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Discussion

Patterns in Development; Developmental Sequence

According to Sugandha (2017), In order to describe the developmental

process of the child, practitioners should base their observations on the following

area of development;

Physical Development

This area of development studies how children acquire the below physical

abilities to perform certain activities.

Gross Motor Skills – These are movements made by large limbs such as kicking

a ball, pulling a heavy object or throwing an object.

Fine Motor Skills – These are fine and precise movement shown when holding a

pencil correctly, retrieving a tiny object from the floor.

Locomotive Skills – These are skills for balancing the body such as walking on a

line, standing on one foot for a few minutes.

Cognitive Development

This area of development describes the intellectual development of the

child. Children show a profound development in receiving, retaining, processing

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information. They are learning to think logical and understand. They are able to

form imagination and learn problem solving skills.

Communication Development

This area of development considers the ability to communicate

information in the form of speech, verbal and non-verbal, reading and writing,

asking questions, discussing and gestures through body language.

Social and Emotional Development

This area of development deals with children’s ability to express their

feelings and emotions. It also includes forming relationships, self- identity, social

behaviour as how to speak courteously, caring for oneself and others and also

how to deal with their emotions.

Moral Development

This area of development is closely related to the Social and Emotional

Development. Here children are able to learn how to distinguish between right or

wrong activities, how to react and behave towards others, how to make the right

choices and they develop abstract moral reasoning.

Researchers have observed that the development of children follows an

expected stage in the form of time spans. This is referred to as Four Stages of

Development according to Maria Montessori.

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First Plane of Development (0-6 Years) – The Period of Infancy

0-3 Years

The human baby is fully dependent on the adult for its movement and

interpretation of his needs, unlike other species of beings that are able to walk or

make same kind of noises like their adults, almost immediately after they are

born. The human child can only express by crying.

3-6 Years

During this period the child of three although more physically

proportionate than the child between birth to three, the child is still perfecting his

coordination of movements. The Absorbent Mind along with the Sensitive

Periods is still functioning, the child is absorbing all the impressions that

surround his environment; however he is now able to question and reason

before he accepts what he sees. The period between three to six marks the

period of expansion, consolidation and completion.

Second Plane of Development (6 – 12 Years) – The Period of Childhood

At this stage the child is physically independent and is stronger. The child

constantly engages in activities to test how strong, fast, daring and challenging

he/she is. The infant soft hair disappears and the first tooth falls. The child

becomes slim, lean, limbs become larger showing proportion of an adult. There

is mental and physical stability, a uniform growth.

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Third Plane of Development (12 – 18 Years) – The Period of Adolescence

Arrival of puberty marks the end of childhood and is the beginning of

adolescence. Enormous changes occur both physically and mentally. Physically,

between the ages 12 – 15, the body is disproportionate. The body reaches full

maturity between fifteen and eighteen. The period is aimed at constructing a

social self. It is characterised by self concern and self assessment. By exploring

wider cultural issues, in relation to society at large, the adolescent is capable of

critical thinking and re-evaluation.

Psychologically they become more aware of the social being and

therefore are ultra sensitive and easily discouraged. The adolescent becomes

interested in music, drama, dance and other creative activities, because these

activities allows them self-expressions and begins to idolize people and

organizations, which can lead to appreciate social values or engage in anti-

social behaviors.

Fourth Plane of Development (18 – 24 Years) – The Period of Maturity or

Adulthood

The fourth plane of development is similar to the first plane, in that it is the

period of consolidation and expansion. This plane depends on how the child has

passed the earlier planes of development. If all the needs in the above planes

have been fulfilled the child will feel secure and well adapted to his environment,

is more able to make decisions on how life should be and how to contribute to

the human values.

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Influences of Development

Young children are easily influenced by various factors in the environment

which affects their learning and behavioral process. They can be affected by

various social, environmental, economic and biological factors.

Personal Factors

Personal factors are those that are influenced by nature or genetic

formation such as:

Problems during pregnancy and at birth

An embryo is made up of 46 chromosomes which carried the genetic

information of both male and the female partners. An embryo may not survive if

there are changes in the number of chromosome.If the embryo does survive, the

extra or the missing chromosome will cause an effect in the learning and

development of the child.

The fetal development of the child can be also affected due to mother’s

behaviour towards health. If the mother continues to smoke and consume drugs

during pregnancy can harm the child. Children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

have distinct facial features including small and narrow eyes, a small head, a

smooth area between the nose and the lips and a thin upper lip. They also show

symptoms such as hearing, facial, immune system problems, epilepsy etc.

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Children can also be affected if they are born prematurely whereby there

development can be delayed.

Health

The development of the child can be affected due to genetic disorders.

For example, a blood disorder such as sickle cell disease can be a barrier for

development, as the child may not be able to fully participate in any physical

activities which require gross muscle movements.

Disabilities

Children with disabilities are challenged with cognitive abilities and

physical growth. Many disabilities are caused due to genetic conditions at birth,

for example Down Syndrome.

Those factors may affect the children in acquiring a language. But in the

following timeline gives an overview of the ages at which children generally

acquire language:

4-6 months: Babbling using all sounds.

6-9 months: Babbling becomes more focused—narrowing of sounds.

10-12 months: First words develop.

18-24 moths: Children begin using two-word phrases.

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2-3 years: Children begin using three words phrases in correct order with

inflection.

4-5 years: Children starts speaking with nearly complete syntax.

5-7 years: Children begin using and understanding more complex language.

9 years and older: Children understand almost all forms of language.

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Conclusion

Human, especially children have an amazing capability to learn

language. Each child develops at their own pace of time because before

birth, after and until adulthood, they grow and develop continually. However,

all learners of a language will pass through the same order of acquisition

regardless of their backgrounds and different learning environment.

All children learn in basic stages, but there are still developmental

patterns that everyone must consider. Since parents are a child’s first

teacher, it is important to describe and determine developmental stages in

advance in order to adjust teaching to the child’s present developmental

stages. It is therefore important to introduce the patterns and sequences of

development in order to observe the factors that hinder or facilitate progress

on the way of learning the language.

Arab Emirates, for their wedding. Upon returning to her home, Sandy learns from

a caretaker of her neighbor's house that Helen, Sandy's childhood friend, had

died along with her family years ago. She then shares with her mother, Tessie

(Boots Anson-Roa) what had happened to Helen.

A short time after the death of Helen's father Dr. Quisumbing, Helen plans her

wedding despite being advised to postpone the wedding due to the old

superstition that a marriage within the same year an immediate family member

dies will be cursed. A few weeks after the wedding, Helen's husband dies in a
 9

plane crash. As Helen makes her way to the crash site, she dies in a bus

accident. A few weeks later, Helen's mother suddenly disappears inside their

home. After several years, their house has become abandoned.

Meanwhile, in Bibiclat, Aliaga, Diana (Claudine Barretto) and Brian (Bernard

Palanca) celebrate their marriage when they are interrupted by the sound of a

funeral toll from the belfry of the church. When they resume the wedding

reception, Diana sees a glimpse of a mysterious flower girl watching her.

The next day, Sandy and Dale proceed with their wedding. During the ceremony,

Sandy also sees the ghostly flower girl in front of her. Meanwhile, Diana

witnesses Brian fall off the roof of their house. She, Erning (Jhong Hilario) and

the other builders take him to the local hospital but dies. At the morgue, while

Diana mourns Brian's death, Erning, Brian's mother Belen (Raquel Villavicencio),

Grace (Glaiza de Castro) and her mother Lagring arrive to find that Brian's body

has disappeared; in its place they find Diana's wedding veil.

After their reception, Sandy and Dale witness Sandy's friends Betsy and Edith's

van fall down a ravine. Rescuers are unable to find their bodies however, instead

finding Sandy's wedding veil inside the van. Joya (Maja Salvador), the psychic

daughter of Dale's cousin Paola (Maurene Mauricio), who was present at the

accident, reveals she had also seen the flower girl at the reception. After Joya

leaves, the police gives the veil to a confused Sandy, who recalls having put the

veil inside a box along with all their other wedding paraphernalia. Meanwhile,

Lagring and Grace chase after a dazed Diana who follows her husband's ghost

into the forest. When Grace finally catches up to her, they see the flower girl
 10

once again and Lagring is rammed by a speeding bus, leaving Diana's bridal

cord at the scene.

Sandy and Dale decide to seek help from Joya and they learn from Gilda (Liza

Lorena), Dale's mother, that Paola is headed to Nueva Ecija. The couple arrive

at the bus station before Paola could leave with her daughter.

They arrive at Helen's former home along with Tessie to contact her spirit. While

the group distract the caretaker, Joya encounters a stray malevolent spirit who

possesses her and warns Sandy that her wedding was cursed. Sandy is

shocked by the revelation as neither one of her family members nor Dale's had

died recently. Paola reminds that siblings who propose their vows on the same

year may also be cursed by sukob. Joya then reveals the identity of the spirit

who possessed her, leading to Tessie discovering that her husband Fred

(Ronaldo Valdez) had an affair, fathering a child out of wedlock whom he

abandoned. They confront him, pushing him to reveal that he had left his lover,

Claudia, a year ago before the child reached adulthood.

Things become more mysterious when Sandy and Diana receive their respective

wedding photos. The people who had died are all headless in the photos, and

they fear that more are bound to die. Tessie attempts to leave, but her family

followes her until they are ran over by a car. As Tessie scolds the driver who is

drunk, Joya sees the child. Sandy warns Tessie to leave, but a scaffolding falls

on Tessie. They try to find her under the scaffolding, instead finding a bridal

cord.
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In search of the truth, Sandy attempts to unearth her family’s dark secret. She

goes back to her hometown with Dale. While at a hotel, Dale is taken away by

the flower girl now with a candle. Meanwhile, Grace and Diana spot the ghostly

flower girl once again. Grace, frightened, steps back into the woods only to be

abducted by Lagring's apparition. Diana searches for Grace but finds only the

wedding candle on the grass. When Sandy finds out about Dale's

disappearance, she goes to the police station. However, the station runs out of

electricity and tables and chairs begin to move by themselves. Sandy runs

outside and as she attempts to drive away in her car, she accidentally hits

Diana. She helps Diana and converse only to find out that they are half-sisters.

Sandy and Diana realize they married on the same day of the same year. They

also realise that inorder to break the curse, they must sacrifice a life. Sandy and

Diana go to the church where Diana was wed and encounter the ghostly flower

girl. The two are then entrapped at the top of the belfry. The flower girl, whose

mission is to take the life of the sacrificed, attempts to touch Diana's belly. Sandy

stops the ghost and falls from the belfry, dying and thus breaking the curse.

Diana finally meets their father, and the movie ends when he sees the ghosts of

Tessie and Sandy, causing him to scream.

Directed by

Chito S. Roño

Produced by

Lea Calmerin
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Tess V. Fuentes

Charo Santos-Concio

Malou N. Santos

Written by

Chito Roño

Starring

Kris Aquino

Claudine Barretto

Production

company

Star Cinema

Distributed by

Star Cinema

Release date

26 July 2006 (Philippines)

13 August 2006 (U.S.)

28 September 2006 (Singapore)

4 January 2007 (Malaysia)

Running time

100 min
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Country

Philippines

Language

Filipino

English

Box office

₱186.41 Million (Domestic)

₱203 Million (Worldwide)

$300,454[1] (United States)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukob

There was a rich family of five, the mother and father dotes on their eldest

daughter that got married. Since it was the very first wedding in the family, they

made it a sumptuous one. The middle child felt covetous about it and looked for

someone who can be her spouse. After one week, the middle child announced

that she's going to marry someone from the neighboring town. After hearing the

news, the father said that he is not going allow the wedding to happen because

there is a "sukob" and misfortunes will befall upon her and her sister if she's still

going to pursue what she wants. Upon hearing her father's explanation, she
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believed it because of the fear and decides that will just resume the wedding

next year.

Sukob (titled The Wedding Curse internationally) is a 2006 Filipino horror film directed

by Chito S. Roño and starring Kris Aquino and Claudine Barretto. Sukob was considered

as the highest-grossing Filipino film of all-time earning ₱203 million, until 2009 when it

was surpassed by the romance film You Changed My Life. The film's premise is based on

a Filipino superstition sukob in which one should not get married within the same year

an immediate relative dies or marries.[2]

Sandy and Phil, both Overseas Workers in Dubai, are busy preparing for their wedding.

Upon reaching her home, Sandy learns from her mother, Daisy, what happened to her

friend, Helen. A short time after Helen's father died, Helen proceeded with her
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wedding. A few weeks after the wedding, Helen's husband dies in a plane crash. As

Helen goes to the crash site, she dies in a bus accident. A few weeks later, Helen's

mother suddenly disappears inside her house. Their bodies have never been recovered.

Sandy proceeds with her own wedding. During the ceremony, she suffers from

nosebleed and starts seeing glimpses of a ghostly flower girl. It turns out that she is not

the only one who saw it. Maja, a psychic and the daughter of her husband's cousin, also

saw the flower girl. Hours later, Sandy and Phil learn that the van carrying some of the

secondary sponsors met an accident. When they get to the site, the bodies of the

victims could not be found. Instead, they see a bridal cord. Sandy's relatives and friends

disappear one by one. Things become more mysterious when Sandy receives their

respective wedding photos. The people who died are headless in the photos. They

realize that all the headless people in the photos are bound to die. Joya tells Sandy that

she is cursed by the "sukob." Sandy is shocked - no one in her family has died recently,

nor has anyone gotten married. In searching for the truth, Sandy unearths a dark family

secret. Now, Sandy has to find a way to end the curse before it takes away all the

people she holds dear.

—Anonymous

https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0757933/plotsummary#summary-ps0214038

Ang pag-iisang dibdib ay biyaya ng maykapal ngunit paniniwala ng ilan kapag sukob ang

kasal ito'y malas, yan ang kwentong itinampok sa kapuso mo Jessica Soho. kabi-kabila
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daw ang di magandang pangyayari kina Lea at Jonal matapos ang kasal noong 2016.

Sabi ni Lea,"hindi ko alam na nabaon na pala sa utang ang asawa ko, naospital ako yong

mama ko naman nagka fattyliver siya kuya ko na isa naman need na operahan". Ang

mga kamalasan dinanas dahil umano sa sabay-sabay nilang pagpapakasal ng kaniyang

kuya na si Ilino. Ang kasal ng magkapatid walo(8) araw lang ang pagitan kaya sukob

umano. Ayon pa sa pamahiin may suswertihin at mamalasin sa magkapatid. Ayon sa

isang sociologist na si Bro. Cuford Sorita "the chances are kapag nagsabay kayo merong

kasal na nagsusuffer economically". Tulad ni Lea minalas din si Ilino at Charie nung

simula,misteryusong namatay ang kanilang anak. Pero matapos sunud-sunod naman

ang swerting naranasan niya. Sabi ni Ilino " hiniling namin sa panginoon na sana

magkamotor kami hindi na manghiram at nakabili na din ng kotse. At para umano

matapos na ang kamalasan ng magkapatid nagpasya umano na maghiwalay ng tahanan.

Dagdag pa ni Ilino "hindi naman ako siguro sinuswerte dahil lahat ng nakuha ko ay

pinagsikapan at pinaghirapan ko. Samantala sinunog ni Lea ang kanyang wedding gown

sa paniniwalang matitigil na ang sumpa. "Sana matigil na dahil gusto ko naman

guminhawa sa mga problema",sabi ni lea. Totoo man o hindi ang mga pamahiin tulad

ng sukob ating tandaan tayo ang gumuguhit ng ating kapalaran.

Interview

Do you believe in sukob? Why?

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Nita Orgasan. 41 years old from Samar

According to her, in the province where she came from, sukob is not part of their

superstitious that's why she doesn't believed in sukob. She never heard that this

occurrence have happened before.

Myrna Gomez. 57 years old from Bicol

She stated that she believes and sukob is real. From his brother's experienced,

where he and her wife held their wedding in the month of January 2014, the very

same year the sister of her wife also held their wedding. Unusual things

happened to them, her wife had three consecutive miscarriage before they have

their kid while her sister-in-law never experienced the miscarriage and had three

children. Her brother's wife and her sister is always bickering. Mrs. Myrna

concluded that the sibling's health, wealth and blessings are being fought over

since they held their wedding on the same year.

Ang pag-iisang dibdib ay biyaya ng maykapal ngunit paniniwala ng ilan kapag

sukob ang kasal ito'y malas, yan ang kwentong itinampok sa kapuso mo Jessica

Soho. kabi-kabila daw ang di magandang pangyayari kina Lea at Jonal matapos

ang kasal noong 2016. Sabi ni Lea,"hindi ko alam na nabaon na pala sa utang

ang asawa ko, naospital ako yong mama ko naman nagka fattyliver siya kuya ko
 18

na isa naman need na operahan". Ang mga kamalasan dinanas dahil umano sa

sabay-sabay nilang pagpapakasal ng kaniyang kuya na si Ilino. Ang kasal ng

magkapatid walo(8) araw lang ang pagitan kaya sukob umano. Ayon pa sa

pamahiin may suswertihin at mamalasin sa magkapatid. Ayon sa isang

sociologist na si Bro. Cuford Sorita "the chances are kapag nagsabay kayo

merong kasal na nagsusuffer economically". Tulad ni Lea minalas din si Ilino at

Charie nung simula,misteryusong namatay ang kanilang anak. Pero matapos

sunud-sunod naman ang swerting naranasan niya. Sabi ni Ilino " hiniling namin

sa panginoon na sana magkamotor kami hindi na manghiram at nakabili na din

ng kotse. At para umano matapos na ang kamalasan ng magkapatid nagpasya

umano na maghiwalay ng tahanan. Dagdag pa ni Ilino "hindi naman ako siguro

sinuswerte dahil lahat ng nakuha ko ay pinagsikapan at pinaghirapan ko.

Samantala sinunog ni Lea ang kanyang wedding gown sa paniniwalang matitigil

na ang sumpa. "Sana matigil na dahil gusto ko naman guminhawa sa mga

problema",sabi ni lea. Totoo man o hindi ang mga pamahiin tulad ng sukob ating

tandaan tayo ang gumuguhit ng ating kapalaran.

ALONZO,ALICIA HERNANDEZ
 19

I conduct a research or an interview about the supertitious beliefs which is "Sukob sa

Kasal" because i was confuse in what does it means so thats why i ask a question with

my grandmother and my mother because i know they can answer my questions.

Mrs.Sabina Bunyi Hernandez, 69 years old live in Sitio Antipolo

Utod,Nasugbu,Batangas,she is may grandmother. August 21, 2019 the date when i

interview my grandmother about sukob sa kasal. "lola can i ask question, can you

explain to me what is the sukob sa kasal mean? I said. My grandma said,"neng sukob sa

kasal is the belief where is you cant celebrate the wedding on the same year that your

sister or brother celebrate also their wedding, because my mother told me it is the

tradition and belief a year year ago. I dont know why but she said that it brings a lucky

and badluck maybe on you or on your sister or brother for example." my grandmother

said. I have a follow up question lola,do you still believe on that belief lola? I asked. Lola

said," i still believe on that because that is my mother told to me and theres no problem

if will agree and believe on her so thats why i and many people should believe on

that,theres nothing would happen if we believe it because it is our culture" my

grandmother said.

Another interview, i ask my mother. She is Mrs.Ma.Teresa Hernandez Alonzo,49 years

old live in Sitio Tibagan Utod Nasugbu,Batangas.

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"Nanay can i ask question? I asked. About what neng? My mother said. "Nanay can you

tell me what is that sukob about? I asked her. "Sukob in wedding" is about the same

year celebration of wedding with your brother or sister. It is said if you have the same

date with the same year also it is called sukob. It would bring the lucky and the badluck

come into their lives. And another that i know it can be shared with their livelihood."

Nay can i ask a follow up question, do you believe in sukob? For me i believe in sukov

theres no wrong when i believe on that because it is an old belief and tradition, i know

when i grow up i heard so many stories about that and other believe it also because

maybe they dont want experience a bad memories so maybe they still believe on it."

,my mother said.