1.

BODY IMAGE

 Body image is the perception that a person has of their physical self and the thoughts and feelings
that result from that perception.
These feelings can be positive, negative or both, and are influenced by individual and
environmental factors.
 what a person believes about their appearance
 how they feel about their body
 how they sense and control their body as they move
 how they feel about their body, including their height, weight, and shape
A person with a positive body image has a true and clear perception of their body shape and
appearance that other people would agree with.
A negative body image can arise when a person feels that their looks do not measure up to what
society, family, friends, and the media expect.
2. BEAUTY
-the quality of being pleasing, especially to look at, or someone or something that
gives great pleasure, especially when you look at it
-a quality that makes something especially good or attractive
3. PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

The Oral Stage “Aims to attain Attention”

Age Range: Birth to 1 Year

Erogenous Zone: Mouth

During the oral stage, the infant's primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the
rooting and sucking reflex is especially important. The mouth is vital for eating, and the infant derives
pleasure from oral stimulation through gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking.

Because the infant is entirely dependent upon caretakers (who are responsible for feeding the child),
the child also develops a sense of trust and comfort through this oral stimulation.

The primary conflict at this stage is the weaning process--the child must become less dependent upon
caretakers. If fixation occurs at this stage, Freud believed the individual would have issues with
dependency or aggression. Oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, eating, smoking, or nail-
biting.

The Anal Stage “to develop Expression”

Age Range: 1 to 3 years

Erogenous Zone: Bowel and Bladder Control

During the anal stage, Freud believed that the primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder
and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet training--the child has to learn to
control his or her bodily needs. Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and
independence.

According to Freud, success at this stage is dependent upon the way in which parents approach toilet
training. Parents who utilize praise and rewards for using the toilet at the appropriate time encourage
positive outcomes and help children feel capable and productive. Freud believed that positive
experiences during this stage served as the basis for people to become competent, productive,
and creative adults.
However, not all parents provide the support and encouragement that children need during this stage.
Some parents instead punish, ridicule or shame a child for accidents.

According to Freud, inappropriate parental responses can result in negative outcomes. If parents take
an approach that is too lenient, Freud suggested that an anal-expulsive personality could develop in
which the individual has a messy, wasteful, or destructive personality. If parents are too strict or begin
toilet training too early, Freud believed that an anal-retentive personality develops in which the
individual is stringent, orderly, rigid, and obsessive.

The Phallic Stage

Age Range: 3 to 6 Years

Erogenous Zone: Genitals

Freud suggested that during the phallic stage, the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals. At this
age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females.

Freud also believed that boys begin to view their fathers as a rival for the mother’s affections. The
Oedipus complex describes these feelings of wanting to possess the mother and the desire to replace
the father. However, the child also fears that he will be punished by the father for these feelings, a
fear Freud termed castration anxiety.

The term Electra complex has been used to described a similar set of feelings experienced by young
girls. Freud, however, believed that girls instead experience penis envy.

Eventually, the child begins to identify with the same-sex parent as a means of vicariously possessing
the other parent. For girls, however, Freud believed that penis envy was never fully resolved and that
all women remain somewhat fixated on this stage. Psychologists such as Karen Horney disputed this
theory, calling it both inaccurate and demeaning to women. Instead, Horney proposed that men
experience feelings of inferiority because they cannot give birth to children, a concept she referred to
as womb envy.

The Latent Period

Age Range: 6 to Puberty

Erogenous Zone: Sexual Feelings Are Inactive

During this stage, the superego continues to develop while the id's energies are suppressed. Children
develop social skills, values and relationships with peers and adults outside of the family.

The development of the ego and superego contribute to this period of calm. The stage begins around
the time that children enter into school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies,
and other interests.

The latent period is a time of exploration in which the sexual energy repressed or dormant. This
energy is still present, but it is sublimated into other areas such as intellectual pursuits and social
interactions. This stage is important in the development of social and communication skills and self-
confidence.

As with the other psychosexual stages, Freud believed that it was possible for children to become
fixated or "stuck" in this phase. Fixation at this stage can result in immaturity and an inability to form
fulfilling relationships as an adult.
The Genital Stage

Age Range: Puberty to Death

Erogenous Zone: Maturing Sexual Interests

The onset of puberty causes the libido to become active once again. During the final stage of
psychosexual development, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. This
stage begins during puberty but last throughout the rest of a person's life.

Where in earlier stages the focus was solely on individual needs, interest in the welfare of others
grows during this stage. The goal of this stage is to establish a balance between the various life
areas.
If the other stages have been completed successfully, the individual should now be well-balanced,
warm, and caring.

Unlike the many of the earlier stages of development, Freud believed that the ego and superego were
fully formed and functioning at this point. Younger children are ruled by the id, which demands
immediate satisfaction of the most basic needs and wants. Teens in the genital stage of development
are able to balance their most basic urges against the need to conform to the demands of reality and
social norms.

4. CATHEXIS

The term cathexis refers to an investment of mental or emotional energy put into a person, object, or
idea. For example, when you have a fight with your boyfriend/girlfriend and it is on your mind, you are
stressed out about it, keep going over it, thinking about the other person, what will happen to the
relationship, etc., you are investing mental and emotional energy in that situation, event, and person.
Another example, not all but some women invested more onto their faces wherein they kept on buying
facial cosmetics or perform facial surgeries

5. SPIRIT AND SOUL

-Our soul is our mind, will and emotions. This is the part where we think and feel. It’s where we plan
and organize, the part of us that stays focused or gets distracted. Our soul feels pleasure or perceives
hurts from others.

-Our soul can be energized or discouraged. It’s where we form words to communicate with others.
And it’s where our personality comes to life.

-It is in our soul that we become anxious or we rest peacefully. It’s where we worry about bad things
or meditate on good things.

-Self-conscious

Spirit

-We are all created as spiritual beings too. Because our spirits are intangible and usually have no
direct manifestation in this world, this part gets overlooked and discounted by many folks.

-It is in our spirit that the Spirit of God comes to reside when we become new creations upon
accepting the payment Jesus made for our sins. When that happens our spirit comes to life because it
is finally connected to its intended power source.

-God Conscious
NOTE: NUMBER 6 IS “FOR SECTION AF-1 ONLY”

6. SEXUAL ORIENTATION & SEXUAL IDENTITY

Gender identity is how you feel inside and how you express your gender through clothing, behavior,
and personal appearance. It’s a feeling that begins very early in life.
Sexual orientation refers to sexual and romantic feelings for people of the same gender, a different
gender, or more than one gender. People who identify their sexual orientation
as “straight” or “heterosexual” typically feel attracted to people of a different gender than themselves.
People who identify as “lesbian” or “gay” typically feel attracted to people of the same gender as
themselves. People who identify as “bisexual” typically feel attracted to more than one gender, such as
being attracted to both women and men. “Pansexual” is a term used by people who feel attracted to
more than one gender and feel that other terms don’t include people who are transgender and gender
nonconforming (people who have a gender identity or gender expression that doesn’t match their sex
assigned at birth). People who use the term “queer” may use it to mean lesbian, gay, bisexual, or
pansexual, or they may use it because other terms don’t quite describe their experiences.