy is characterized by the hydrocarbon sector, agriculture and services sectors,
manufacturing and financial sectors. Unemployment rate in Qazvin province is 10% for women
and 7.4% for men in 2016. The labor force engaged in industry, agriculture, and service
respectively has been 19.4%, 31.5%, and 49.1% in the country. At present, agriculture sector,
due to drought and modernization of irrigation systems, has less labor forces.
In the year 2014, the average annual net expenditure of an urban household amounted to 206
million Rials including 151 million Rials for non-food expenditures (73.3 percent) and 55
million Rials (26.7 percent) for food, which increased by 25.4 percent in comparison to the
previous year.
Average rural household net expenditure in the year 2014 amounted to 129.6 million Rials,
including 73.5 million Rials for non-food expenditures (56.7 percent) and 56.1 million Rials
(43.3 percent) for food which increased by 19.8 percent in comparison to the previous year.
For this reason, the impact assessment of the landscape will not be conducted during and after
construction of the power station thereafter.
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Zarcheh
Emamzade bostan
h Eshagh Shekar nab
Emamzadeh
Sabazpoush
Kaho
w
Shahid Rajaee Site Tazeh Nodaran
Hezar jolfa
abad
Emamzade Jazmeh
h saleh Zagheh
Ghazan
chal
Fig. 6-29 Historical Cultural Heritage Sites within 15km radius of Shahid Rajaee power
plant
(11) Minorities
The minorities such as Christian, Jews, Zoroastrian and others were less than 0.25% (About
3,000 people) of the population of Qazvin province at the time of the year 2011, living in
harmony with Iranian people.
According to the hearing survey, minorities do not live around the proposed project site, nor do
they use the project site, and for this reason, the impact of the power plant during construction
and operation phase on the minorities is not assumed, and will be excluded from the impact
assessment.
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According to the Beaufort scale, when wind speed exceeds about 6 m/s, dust on the ground may
be lifted up. The occurrence ratio of wind speed exceeding about 6 m/s around the project site is
below 1% throughout the year, whereas it is occurs slightly more often in winter.
Dust caused by the strong winds in the dry season will be reduced with periodic watering in the
site and road.
Emission of air pollutants (SOx, NOx, PM) from construction machinery and vehicles may
affect air quality of the surrounding site.
Periodic maintenance and management of all the construction machinery and vehicles will be
conducted to reduce pollutant emission. Adjustment of the construction schedule shall be
considered in advance in order to avoid the concentration of machinery and vehicles in one
specific period.
The impact of the project on the atmospheric air quality will be minimized by the mitigation
measures cited above, although air quality monitoring in the busiest construction period will
still be necessary.
Concrete-generated waste water and oil-containing effluent are treated at a neutralization and
oil-separation system installed within the construction area. Waste water will be checked for
compliance with the water quality standard of Iran and IFC/WB EHS Guidelines.
Treated waste water is finally sent to the existing waste water reservoir and is reused within the
site as much as possible. Waste water that could not be reused will be discharged into the
irrigation canal.
These measures will minimize the impact of contamination of irrigation canal water. Water
quality monitoring of waste water and the irrigation canal will still be necessary.
(3) Waste
Waste generated from the construction work will include general waste such as packing material
and domestic waste, and hazardous waste such as waste oil and waste battery.
Waste will be collected separately and stored in an appropriate place and method. Paper wastes
and iron scraps will be recycled, and other general wastes will be appropriately disposed of, as
with the case in the existing facility. Small amount of sludge and waste oil will be generated
from waste water treatment and is recycled, and other hazardous waste including sludge from
waste water treatment, is landfilled within an anti-seepage pit authorized by DOE and built in
the site.
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As water pollution, soil pollution, odor or sanitary problems resulting from waste will be
mitigated with the above-described mitigation measures, the environmental impact will be
minimized and insignificant. The monitoring of waste will be conducted regarding the type,
generation amount and disposal method of waste.
<Noise>
The level of noise resulting from the operation of the construction machinery was simulated
using the following estimation model.
Noise level estimation model
Noise predictions were carried out in accordance to International Standard ISO 9613,
Acoustics-Attenuation of Sound during Propagation Outdoors.
Major construction machines used for construction include cranes used for loading basic
materials and the like, concrete mixers and pump cars in foundation construction works,
backhoes for excavation, power generators, air compressors, etc.
Considering the ground condition, piling operation which generates high noise will not be
necessary.
Table 6-33 shows the noise level of the main construction machinery and the number of
machines.
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Calculation conditions
The calculation was conducted on the assumption that all the aforementioned machines were
operating simultaneously.
Construction activities will be carried out based on a step-by-step construction schedule so that
all the machinery is not operated simultaneously.
10 measurement points(No.1 ~ No.10)were selected and used for simulation at the boundary of
power plant site and another 3 points (No.11 ~ No.13) in the factory and the residential area
located near the power plant were also selected for simulation.
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Source: obtained from Google Earth and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-30 Location of Simulation Points
The contribution noise level was 25 ~ 63 dB(A) at the boundary of the site, and 29 ~ 33
dB(A) in the nearby factory and the residential area. The current noise level was detected at 6
points in the boundary (No.2 ~ No.4,No.8 ~ No.10)and 3 points in the nearby factory and
residential area (No.11 ~ No.13). For 4 points on the boundary where current noise level was
not detected (No.1,No.5 ~ No.7), the noise level at the nearest points (No.2,No.4 ) was adopted.
The noise in the boundary of the power plant site was estimated to lie between 58-62 dB (A),
and 46-65 dB(A) in the nearby factory and residential area.
Future noise level was simulated through the addition of the current noise level and the
contribution noise level. Future noise level is 58 ~ 65 dB(A) at the boundary, and 58 ~ 65
dB(A) in the nearby factory and residential area. Future noise level may slightly increase from
the current level at certain points on the boundary, but the increase is only 4dB at the maximum.
The estimated future noise levels at all the measuring points of boundary and the nearby
workplace comply with the IFC/WB guideline value (industrial area, daytime). Also, the future
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noise levels at the residential area satisfy the standard value of Iran and IFC/WB guideline value
(residential area, daytime). The future noise level does not satisfy the noise standard for
nighttime, but increase from the current noise level is not expected.
Noise impact caused by construction activities will be mitigated by managing the construction
schedule in order to level out the construction amount and scale.
Low noise equipment will be used as much as possible and regular maintenance will be
conducted. .
Measures for reducing generation of noise, such as speed reduction of large vehicles in
residential areas, will be taken, whereby vehicle noise impact will be minimized.
Construction work will be conducted in daytime to the possible extent. Considering the high
bearing power of the ground, piling work producing high noise will not be conducted.
Thus, all efforts will be made to minimize the noise impact. Monitoring on noise levels in the
busiest construction period will still be necessary.
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Source: obtained from Google Earth and prepared by the Study Team
Fig. 6-31 Results of Simulating Noise Level (dBA) from Construction Work
<Vibration>
Vibration impact caused by construction activities will be mitigated by managing the
construction schedule in order to level out the construction amount and scale.
Low vibration equipment will be used as much as possible and regular maintenance will be
conducted.
Measures for reducing generation of vibration, such as speed reduction of large vehicles in
residential areas, will be taken, whereby vehicle vibration impact will be minimized.
Construction work shall be conducted in daytime to the possible extent. Considering the high
bearing power of the ground, piling work producing high noise will not be conducted.
Vibration may be generated from trailers and trucks.
In the example of Japan, the vibration level of 75dB at the generation source attenuates to
approximately 10dB at 500 meters away, which is extremely low compared to the noise
standard of Japan, 55dB. The nearest residence is 1.5km away from the site and the impact of
vibration will be negligible.
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the site are not observed. Monitoring of groundwater level will be continued.
With the above- described mitigations measures, the significant lowering of groundwater level
and ground subsidence due to water intake of the construction activity is not expected.
(7) Odor
In case domestic waste from the workers’ camp is not appropriately treated, it may produce foul
odors. Before starting the construction work, workers will be instructed to classify and collect
garbage and illegal waste disposal will be prohibited. Food and kitchen waste will be disposed
on a periodic basis using containers with a cover to prevent odor and is composted and reused
for fertilizer.
All the aforementioned measure measures will be taken in order to minimize the generation of
odor.
The surrounding area is a dry ecosystem, and this ecosystem is attributed to the land use as bare
land or agricultural land proceeding in the area, and endangered species requiring special
attention are not observed.
Although some of the habitats of animals and plants may disappear due to modification in the
site, and air pollution, noise and vibration during construction may affect the growth of plants
and behavior of animals in the vicinity, the inhabitation of these species spreads widely around
the project site, and there is very little influence on the biota.
Mitigation measures for air pollution, noise and vibration, similar to the measures described in
“Air pollution” and “Noise/vibration”, will be implemented, and impact on the terrestrial
ecosystem will be very limited.
Regarding reptiles, since there is little survey data, visual observation of the presence and
absence of turtles and lizards that are endangered will be implemented on the site and nearby,
for precaution.
The project proponent will employ as many local residents as possible and make use of the
services (i.e. restaurant and catering service etc.) and purchase products and equipment offered
in the local community, as much as possible in order to contribute to the local economy.
In the construction period, concrete-containing waste water and oil-containing waste water may
be generated, and water turbidity of the irrigation canal is predicted.
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Water pollution on irrigation water caused by construction waste water will be minimized by
mitigation measures cited in “Water pollution” described above and its impact on the irrigation
canal is expected to be very limited.
The employment of local people shall be conducted under publicized employment conditions to
prevent unfair competition.
Inflows of many workers from other parts of Iran or foreign countries during construction
period may cause conflict with local workers, if the local customs are not followed.
The employment of local people will be enhanced as much as possible so as to limit the number
of workers from outside.
Education program will be established for workers from outside to respect local customs. They
will also be invited to the local events to enhance mutual understanding with local people.
The above-described mitigation measures will minimize conflict with local workers due to
difference in customs.
Child labor may increase on the construction site and may lead to school abandonment.
Employment of children under the age of 15 is prohibited by the regulation of Iran, and TPPH
also strictly prohibits child labor including RPC contractors.
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A manual for safe handling of machinery shall also be prepared and checked by TPPH for
approval.
In case of an accident, monitoring shall be conducted.
(16) Accident
Traffic accidents may occur during operation of vehicles. As prevention measures for land
traffic accidents, observation of traffic regulations, and training and education on safe driving
will be implemented, as well as an appropriate vehicle operation route and schedule.
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Regarding NOx emission, as nitrogen (N2) is barely contained in fuel, N2 contained in air reacts
chemically with oxygen (O2) and produces nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
It is mostly NO at the time of emission of exhaust gas, and is converted into NO2 through
photoreaction with ozone (O3) in the air at the dispersion stage.
In case light oil fuel is used, NOx emission is similar to gas fuel. SOx emission consists mostly
of sulfur dioxide (SO2) converted from sulfur(S) contained in fuel.
Particulate matter (PM) consists of metal or unburned matter contained in light oil or heavy oil,
mostly consisting of PM10 of 10µm radius or smaller.
A gas turbine adopted in this project will be equipped with dry type low-NOx burner as a
mitigation measures for reduction of NOx level
With the mitigation measures described above, the emission concentration of air pollutant in the
exhaust gas will meet the emission standard of Iran and the standard value of IFC/WB EHS
guidelines (Thermal Power Plant, 2008) as described in Table 6-35.
In this project, except for emergency, gas is basically used to reduce generation of SOx and
NOx. Also, by adopting a high-efficiency combined cycle, the fuel consumption is reduced and
the amount of SOx, NOx and PM emitted from the power plant is reduced as a result.
The dispersion calculation will be conducted to understand the contribution concentration of the
new power plant through simulation and the cumulative impact of the existing facility including
contribution concentration. It is also important to take into account the condition cited below
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The schematic diagram of the topographic condition in the simulation is shown below. The
impacts of geography on the exhaust gas dispersion shall be considered to avoid incorrect high
concentration in the high elevation even if the impact of gas emission is negligible.
① Topography is considered.
・ within 5km radius from the stack: Maximum altitude / Effective stack height (Actual stack
height + Emission gas elevation height ) ≧0.6
・ within 20km radius from the stack: Maximum altitude / Effective stack height (Actual stack
height + Emission gas elevation height ) ≧1.0
Note: the effective stack height is calculated with the formula used for the regulation of SOx
emission in Air Pollution Control Act in Japan.
Also, in “USERS GUIDE FOR THE AERMOD TERRAIN PREPROCESSOR (AERMAP)”
(2004, EPA, U.S.A.), it clearly states that the impact of the topography shall be considered
in case inclination is 10 degrees or over based on the distance from the measurement object and
the elevation, on a case-by-case basis.
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This condition corresponds to the case where the measurement point is 1km from the emission
source and the difference of elevation is more than 200meters.
In this project, although the effective stack height is expected to be about 200 m, the impact of
the topography is taken in consideration for estimation of the impact from the following
viewpoints, based on the above-described knowledges of Japan and the U.S.
・ There is an elevated area of more than 200m higher compared to the project site within
3km radius in the north of the power plant.
・ Southern wind blowing northward is frequent.
・Downdraft / Downwash
In general, downwash reportedly occurs with a wind speed 1.5 times or more than the exhaust
gas speed. The assumed exhaust gas speed in this project being 25 m/s, downwash may occur in
case wind speed at the stack outlet is more than 17 m/s.
According to the meteorological survey data of the area, the occurrence of the above-described
wind speed is very low, and the occurrence of downwash will be extremely small.
Stack
Building
Source: ”Nitrogen oxides total amount control manual” (Ministry of the Environment, 2000)
Fig. 6-33 Diagram of Downwash
In the case the stack height is low, downdraft may occur due to the presence of the surrounding
building. By using the formula shown below, if the HG value is shown to be higher than the
stack height, it is necessary to consider the impact of downdraft.
HG = H + 1.5L
H = Building height (m)
L = Building height or the value for the building with the lowest diameter (m)
In this project, the stack height is 60m and the turbine building and HRSG are only 23m and
28m height, respectively, and the planned stack height is 80m which is much higher than the
required height of 70m for downwash prevention.
In addition, the cooling tower of the existing power plant is located in the western side of the
project site, but downdraft is not predicted to occur because of warmed air rising over the stack,
and therefore the impact estimation does not take into account the impact of downdraft.
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Stack building
Source: ”Nitrogen oxides total amount control manual” (Ministry of the Environment, 2000)
Fig. 6-34 Diagram of Downdraft
<Meteorological conditions>
AERMOD dispersion model requires one-hour value of meteorological data (air temperature,
wind speed and wind direction, etc) of at least one year’s span to conduct correct estimation.
However, the meteorological measurement around the project area is conducted by Qazvin
meteorological station for only three times a day regarding wind speed and wind direction,
which are the essential meteorological data in the dispersion modeling. This is not sufficient for
a correct evaluation.
In consequence, the one-hour value in the meteorological data from the meteorological model
(MM5(The Mesoscale Model)) from 2015 to 2017 will be used for calculation. MM5 is
Fifth-Generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model* developed by Pennsylvania the State
University and National Center for Atmospheric Research. It encompasses existing data from
each region around the world and is very efficient in air quality simulation.
*The meteorological models in Mesoscale is applicable to the grid of several kilometers to
several ten kilometers, is therefore suitable for the air quality simulation for this project.
The estimated frequency of wind direction and wind speed based on the weather model (MM5)
is shown in Fig. 6-35 to Fig. 6-36. It indicates that east wind is dominant, followed by
south-south-east and north-north-east wind, mainly eastern wind.
Wind speed is mostly within the range of 1~6 m/s, with low occurrence of wind speed
exceeding 6m/s, similar to the meteorological data in Chapter 6.6.1.
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The calculation with gas fuel and using NOx concentration of 2015, 2016 and 2017 indicated no
significant difference. All calculation was conducted with one-hour basis with the data of 2017
when NOx concentration was the highest.
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Zybashahar
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Source: Obtained from Google Earth, and prepared by JICA Study Team
Fig. 6-37 Topography used for the prediction
<Emission specification>
Table 6-36 to Table 6-39 show the volume, temperature, speed of exhaust gas and emissions of
NOx, SOx, and PM contained in gas emission from the new and existing power plant for
respective fuel, under the assumption that all NOx, SOx, and PM become SO2, NO2, and PM10,
respectively.
The fuel used in the power plant in Iran is basically gas, but heavy oil and light oil is also used
in many cases mainly in winter in case of shortage of fuel supply.
In this regard, the prediction of cumulative impact of the existing and the new facility is
conducted for the case of gas fuel use and for the case of light/heavy oil use in both facilities.
The prediction was not conducted for the case gas is used in one facility and heavy/light oil is
used in the other facility.
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Table 6-37 Emission specification for the existing steam power plant
Item Unit Unit1 Unit 2 Unit.3 Unit.4
Output MW 250 250 250 250
Fuel ‐ Gas Heavy oil Gas Heavy oil Gas Heavy oil Gas Heavy oil
Exhaust gas ºC
123 143 123 143 123 143 123 143
temperature
Exhaust speed m/s 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27
Stack diameter m 4 4 44 4
Stack height m 220 220 220 220
SOx emission g/s 0 142 0 89 0 169 0 148
NOx emission g/s 102 82 127 34 131 78 127 71
PM emission g/s 0 72.1 0 72.1 0 72.1 0 72.1
Notes : 1. Gas emission is calculated with stack diameter and gas emission speed based on the design condition.
2. Emission concentration of pollutants adopted here is the average value of the past monitoring result. PM emission
concentration data in case of heavy oil use was not available and therefore set to 100 mg/Nm3 based on the measurement result
of the heavy oil thermal power plant in Japan.
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
Table 6-38 Emission specification of the existing combined cycle power plant
Item Unit GT No1 GT No2 GT No3 GT No4 GT No5 GT No6
Output MW 123.4 123.4 123.4 123.4 123.4 123.4
Light Light Light Light Light Light
Fuel - Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas
oil oil oil oil oil oil
Exhaust gas
ºC 125 110 125 110 125 110 125 110 125 110 125 110
temperature
Exhaust
m/s 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
speed
Stack
m 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
diameter
Stack height m 45 45 45 45 45 45
SOx
g/s 0 23 0 8 0 20 0 26 0 4 0 4
e mission
NOx
g/s 56 51 38 59 57 62 58 79 36 106 34 56
emission
PM
g/s 0 13 0 13 0 13 0 13 0 13 0 13
emission
Notes: 1. Gas emission (wet gas) is calculated with stack diameter and gas emission speed based on the design
condition.
2. Emission concentration of SOx and NOx adopted here is the average value of the past monitoring result and based
on the gas emission amount of the design condition. PM emission concentration monitoring data was not available
and therefore set to the value similar to the existing gas turbine.
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
<Prediction result>
The prediction was conducted for the ground concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen
dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10) corresponding to 99%3 value of the one-hour value
3
*99% value: the compliance with the environmental standard value stipulated in the regulations of Iran
is assessed with the measurement value excluding the top 1% value which tends to be extremely high
concentration. This assessment method is adopted in Japan, EU, and the U.S. for assessment of
compliance with the environmental standard.
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and 24-hour value and the annual average value, under the assumption that all of the new
facility and the existing facility are in operation.
a. Impact of the new power plant facility
As fuel used in this project is basically gas, the diffusion simulation of NO2 generated in case of
gas fuel is conducted. As use of light oil fuel is highly expected in winter when gas supply is not
sufficient, SO2 and PM10 as well as NO2 emission is also predicted and the diffusion of 3
pollutants is simulated.
The prediction results of the contribution ground concentration are as shown in Fig. 6-39 to Fig.
6-49 and Table 6-39, and the overview is described below.
The distribution of the ground concentration indicates that the concentration is the highest at the
monitoring points for air quality, and the contribution concentration at the elevated area is
relatively low.
The summary of the impact assessment for each pollutant is described below.
According to the IFC/WB Guidelines (General), a single project is required not to contribute
more than 25% of the applicable ambient air quality standards, and compared to this threshold
the present project has the contribution of 9.3% which is extremely low.
Additionally, the maximum concentration obtained by adding the present concentration to the
predicted value is 145.06μg/ m3 for one-hour value, and 102.78μg/ m3 for 24-hour value, which
is sufficiently low as compared with Iran's environmental quality standards and the IFC/WB
guidelines.
In case light oil fuel is used, the maximum ground level concentration is 30.16μg/ m3 for
one-hour value, and 11.58μg/ m3 for 24-hour value, 3.39μg/ m3 for the annual average, which is
approximately 15.1%(one-hour) and 3.4% (annual average) of the environmental standard value
of Iran and 15.1%(one-hour) and 8.5% (annual average) of IFC/WB guideline value.
According to the IFC/WB Guidelines (General), a single project is required not to contribute
more than 25% of the applicable ambient air quality standards, and compared to this threshold
the present project has an extremely low contribution.
Additionally, regarding the future concentration obtained by adding the current concentration to
the predicted value, the maximum future concentration calculated with the highest concentration
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obtained in the current monitoring data is 48.28μg/ m3 in one-hour value in gas fuel and
63.26μg/ m3 in one-hour value in light oil fuel, which are sufficiently lower compared with the
Iran's environmental quality standard and the IFC/WB guidelines.
According to the IFC/WB Guidelines (General), a single project is required not to contribute
more than 25% of the applicable ambient air quality standards, and compared to this threshold
the present project has an extremely low contribution.
Regarding the future concentration, which is the addition of the prediction concentration and the
current concentration, the maximum concentration calculated with the highest value observed
in the current monitoring data is 66.96μg/ m3, which is sufficiently low as compared with Iran's
environmental quality standards and the IFC/WB guidelines.
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Zybashahar
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Abyek
Qazvin
Zybashahar
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Table 6-39 Prediction Result of the Contribution Concentration of the operation of the new power plant
24-hour
SO2 Light oil 11.58 91.2 102.78 395 125/125/114
value
Annual
3.39 - - - -
average
24-hour
Gas 5.18 27.7 32.88 - -/-/113
value
Annual
1.88 - - 100 40/40/40
average
NO2
1-hour value 30.16 33.1 63.26 200 200/200/-
24-hour
Light oil 11.58 27.7 39.28 - -/-/113
value
Annual
3.39 - - 100 40/40/40
average
24-hour
PM10 Light oil 3.86 63.1 66.96 150 150/50/100
value
Annual
1.12 - - - 70/40/40
average
Note: The current concentration (c) in the table above was measured under the condition that all the existing power plants
are in operation and includes the contribution concentration of the existing facility.
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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The current distribution of the ground concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide
(NO2), and particulate matter (PM10) indicates that the concentration is the highest at the area
around the point of air quality field survey, and the contribution concentration at the elevated
area is relatively low.
.
The future distribution of the ground concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide
(NO2), and particulate matter (PM10) after the installation of the new facility indicates that
although one-hour value of SO2 shows slight difference in light fuel use compared to the current
concentration distribution simulation, no particular increase of concentration is predicted in
other pollutants compared to the current ground concentration.
The comparison of the current status of pollutant concentration and the future concentration of
the new facility with the environmental standard for respective pollutant is described below.
In case light oil fuel is used in the new facility, the maximum ground level concentration of the
existing facility and the new facility is 100.85μg/m3for one-hour value, 35.25μg/m3for 24-hour
value, and 12.07μg/m3 for the annual average, which is approximately 51.5%(one-hour) and
8.9%(24-hour) of the environmental standard value of Iran and 28.8% of the EU environmental
standard value (one-hour value:350μg/m3), 28.2%(24-hour) of the IFC/WB guideline value ,
showing no significant difference compared to the current status.
Regarding the future concentration, which is the addition of the prediction concentration of the
existing facility and the new facility and the background concentration4 the future concentration
is 143.25μg/m3 for one-hour value, and 77.65μg/m3 for 24-hour value, which is in accordance
with Iran's environmental quality standards、EU environmental standard and the IFC/WB
guidelines value.
Nitrogen dioxide(NO2)
The contribution concentration of the existing facility, in case gas fuel is used, is higher
compared to the case light oil is used, and the maximum ground level concentration in the
existing facility is 168.83µg/m3for one-hour value, 59.73µg/m3for 24-hour value, and
25.15µg/m3 for the annual average, which is approximately 84.4%(one-hour) and 25.2%
(annual average) of the environmental standard value of Iran(one-hour value: 200μg/m3, annual
4 In the three places of Naserabad, Asghrabad and Zybashahar, which have been affected to a certain extent by
existing power plants, the wind from the north is dominant and SO 2 , NO 2 and PM 10 are the minimum values in the
morning, when the smoke of the power plant does not diffuse to these points, so the minimum value was taken as
the background concentration
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The maximum future ground level concentration in case gas fuel is used in the new facility is
168.83µg/m3for one-hour value, 25.36µg/m3 for annual average, which is approximately
84.%(one-hour) and 25.4%(annual average) of the environmental standard value of Iran and
63.4% of the IFC/WB guideline value (annual average), which shows no significant difference
compared to the current status.
Regarding of the future concentration, which is the addition of the prediction concentration of
the existing facility and the new facility and the background concentration, the future
concentration is 181.10μg/m3 for one-hour value, and 71.98μg/m3 for 24-hour value even in the
case gas fuel is used (where highest impact of emission is assumed), which is in compliance
with Iran's environmental quality standards, EU environmental standard and the IFC/WB
guidelines value.
In case light oil fuel is used in future in the new facility, the maximum ground level
concentration is 34.16μg/m3 for one-hour value, and 12.03μg/m3 for 24-hour value, 5.16μg/m3
for the annual average, which is approximately 8%(24-hour) of the environmental standard
value of Iran and 8%(24-hour) and 7.4%(annual average) of IFC/WB guideline value, showing
that the difference is extremely small.
Regarding the future concentration, which is the addition of the prediction concentration of the
existing facility and the new facility and the background concentration, the future concentration
is 87.13μg/m3 for one-hour value, and 65μg/m3 for 24-hour value, which is in compliance with
Iran's environmental quality standards and the IFC/WB guidelines value.
According to the results above, even when the impact of the existing thermal power plant is
taken in consideration, the standard value of Iran and IFC/WB guideline value are predicted to
be satisfied.
Also, it can be concluded that the impact of the new power plant to the surrounding
environment is predicted to be relatively small.
In the future, in order to reduce the adverse impact on air quality, the operation of the newly
installed facility shall be promoted in priority, and the operation of the existing low-efficiency
facility, with attention to the result of monitoring, shall be limited only for the necessary period,
and it is also necessary to consider the replacement / refurbishment of equipment or gradual stop
of operation in the future.
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Table 6-40 Prediction Result of the Contribution Concentration of the existing power plant
facility and of the new power plant
Pollut Fuel Time category Maximum Maximum Backgrou Maximum Iran’s International
ant concentration concentration nd future atmosphe standard
at the ground at the ground concentra concentrati ric value and
level of the level of the tion on environm standard
existing existing (μg/m3) b+c ental value in each
3
facility facility and (μg/m ) quality country
a(μg/m3) the new standard (IFC/EU/Jap
3
facility (μg/m ) an)
b. (μg/m3) (μg/m3)
Light
SO2 24-hour value 26.67 35.25 42.4 77.65 395 125/125/114
oil
light
24-hour value 43.50 43.72 12.2 55.89 - -/-/113
oil
A steam turbine will be used in the power plant, but cooling water from the condenser will be
reused through forced-draft cooling fan system and thermal waste water will not be discharged
and cooling water will not be intake.
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Waste water mainly consists of regeneration waste water from demineralization plant and from
Boilers Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG), which are not large in amount in a normal
operation. Oily drainage wastewater from the condenser and the light oil tank will be generated
accompanying to domestic sewage from office and accommodation for staff and rain water.
The total amount of waste water will be approximately 380m3 per day at the maximum, and the
waste water discharge flow is shown in Fig. 6-74.
20
Water header for maintenance
Unit ; m 3 /day
Service Water Tank
2900m3 Fire Fighting Water ; 1000m3/time
Service
Water 110 HRSG Blowdown Tank Drain Temperature Reduction Water
300 m3/day 1700m3
Well Pre‐
water treatment
(if required)
Fire Fighting Water 280 170 20
1200m3
80 80 60 170
HRSG Blow Supply Water HRSG
Service Water ; Water Treatment
Blowdown
280x5days = 1400m3 System
System
40 40
Supply Water for Main System
20 150
Treated 150 10
water Supply Water for Cooling System 10
tank Power
Plant
20 20
Supply Water for Sampling System
Condition Treated Water ;
‐ Ambient Temperature: 30 ℃ 150x5days = 750m3
‐ Operation Condition: 24 hours continuous (~22,400t for 7days' oil firing, as optional ) 0 0
‐ Operation Unit Number: 2 units GT Water Injection (for Fuel Oil)
(~6,300t for 7days' air inlet cooling)
‐ Condenser Cooling system ; ACC (~3,000t/day/2units for oil firing only, as optional )
‐ Fuel ; Gas
0
GT Compressor Air Inlet Cooling
(~900t/day/2units for air inlet cooling only )
0
Supply Water for Auxiliary Boiler Auxiliary 0
Boiler
20 240
Tap
20 water 20
Tap(City) tank
water
70m3 Tap Water
Wastewater from water purification system and waste water from the exhaust heat recovery
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boiler is treated with neutralization and sedimentation treatment system and is examined for
compliance with waste water quality standards of Iran and of the IFC/EHS Guideline for
thermal power plants (2008).
Oily drainage wastewater will be collected in the wastewater treatment system for oil separation
to comply with Iran's standards and IFC/EHS Guideline values for thermal power plants (2008).
Domestic wastewater from worker’s camp is treated in the septic tank to comply with Iran's
standards and IFC/EHS Guideline values (general, 2007).
All these waste water is discharged into the drainage tank within the existing power plant for
reuse to the possible extent, or use for greening or other purpose as much as possible. If the
discharge amount is found to be too large for reuse during the regular checkup, the excess water
will be discharged into the irrigation canal and may be used for agriculture in the surrounding
area.
With the above-described measures, the impact on water quality by the power plant operation is
minimized.
(3) Waste
General waste and hazardous waste will be generated. General waste is sewerage and garbage
produced from workers in the power plant. Hazardous waste includes waste oil generated from
the operation and maintenance of the facilities and sludge generated through precipitation
treatment at the wastewater treatment facility.
Basic mitigation measure is to develop a waste management plan including reduction of waste,
promotion of recycling, and education of workers to prevent inappropriate waste disposal.
Waste will be collected separately and stored in an appropriate site and method.
Specifically, paper wastes, iron scraps and waste oil will be recycled as with the case in the
existing facility. Residual food is composted and reused as fertilizer in greening. All of the
hazardous waste which cannot be recycled will be transported to the landfill site authorized by
DOE and equipped with ground-seepage prevention within the power plant site for disposal.
As water pollution, soil pollution, odor or sanitary problems resulting from waste will be
mitigated, the environmental impact will be minimized and insignificant. The monitoring of
waste will be conducted regarding the type, generation amount and disposal method of waste.
〈Noise〉
The noise level related to the operation of the major equipments of the power plant is estimated
using the noise level estimation model cited below.
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Table 6-41 Noise Level and the Number of the Major Equipment
Equipment Noise level (dB)
Gas turbine (with enclosures) 87
Gas turbine generator (with
enclosures) 83
Inlet air duct 87
Inlet air filter 94
GT duct (exhaust gas) 91
Generator step-up transformer 95
Unit auxiliary transformer 93
Main Stack 89
Cooling fan 88
Cool water pump 98
Gas compressor 85
Diesel oil transfer pump 86
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
Calculation conditions
10 measurement points (No.1 ~ No.10) were selected and used for simulation at the boundary of
power plant site and another 3 points (No.11 ~ No.13) in the factory and the residential area
located near the power plant were also selected for simulation.
Results of simulation
Table 6-42 shows the result of the estimation of noise level (contribution, current, and future
level) for each sampling point during the operation of the plant equipment. Figure 6-75 shows
the noise level distribution.
Noise level generated by power plant operation is 27- 57dB (A) at the boundary and the factory
in the vicinity of the power plant site, and 27-32B (A) at the factory and the residential area near
the site.
As for the current noise level at the prediction point, the current noise level during construction
(shown in 6.7.1) is adopted. The future noise level at the prediction points was estimated based
on the current noise level and contribution noise level.
The future noise level was 58 ~ 63 dB(A) at the boundary, and 46 ~ 65 dB(A) at the nearby
workplace and residential area. The future noise level exceeds the current level at only one point
in the boundary, and the noise level does not differ from the current level at all the other points.
The noise levels at all the measuring points of boundary and the nearby workplace comply with
the environmental standard of Iran and IFC/WB guideline value (industrial area, daytime). Also,
the noise levels at the residential area satisfy the environmental standard of Iran and IFC/WB
guideline value (residential area, daytime).
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Regarding noise level at nighttime, the current noise level exceeds the standard value, but
estimated future noise does not differ largely compared with the current noise level.
Noise-generating equipment will be enclosed as much as possible and low noise type equipment
will be installed. Periodic maintenance of equipment will be conducted.
Table 6-42 Results of the simulation of noise levels in the power plant
Place Point Noise level Current Future Noise standard IFC/WB EHS
(dBA) noise noise of Iran Guideline,
level level General
(dBA) (dBA)
Project site No. 1 32 62 62
boundary No. 2 40 62 62
No. 3 38 61 61
No. 4 52 61 62
No. 5 51 61 61 Industrial area; Industrial area:
No. 6 57 61 63 Daytime:70 Daytime:70
No. 7 50 61 61 Nighttime:65 Nighttime:70
No. 8 47 59 59
No.9 27 58 58
No.10 33 62 62
Nearby Residential
Residential area:
Residential area area:
No.11 32 46 46 Daytime:55
Daytime:55
Nighttime:45
Nighttime:45
Workplace No.12 27 63 63 Industrial area; Industrial area;
adjacent to the Daytime:70 Daytime:70
power plant No.13 27 65 65 Nighttime:65 Nighttime:65
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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<Vibration>
The impact of vibration generated from the operation of the power plant is predicted, but the
vibration level is not high. Vibration sources include gas turbine, generator and pumps. They
shall be installed on a strong foundation, and low-vibration equipment will be adopted. Regular
maintenance of equipment will be conducted.
In the cases of Japan, the vibration level at the source is approximately 65 dB and attenuates to
approximately 0dB at 500 meters away. The nearest residence is further1.5km away from the
site and the impact of vibration will be negligible.
The lowering of water level in the existing wells and land subsidence in the surrounding area of
the site are not observed. The monitoring of ground water level will be continuously conducted.
With the conditions cited above, lowering of ground water level and the accompanying impact
associated with water intake during operation phase is not predicted.
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(7). Odor
In case domestic waste of the workers is not appropriately treated, it may produce foul odors.
Workers will be strictly instructed to classify and collect garbage and illegal waste disposal will
be prohibited.
Garbage will be collected and stored in a covered container and composted on a periodic basis
and reused as fertilizer.. These measures will be taken to minimize the generation of odor.
Mitigation measures for air pollution, noise and vibration will be implemented as described in
the chapter “Air pollution” and “Noise and vibration” and the impact on the terrestrial
ecosystem will be minimized
Regarding reptiles, since there is little survey data, visual observation of the presence and
absence of turtles and lizards that are endangered will be implemented on the site and nearby,
for precaution.
Local people may be employed as workers by the power plant, and increased purchase of local
materials and equipment items, use of local restaurants and catering service will activate local
economy.
In the operation of the power plant, Oily drainage wastewater from fuel and around the tank of
lubricant, and domestic sewage from office and accommodation for staff will be generated and
may affect water quality of irrigation water by water pollution.
Water pollution will be minimized by mitigation measures cited in “Water pollution” and its
impact on irrigation water is expected to be very limited.
The employment of the local people shall be conducted under publicized employment
conditions to prevent unfair competition.
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(13) Accident
Fire and traffic accidents by operation of facilities and / or vehicles may occur.
Project proponent will develop oil-leakage prevention management plan. Fire-fighting facility,
fire-fighting team, and fire-fighting training will be introduced.
Table 6-43 Results of Environmental Impact Assessment for the Power Plant
Assessment at the Assessment based
scoping survey results
Constru Operatio Construc Operation
ction n period tion period
No. Items period period The Result of Assessment
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
【Pollution prevention】
1 Air pollution D B D A D B D B Construction period:
- Civil engineering work such as land formation,
may cause dust, but the impact should be
temporary.
When wind speed exceeds about 6 m/s, dust on the
ground may be lifted up. The occurrence ratio of
wind speed exceeding about 6 m/s around the
project site is less than 1%.
- Emission of air pollutants (SOx, NOx, PM) from
construction machinery and vehicles will affect air
quality of the surrounding site.
Operation period:
- Gas and light oil will be used as the fuel at the
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Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
power plant. SOx, NOx, and PM will be emitted by
the operation of gas turbine, causing impact on a
broad area.
- According to the field survey conducted by the
Survey Team, it was found that the north side of the
proposed power plant site is a high-elevation area;
therefore, there is a possibility that a part of the
area may have high concentration of pollutants
emitted from the stack, for a certain period,
depending on the wind direction.
The emission concentration of air pollutant in the
exhaust gas will meet the emission standard of Iran
or the standard value of IFC/WB EHS guidelines
(thermal power plant, 2008).
-Wind speeds exceeding 10m/s are extremely rare,
so downwash is expected to rarely occur.
- Around the stack, there is no building causing
occurrence of downdraft.
- The maximum concentration at the ground level
of the pollutants released by the project is
extremely low compared to the Iran's standard and
IFC/WB guidelines.
- Future maximum concentration at ground level
obtained by adding the predicted concentration of
the existing power plants and the new facility to the
background concentration is sufficiently low as
compared with Iran's standards and the EU and the
IFC/WB guidelines.
2 Water pollution D B D B D B D B Construction period:
- Domestic waste water and excrement from
workers, concrete effluent and oil-containing
effluents are generated and may affect the water
quality of the irrigation canal in the surrounding
sea.
Waste water will be checked to comply with the
environmental standard of Iran and IFC/WB EHS
guideline value.
.
Operation period:
The impact of plant waste water, oily drainage
waste water and domestic waste water generated
from the operating power plant is predicted.
The power plant uses a steam turbine and cooling
water from the condenser will be reused through
forced-draft cooling fan system so that thermal
waste water will not be discharged.
Waste water mainly consists of regeneration waste
water from demineralization plant and from Boilers
Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG), which
are not large in amount in a normal operation.
Oily drainage wastewater from the condenser and
the light oil tank will be generated accompanying
domestic sewage from office and accommodation
for staff and rain water.
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Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
These wastewater is treated with oil separator,
neutralization and sedimentation treatment system
and is examined for compliance with waste water
quality standards of Iran and of the IFC/EHS
Guideline for thermal power plants (2008).
Operation period
General waste and hazardous waste will be
generated. General waste includes domestic waste
generated by the project workers within the site,
and hazardous waste includes waste oil from the
operation and maintenance of the facility and
sludge from sedimentation of waste water treatment
facility.
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Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
Vibration may be generated from trailers and
trucks. The vibration level attenuates to
approximately 0dB at 500 meters away, which is
extremely low compared to the noise standard of
Japan, 45dB. The nearest residence is 1.5km away
from the site and the impact of vibration will be
negligible.
Operation period:
Noise level is 58-63 dB (A) at the boundary and the
factory in the vicinity of the power plant site, and
46-65 dB(A) at the workplace and the residential
area near the site. The noise levels at all the
measuring points of boundary and the nearby
workplace comply with the IFC/WB guideline
value (industrial area, daytime).
【Natural environment】
1 Wild life D D D D D D D D Construction period and operation period:
preservation - The site is not located within a preservation area,
area nor is there a preservation area around the site.
2 Terrestrial D B D B D B D B Construction and operation period:
ecosystems and - The site is a developed area for the existing power
rare species plant The flora and fauna observed within the
project area includes several herbaceous species
and rodents species, which are commonly seen in
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Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
the wide area around the site, and no precious
species are observed.
The surrounding area is a dry ecosystem, and this
ecosystem is attributed to the land use as bare land
or agricultural land proceeding in the area, and
endangered species requiring special attention are
not observed.
Although some of the habitats of animals and plants
may disappear due to modification in the site, and
air pollution, noise and vibration during
construction may affect the growth of plants and
behavior of animals in the vicinity, the inhabitation
of these species spreads widely around the project
site, and there is very little influence on the biota.
【Social environment】
1 Resettlement D D D D D D D D Pre-construction period, construction period, and
and Land operation period:
acquisition - The site is a developed area for the existing power
plant and new land acquisition and resettlement
will not occur.
2 Poor People D D D D D D D D Pre-construction period:
The site is a developed area for the existing power
plant and impact on poor people will not occur.
Construction and operation period:
No element that affects the poor people is expected.
3 Ethnic D C D C D D D D Pre-construction period, construction period, and
minorities operation period:
- The site is a developed area for the existing power
plant and impact on ethnic minorities will not
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Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
occur.
- The on-site survey shows that the area around the
site is not inhabited by ethnic minorities.
4 Local economy B D B D B D B D Pre-construction period
including The site is a developed area for the existing power
employment plant and impact on employment and means of
and means of livelihood will not occur.
livelihood Construction period and Operation period:
- The project proponent will employ as many local
residents as possible and make use of the services
(i.e. restaurant and catering service etc.) and
products offered in the local community, as much
as possible which will promote local economy.
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Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
distributed among local people.
Operation period:
- A very small inflow of workers is expected, so the
spread of infectious disease is not expected.
16 Work D B D B D B D B Construction period:
environment - Workers may have accidents during construction
(including labor service.
safety) Operation period:
The labor accidents of workers may occur.
- In the operation phase, works at a high place or
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Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Positive
Positive
Positive
Positive
generating loud noises may cause labor accidents.
【Others】
1 Accidents D B D B D B D B Construction period:
- Traffic accidents may occur during operation of
vehicles.
Operation period:
- Fire and traffic accidents by operation of facilities
and / or vehicles may occur.
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In this regard, Project Management Team (PMT) shall be organized prior to the start of
construction and an expert environmental management administrator in the PMT shall be
employed. The unit will discuss and prepare mitigation measures with the supervision
consultant and the EPC contractor prior to the start of construction.
A large inflow of workers is expected once construction begins. The PMT shall also function as
a grievance organization seeking to understand and address any grievances from local people
during the construction phase, and conduct appropriate mitigation measures.
The PMT shall improve the understanding of the surrounding community regarding
construction details, schedule and mitigation measures, and shall obtain local people’s opinions
and correct the mitigation measures as appropriate.
The administrator of the PMT shall regularly hold explanation sessions with the local
community, continuously listen to their grievances, submit reports to JICA and other relevant
organizations regarding those grievances, as well as the implementation status of environmental
management and environmental monitoring (described hereinafter).
If environmental problems occur due to construction work, the PMT shall confirm the cause
with the contractor as soon as possible.
In order to resolve these problems, the administrator of the PMT shall instruct the contractor and
consultant regarding necessary measures. If the problem is serious, TPPH may order the
contractor to halt construction work until the problem is resolved.
Fig. 6-76 outlines the environmental management and monitoring implementation structure in
accordance with the reporting flow during the construction phase.
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PMT/TPPH
The administrator shall encourage the project staffs to familiarize themselves with the
environmental management plan prior to the start of plant operation, and shall regularly educate
them regarding ongoing matters during the operation phase.
The administrator shall also function as a grievance organization and will strive to understand
and address any grievances from the local people during the operation phase, and conduct
appropriate mitigation measures.
The basic function of the environmental management plan is to closely cooperate with the local
community, and to provide them with sufficient explanations based on positive mitigation
measures, which is very important.
The administrator shall report the contents and implementation status of the environmental
management plan and environmental monitoring plan described below to the director of the
plant and the director of the responsible section, with the director of power plant taking final
responsibility.
The administrator shall regularly provide explanations to the local community, continuously
listen to their grievances, submit reports to JICA and other relevant organizations regarding
those grievances, as well as on the implementation status of environmental management and
environmental monitoring activities (described hereinafter).
Fig. 6-77 outlines the environmental management and monitoring implementation structure in
accordance with the reporting flow during the operation phase.
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Potential
Sources of Standard of Management Period of Management
No Impact to be Objectives Management Effort Cost
Potential Impact Impact Location Management Institution
Managed
generated in the - Waste Prevention of - Implement a waste Construction area construction Contractor/ included in
construction management soil and water management and disposal phase Environmental contract cost by
phase regulation pollution, plan including education Consultant TPPH and
(packaging, (official name malodors and of site workers addressing - Supervisor: TPPH/ Contractor
organic, etc.) yet to be hygiene issues waste reduction, recycling Supervision
2) Hazardous included in this and inadequate waste Consultant
waste generated document) disposal.
in the -Litter separation and
construction storage in an appropriate
phase (exhausted place and method.
batteries) -Compliance with
legislation regarding
general waste and
hazardous waste, and
assuring they are
adequately transported and
treated in the facilities
authorized by DOE, as in
the case of the existing
facility.
4 Soil pollution Leakage of -Hazardous Prevent soil Conduct the lubricants and Construction area During - Implementation: Expenses
lubricants and material pollution in the oils collection in area construction Contractor/ included in
fuels collected by regulation project site where soil permeation does phase Environmental contract cost by
construction not occur (for examples, a Consultant TPPH and
vehicles and concrete layer covered soil) - Supervisor: TPPH/ Contractor
other Supervision
construction Consultant
equipment
5 Noise and 1) Noise and 1)- 2) 1)- 2) 1) Construction machinery 1)- 2) 1)- 2) - Implementation: Expenses
Vibration vibration caused - Noise level - Reduction of - Perform construction - Construction - During Contractor/ included in
by construction standards noise level from work during daytime area construction Environmental contract cost by
machinery - IFC EHS construction - Using low-noise/ low phase Consultant TPPH and
2) Noise caused guideline, noise activities vibration equipment - Supervisor: TPPH/ Contractor
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Potential
Sources of Standard of Management Period of Management
No Impact to be Objectives Management Effort Cost
Potential Impact Impact Location Management Institution
Managed
by vehicles used level values 2) Mobilization Supervision
for mobilization (General/ 2007) - Limit truck speed Consultant
of equipment 1)- 2)
and workers Periodic checks and regular
maintenance of
construction equipment and
vehicles
Adjusting schedule so as to
prevent the concentration
of transporting vehicles on
the site
6 Ground Ground water Water intake Prevention of Reduction of water intake Power plant Operation period TPPH/ environmental Expenses
subsidence intake permission lowering of by waste water reuse of the power Consultant included in
groundwater plant contract cost by
level and ground TPPH and
subsidence Contractor
7 Odor Waste from - Waste Prevention of - Education regarding litter Construction area During - Implementation: Expenses
construction site management generation of separation and prohibition construction Contractor/ included in
(domestic waste) regulation malodors of illegal dumping phase Environmental contract cost by
- Organic waste will be Consultant TPPH and
collected and stored in a - Supervisor: TPPH/ Contractor
container with cap to Supervision
prevent odor regarding Consultant
organic waste, recipients
with lids will be installed
on the site and the waste
periodically collected and
disposed of by municipal
waste company
8 Terrestrial 1) Exhaust gas 1) - 2) 1) - 2) 1) - 2) 1)-3) - During - Implementation: Expenses
ecosystem and from construction Same as “1) Air Same as “1) Air Same as “1) Air Pollution” Construction area construction Contractor/ included in
rare species machinery and Pollution” Pollution” 3) phase Environmental contract cost by
vehicles used for 3) 3) Same as “5) Noise and Consultant Contractor and
mobilization of Same as “5) Same as “5) Vibration” - Supervisor: TPPH/ TPPH
equipment Noise and Noise and Supervision
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Potential
Sources of Standard of Management Period of Management
No Impact to be Objectives Management Effort Cost
Potential Impact Impact Location Management Institution
Managed
2) Noise and Vibration” Vibration” Consultant
vibration from
construction
machinery
3) Noise from
transportation of
workers and
supplies
9 Hydrology Ground water Water intake Prevention of Minimization of water Construction area Construction - Implementation: Expenses
(ground water) intake permission lowering of intake through water reuse period Contractor/ included in
groundwater Environmental contract cost by
level Consultant Contractor and
- Supervisor: TPPH/ TPPH
Supervision
Consultant
10 Local - Employment for - - Activation of - Employ as many local - Construction - During - Implementation: Expenses
economy local residents the local residents as possible area construction Contractor/ included in
including - Local supply economy - Use the services (i.e., phase Environmental contract cost by
employment and machinery - Increase the laundry and catering Consultant Contractor and
and means of standard of services, etc.) and products - Supervisor: TPPH/ TPPH
livelihood living of the offered by the local Supervision
local population community Consultant
11 Water use 1) Groundwater 1) Water intake 1)Prevention of 1) Minimization of water 1)-4) 1)-4) - Implementation: Expenses
intake permission lowering of intake through waste water - Construction - During Contractor/ included in
2) Wastewater 2)- 4) ground water reuse area construction Environmental contract cost by
from concrete Same as “2) level 2)- 4) phase Consultant Contractor and
3) Oily Water 2)-4) Same as “2) Water - Supervisor: TPPH/ TPPH
wastewater Pollution” Minimize the Pollution” Supervision
4) Domestic impact to fishery Consultant
waste water from by preventing
the site workers water pollution
12 Unfair Employment - Promote local - Present employment - Construction - During - Implementation: Expenses
distribution of distribution in the employment and opportunities with clearly area construction Contractor/ included in
damage and area could be avoiding a explained pre-requisites phase Environmental contract cost by
benefit unfair feeling of Consultant Contractor and
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Sources of Standard of Management Period of Management
No Impact to be Objectives Management Effort Cost
Potential Impact Impact Location Management Institution
Managed
unfairness - Supervisor: TPPH/ TPPH
within the Supervision
community Consultant
13 Conflicts Conflict between - Cooperation - Employ as many local - Construction - During - Implementation: Expenses
regarding the local with the local residents as possible area and the construction Contractor/ included in
benefits and population and population - Respect local habits and surrounding area phase Environmental contract cost by
damages manpower traditions Consultant Contractor and
within the coming from - Promote cultural - Supervisor: TPPH/ TPPH
region other regions exchange with the local Supervision
population (for instance, Consultant
participating in a local
event)
14 Children’s Potential increase - - Prohibit child - Prohibit labor contracts - Construction - During - Implementation: Expenses
rights in school labor with minors area construction Contractor/ included in
abandonment - Conduct periodical phase Environmental contract cost by
due to child labor inspections regarding child Consultant Contractor and
labor - Supervisor: TPPH/ TPPH
Supervision
Consultant
15 Infectious - Temporary - - Consideration - Education and training on - Construction - During - Implementation: Expenses
Diseases such influx of migrant of sanitation of workers’ infectious disease area construction Contractor/ included in
as HIV/AIDS labor during local residents and health care phase Environmental contract cost by
construction may Installation of medical Consultant Contractor and
increase risk of facility and medial staff. - Supervisor: TPPH/ TPPH
infection - Implementation of Supervision
periodic medical check-ups Consultant
16 Work High risk of labor - Work safety - Labor safety - Prepare a manual for - Construction - During - Implementation: Expenses
Conditions accidents in standards and prevention labor accident prevention area construction Contractor/ included in
(Including construction established in of health including safety education phase Environmental contract cost by
Work safety) work: Iran problems and training: Consultant Contractor and
- Handling heavy - EHS - Provide workers with - Supervisor: TPPH/ TPPH
loads Guidelines on appropriate protective Supervision
- Working at the IFC/WB equipment such as a Consultant
heights (General, 2007) helmet, safety boots, safety
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Potential
Sources of Standard of Management Period of Management
No Impact to be Objectives Management Effort Cost
Potential Impact Impact Location Management Institution
Managed
- High-noise belt, mask, electric shock
work prevention equipment,
earplugs, etc.
- Establish clear signs to
identify the location of
hazardous or toxic material
- Create a “User Manual”
for equipment such as
cranes
17 Accidents Traffic accidents - Prevent traffic - Consider adequate traffic Roads During - Implementation: Expenses
accidents rules and timing surrounding the construction Contractor/ included in
- Compliance with local construction area phase Environmental contract cost by
traffic rules and safe Consultant Contractor and
driving training - Supervisor: TPPH/ TPPH
Supervision
Consultant
Operational Stage
1 Air Pollution Operation of gas - Gas emission - Prevention of - Introduction of Low NOx - Power plant - During - TPPH/ Expenses of
turbine generates standards (Iran) air pollution in combustion technology to operational Environmental equipment
emissions of - IFC/WB EHS the surrounding reduce the total emission of phase Consultant included in
NOx in case gas guideline area NO2. contract cost by
fuel is used, and emission gas - A continuous emission TPPH and
emission of standard monitoring system (CEMS) Contractor.
SOx, NOx, and (Thermal power will be installed in the duct, Other expenses
PM in case light plant, 2008) and emissions will be included in the
oil is used. -Air quality compared with operation/mainte
standards (Iran) international emissions nance cost of
-Air quality standards and Iran’s TPPH (2%/year
standards of standards of project cost).
IFC/WB EHS
guideline(Gener
al, 2007)
2 Water 1) Oily water 1) - 2) 1)-2) 1) 1) - 2) 1) - 2) - TPPH/ Expenses of
Pollution including rain - IFC/WB EHS - Prevention of - Wastewater will be - Power plant - During Environmental equipment
water guideline marine pollution collected, and its related operational Consultant included in
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Sources of Standard of Management Period of Management
No Impact to be Objectives Management Effort Cost
Potential Impact Impact Location Management Institution
Managed
2) domestic effluent neutralization, phase contract cost by
waste water standard(Therm sedimentation and oil TPPH and
al power plant, separation equipment will Contractor.
2008) be installed. Treated Other expenses
-Iran’s effluent wastewater will be included in the
standards periodically checked operation/mainte
- IFC/WB EHS against the IFC/WB EHS nance cost of
guideline standards TPPH (2%/year
domestic 2) of project cost).
wastewater -Wastewater treatment for
standard(Gener domestic water will be
al, 2007) installed. The treated water
will be periodically
checked against IFC/WB
EHS guideline and Iran’s
standard.
3 Waste 1) Hazardous 1) - 2) 1) - 2) 1) - 2) 1) - 2) 1) - 2) - TPPH/
waste from - Waste - Prevention of - Implement a waste - Power plant - During Environmental Expenses
wastewater management inadequate management and disposal operational Consultant included in the
treatment regulation waste disposal plan including education of phase operation/mainte
(sludge, oils) site workers addressing nance cost of
2) Domestic waste reduction, recycling TPPH (2%/year
waste from and inadequate waste of project cost)
construction disposal.
workers -Litter separation and
storage in an appropriate
place and method.
-Compliance with
legislation regarding
general waste and
hazardous waste, and
assuring they are
adequately transported and
treated in facilities
authorized by DOE.
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Potential
Sources of Standard of Management Period of Management
No Impact to be Objectives Management Effort Cost
Potential Impact Impact Location Management Institution
Managed
-
4 Soil pollution Leakage of -Hazardous Prevent soil Conduct the lubricants and Power plant During TPPH/ Environmental Expenses of
lubricants and material pollution in the oils collection in area operational Consultant equipment
fuels used for regulation project site where soil permeation does phase included in
operation of the not occur (for examples, a contract cost by
facilities concrete layer covered soil) TPPH and
Contractor.
Other expenses
included in the
operation/mainte
nance cost of
TPPH (2%/year
of project cost).
5 Noise and 1) Noise and 1)-2 1)-2) 1)-2) 1) - 2) 1) - 2) - TPPH/ Expenses of
vibration vibration caused - IFC/WB EHS - Mitigation of - Introduction of low noise - Power plant - During Environmental equipment
by construction Guidelines noise from the type or enclosed type operational Consultant included in
machinery noise level power plant equipment phase contract cost by
2) Noise caused standards -Mitigation of - Maintaining equipment by TPPH and
by vehicles used (General, 2007) vibration from periodical check Contractor.
for mobilization the power plant - Introduction of low Other expenses
of equipment vibration equipment included in the
and workers - Periodical check of operation/mainte
equipment nance cost of
- Reduce vibration by TPPH (2%/year
selecting a solid foundation of project cost).
6 Land Groundwater Water intake Prevention of Reduction of water intake Power plant - TPPH/ Expenses
subsidence intake permission lowering of through waste water reuse Environmental included in the
groundwater Consultant operation/mainte
level and ground nance cost of
subsidence TPPH (2%/year
of project cost).
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Potential
Sources of Standard of Management Period of Management
No Impact to be Objectives Management Effort Cost
Potential Impact Impact Location Management Institution
Managed
7 Odor Domestic waste - Waste Prevention of - Organic waste will be Power plant - During - TPPH/ Expenses of
from project management malodors collected and stored in a operational Environmental equipment
workers (organic regulation container with cap to phase of the Consultant included in
waste) (official name prevent odor. power plant. contract cost by
yet to be - Prohibit illegal dumping TPPH and
included in this Contractor.
document) Other expenses
included in the
operation/mainte
nance cost of
TPPH (2%/year
of project cost).
8 Terrestrial 1) Emissions of 1) Same as “Air 1) Maintain 1) Same as “Air Pollution” 1) - 3) 1) - 3) - TPPH/ Expenses of
ecosystem and SOx, NOx, PM Pollution” conditions for - Power plant - During Environmental equipment
rare species generated from the growth of 2) - 3) operational Consultant included in
the gas turbine 2) - 3) native plant Same as “Noise and phase of the contract cost by
2) Operation of Same as “ Noise 2) - 3) vibration” power plant TPPH and
equipment and vibration” Maintain Contractor.
generating noise conditions for Other expenses
3) Operation of the growth of included in the
equipment native animals operation/mainte
generating nance cost of
vibration TPPH (2%/year
of project cost).
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Potential
Sources of Standard of Management Period of Management
No Impact to be Objectives Management Effort Cost
Potential Impact Impact Location Management Institution
Managed
and means of standard of services, etc.) and products TPPH (2%/year
livelihood living of the offered by the local of project cost).
local population community
11 Water Use 1) Plant 1) Water intake 1) Prevention of 1) Minimization of water 1)-3) Power plant 1) - 3) - TPPH/ Expenses
wastewater permission lowering of intake by waste water reuse - During Environmental included in the
2) Oily water and 2)- 3) ground water 2)- 3) operational Consultant operation/mainte
rain water Same as “Water level Same as “2) Water phase nance cost of
3) Wastewater Pollution” 2)-3) Pollution” TPPH (2%/year
from the Minimize the of project cost).
construction site impact to water
quality ofthe
irrigation canal
by preventing
water pollution
12 Unfair Employment - Promote local - Present employment - Power plant - During - TPPH/ Expenses
distribution of distribution in the employment and opportunities with clearly operational Environmental included in the
damage and area could be avoiding a explained pre-requisites phase Consultant operation/mainte
benefit unfair. feeling of nance cost of
unfairness TPPH (2%/year
within the of project cost).
community
13 Work Labor accidents - Occupational - Labor safety - Prepare a manual for - Power plant - During - TPPH/ Expenses
Conditions involving: standards and prevention labor accident prevention operational Environmental included in the
(including established in of health including safety education phase Consultant operation/mainte
work safety) Working at Iran problems and training: nance cost of
heights - IFC/WB EHS -- Provide workers with TPPH (2%/year
- High-noise Guidelines(Gen appropriate protective of project cost).
work eral, 2007) equipment such as a
helmet, safety boots, safety
belt, mask, electric shock
prevention equipment,
earplugs, etc.
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Potential
Sources of Standard of Management Period of Management
No Impact to be Objectives Management Effort Cost
Potential Impact Impact Location Management Institution
Managed
hazardous or toxic material
2) Traffic accidents
- Investigate adequate
traffic rules and timing
- Education to promote safe
driving
15 Transboundar CO2 emissions Amount of CO2 Reduction of Utilization of Power plant During - TPPH/ Expenses of
y effects and emissions CO2 emissions high-efficiency gas turbine operational Environmental equipment
climate per kW phase of the Consultant included in
change power plant contract cost by
TPPH and
Contractor.
Other expenses
included in the
operation/mainte
nance cost of
TPPH (2%/year
of project cost).
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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The environmental components that will be monitored are those which will be negatively
affected by the construction activities and to determine that the effectiveness of mitigation
measures should be confirmed.
The major environmental impact, monitoring method, responsible organizations, and expenses
for each environmental item in the construction and operation phases for the power plant are
listed in Table 6-45.
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Monitoring Method
Significant
Method of
No Impact to be Monitored Parameter Duration and Responsible Organization Cost
Collecting and Location
Monitored Frequency
Analyzing Data
Construction Phase
1 Air pollution, Air quality of the surrounding area Analyzing air Air quality of -Once (1 week) - Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
terrestrial - PM10, SO2, NO2 quality the surrounding in period where Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
ecosystem and - Ambient air quality standard of area construction Environmental Consultant Contractor.
precious species Iran - 1 point: activity - Supervisor: TPPH/ Measurement of air
- IFC/WB EHS guideline, ambient Residential area becomes Supervision Consultant quality:6,000USD
air quality standard (General/ 2007) in the north of maximum
the power plant
2 Water pollution -Quality of discharged water (TSS, - Evaluation of -Discharged -Discharged - Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
pH, Oil, BOD, Coliforms, etc.) effect of the water water Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
- Iran Wastewater discharge mitigation measure - 1 point: - at the timing Environmental Consultant Contractor.
standards and ambient water quality of water pollution of discharge - Supervisor: TPPH/ Measurement of water
standard Supervision Consultant quality:2,000USD
- IFC/WB EHS guideline,
wastewater standard (Thermal
Power/ 2008)
3 Waste, Odor - Type and volume of waste as well - Record of type and - Contractor’s - Continuously - Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
as disposal method volume of waste as office Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
- Waste management regulation well as disposal Environmental Consultant Contractor.
method - Supervisor: TPPH/
Supervision Consultant
4 Soil - Management record of oil and - Record of type and Contractor’s - Continuously - Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
contamination chemical substances. volume of waste as office Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
・Leakage accident well as disposal Environmental Consultant Contractor.
method - Supervisor: TPPH/
Supervision Consultant
5 Noise and Noise level - Measurement - 5 points: On -Once (one - Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
Vibration - Noise standards using noise level the border of the week) in period Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
- IFC/WB EHS guideline, noise meter site (4 points ), where Environmental Consultant Contractor.
level standard the residential construction - Supervisor: TPPH/
(General/2007)) area near the activity Supervision Consultant Measurement of noise
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Monitoring Method
Significant
Method of
No Impact to be Monitored Parameter Duration and Responsible Organization Cost
Collecting and Location
Monitored Frequency
Analyzing Data
power plant (1 becomes level:5,000USD/year
point) maximum
6 Ground Groundwater level of the well Measurement of 7 points at the Regularly. Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
subsidence, groundwater level existing wells Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
hydrology, Environmental Consultant Contractor.
water use - Supervisor: TPPH/
Supervision Consultant
7 Terrestrial -Land modification -Record of precious -The project site -Regularly. -Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
ecosystem and -Generation of air pollution, noise species of reptile. and the Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
precious species and vibration. surrounding Environmental Consultant Contractor.
area. - Supervisor: TPPH/
Supervision Consultant
8 Local economy -Number of workers employed from -Information from -Contractor’s - Continuously Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
including the local area and the number of the the relevant office Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
employment subcontractor in the local area. organizations -Construction Environmental Consultant Contractor.
and means of -Interview with the area - Supervisor: TPPH/
livelihood, local people Supervision Consultant
Unfair
distribution of
loss and benefit,
Conflict of
interests within
the local area
9 Rights of Existence of child labor Confirmation of the -Contractor’s - Continuously - Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
children work contract of the office Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
subcontractor -Construction Environmental Consultant Contractor.
Record of regular area - Supervisor: TPPH/
patrol Supervision Consultant
10 HIV/AIDS and -Record of training -Record of training -Contractor’s - Continuously - Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
other infectious -Record of health check -Record of health office Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
diseases -Record of medical treatment check Environmental Consultant Contractor.
- Supervisor: TPPH/
Supervision Consultant
11 Work Record of accidents - Record of - Contractor’s - Continuously - Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
Environment - Handling heavy loads accidents office Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
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Monitoring Method
Significant
Method of
No Impact to be Monitored Parameter Duration and Responsible Organization Cost
Collecting and Location
Monitored Frequency
Analyzing Data
(Including Work - Working at heights Environmental Consultant Contractor.
Safety) - Electric shock - Supervisor: TPPH/
Supervision Consultant
12 Accident -Record of accidents -Record of - Contractor’s - Continuously - Implementation: Expenses included in cost by
-Driving of vehicles accidents office Contractor/ TPPH and contract cost by the
Environmental Consultant Contractor.
- Supervisor: TPPH/
Supervision Consultant
Operation Stage
1 Air pollution, 1)Exhaust gas 1) Exhaust gas 1) Stack outlet 1) Continuous - TPPH/ Environmental - CEMS
terrestrial SOx, NOx, PM - CEMS measurement of Consultant Expense of CEMS installation
ecosystem and - Emission gas standards of Iran (Continuous 2) 5 points in gas emission included in cost by TPPH and
precious species - IFC/WB EHS guideline, emission Emission the surrounding contract cost by the Contractor.
gas standard(Thermal power plant/ Monitoring System) residential area 2) 4 times a year
2008) (based on the (24 hours, one Management and measurement
2) Ambient air prediction result week) for the of CEMS included in the
2)Ambient air of the area :SO2, NO2, quality analysis and according to first 3 years of operation/maintenance cost of
PM10 the operation TPPH (2%/year of project cost).
- Ambient air quality standards of measurement
Iran points of the Air quality
- IFC/WB EHS guideline, e current air measurement:40,000USD$/year
Ambient air quality standards quality survey)
(General / 2007)
2 Water pollution -Quality of discharged water (TSS, - Evaluation of 1) Discharged 1) Discharged - TPPH/ Environmental Water quality
pH, Oil, BOD, Coliforms, etc.) effect of the water water Consultant measurement:8,000USD$/year
- Wastewater discharge standards of mitigation measure - 1 point: outlet -4 times a year
Iran of water pollution point of
- IFC/WB EHS Guideline, wastewater
wastewater standard (Thermal treatment plant
Power plant, 2008)
3 Waste, odor - Type and volume of waste as well - Record of type and - Power plant - Continuously - TPPH Expenses included in the
as disposal method volume of waste as office operation/maintenance cost of
- Waste management regulation well as disposal TPPH (2%/year of project cost).
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Monitoring Method
Significant
Method of
No Impact to be Monitored Parameter Duration and Responsible Organization Cost
Collecting and Location
Monitored Frequency
Analyzing Data
method
4 Soil - Management record of oil and - Record of type and - Power plant - Continuously - TPPH Expenses included in the
contamination chemical substances. volume of waste as office operation/maintenance cost of
・Leakage accident well as disposal TPPH (2%/year of project cost).
method
5 Noise and Noise level - Measurement - 5points: On -Four times a - TPPH/ Environmental Noise level
Vibration - Noise standards using noise level the border of the year Consultant measurement:20,000USD$/year
- IFC/WB EHS guideline, noise meter site (4 points
level standard added to the
(General/2007)) existing
facility), one
point
(residential area
near the power
plant)
6 Ground Groundwater level of the well Measurement of 7 points at the Regularly Implementation: Expenses included in the
subsidence, groundwater level existing wells Contractor/ operation/maintenance cost of
hydrology, Environmental Consultant TPPH (2%/year of project cost).
water use - Supervisor: TPPH/
Supervision Consultant
7 Terrestrial -Generation of air pollution, noise -Record of precious -The project site -Regularly. -TPPH Expenses included in the
ecosystem and and vibration. species of reptile. and the operation/maintenance cost of
precious species surrounding TPPH (2%/year of project cost).
area.
8 Local economy -Number of workers employed from -Record of -Power plant - Continuously - TPPH Expenses included in the
including the local area employment office operation/maintenance cost of
employment TPPH (2%/year of project cost).
and means of
livelihood,
Unfair
distribution of
loss and benefit
9 Work - Labor accidents - Record of -Power plant - Continuously - TPPH Expenses included in the
Environment - Handling heavy loads accidents operation/maintenance cost of
(Including Work - Working at heights TPPH (2%/year of project cost).
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Monitoring Method
Significant
Method of
No Impact to be Monitored Parameter Duration and Responsible Organization Cost
Collecting and Location
Monitored Frequency
Analyzing Data
Safety) - Electric shocks
10 Accident -Record of fire accidents -Record of - Power plant - Continuously - TPPH Expenses included in the
accidents office operation/maintenance cost of
TPPH (2%/year of project cost).
11 Transboundary - Amount of CO2 emissions - Calculation of - Power plant - Once a year - TPPH Expenses included in the
effects and CO2 emission based office operation/maintenance cost of
climate change on the fuel TPPH (2%/year of project cost).
consumption.
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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The timing of holding each stakeholder meeting, the target participants, explanation contents
and the outline of Q & A at the time of scoping are shown in Table 6-46 and Table 6-47.
The staffs of the environmental department in the surrounding municipality and the settlement
leaders were concerned about the impact of water consumption and the air pollution in the
surrounding residents and agriculture. Concerning the adaption of forced-draft cooling tower
system and air quality, increase of investigation points to 5 points at different times was an
important issue.
Table 6-47 Main questions, opinions and answers at the First Stakeholder Meeting
Questions/opinions(speaker) Answer
It is necessary to thoroughly examine whether the future In Qazvin province, the growth rate of electricity demand is
environmental pollution and water consumption will be about 10% per year. This project will reduce pollutant
reduced with the latest generation equipment. ( local emissions per kwh. (TPPH)
municipal officials in the environmental department)
I would like to know whether renewable energy is a Regarding the power generation facility of this capacity,
better choice or not for this scale of generation capacity. the stability is the most important in view of voltage of
(Local resident) transmission line net and others, and I am confirmed that
this project is the best choice. (TPPH)
What about the employment creation and impact on For non-experts, we are planning to employ local people as
agriculture?(Settlement leader) much as possible.
Regarding the impact of agriculture, we believe that there
will be no impact as long as the standards and guidelines of
the Environment Bureau are met. (TPPH)
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What kind of technology transfer is there due to the This is an issue to be considered, and for construction, we
construction of the gas turbine (local resident) are planning to employ 30% of the staff locally. (TPPH)
In order to make effective use of the results of the We will consider the opinion. (TPPH)
simulation, I propose to measure the air quality at
different times at around 5 points.(environmental expert
in University )
How much water consumption is expected in the new 280m3 per day will be consumed in the plan. Installation of
power plant? We are concerned about the impact. the forced draft air-cooled cooling tower will be examined.
(municipal water office) (TPPH)
How much MW will be distributed to Qazvin province? This issue will be discussed by the relevant organization.
(municipal officer in the relevant department) (TPPH)
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
In the EIA procedure in Iran, information disclosure and stakeholder’s meeting are not
conducted. The first stakeholder meeting was mainly attended by the municipal officers and
leaders of the settlement, with little participant from the general inhabitants, and no women
participated.
The participation of the general inhabitants and women to the stakeholder’s meeting is difficult
due to the religious and customary situation in this area, and for this reason, the questionnaire
was conducted with the aim of collecting as much as possible the opinions of female residents
and ordinary people.
10 villages around the power station were selected and a questionnaire survey was conducted
with 2 men and 2 women from each village.
The implementation of the questionnaire had to be conducted upon prior consultation with the
leader of each settlement, which was difficult in certain cases. The survey could be actually
conducted for male and female among general inhabitants in 10 villages, respectively. Among
them, the questionnaire was conducted in 9 villages for both man and women whereas it could
be conducted for either men or women in 2 villages.
The implementation period and the target village of the survey are shown in Table 6-48 and Fig.
6-78.
Table 6-48 Implementation schedule of questionnaire survey
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The survey was conducted using questionnaire form to collect data including occupation, age,
education history, electricity and fuel use situation, water use, main diseases, medical
institutions, problem awareness about pollution, income, expenditure, opinions on the existing
power plant and new power plant.
According to the results of the questionnaire survey from the residents, regarding the current
environmental situation, dust in the air is the issue of concern, which represents the
characteristics of the area with little precipitation and sand dust frequently occurs in strong
wind.
Both males and females who were the subject of the questionnaire survey had mainly the
following opinions about the implementation of this project at the existing power station.
·The existing power plants should be updated against contamination with the latest technology.
·The local labor force should be utilized during construction and operation.
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Table 6-50 Main questions, opinions and answers at the second stakeholder meeting
Questions and opinions(speaker) Answer
The power generation of Qazvin State in the The total power generation needs in Iran will reach
average is more than 5 times the power at least 120 thousand MW by 2025.
consumption of Qazvin State. At the peak period, The request from the State of Iran for cooperation
the power generation is more than twice of the from Japan is to construct a new J class power
power consumption of Qazvin State. plant with high technology and to modernize the
Qazvin profits from good wind power, and it present power plant, and construction of wind
would be more favorable to abandon the old power or solar power plant is not included.
power plant within 5 to 15 years and construct a (TPPH)
new wind power plant.
I think it is better to convert the cost for
contrition of the combined cycle into
construction of the wind power station which
may solve many environmental problems.
In order to maintain (secure) the power source At present, the government is presenting private
and voltage, the power plants should be sector investors with the construction of combined
distributed over the country. Why is additional power plants, the construction of distributed power
investment planned in the power development in plants, and the construction of wind power plants.
Qazvin State? (administrative department of the The maximum output of a wind power station is 8
municipality) hours a day, and it is necessary to secure stable
power production means for the remaining 16
hours, and also there is a need from the production
department for a power station to generate
permanent electricity.
It should be noted that renewable energies are also
not completely free from environmental impact.
Power stations require a large land and significant
land modifications. Shahid Rajaee power station
occupies only 350 hectares of area. The
construction of renewable power stations in some
countries aims at the reduction of fossil fuels, but
Iran has a large amount of gas production, and it is
necessary to utilize such energy.
(TPPH)
Will Japan continuously cooperate with Iran in The situation in the world is changing, but we need
this project? (administrative department of the to cooperate with Japan for the implementation of
municipality) the project.
I wish the employment of the local people for It is necessary to acquire experience, training and
construction and operation of the facility specialized learning for employment at the power
(resident, women) station. People who want to learn are invited to the
training course, and after the end of the training
course, they can take the employment test at the
Ministry of Energy.
We plan to hire 30% of the planned employment
from the local area.
Source: prepared by JICA Study Team
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6.11 Confirmation on the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (LARAP)
There is no house within the site and the nearest residential area is a small village located about
1.5 km to its north and there is no residential area nearer to the power plant. Consequently,
resettlement will not occur.
Fuel to be used for power generation will be supplied from the gas pressure reducing facilities
outside the site currently in use for the existing power plant through a new pipeline to be
installed in the existing pipeline installation area in the site.
Also, gas oil will be supplied from the gas oil tank installed for the existing power plant via a
pipeline planned to be newly constructed within the site. In consequence, additional land
acquisition and resettlement of the local residents will not occur.
Regarding the EIA approval schedule, risk assessment is considered an important item, and a
detailed safety analysis method, which is normally not required in the EIA in other countries, is
required for the gas supply facility and the incineration facility, which are not a subject in the
F/S report by the Study Team. In this regard, an additional period for implementing risk
assessment will be necessary based on F/S report by employing a consultant. In consequence,
TPPH considers that it will take approximately one year for obtaining the approval from DOE
after receiving F/S report from the Study Team.
The EIA report will be disclosed in Persian language at the state and provincial DOE.
During the construction and operation, licensing other than EIA is not required, but the approval
by TPPH is necessary for the monitoring results during construction and operation submitted
from TPPH in relation to the EIA. The results of the monitoring are published at the local DOE.
In concrete, the monitoring reports during construction and operation phase (including working
safety report) will be submitted every month to DOE, and will be examined by the monitoring
committee consisting of DOE and TPPH every three months.
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Source: JICA Climate-FIT (Mitigation) Climate Finance Impact Tool for Mitigation, 2011
Fig. 6-79 Images of Emissions Reductions
Where,
BEy: Baseline emission (GHG emission with low-efficiency existing power plants),
(t-CO2/y)
EGBLy: Reduction of net electrical output by the existing power plants, which shall
be equivalent to the power output of new power plant EGPJy, (MWh/y)
EFBLy: CO2 emission factor of the electricity for the low-efficiency power plant,
(t-CO2/MWh)
There are three options for calculations of baseline emission coefficient (t-CO2/MWh)
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The images of operating margin (OM) and build margin (BM) emissions coefficient are
shown in Fig. 6-80.
Source: http://gec.jp/gec/jp/Activities/cdm_meth/pACM0002-old-080414.pdf
Fig. 6-80 Images of OM and BM
Where,
PEPJ,y: Project emission (GHG emission after project activity (t-CO2/y))
EGPJ,y: Yearly electricity generating capacity after the project (transmission end
efficiency) (MWh/y)
EFPJ,y: CO2 emission coefficient of electricity generation (t-CO2/MWh)
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Where,
EFPJy: Project CO2 emission factor of electricity, (t-CO2/MWh)
COEFi: CO2 emission coefficient of fuel “i” per calorific value, (t-CO2/TJ)
ηPJ,y: Planned value of generation efficiency after improvement, (%)
0.0036: Conversion factor of electric energy (megawatt hour) to thermal energy
(tera-jule), (TJ/MWh)
Since not only combined cycle power plants but also conventional thermal power plants
are programmed for the future plan in Iran, using combined margin (CM) as baseline
emission seems to be more conservative and appropriate than using build margin (BM).
Therefore, we adopt here combined margin (CM) as baseline emission factor.
Table 6-52 Calculation of CO2 emission coefficients for Shahid Rajaee Project
Item Unit Value Remarks
Total power generation MW 1,117.6 558.8MW×2
Gas turbine MW 766.8 383.4×2
Steam turbine MW 350.8 175.4×2
Capacity factor(CF) % 86.7
Higher heating value, HHV kJ/kg 50,370
Lower heating value, LHV kJ/kg 45,370
Carbon content in fuel, C% weight% 68.90
CO2 emission coefficient of fuel, COEFi t-CO2/TJ 55.64 Note-1)
Net generation efficiency of new power
% 58.7
plant, ηPJ/y
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6.14 Others
6.14.1 The checklist
Table 6-54 shows environmental checklist for the power plant.
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(b)
The project uses gas and light oil for fuel, not coal-fired power plant.
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(a-2)N The total amount of waste water will be approximately 380m3 per day at the
maximum. Wastewater from water purification system and waste water from the
exhaust heat recovery boiler is treated with neutralization and sedimentation
treatment system and is examined for compliance with waste water quality standards
(b) N/A of Iran and of the IFC/EHS Guideline for thermal power plants (2008). Oily
(2) Water Quality drainage wastewater will be collected in the wastewater treatment system for oil
(a-2) Is there a possibility that in certain area separation to comply with water quality standards of the IFC/EHS Guideline for
the environmental standard of Iran is not (c) Y thermal power plants (2008). Domestic wastewater from worker’s camp is treated in
the septic tank to comply with Iran's standards and IFC/EHS Guideline values
satisfied or high-temperature water area
(general, 2007).
emerges due to water discharge?
All these waste water is discharged into the drainage tank, similar to the existing
(b) In case of coal-fired power plant, does power plant, and reused to the possible extent for greening or other purpose. If the
leachate from coal storage site or coal discharge amount is found to be too large for complete reuse during the regular
disposal site meeti the environmental checkup, the excess water will be discharged into the irrigation canal and may be
standard of Iran? used for agriculture in the surrounding area.
(c) Will any mitigation measure be (a-2)
conducted so as not to contaminate surface With the above-described measures, the area not meeting the environmental
water, soil and groundwater and sea water? standard of Iran is barely expected.
(b)
The project uses gas and light oil for fuel, not coal-fired power plant.
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(a)N At the operation stage of the power plant, water will be taken from the authorized
wells used for the existing facility at the maximum rate of 300m3 per day . Water
intake will be conducted within the range of permission and will be minimized
(5) Ground through water reuse.
subsidence The lowering of water level in the existing wells and land subsidence in the
surrounding area of the site are not observed. The monitoring of ground water level
will be continuously conducted .
(a) Is there a source of bad odor? Is any (a)Y In case domestic waste of the workers is not appropriately treated, it may produce
(6)Odor mitigation measure taken? foul odors. Workers will be strictly instructed to classify and collect garbage and
illegal waste disposal will be prohibited. Garbage will be collected and stored in a
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(a) Is the project site located in protected (a) N (a) The site is not located within a preservation area, nor is there a preservation area
areas designated by the country’s laws or around the site.
(1) Protected Areas international treaties and conventions? Is
there a possibility that the project will affect
the protected areas?
(a) Does the project site encompass primeval (a)N (a) - The site is a developed area for the existing power plant and wild forest,
forests, tropical rain forests, ecologically tropical natural forest, habitat of precious species do not exist.
valuable habitats (e.g., coral reefs,
mangroves, or tidal flats)? (b)N (b)
Only limited terrestrial flora and fauna are inhabited including rodents grasses.
These are commonly observed, broadly-inhabiting species and no precious species
are observed. Consequently, the direct impact of land alteration will be very limited.
(c)N/A
3 Natural (c) The land around the project site is bare land or agricultural land, and the
Environment affected biota is not expected to be significant.
(d)N
(2) Ecosystem (d) Water will be taken from groundwater in the power plant, not from rivers. Rivers
are far from the site and the impact of ground water intake is not predicted.
(b) Does the project site encompass the
protected habitats of endangered species (e)N (e) The power plant uses a steam turbine and cooling water from the condenser will
designated by the country’s laws or be reused through forced-draft cooling fan system so that thermal waste water will
international treaties and conventions? not be discharged.
Water discharged into the irrigation canal will be appropriately treated and no
turbidity and the impact to aquatic organism is predicted.
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(a) Is involuntary resettlement caused by (a)N (a) The site is a developed area for the existing power plant and new land acquisition
project implementation? If involuntary and resettlement is not predicted.
resettlement is caused, are efforts made to
minimize the impacts caused by the
resettlement? (b)-(j)N/A (b)-(j) N/A
4 Social
(1) Resettlement
Environment
(b) Will an adequate explanation on
compensation and resettlement assistance be
given to affected people prior to
resettlement?
(c) Is the resettlement plan, including
compensation with full replacement costs,
restoration of livelihoods and living
standards developed based on
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(d)
(d) Is there a possibility that diseases, (d)Y -- The inflow of workers from other parts of Iran or foreign countries may induce
including infectious diseases, such as HIV the spread of infectious diseases.
Local people should be recruited as much as possible so as to minimize the risk of
will be brought due to immigration of
infectious diseases being transmitted from external workers.
workers associated with the project? Are Education and training concerning infectious diseases and health for workers,
adequate considerations given to public placement of medical facility and staffs, periodic medical check-ups should be
health, if necessary? conducted.
(e) Fishery is not conducted around the power plant site. Ground water intake by the
project may cause continuous impact on the water use in the surrounding area, but
(e)N mitigation measures will be taken as described in the chapter “Subsidence and
hydrology (ground water)” and the impact of water intake to the groundwater use
will be insignificant.
Water turbidity may affect the water quality of the irrigation canal.
Water pollution will be minimized by mitigation measures cited in “Water pollution”
and its impact on irrigation water is expected to be very limited.
(5) Ethnic (a) Are considerations given to reduce the (a-b) N/A (a)
Minorities and impacts on the culture and lifestyle of ethnic - - The site is a developed area within the existing power plant site and land
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<Water turbidity>
- The precipitation in Iran is very low and turbid water will not occur.
<Dust/gas emission>
Dust caused by the strong winds in the dry season can be reduced with periodic
watering of the site and road.
- There will be periodic maintenance and management of all construction machinery
and vehicles as a way to reduce dust and exhaust gas discharged from such
equipment.
(b) If construction activities adversely affect (b) Y
Adjustment of the construction schedule will be considered in advance in order to
the natural environment (ecosystem), are avoid the concentration of machinery and vehicles in one specific period.
adequate measures considered to reduce
impacts? <Waste>
Basically, a waste management and disposal program including education of
workers to encourage reduction and reuse of waste and prevent inappropriate waste
disposal will be developed.
Waste will be collected separately and stored in an appropriate place and method.
Paper wastes and iron scraps will be recycled, and other general wastes will be
appropriately disposed of, as with the case in the existing facility.
(c) Y All of the hazardous waste will be transported to he landfill site authorized by
(c) If construction activities adversely affect DOE and equipped with ground-seepage prevention within the power plant site for
the social environment, are adequate disposal.
measures considered to reduce impacts?
(b)
The site is a developed area within the existing power plant site mostly covered with
artificial structures. Only limited terrestrial flora and fauna are inhabited including
rodents grasses. These are commonly observed, broadly-inhabiting species and no
precious species are observed.
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(a) In case of coal-fired power plant, will the (a)N/A (a) The project relates to the power plant using gas and light oil fuel, not a coal-fired
(2)Accident
preventive measure against spontaneous fire plant.
prevention
in coal storage prepared (sprinkler, etc)?
(a) Will the proponent develop and (a) Y (a)
implement a monitoring program for the - An Environmental Monitoring Plan will be prepared by the project proponent
items described above that are considered to regarding the environmental items that may be affected. (b)
have potential environmental impacts? - Main monitoring items, method and frequency are as follows;<Air
pollution>
・Construction phase
-SO2、NO2,PM10are measured at one point in the residential area near
(b) What are the items, methods and (b) Y the power plant, once (1 week) at the peak period of construction
frequencies of the monitoring program? activity.
・Operation phase
(3) Monitoring
SO2、NO2,PM10 are measured at 5 points in the area near the power
plant,4 times a year (1 week) for 3 years.
-SOx、NOx and PM will be continuously monitored on the route of
smoke.
<Water turbidity>
・Construction phase
- TSS, pH, Oil,BOD are measured at the timing of discharge at the
outlet of the wastewater treatment facility.
・Operation phase
- TSS, pH, Oil ,BOD and coliforms are measured as necessary at the
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②Water pollution
<Waste water>
Location: 1 point: outlet of the waste water treatment facility, outlet of the temporary
sedimentation tank
Regulation and guideline:Effluent standard of Iran (Water Pollution Control Rule (1984)、I),
IFC/WB EHS Guideline (Thermal power plant, 2008)
Measurement date:
IFC/WB EHS
Effluent Guideline
Item Unite concentration standard of (Thermal Note
Iran power plant,
2008)
pH - 6-8.5 6 –9
TSS mg/L 100 50
Oil & Grease mg/L 10 10
Iron mg/L 3 1
Zinc mg/L 2 1
Cromium mg/L 1 0.5
Chlorine residue mg/L 0.2 0.2
Copper mg/L 0.5 0.5
Lead mg/L 1 0.5
Cadmium mg/L 0.05 0.1
Mercury mg/L Negligible 0.005
Arsenic mg/L 0.1 0.5
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③Waste
Disposal
Place of Storage amount Disposal amount
Item method and Remark
generated waste (Unit: t or kg) (Unit: t or kg)
place
Continuously
④Noise
Location:5 points: On the border of the site (4 points ), the residential area near the power
plant (1 point)
Regulation:Noise Protection Act (2008)、IFC/WB EHS Guideline (General, 2007)
Measurement date:
⑤Groundwater
Location:7 poins at the existing water intake well
Regulation:Water Intake Permission
Measurement date:
4 Regularly
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Reporting date:
Survey method: visual observation
Observation Observation
Species Remarks
date and time place
Testudo graeca
Linnaeus
Testudo horsfieldii
Eremias pleskei
⑦Employment
Location:Contractor’s office
Reporting date:
From other
Item Locals From Iran Remarks
countries
Number of Continuously
employee
⑧Children’s rights
Location:Contractor’s office
Reporting date:
Item number Provision Remark
Child laborer Continuously
Total number
Total number
Item of infectious Provision Remark
of diseases
diseases
Health check Continuously
⑩Work environment
Location:Contractor’s office
Reporting date:
Construction
Inspection Item Contents Status Provision Remarks
Contents
Continuously
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PM mg/Nm3 150 50
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②Water pollution
Location:1 point at the outlet of the water treatment facility Related regulation and guidelines:
Effluent standard of Iran(Decree No. 18/2004), IFC/WB EHS
Guideline (Thermal power plant, 2008)
Measurement date:
IFC/WB EHS
Measurement Effluent Guideline
Item Unit Note
concentration standard or Iran (Thermal power
plant, 2008)
pH - 6-8.5 6 –9 4 times a year
TSS mg/L 100 50
Oil & Grease mg/L 10 10
Iron mg/L 3 1
Zinc mg/L 2 1
Cromium mg/L 1 0.5
Chlorine residue mg/L 0.2 0.2
Copper mg/L 0.5 0.5
Lead mg/L 1 0.5
Cadmium mg/L 0.05 0.1
Mercury mg/L Negligible 0.005
Arsenic mg/L 0.1 0.5
③Waste
Location:Power plant office
Regulation: Waste management regulation of Iran(Decree No. 13/2006)
Reporting date:
Disposal
Place of Storage amount Disposal amount
Item method and Remark
generated waste (Unit: t or kg) (Unit: t or kg)
place
Continuously
④Noise
Location: 5 points: 4 points at the site boundary, 1 point in the residential area
Regulation: Noise Protection Act (2008)、IFC/WB EHS Guideline(General, 2007)
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⑤Groundwater
Location:7 points at the existing water intake well
Regulation:Water Intake Permission
Measurement date:
No. of water
Date Groundwater level(m) Note
intake well
4 Regularly
⑦Employment
Location:Contractor’s office
Reporting date:
From other
Item Locals From Iran Remarks
countries
Number of Continuously
employee
⑧ Work environment
Location:Power plant
Reporting date:
Construction
Inspection Item Contents Status Provision Remarks
Contents
Continuously
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