Normal ECE R43
Normal ECE R43
Normal ECE R43
29 August 2012
Agreement
Concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions
for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted
and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal
recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions*
(Revision 2, including the amendments which entered into force on 16 October 1995)
_________
UNITED NATIONS
* Former title of the Agreement: Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of
Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at
Geneva on 20 March 1958.
GE.12-
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Regulation No. 43
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1. Scope
This Regulation applies to:
(a) Safety glazing materials intended for installation as windscreens or
other panes, or as partitioning, on vehicles of category L with
bodywork, M, N, O, and T1;
(b) Vehicles of category M, N and O with regard to the installation of
these materials;
In both cases, to the exclusion of glazing for lighting and light-signalling
devices and instrument panels, of special bullet-proof glazing and of double-
windows.
2. Definitions
For the purpose of this Regulation:
2.1. "Toughened-glass" means glazing consisting of a single layer of glass which
has been subjected to special treatment to increase its mechanical strength
and to condition its fragmentation after shattering.
2.2. "Laminated-glass" means glazing consisting of two or more layers of glass
held together by one or more interlayer of plastics material; it may be:
2.2.1. "Ordinary laminated glass", when none of the layers of glass of which it is
composed has been treated; or
2.2.2. "Treated laminated glass", when at least one of the layers of glass, of which
it is composed, has been specially treated to increase its mechanical strength
and to condition its fragmentation after shattering;
2.3. "Interlayer" means any material designed to be used to hold together the
component layers of laminated-glass.
2.4. "Safety-glass faced with plastics material" means glazing as defined in
paragraphs 2.1. or 2.2. with a layer of plastics material on its inner face.
2.5. "Glass-plastics" means glazing consisting of any glazing material that
comprises one layer of glass and one or more layers of plastic in which a
plastic surface of the product faces the inner side.
2.6. "Plastic glazing" is a glazing material that contains as an essential ingredient
one or more organic polymeric substances of large molecular weight, is solid
in its finished state and, at some stage in its manufacture of processing into
finished articles, can be shaped by flow.
2.6.1. "Rigid plastic glazing" means a plastic glazing material which does not
deflect vertically more than 50 mm in the flexibility test (Annex 3,
paragraph 12.).
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As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2, para. 2
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2.6.2. "Flexible plastic glazing" means a plastic glazing material which deflects
vertically more than 50 mm in the flexibility test (Annex 3, paragraph 12.).
2.7. "Double window" means an assembly of two panes separately installed
within the same opening of the vehicle.
2.8. "Double-glazed unit" means an assembly of two panes permanently
assembled in manufacture and separated by a uniform gap.
2.8.1. "Symmetrical double-glazed unit" means a double-glazed unit where the two
component glazing are identical (e.g., both toughened glass).
2.8.2. "Asymmetrical double-glazed unit" means a double-glazed unit where the two
component glazing are not identical (e.g., one is toughened glass and the
other is laminated glass).
2.9. "Bullet resistant glazing" or "Bullet-proof glazing", means glazing
constructed so as to be resistant to firearms.
2.10. "Principal characteristic" means a characteristic that appreciably modifies
the optical and/or mechanical properties of a safety glazing material in a way
not without significance to the function which it is intended to perform in a
vehicle. The term also covers the trade names or marks as specified by the
holder of the approval.
2.11. "Secondary characteristic" means a characteristic capable of modifying the
optical and/or mechanical properties of a safety glazing material in a way
which is of significance to the function which it is intended to perform in a
vehicle. The extent of such modification is assessed in relation to the indices
of difficulty.
2.12. The term "indices of difficulty" covers a two-stage grading system applying to
the variations observed in practice in each secondary characteristic. A change
from index "1" to index "2" indicates the need for additional tests.
2.13. "Windscreen" means the glazing in front of the driver through which the
driver views the road ahead.
2.14. "Developed area of windscreen" means the minimum rectangular area of
glass from which a windscreen can be manufactured.
2.15. "Inclination angle of a windscreen" means the angle included between on the
one hand a vertical line and on the other hand a straight line passing through
the top and bottom edges of the windscreen, both lines being contained in a
vertical plane containing the longitudinal axis of the vehicle;
2.15.1. Measurement of the inclination angle shall be performed on a vehicle
standing on level ground, and in the case of a passenger-transport vehicle the
vehicle shall be in running order, shall be fully charged with fuel coolant and
lubricant, and shall be equipped with tools and the spare wheel or wheels (if
they are provided as standard equipment by the vehicle manufacturer);
allowance shall be made for the mass of the driver, and also, in the case of a
passenger-transport vehicle, for that of one front-seat passenger, the mass of
the driver and that of the passenger each being deemed to be 75 ± 1 kg;
2.15.2. Vehicles equipped with hydropneumatic, hydraulic or pneumatic suspension
or with a device for automatic adjustment of ground clearance according to
load shall be tested in the normal running conditions specified by the
manufacturer.
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2.23.2. "Safety glazing material requisite for the driver's rearward field of vision"
means all glazing situated behind a plane passing through the driver's R point
and perpendicular to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle through
which the driver can view the road when driving or manoeuvring the vehicle.
2.24. "Opaque obscuration" means any area of the glazing preventing light
transmission, including any screen-printed area, whether solid or dot-printed,
but excluding any shade band.
2.25. "Shade band" means any area of the glazing with a reduced light
transmittance, excluding any opaque obscuration.
2.26. "Transparent area of the windscreen" means the glazing area contained
within the design glass outline, excluding any allowed opaque obscuration
(see Annex 18), but including any shade band.
2.27. "Design glass outline" means the design maximum unobstructed vehicle
aperture designated to be glazed, before the glazing is installed or mounted,
including all trims, but excluding obscuration bands.
2.28. "Optical distortion" means an optical defect in a windscreen that changes the
appearance of an object viewed through the windscreen.
2.29. "Secondary image" means a spurious or ghost image, in addition to the bright
primary image, usually seen at night when the object being viewed is very
bright in relation to its surroundings, for example, the headlights of an
approaching vehicle.
2.30. "Secondary image separation" means the angular distance between the
position of the primary and secondary images.
2.31. "Regular light transmittance" means light transmittance measured
perpendicularly to the glazing.
2.32. "Design seat-back angle" means the angle between the vertical line through
the R point and the torso line defined by the vehicle manufacturer.
2.33. "Sample" means a specially prepared piece of glazing representative of a
finished product or a piece cut from a finished product.
2.34. "Test piece" means a sample or a finished product of glazing.
2.35. "Type of vehicle", as regards the installation of safety glazing, means vehicles
belonging to the same category which do not differ in at least the following
essential respects:
(a) The manufacturer;
(b) The manufacturer's type designation;
(c) Essential aspects of construction and design.
2.36. "Central driving position" is defined when Y co-ordinate of the R point is in
Y0 position within + or –60 mm.
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3.3. In addition, the applicant for approval shall submit a sufficient number of test
pieces and samples of the finished pieces of the models considered, the
number being if necessary determined by agreement with the technical
service responsible for conducting the tests.
3.4. Approval for a type of vehicle
The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to the installation
of its safety glazing shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his
duly accredited representative.
3.5. It shall be accompanied by the under mentioned documents in triplicate and
the following particulars:
3.5.1. Drawings of the vehicle on an appropriate scale showing:
3.5.1.1. The position of the windscreen relative to the R point of the vehicle,
3.5.1.2. The inclination angle of the windscreen,
3.5.1.3. The inclination angle of the seat back;
3.5.2. Technical details concerning the windscreen and all other glazings, in
particular:
3.5.2.1. The materials used,
3.5.2.2. Approval numbers,
3.5.2.3. Any additional markings, as described in paragraph 5.5.
3.6. A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be submitted
to the technical service responsible for conducting the approval tests.
4. Markings
4.1. Every piece of safety glazing material, including the samples and test pieces
submitted for approval, shall bear a trade name or mark of the manufacturer
as listed under item 3 of Annex 1. Manufactured parts shall bear the ECE
Regulation No. 43 number allocated to the prime manufacturer. The marking
shall be clearly legible and indelible.
5. Approval
5.1. Approval for a type of glazing
If the samples submitted for approval meet the requirements of paragraphs 6.
to 8. of this Regulation, approval of the pertinent type of safety glazing
material shall be granted.
5.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type as defined in Annexes 5,
7, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16 or, in the case of windscreens, to each group
approved. Its first two digits (at present 01 for the Regulation in its original
form) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent
major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of
the approval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to
another type or group of safety glazing material.
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The distinguish numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3 to
Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2/Amend.1.
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/L for glazing with a light scatter not exceeding 2 per cent after
1,000 cycles on the outer surface and 4 per cent after 100 cycles on the
inner surface (see Annexes 14 and 16, paragraph 6.1.3.1.)
/M for glazing with a light scatter not exceeding 10 per cent after
500 cycles on the outer surface and 4 per cent after 100 cycles on the
inner surface (see Annexes 14 and 16, paragraph 6.1.3.2.)
5.5.6. IX in the case of flexible-plastic glazing
5.5.7. X in the case of a rigid plastic double-glazed unit. In addition, the
appropriate application will be signified by:
/A for forward facing panes
/B for side, rear and roof glazings
/C in locations where there is little or no chance of head impact
For plastic glazing which has been submitted to the abrasion resistance test
described in Annex 3, paragraph 4., the following markings shall also be
applied as appropriate:
/L for glazing with a light scatter not exceeding 2 per cent after
1,000 cycles on the outer surface and 4 per cent after 100 cycles on the
inner surface (see Annex 6, paragraph 6.1.3.1.)
/M for glazing with a light scatter not exceeding 10 per cent after
500 cycles on the outer surface and 4 per cent after 100 cycles on the
inner surface (see Annex 16, paragraph 6.1.3.2.).
5.5.8. XI in the case of a laminated-glass panes.
5.5.9. XII in the case of glass-plastic panes
5.5.10. /P in the case of a safety glazing made of glass, with a layer of plastics
material on its inner face
5.6. The approval mark and symbol shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
Additional symbols shall be combined within the approval marking.
5.7. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of approval
marks.
5.8. Approval for a type of vehicle
If the vehicle submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meets the
requirements of Annex 21 to this Regulation, approval of that vehicle type
shall be granted.
5.9. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two
digits (at present 01 for the Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the
series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical
amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The
same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another vehicle
type as defined in paragraph 2.35. above.
5.10. Notice of approval or of extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or
production definitely discontinued of a vehicle type pursuant to this
Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement
which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in
Annex 1A to this Regulation.
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6. General requirements
6.1. All glazing materials, including glazing material for the manufacture of
windscreens, shall be such that, in the event of shattering, the danger of
bodily injury is reduced as far as possible. The glazing material shall be
sufficiently resistant to the incidents likely to occur in normal traffic, and to
atmospheric and temperature conditions, chemical action, combustion and
abrasion.
6.2. Safety glazing materials shall in addition be sufficiently transparent, shall not
cause any noticeable distortions of objects as seen through the windscreen,
and shall not give rise to any confusion between the colours used in road-
traffic signs and signals. In the event of the windscreen's shattering, the driver
shall still be able to see the road clearly enough to be able to brake and stop
his vehicle safely.
7. Particular requirements
All types of safety glazing shall, depending on the category to which they
belong, comply with the following particular requirements:
7.1. As regards toughened-glass windscreens, the requirements contained in
Annex 4;
7.2. As regards uniformly-toughened glass panes, the requirements contained in
Annex 5;
7.3. As regards ordinary laminated-glass windscreens, the requirements contained
in Annex 6;
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8. Tests
8.1. The following tests are prescribed in this Regulation:
8.1.1. Fragmentation test
The purpose of this test is:
8.1.1.1. To verify that the fragments and splinters produced by fracture of the glass
pane are such as to minimize the risk of injury, and
8.1.1.2. In the case of windscreens, to check residual visibility after shattering.
8.1.2. Mechanical strength test
8.1.2.1. Ball-impact test
There are two forms of tests, one using a 227 g ball and one using a 2,260 g
ball.
8.1.2.1.1. 227 g ball test: The purpose of this test is to assess the adhesion of the
interlayer of laminated glass and the mechanical strength of uniformly-
toughened glass and plastic glazings.
8.1.2.1.2. 2,260 g ball test: The purpose of this test is to assess ball-penetration
resistance of laminated glass.
8.1.2.2. Headform test
The purpose of this test is to verify the compliance of glazing with the
requirements relating to the limitation of injury in the event of impact of the
head against the windscreen, laminated glass and glazing of glass-plastic and
rigid plastic other than windscreens, together with the double-glazed units
used in the side windows.
8.1.3. Test of resistance to the environment
8.1.3.1. Test of resistance to abrasion
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the resistance of a safety
glazing to abrasion exceeds a specified value.
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Windscreen Glasspanes
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Resistance to chemicals - A3/11.2.1 - A3/11.2.1 - A3/11.2.1 A3/11.2.1 A3/11.2.1 2 A3/11.2.1 2 A3/11.2.1
1
Furthermore this test shall be carried out on double-glazed units pursuant to Annex 12, paragraph 3 (A12/3).
2
If coated on the inner side with plastics material.
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This test shall only be carried out on uniformly-toughened glass-panes to be used as windscreens of slow-moving vehicles which, by construction, cannot
exceed 40 km/h.
Note: A reference such as A4/3 in the table indicates the annex (4) and paragraph (3) of that annex, where the relevant test is described and the acceptance requirements are
specified.
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8.2.1.2. Plastic glazing materials shall be subjected to the tests listed in the following
table:
8.2.2. A safety glazing material shall be approved if it meets all the requirements
prescribed in the relevant provisions referred to in the paragraphs 8.2.1.1 and
8.2.1.2.
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12.6. Even after the entry into force of the 01 series of amendments to this
Regulation, approvals of safety glazing materials to the 00 series of
amendments to this Regulation shall remain valid and Contracting Parties
applying this Regulation shall continue to accept them, and Contracting
Parties shall not refuse to grant extensions of approvals to the 00 series of
amendments to this Regulation.
12.7. Even after the date of entry into force of the 01 series of amendments,
approvals of a vehicle type to the 00 series of amendments to this Regulation
shall remain valid and Contracting Parties applying the Regulation shall
continue to accept them, and Contracting Parties shall not refuse to grant
extensions of approvals to the 00 series of amendments to this Regulation.
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Annex 1
Annex 1
Communication
(Maximum format: A4 (210 x 297 mm))
1
Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see
approval provisions in the Regulation).
2
Strike out what does not apply.
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Annex 1
16. The list of documents filed with the Type Approval Authority which has granted
approval and available on request is annexed to this communication.
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Annex 1 - Appendix 1
Annex 1 - Appendix 1
Toughened-glass windscreens
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex 4 or Annex 9 to
Regulation No. 43)
Approval No. ........................................ Extension No. ...........................................
Principal characteristics:
Shape category: ................................................................................................
Thickness category: .........................................................................................
Nominal thickness of the windscreen: .............................................................
Nature and type of plastics coating(s): .............................................................
Nominal thickness of plastics coating(s): ........................................................
Secondary characteristics:
Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): .............................................
Colouring of glass: ...........................................................................................
Colouring of plastics coating(s): ......................................................................
Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...................................................................
Opaque obscuration incorporated (yes/no): .....................................................
Remarks: .......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Documents attached: list of windscreens (see Appendix 10)
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Annex 1 - Appendix 2
Annex 1 - Appendix 2
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Documents attached: list of windscreens (if applicable) (see Appendix 10)
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Annex 1 - Appendix 3
Annex 1 - Appendix 3
Laminated-glass windscreens
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annexes 6, 8 or 9 to
Regulation No. 43)
Approval No. ........................................ Extension No. ...........................................
Principal characteristics:
Number of layers of glass: ...............................................................................
Number of layers of interlayer: ........................................................................
Nominal thickness of the windscreen: .............................................................
Nominal thickness of interlayer(s): ..................................................................
Special treatment of glass: ...............................................................................
Nature and type of interlayer(s): ......................................................................
Nature and type of plastics coating(s): .............................................................
Nominal thickness of plastic coating(s): ..........................................................
Colouring of interlayer (total/partial): .............................................................
Secondary characteristics:
Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): .............................................
Colouring of glass (colourless/tinted): .............................................................
Colouring of plastics coating(s): ......................................................................
Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...................................................................
Opaque obscuration incorporated (yes/no): .....................................................
Remarks: .......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
______________________________________________________________________________________
Documents attached: list of windscreens (see Appendix 10).
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Annex 1 - Appendix 4
Annex 1 - Appendix 4
Laminated-glass panes
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex 7 or Annex 9 to
Regulation No. 43)
Approval No. ........................................ Extension No. ...........................................
Principal characteristics:
Number of layers of glass: ...............................................................................
Number of layers of interlayer: ........................................................................
Thickness category: .........................................................................................
Nominal thickness of interlayer(s): ..................................................................
Special treatment of glass: ...............................................................................
Nature and type of interlayer(s): ......................................................................
Nature and type of plastics coating(s): .............................................................
Nominal thickness of plastics coating(s): ........................................................
Secondary characteristics:
Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): .............................................
Colouring of interlayer (total/partial): .............................................................
Colouring of glass: ...........................................................................................
Colouring of plastics coating(s): ......................................................................
Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...................................................................
Opaque obscuration incorporated (yes/no): .....................................................
Remarks: .......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
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Annex 1 - Appendix 5
Annex 1 - Appendix 5
Glass-plastics windscreens
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex 10 to Regulation No. 43)
Approval No. ........................................ Extension No. ...........................................
Principal characteristics:
Shape category: ................................................................................................
Number of layers of plastics: ...........................................................................
Normal thickness of glass: ...............................................................................
Treatment of the glass (yes/no): .......................................................................
Nominal thickness of the windscreen: .............................................................
Nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastics acting as interlayer: ...................
Nature and type of layer(s) of plastics acting as interlayer: .............................
Nature and type of the outer layer of plastics: .................................................
Secondary characteristics:
Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): .............................................
Colouring of glass: ...........................................................................................
Colouring of the layer(s) of plastics (total/partial): ..........................................
Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...................................................................
Opaque obscuration incorporated (yes/no): .....................................................
Remarks: .......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
______________________________________________________________________________________
Documents attached: list of windscreens (see Appendix 10)
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Annex 1 - Appendix 6
Annex 1 - Appendix 6
Glass-plastics panes
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex 11 to Regulation No. 43)
Approval No. ........................................ Extension No. ............................................
Principal characteristics:
Number of layers of plastics: ...........................................................................
Thickness of the glass component: ..................................................................
Treatment of the glass component (yes/no): ....................................................
Nominal thickness of the pane: ........................................................................
Nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastics acting as interlayer: ...................
Nature and type of layer(s) of plastics acting as interlayer: .............................
Nature and type of the outer layer of plastics: .................................................
Secondary characteristics:
Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): .............................................
Colouring of glass (colourless/tinted): .............................................................
Colouring of the layer(s) of plastics (total/partial): ..........................................
Conductors incorporated (yes/no): ...................................................................
Opaque obscuration incorporated (yes/no): .....................................................
Remarks: .......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
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Annex 1 - Appendix 7
Annex 1 - Appendix 7
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Annex 1 - Appendix 8
Annex 1 - Appendix 8
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Annex 1 - Appendix 9
Annex 1 - Appendix 9
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Annex 1 - Appendix 10
Annex 1 - Appendix 10
1
These particulars shall be attached to appendices 1, 2 (if applicable), 3 and 5 to this annex.
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Annex 1A
Annex 1A
Communication
(Maximum format: A4 (210 x 297 mm))
of a vehicle type with regard to its safety glazing pursuant to Regulation No. 43.
Approval No. ........................................ Extension No. ......................................................
1. Make (name of manufacturer) of vehicle: .................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
1
Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see
approval provisions in the Regulation).
2
Strike out what does not apply.
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Annex 1A
5.3. In the case of rear windows: ......................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
19. The list of documents deposited with the Type Approval Authority which has
granted approval is annexed to the communication and may be obtained upon
request.
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Annex 2
a
3
a a
2 4 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a toughened-glass windscreen shows that the
component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the
approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as
amended by the 01 series of amendments.
Toughened-glass windscreens faced with plastics material
a
3 P
a a
a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a toughened-glass windscreen faced with
plastics material shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands
(E4) pursuant to Regulation No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The approval number
indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of
Regulation No. 43, as amended by the 01 series of amendments.
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a
3
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
a
3 P
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark with plastics material shows that the component
concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulation No. 43 under
approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in
accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as amended by the 01 series of
amendments.
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a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a treated laminated-glass windscreen shows that
the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the
approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as
amended by the 01 series of amendments.
Glass-plastics windscreens
a
3 V
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a glass-plastics windscreen shows that the
component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to
Regulation No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the
approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as
amended by the 01 series of amendments.
Glass panes having a regular light transmittance < 70 per cent
a
3 V
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a glass pane to which the requirements of
Annex 3, paragraph 9.1.4., are applicable shows that the component concerned has been
approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulation No. 43 under approval
No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance
with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as amended by the 01 series of amendments.
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a
3 V - VI
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a double-glazed unit shows that the component
concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulation No. 43 under
approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in
accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as amended by the 01 series of
amendments.
Uniformly-toughened glass to be used as windscreen for slow-moving vehicles which by
construction cannot exceed 40 km/h
a
3 VII
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a uniformly-toughened glass shows that the
component concerned intended to be used as a windscreen on a slow-moving vehicle
which, by construction, cannot exceed 40 km/h, has been approved in the Netherlands (E4)
pursuant to Regulation No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates
that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as
amended by the 01 series of amendments.
Uniformly toughened glass panes having a regular light transmittance ≥ 70 per cent
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a glass pane to which the requirements of
Annex 3, paragraph 9.1.4., are applicable shows that the component concerned has been
approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulation No. 43 under approval No.
012439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with
the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as amended by the 01 series of amendments.
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a
3 VIII / A/L
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a rigid plastic pane for forward facing panels with
a light scatter not exceeding 2 per cent after 1,000 cycles on the outer surface and 4 per cent
after 100 cycles on the inner surface shows that the component concerned has been approved
in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulation No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The
approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements
of Regulation No. 43, as amended by the 01 series of amendments.
Flexible plastic panes
a
3 IX
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a flexible plastic pane shows that the component
concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulation No. 43 under
approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in
accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as amended by the 01 series of
amendments.
Rigid plastic double glazed units
a
3 X
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a rigid plastic double glazed unit shows that the
component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulation
No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the approval was
granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as amended by the
01 series of amendments.
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a
3 XI
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a laminated glass pane, shows that the component
concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulation No. 43 under
approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in
accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as amended by the 01 series of
amendments.
a = 8 mm minimum
Glass-plastic panes
a
3 XII
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to glass-plastic pane, shows that the component
concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulation No. 43 under
approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in
accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as amended by the 01 series of
amendments.
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Annex 2A
Model A
a a a
2 4 3 43 R - 012439
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned
has, with regard to installation of glazing, been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant
to Regulation No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the
approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as
amended by the 01 series of amendments.
Model B
43 01 2439
a a
2 4 a
3
52 01 1628
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned
has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant to Regulations Nos. 43 and 52. The
approval numbers indicate that, at the date when the respective approvals were given,
Regulation No. 43 included the 01 series of amendments and Regulation No. 52 included
the 01 series of amendments.
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Annex 3
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Figure 1
Support for ball tests
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Figure 2
Headform weight
Dimensions in millimeters
Mounting rod
= 500
Cross-beam
(optional)
100
70
R 95 ± 1
Intermediate piece
Head
Felt cover 5 mm
thick 500
3.1.2. Means for dropping the headform weight freely from a height to be specified,
or means for giving the weight a velocity equivalent to that obtained by the
free fall. When a device to project the headform weight is used, the tolerance
on velocity shall be ±1 per cent of the velocity equivalent to that obtained by
the free fall.
3.1.3. Supporting fixture, as shown in Figure 3, for testing flat test pieces. The
fixture is composed of two steel frames, with machined borders 50 mm wide,
fitting one over the other and faced with rubber gaskets about 3 mm thick and
15 mm ± 1 mm wide and of hardness 70 IRHD. The upper frame is held
pressed against the lower frame by at least eight bolts.
3.1.4. Test conditions
Temperature: 20 °C ± 5 °C
Pressure: 860 to 1,060 mbar
Relative humidity: 60 ± 20 per cent.
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3.1.5. Procedure
3.1.5.1. Test on a flat test piece
The flat test piece, having a length of 1,100 + 5/-2 mm and a width
of 500 + 5/-2 mm, shall be kept at a constant temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C for
at least four hours immediately preceding the test.
Figure 3
Support for headform tests
1
Bolt1
Rubber gasket
470
570
105
1070
1170
Dimensions in millimeters
1
The minimum recommended torque for M 20 is 30 Nm.
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Fix the test piece in the supporting frames (paragraph 3.1.3.); the torque on
the bolts shall ensure that the movement of the test piece during the test will
not exceed 2 mm. The plane of the test piece shall be substantially
perpendicular to the incident direction of the weight. The weight shall strike
the test piece within 40 mm of its geometric centre on that face which
represents the inward face of the safety glazing when the latter is mounted on
the vehicle, and shall be allowed to make only one impact.
The impact surface of the felt cover shall be replaced after 12 tests.
3.1.5.2. Tests on a complete windscreen (used only for a drop height of less than or
equal to 1.5 m)
Place the windscreen freely on a support with an interposed strip of rubber of
hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm, the width of contact over the
whole perimeter being about 15 mm.
The support shall consist of a rigid piece corresponding to the shape of the
windscreen so that the headform weight strikes the internal surface. If
necessary the windscreen shall be clamped to the support.
The support shall rest on a rigid stand with an interposed sheet of rubber of
hardness 70 IRHD and thickness about 3 mm. The surface of the windscreen
shall be substantially perpendicular to the incident direction of the headform
weight.
The headform weight shall strike the windscreen at a point within 40 mm of
its geometric centre on that face which represents the inward face of the
safety glazing when the latter is mounted on the vehicle, and shall be allowed
to make only one impact.
The impact surface of the felt cover shall be replaced after 12 tests.
3.2. Headform test with deceleration measurement
3.2.1 Apparatus
In the case of headform tests with simultaneous determination of HIC-values
the drop body is the phantom head as in Figure 2.1. The total mass of the
phantom head should be 10.0 + 0.2/ -0.0 kg.
In the middle of the base plate (24) the triaxial mounting block (26) is
mounted in the centre of gravity to receive the acceleration gauges (27). The
acceleration gauges should be arranged vertically to each other.
The basin (18) and cover (19) situated under the base plate (24) share, to a
great extent, the elastic properties of the human skull. The elastic properties
of the phantom head on impact are determined by the hardness and the
thickness of the intermediate ring (13) and the basin.
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Figure 2.1
10 kg Headform
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Lifting device
Release device
Drop body
(phantom head)
Guide system
Light barrier
Dampers
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3.2.2.1. Measuring device which allows determining HIC-values with the headform
described under paragraph 3.2.1.
3.2.2.2. Equipment to calibrate the phantom head
The drop appliance shall allow drop heights between 50 mm and 254 mm to
be adjusted exactly to within 1 mm. A guide system is not necessary for these
small drop heights.
A steel impact plate which is made of steel is 600 mm x 600 mm in size and
at least 50 mm thick. The impact surface shall be polished:
surface roughness Rmax = 1 m, flatness tolerance t = 0.05 mm.
3.2.2.3. Calibration and adjustment of the phantom head
Before each test series and no later than each 50 tests within a series, the
phantom head shall be calibrated and adjusted if necessary.
The impact plate shall be clean and dry and during the test shall lie non-
positively on a concrete base.
The phantom head is allowed to hit the impact plate vertically. The drop
heights (measured from the lowest point of the phantom head to the surface
of the impact plate) are 50, 100, 150 and 254 mm. The deceleration curves
should be recorded.
The greatest deceleration az from the various drop heights on the z-axis shall
lie within the limits given in the table:
Greatest deceleration az as a multiple of
Drop height mm acceleration due to gravity g
50 64 ± 5
100 107 ± 5
150 150 ± 7
254 222 ± 12
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a res t a 2x t a 2y t a 2z t
1/ 2
(1)
2
A suitable abrading instrument is supplied by Teledyne Taber (United States of America).
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Figure 4
Diagram of abrading instrument
Two weighted parallel arms each carrying a special abrasive wheel freely
rotating on a ball-bearing horizontal spindle; each wheel rests on the test
specimen under the pressure exerted by a mass of 500 g.
The turntable of the abrading instrument shall rotate regularly, substantially
in one plane (the deviation from this plane shall not be greater than ±0.05 mm
at a distance of 1.6 mm from the turntable periphery).
The wheels shall be mounted in such a way that when they are in contact
with the rotating test piece they rotate in opposite directions so as to exert,
twice during each rotation of the test piece, a compressive and abrasive action
along curved lines over an annular area of about 30 cm2.
4.1.2. Abrasive wheels3, each 45 to 50 mm in diameter and 12.5 mm thick,
composed of a special finely-screened abrasive embedded in a medium-hard
rubber. The wheels shall have a hardness of 72 ± 5 IRHD, as measured at
four points equally spaced on the centreline of the abrading surface, the
pressure being applied vertically along a diameter of the wheel and the
readings being taken 10 seconds after full application of the pressure.
The abrasive wheels shall be prepared for use by very slow rotation against a
sheet of flat glass to ensure that their surface is completely even.
4.1.3. Light source consisting of an incandescent lamp with its filament contained
within a parallelepiped measuring 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm x 3 mm. The voltage at
the lamp filament shall be such that the colour temperature is 2,856 ± 50 K.
This voltage shall be stabilized within ±1/1,000. The instrument used to
check the voltage shall be of appropriate accuracy.
3
Suitable abrasive wheels may be obtained from Teledyne Taber (United States of America).
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4.1.4. Optical system consisting of a lens with a focal length f of at least 500 mm
and corrected for chromatic aberrations. The full aperture of the lens shall not
exceed f/20. The distance between the lens and the light source shall be
adjusted in order to obtain a light beam which is substantially parallel. A
diaphragm shall be inserted to limit the diameter of the light beam
to 7 mm ± 1 mm. This diaphragm shall be situated at a distance of
100 mm ± 50 mm from the lens on the side remote from the light source.
4.1.5. Equipment for measuring scattered light (see Figure 5), consisting of a
photoelectric cell with an integrating sphere 200 to 250 mm in diameter. The
sphere shall be equipped with entrance and exit ports for the light. The
entrance port shall be circular and have a diameter at least twice that of the
light beam. The exit port of the sphere shall be provided with either a light
trap or a reflectance standard, according to the procedure described in
paragraph 4.4.3. below. The light trap shall absorb all the light when no test
piece is inserted in the light beam.
The axis of the light beam shall pass through the centre of the entrance and
exit ports. The diameter b of the light-exit port shall be equal to 2 a.tan 4°,
where a. is the diameter of the sphere. The photoelectric cell shall be
mounted in such a way that it cannot be reached by light coming directly
from the entrance port or from the reflectance standard.
The surfaces of the interior of the integrating sphere and the reflectance
standard shall be of substantially equal reflectance and shall be matt and non-
selective.
The output of the photoelectric cell shall be linear within ±2 per cent over the
range of luminous intensities used. The design of the instrument shall be such
that there is no galvanometer deflection when the sphere is dark.
The whole apparatus shall be checked at regular intervals by means of
calibration standards of defined haze.
If haze measurements are made using equipment or methods differing from
those defined above, the results shall be corrected, if necessary, to bring them
into agreement with those obtained by the apparatus described above.
Figure 5
Hazemeter
Light trap
7±1
4°
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Repeat readings for T1, T2, T3, and T4 with other specified positions of the
test piece to determine uniformity.
Calculate the total transmittance Tt = T2/T1.
Calculate the total transmittance Td as follows:
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T4 T3 T2 / T1
Td
T1 T3
Calculate the percentage haze, or light, or both, scattered, as follows:
Td
Haze, or light, or both, scattered, = T x 100 %
t
Measure the initial haze of the test piece at a minimum of four equally-spaced
points in the unabraded area in accordance with the formula above. Average
the results for each test piece. In lieu of the four measurements, an average
value may be obtained by rotating the piece uniformly at 3 rev/sec or more.
For each type of safety glazing, carry out three tests with the same load. Use
the haze as a measure of the subsurface abrasion, after the test piece has been
subjected to the abrasion test.
Measure the light scattered by the abraded track at a minimum of four
equally-spaced points along the track in accordance with the formula above.
Average the results for each test piece. In lieu of the four measurements, an
average value may be obtained by rotating the piece uniformly at 3 rev/sec or
more.
4.5. The abrasion test will be carried out only at the discretion of the laboratory
conducting the test with due regard to the information already at its disposal.
Except for glass-plastics materials, changes in the interlayer or materials
thickness will not normally necessitate further testing.
4.6. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristics are involved.
5. Test of resistance to high temperature
5.1. Procedure
Heat to 100 °C three samples or three square test pieces of at least
300 mm x 300 mm which have been cut by the laboratory from three
windscreens or three glass panes as the case may be, one edge of which
corresponds to the upper edge of the glazing. Maintain this temperature for a
period of two hours, then allow the samples or test pieces to cool to room
temperature. If the safety glazing has both external surfaces of inorganic
material, the test may be carried out by immersing the sample vertically in
boiling water for the specified period of time, care being taken to avoid
undue thermal shock. If samples are cut from windscreens, one edge of each
such sample shall be part of an edge of the windscreen.
5.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colourless Tinted
Colouring of the interlayer 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
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That face of each test piece which would constitute a glazed exterior part of
the vehicle shall face the lamp. For the type of lamp specified in
paragraph 6.1.1.1. the exposure time shall be 100 hours. After exposure,
measure the regular light transmittance again in the exposed area of each test
piece.
6.1.4. Each test piece or sample (total number 3 pieces) shall be subjected, in
accordance with the procedure above, to radiation such that the radiation on
each point of the test piece or sample produces on the interlayer used the
same effect as that which would be produced by solar radiation of 1,400
W/m2 for 100 hours.
6.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colourless Tinted
Colouring of glass 2 1
Colouring of interlayer 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
6.3. Interpretation of results
6.3.1. The test for resistance to radiation shall be deemed to have given a positive
result if the following conditions are fulfilled:
6.3.1.1. The total light transmittance when measured pursuant to paragraphs 9.1.1.
and 9.1.2. of this annex does not fall below 95 per cent of the original value
before irradiation and in any event does not fall:
6.3.1.1.1. Below 70 per cent in the case of windscreens and other glazing located in a
position requisite for driving visibility.
6.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for approval shall be considered
satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance to radiation test if all the
tests have given a satisfactory result.
6.4. Resistance to simulated weathering
6.4.1. Test method
6.4.1.1. Apparatus
6.4.1.1.1. Long arc xenon lamp
The exposure apparatus4 shall utilize a long arc xenon lamp as the source of
irradiation, but other methods giving the required level of ultraviolet radiant
exposure shall be allowed. The long arc xenon lamp is advantageous in that it
can, when correctly filtered and maintained, yield a spectrum most closely
approximating that of natural sunlight. To this end, the quartz xenon burner
tube shall be fitted with suitable borosilicate glass optical filter(s) 5. The
xenon lamps employed shall be operated, from a suitable 50 or 60 Hz power
supply suitable reactance transformers and electrical equipment.
4
Such as Atlas Ci Series, Heraeus Xenotest Series, or Suga WEL-X Series.
5
Such as Corning 7740 Pyrex or Heraeus Suprax.
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6
Total ultraviolet is considered to be all radiation of wavelength less than 400 nm.
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The black panel thermometer shall be mounted in the test specimen rack and
readings shall be taken at the point where maximum heat is developed due to
light exposure.
6.4.1.3.4. The relative humidity within the exposure apparatus shall be controlled at
50 ± 5 per cent during the dry portions of the cycle.
6.4.1.3.5. The deionized water used in the spray cycle shall contain less than 1 ppm
silicon dioxide solids and shall leave no permanent deposit or residue on the
test specimens which would interfere with subsequent measurements.
6.4.1.3.6. The pH of the water shall be between 6.0 and 8.0, and the conductivity shall
be less than 5 microsiemens.
6.4.1.3.7. The temperature of the water in the line where it enters the exposure
apparatus shall be the ambient water temperature.
6.4.1.3.8. The water shall strike the test specimens in the form of a fine spray in
sufficient volume to wet the test specimens uniformly, immediately upon
impact.
Water spray will be directed only against the test specimen surface facing the
light source. No recirculation of the spray water or immersion of the test
specimens in the water shall be permitted.
6.4.1.3.9. The test specimens shall be rotated about the arc in order to provide uniform
distribution of the light. All positions in the exposure apparatus shall be filled
with test specimens or surrogates to ensure that a uniform temperature
distribution is maintained. Test specimens shall be held in frames with backs
exposed to the cabinet environment. However, reflections from cabinet walls
shall not be permitted to strike the back surface of specimens. If necessary,
samples may be backed to block such reflections so long as free circulation of
air at the specimen surface is not impeded.
6.4.1.3.10. The exposure apparatus shall be operated to provide continuous light and
intermittent water spray in 2 h cycles. Each 2 h cycle shall be divided into
periods during which the test specimens are exposed to light without water
spray for 102 minutes and to light with water spray for 18 minutes.
6.4.1.4. Evaluation
After exposure, the test pieces may be cleaned, if necessary, by a practice
recommended by their manufacturer to remove any residues present.
Evaluate the exposed test pieces visually with respect to the following
properties:
(a) Bubbles
(b) Colour
(c) Haze
(d) Noticeable decomposition
Measure the luminous transmission of the exposed test pieces.
6.4.1.5. Expression of results
Report visual evaluations of exposed test pieces, comparing the appearance
of each with that of the unexposed control.
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The regular light transmittance measured shall not differ from the original
test on unexposed samples by more than 5 per cent and shall not fall below:
70 per cent in the case of a windscreen and other glazing that is located in a
position requisite for driving visibility.
7. Resistance-to-humidity test
7.1. Procedure
Keep three samples or three square test pieces of at least 300 mm x 300 mm in
a vertical position for two weeks in a closed container in which the temperature
is maintained at 50 °C ± 2 °C and the relative humidity at 95 ± 4 per cent. In
the case of rigid plastic glazings and rigid plastic double glazed units, the
number of samples shall be ten.
The test pieces shall be prepared in such a way that:
(a) At least one edge of the test pieces coincides with an original edge of
the glass pane,
(b) If several test pieces are tested at the same time, adequate spacing
shall be provided between them.
Precautions shall be taken to prevent condensate from the walls or ceiling of
the test chamber from falling on the test pieces.
7.2. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colourless Tinted
Colouring of interlayer 1 2
The other secondary characteristics are not involved.
7.3. Interpretation of results
7.3.1. Safety glazing shall be deemed to be satisfactory from the point of view of
resistance to humidity if no significant change is observed more than 10 mm
from the uncut edges and more than 15 mm from the cut edges after ordinary
and treated laminated glass glazing have been maintained for two hours in the
ambient atmosphere, and plastics-faced and glass-plastics glazing have been
maintained for 48 hours in the ambient atmosphere.
7.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for approval shall be considered
satisfactory from the point of view of the test for resistance to humidity if all
the tests have given a satisfactory result.
8. Test of resistance to temperature changes
8.1. Test method
Two test pieces 300 mm x 300 mm shall be placed in an enclosure at a
temperature of -40 °C ± 5 °C for a period of 6 hours; they shall then be
placed in the open air at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C for one hour or until
temperature equilibrium has been reached by the test pieces. These shall then
be placed in circulating air at a temperature of 72 °C ± 2 °C for 3 hours. After
being placed again in the open air at 23 °C ± 2 °C and cooled to that
temperature, the test pieces shall be examined.
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7
International Commission on Illumination.
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Place the test piece at a distance from the receiver equal to approximately
five times the diameter of the receiver. Insert the safety-glass pane between
the diaphragm and the receiver and adjust its orientation in such a way that
the angle of incidence of the light beam is equal to 0 ± 5°. The regular
transmittance shall be measured on the test piece, and for every point
measured the number of divisions, n, shown on the indicating instrument,
shall be read. The regular transmittance r is equal to n/100.
9.1.2.1. In the case of windscreens, alternative test methods may be applied using
either a test piece cut from the flattest part of a windscreen or a specifically-
prepared flat square with material and thickness characteristics identical to
those of the actual windscreen, the measurements being taken normal
(perpendicular) to the glass pane.
9.1.2.2. For the windscreens of M1 vehicles8 the test shall be carried out in test area B
defined in Annex 18, paragraph 2.3., excluding any opaque obscuration
impinging on it.
For the windscreens of N1 vehicles, the manufacturer may request that the
same test may be carried out either in test area B defined in Annex 18,
paragraph 2.3., excluding any opaque obscuration impinging on it, or in the
zone I defined in paragraph 9.2.5.2.3. of this annex.
For windscreens of other categories of vehicles, the test shall be carried out in
the zone I defined in paragraph 9.2.5.2.3. of this annex.
However, for agricultural and forestry tractors and for construction-site
vehicles for which it is not possible to determine zone I, the test shall be
carried out in zone I' as defined in paragraph 9.2.5.3. of this annex.
9.1.3. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Colourless Tinted
Colouring of the glass 1 2
Colouring of the interlayer 1 2
(in the case of laminated windscreens)
Not included Included
Shade and/or opaque obscuration 1 2
8
As defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3),
(document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2, para.2).
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E1
M
1
X
Safety glazing
M'
2
C E2
Notes:
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8 mm
Light source
Lens
Condenser
9.2.1.2.2. Slides (rasters) consisting, for example, of an array of bright circular shapes
on a dark background (see Figure 8). The slides shall be of sufficiently high
quality and contrast to enable measurement to be carried out with an error of
less than 5 per cent.
In the absence of the safety glazing to be examined, the dimensions of the
circular shapes shall be such that when the circular shapes are projected they
form an array of circles of diameter
R1 R 2
x , where x = 4 mm (see Figures 6 and 9).
R1
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Figure 8
Enlarged section of the slide
D
3D
3D
Figure 9
Arrangement of the apparatus for the optical distortion test
Safety-glass pane
Projector R2 Display
screen
Diaphragm
R1
Viewing direction
Rake angle
R1 = 4 m
R2 = 2 to 4 m (4 m preferred)
9.2.1.2.3. Support stand, preferably one permitting vertical and horizontal scanning, as
well as rotation of the safety glazing.
9.2.1.2.4. Checking template for measuring changes in dimensions where a rapid
assessment is required. A suitable design is shown in Figure 10.
Figure 10
Design for a suitable checking template
-A
+A
Lower limit
Undistorted
Upper limit
image
-A
+A
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9.2.1.3. Procedure
9.2.1.3.1. General
Mount the windscreen on the support stand (paragraph 9.2.1.2.3.) at the
designed rake angle. Project the test image through the area being examined.
Rotate the windscreen or move it either horizontally or vertically in order to
examine the whole of the specified area.
9.2.1.3.2. Assessment using a checking template
When a rapid assessment with a possible margin of error of up to 20 per cent
is sufficient, calculate the value of A (see Figure 10) from the limit value
L for the change in deviation and the value of R2, the distance from the
safety glazing to the display screen:
A = 0.145 L - R2
The relationship between the change in diameter of the projected image d
and the change in angular deviation is given by
d = 0.29 R2
where:
d is in millimetres,
A is in millimetres,
L is in minutes of arc,
is in minutes of arc,
R2 is in metres.
9.2.1.3.3. Measurement using a photoelectric device
Where a precise measurement with a possible margin of error of less than
10 per cent of the limit value is required, measure d on the projection axis,
the value of the spot width being taken at the point where the luminance is
0.5 times the maximum spot-luminance value.
9.2.1.4. Expression of results
Evaluate the optical distortion of the windscreen by measuring d at any
point of the surface and in all directions in order to find d max.
9.2.1.5. Alternative method
In addition, a strioscopic technique is permitted as an alternative to the
projection techniques, provided that the accuracy of the measurements given
in paragraphs 9.2.1.3.2. and 9.2.1.3.3. is maintained.
9.2.1.6. The distance x shall be 4 mm.
9.2.1.7. The windscreen shall be mounted at the same angle of inclination as on the
vehicle.
9.2.1.8. The projection axis in the horizontal plane shall be maintained approximately
normal to the trace of the windscreen in that plane.
9.2.2. The measurements shall be performed:
9.2.2.1. For vehicle category M1 in test area A, extended to the median plane of the
vehicle, and in the corresponding part of the windscreen symmetrical to it
about the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, and also in the reduced
test area B according to paragraph 2.4. of Annex 18.
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Maximum values of
Vehicle category Zone optical distortion
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Figure 11
Dimensions of targets
12 mm
centre spot
Slot width
2 mm
a) b)
D D
Figure 12
Arrangement of apparatus
Figure 13
Apparatus for collimation-telescope test
Image plane
Rake angle Safety glazing
1 1 2
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Figure 14
Example of observation by the collimation-telescope test method
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10.4. Apparatus
10.4.1. Combustion chamber (Figure 15), preferably of stainless steel, having the
dimensions given in Figure 16.
The front of the chamber contains a flame-resistant observation window,
which may cover the entire front and which can be constructed as an access
panel.
The bottom of the chamber has vent holes, and the top has a vent slot all
around. The combustion chamber is placed on four feet, 10 mm high. The
chamber may have a hole at one end for the introduction of the sample holder
containing the sample; in the opposite end, a hole is provided for the gas-
supply line. Melted material is caught in a pan (see Figure 17) which is
placed on the bottom of the chamber between vent holes without covering
any vent hole area.
Figure 15
Example of combustion chamber with sample holder and drip pan
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Figure 17
Typical drip pan
Figure 18
Example of sample holder
Dimensions in millimetres
according to ISO 2768
Figure 19
Example of section of lower U-frame design for wire support facility
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127
6
100
80
356
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10.5.2. Sampling
At least five samples shall be taken from the material under test. In materials
having burning rates differing according to the direction of the material (this
being established by preliminary tests) the five (or more) samples shall be
taken and be placed in the test apparatus in such a way that the highest
burning rate will be measured.
When the material is supplied in set widths, a length of at least 500 mm
covering the entire width shall be cut. From the piece so cut, the samples
shall be taken at not less than 100 mm from the edge of the material and at
points equidistant from each other.
Samples shall be taken in the same way from finished products when the
shape of the product so permits. If the thickness of the product is over 13 mm
it shall be reduced to 13 mm by a mechanical process applied to the side
which does not face the passenger compartment.
Composite materials (see paragraph 10.2.2.) shall be tested as if they were
homogeneous.
In the case of materials comprising superimposed layers of different
composition which are not composite materials, all the layers of material
included within a depth of 13 mm from the surface facing towards the
passenger compartment shall be tested individually.
10.5.3. Conditioning
The samples shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours, but not more than
7 days, at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 per
cent, and shall be maintained under these conditions until immediately prior
to testing.
10.6. Procedure
10.6.1. Place samples with napped or tufted surfaces on a flat surface, and comb
twice against the nap using the comb (paragraph 10.4.5.).
10.6.2. So place the sample in the sample holder (paragraph 10.4.2.) that the exposed
side faces downwards, towards the flame.
10.6.3. Adjust the gas flame to a height of 38 mm using the mark in the chamber, the
air intake of the burner being closed. The flame shall burn for at least one
minute, for stabilization, before the first test is started.
10.6.4. Push the sample holder into the combustion chamber so that the end of the
sample is exposed to the flame, and after 15 seconds cut off the gas flow.
10.6.5. Measurement of burning time starts at the moment when the foot of the flame
passes the first measuring point. Observe the flame propagation on the side
(upper or lower) which burns faster.
10.6.6. Measurement of burning time is completed when the flame has come to the
last measuring point or when the flame is extinguished before reaching that
point. If the flame does not reach the last measuring point, measure the burnt
distance up to the point where the flame was extinguished. Burnt distance is
the part of the sample destroyed, on the surface or inside, by burning.
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10.6.7. If the sample does not ignite or does not continue burning after the burner has
been extinguished, or the flame goes out before reaching the first measuring
point, so that no burning time is measured, note in the test report that the
burning rate is 0 mm/min.
10.6.8. When running a series of tests or performing repeat tests, make sure before
starting a test that the temperature of the combustion chamber and sample
holder does not exceed 30 °C.
10.7. Calculation
The burning rate B, in millimetres per minute, is given by the formula:
B = s/t x 60;
where:
s is the burnt distance, in millimetres,
t is the time, in seconds, taken to burn the distance s.
10.8. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristics are involved.
10.9. Interpretation of results
10.9.1. Safety glazing faced with plastics material (paragraph 2.4. of this Regulation)
and glass-plastics (paragraph 2.5. of this Regulation) shall be considered
satisfactory from the point of view of the fire-resistance test if the burn rate
does not exceed 90 mm/min.
10.9.2 Rigid plastic glazing (paragraph 2.6.1. of this Regulation), flexible plastic
glazing (paragraph 2.6.2. of this Regulation) and rigid plastic double glazed
units shall be considered satisfactory from the point of view of the fire-
resistance test if the burn rate does not exceed 110 mm/min.
11. Test of resistance to chemicals
11.1. Chemicals used for the test
11.1.1. Non-abrasive soap solution: 1 per cent by weight of potassium oleate in
deionised water;
11.1.2. Window-cleaning-solution: an aqueous solution of isopropanol and
dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether in concentration between 5 and 10 per
cent by weight each and ammonium hydroxide in concentration between 1
and 5 per cent by weight;
11.1.3. Undiluted denatured alcohol: 1 part by volume methyl alcohol in 10 parts by
volume ethyl alcohol;
11.1.4. Petrol or equivalent reference petrol: a mixture of 50 per cent by volume
toluene, 30 per cent by volume 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 15 per cent by
volume 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene and 5 per cent by volume ethyl alcohol:
N.B. The composition of the petrol used shall be recorded in the test report;
11.1.5. Reference kerosene: a mixture of 50 per cent by volume n-octane and 50 per
cent by volume n-decane.
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11.2.4.2. The load mass shall be 28.7 . t2 g where t is the thickness in mm of the test
specimen. The resulting stress on the outer fibre of the sample is
approximately 6.9 MPa.
Example: For a 3 mm thick sample placed horizontally between a downward
fixed edge and an upward fulcrum edge separated by 51 mm the applied
downward load at 102 mm from the fulcrum is to be 258 g.
11.2.4.3. While the sample is stressed, one of the prescribed chemicals shall be applied
to the top surface of the sample above the fulcrum point. The chemical shall
be applied with a soft, 13 mm wide brush, wetted before each stroke. Ten
individual strokes at 1 s intervals across the width of the sample, avoiding the
end and edges, shall be required (see Figure 22).
Figure 22
Method of applying chemicals to the sample
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Figure 24
Tool with six blades
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Annex 4
Toughened-glass windscreens
1. Definition of type
Toughened-glass windscreens shall be deemed to belong to different types if
they differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary
characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. The trade names or marks;
1.1.2. The shape and dimensions.
Toughened-glass windscreens shall be considered as belonging to one or
other of two groups for the purposes of fragmentation and mechanical-
properties test, i.e.;
1.1.2.1. Flat windscreens, and
1.1.2.2. Curved windscreens.
1.1.3. The thickness category in which the nominal thickness 'e' lies (a
manufacturing tolerance of ±0.2 mm being allowed):
Category I e 4.5 mm
Category II 4.5 mm < e 5.5 mm
Category III 5.5 mm < e 6.5 mm
Category IV 6.5 mm < e
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. Nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet glass);
1.2.2. Colouring (colourless or tinted);
1.2.3. The incorporation or otherwise of conductors;
1.2.4. The incorporation or otherwise of opaque obscuration.
2. Fragmentation test
2.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
2.1.1. Only the nature of the material is involved.
2.1.2. Float glass and sheet glass are considered to have the same index of
difficulty.
2.1.3. The fragmentation tests shall be repeated on transition from polished (plate)
glass to float glass or sheet glass, and vice versa.
2.2. Number of test pieces
Six test pieces from the smallest-developed-area series and six samples from
the largest-developed-area series, selected as prescribed in Annex 13, shall be
tested.
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Annex 5
Plate glass 2
Float glass 1
Sheet glass 1
* This type of uniformly-toughened glass pane can also be used for windscreens for slow-moving
vehicles which, by construction, cannot exceed 40 km/h.
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Annex 6
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3. Headform test
3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Headform test on a complete windscreen
3.2.1. Number of test pieces
Four test pieces from the smallest-developed-area series and four samples
from the largest-developed-area series selected in accordance with the
provisions of Annex 13, shall be tested.
3.2.2. Test method
3.2.2.1. The method used shall be that described in Annex 3. paragraph 3.1.
3.2.2.2. The drop height shall be 1.5 m + 5 mm.
- 0
3.2.3. Interpretation of results
3.2.3.1. This test shall be deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are fulfilled:
3.2.3.1.1. The test piece breaks displaying numerous circular cracks centred
approximately on the point of impact, the cracks nearest to the point of
impact being not more than 80 mm from it;
3.2.3.1.2. The layers of glass shall remain adhering to the plastics-material interlayer.
One or more partial separation from the interlayer with a distance of less than
4 mm in breadth, on either side of the crack, is permitted outside a circle of
60 mm in diameter centred on the point of impact.
3.2.3.1.3. On the impact side:
3.2.3.1.3.1. The interlayer shall not be laid bare over an area of more than 20 cm2,
3.2.3.1.3.2. A tear in the interlayer up to a length of 35 mm is allowed.
3.2.3.2. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory
from the point of view of the headform test if all the tests give a satisfactory
result.
4. Mechanical strength test
4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
4.2. 2,260 g ball test
10
4.2.1. Twelve square test pieces of 300 mm 0 mm side shall be subjected to
testing.
4.2.2. Test method
4.2.2.1. The method used shall be that described in Annex 3, paragraph 2.2.
4.2.2.2. The height of drop (from the underface of the ball to the upper face of the test
piece) shall be 4 m + 25 mm.
- 0
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+40 °C ± 2 °C -20 °C ± 2 °C
e 4.5 9 12 8.5 12
4.5 < e 5.5 9 15 8.5 15
5.5 < e 6.5 9 20 8.5 20
e > 6.5 9 25 8.5 25
4.3.4. Interpretation of results
4.3.4.1. The test shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
- The ball does not pass through the test piece,
- The test piece does not break into several pieces,
- If the interlayer is not torn, the weight of fragments detached from the
side of the glass opposite to the point of impact shall not exceed the
appropriate values specified in paragraph 4.3.3.2. above.
4.3.4.2. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory
from the point of view of the 227 g ball test if at least eight of the ten tests
carried out at each temperature, have given a satisfactory result.
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Annex 7
Laminated-glass panes
1. Definition of type
Laminated-glass panes shall be deemed to belong to different types if they
differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. The trade names or marks.
1.1.2. The thickness category of the pane in which the nominal thickness 'e' lies, a
manufacturing tolerance of ±0.2 . n mm ('n' being the number of layers of
glass in the pane) being allowed:
Category I e 5.5 mm
Category II 5.5 mm < e 6.5 mm
Category III 6.5 mm < e
1.1.3. The nominal thickness of the interlayer or interlayers,
1.1.4. The nature and type of the interlayer or interlayers, e.g. PVB or other
plastics-material interlayer or interlayers,
1.1.5 Any special treatment which one or more layers of glass may have
undergone.
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. The nature of the material (polished (plate) glass, float glass, sheet glass),
1.2.2. The colouring (total or partial) of the interlayer or interlayers (colourless or
tinted),
1.2.3. The colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted).
1.2.4. The incorporation or otherwise of opaque obscuration.
2. General
2.1. In the case of laminated-glass panes, the tests shall be conducted on flat test
pieces which are either cut from actual glass glazing or are specially made. In
either case the test pieces shall be in all respects rigorously representative of
the glass glazing for the production of which approval is sought.
2.2. Before each test the test pieces of laminated glass shall be stored for not less
than four hours at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C. The tests shall be performed
on the test pieces as soon as the test pieces have been taken out of the
receptacle in which they were stored.
2.3. The provisions of this annex shall be considered to be met if the glazing
submitted for approval is of the same composition as a windscreen already
approved under the provisions of Annex 6 or Annex 8 or Annex 9.
3. Mechanical strength test - 227 g ball test
3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
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Annex 8
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3. Tests prescribed
Treated laminated glass windscreens shall be subjected to:
3.1. The tests prescribed in Annex 6 for ordinary laminated-glass windscreens,
3.2. The fragmentation test described in paragraph 4. below.
4. Fragmentation test
4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
Plate glass 2
Float glass 1
Sheet glass 1
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4.5.2. The test piece(s) or finished part(s) submitted for approval shall be
considered satisfactory from the point of view of fragmentation if either of
the following conditions is met:
4.5.2.1. The test gives a satisfactory result for each point of impact, or
4.5.2.2. The test having been repeated on a new set of four test pieces for each point
of impact for which it had originally given an unsatisfactory result, the four
new tests, performed at the same impact points all give a satisfactory result.
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Annex 9
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Annex 10
Glass-plastics windscreens
1. Definition of type
Glass-plastics windscreens shall be considered to belong to different types if
they differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary
characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. The trade names or marks,
1.1.2. The shape and dimensions.
Glass-plastics windscreens shall be deemed to belong to a group for the
purposes of tests of mechanical strength, resistance to the environment,
resistance to temperature changes and resistance to chemical agents,
1.1.3. The number of plastics layers,
1.1.4. The nominal thickness 'e' of the windscreen, a manufacturing tolerance
of ±0.2 mm being allowed,
1.1.5. The nominal thickness of the layer of glass,
1.1.6. The nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastics acting as interlayer(s),
1.1.7. The nature and type of the layer(s) of plastics acting as interlayer(s) (e.g.
PVB or other material) and of the plastics layer situated on the inner face,
1.1.8. Any special treatment the glazing may have undergone.
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1 The nature of the material (plate glass, float glass, sheet glass),
1.2.2. The colouring (total or partial) of any layer(s) of plastics (colourless or
tinted),
1.2.3. The colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted),
1.2.4. The incorporation or otherwise of conductors,
1.2.5. The incorporation or otherwise of opaque obscuration.
2. General
2.1. In the case of glass-plastics windscreens, tests other than headform tests
(paragraph 3.2.) and tests of optical qualities shall be conducted on flat test
pieces which are either cut from actual windscreens or are specially made for
the purpose. In either case the test pieces shall in all respects be, rigorously
representative of the serially-produced windscreens for which approval is
sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces shall be stored for not less than four hours at
a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C. The tests shall take place as soon as possible
after the test pieces have been taken out of the receptacle in which they were
stored.
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3. Headform test
3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Headform test on a complete windscreen
3.2.1. Number of test pieces
Four test pieces from the series having the smallest developed area and four
test pieces from the series having the largest developed area, selected in
accordance with the provisions of Annex 13, shall be tested.
3.2.2. Test method
3.2.2.1. The method used shall be that described in Annex 3, paragraph 3.1.
3.2.2.2. The height of drop shall be 1.50 m + 0 mm.
- 5
3.2.3. Interpretation of results
3.2.3.1. This test shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met.
3.2.3.1.1. The layer of glass breaks, displaying numerous circular cracks centred
approximately on the point of impact, the cracks nearest to the point of
impact being not more than 80 mm from it;
3.2.3.1.2. The layer of glass remains adhering to the plastics material interlayer. One or
more partial separations from the interlayer not more than 4 mm in breadth
may be allowed on either side of the crack outside a circle 60 mm in diameter
centred on the point of impact;
3.2.3.1.3. A tear in the interlayer of a length up to 35 mm is allowed on the impact side.
3.2.3.2. A set of samples submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory from
the point of view of the headform test if all of the tests have given a
satisfactory result.
4. Mechanical strength test
4.1. Indices of difficulty, test method and interpretation of results
The requirements of Annex 6, paragraph 4., shall apply.
4.2. However the third requirement set out in paragraph 4.3.4.1. of Annex 6 is not
relevant.
5. Test of resistance to the environment
5.1. Test of resistance to abrasion
5.1.1. Test of resistance to abrasion on the outer face
5.1.1.1. The requirements of Annex 6, paragraph 5.1., shall apply.
5.1.2. Test of resistance to abrasion on the inner face
5.1.2.1. The requirements of Annex 9, paragraph 2., shall apply.
5.2. Test of resistance to high temperature
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 5., shall apply.
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Annex 11
Glass-plastics panes
1. Definition of type
Glass-plastics panes shall be considered to belong to different types if they
differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. The trade names or marks,
1.1.2. The thickness category applicable to the nominal thickness 'e' a
manufacturing tolerance of ±0.2 mm being allowed:
Category I e 3.5 mm
Category II 3.5 mm < e 4.5 mm
Category III 4.5 mm < e
1.1.3. The nominal thickness of the layer(s) of plastics material acting as
interlayer(s),
1.1.4. The nominal thickness of the glass pane,
1.1.5. The type of the layer(s) of plastics material acting as interlayer(s) (e.g. PVB
or other material) and of the plastics layer on the inner face,
1.1.6. Any special treatment which the layer of glass may have undergone.
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. The nature of the material (plate glass, float glass, sheet glass),
1.2.2. The colouring (total or partial) of any layer(s) of plastics (colourless or
tinted),
1.2.3. The colouring of the glass (colourless or tinted).
1.2.4. The incorporation or otherwise of opaque obscuration.
2. General
2.1. In the case of glass-plastics panes the tests shall be conducted on flat test
pieces which are either cut from normal glass panes or are specially made. In
either case the test pieces shall be in all respects rigorously representative of
the glass panes for the production of which approval is sought.
2.2. Before each test, the test pieces of glass-plastics panes shall be stored for not
less than four hours at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C. The tests shall take
place as soon as possible after the test pieces have been taken out of the
receptacle in which they were stored.
2.3. The provisions of this annex shall be considered to be met if the glass pane
submitted for approval has the same composition as that of a windscreen
already approved under the provisions of Annex 10.
3. Mechanical strength test -227 g Ball Test
The provisions of Annex 7, paragraph 3, shall apply.
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Annex 12
Double-glazed units
1. Definition of type
3.3.3. In the case of an asymmetrical double-glazed unit, three tests shall be carried
out on one side and three tests on the other side.
3.4. Interpretation of results
3.4.1. Double glazing consisting of two uniformly-toughened glass panes:
The test shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result if both
components break;
3.4.2. Double glazing consisting of laminated glass panes and/or glass-plastics
panes:
The test shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result if the
following conditions are met:
3.4.2.1. The two components of the test piece yield and break, displaying numerous
circular cracks centred approximately on the point of impact;
3.4.2.2. Tears in the interlayer(s) are allowed provided that the manikin's head does
no pass through the test piece.
3.4.2.3. No large fragment of glass becomes detached from the interlayer.
3.4.3. Double glazing consisting of a uniformly-toughened glass pane and of a
laminated glass pane or glass-plastics pane:
3.4.3.1. The toughened-glass pane breaks;
3.4.3.2. The laminated glass pane or glass-plastics pane yields and breaks, displaying
numerous circular cracks centred approximately on the point of impact;
3.4.3.3. Tears in the interlayer(s) are allowed provided that the manikin's head does
not pass through the test piece;
3.4.3.4. No large fragment of glass becomes detached from the interlayer.
3.4.4. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory
with respect to behaviour under head impact, if all of the tests have given a
satisfactory result.
4. Optical qualities
The provisions concerning the regular light transmittance set out in Annex 3,
paragraph 9.1., shall apply to double glazed units or parts of double-glazed
units located at places which are essential to the driver's vision.
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6.1.2. Three flat square test pieces of 100 mm side for each type of surface shall be
subjected to testing.
6.1.3. Interpretation of results
6.1.3.1. In the case of glazing of class L, the abrasion test shall be considered to have
given a satisfactory result if the total light scatter after abrasion does not
exceed 2 per cent after 1,000 cycles on the outer surface of the test piece and
4 per cent after 100 cycles on the inner surface of the test piece.
6.1.3.2. In the case of glazing of class M, the abrasion test shall be considered to have
given a satisfactory result if the total light scatter after abrasion does not
exceed 10 per cent after 500 cycles on the outer surface of the test piece and
4 per cent after 100 cycles on the inner surface of the test piece.
6.1.3.3. For sun roofs, no abrasion test is required.
6.1.4. A set of test pieces for approval shall be considered satisfactory if one of the
following conditions is met:
(a) All test pieces meet the requirements or
(b) One test piece having failed, a repeat of the tests on a new set of test
pieces gives a satisfactory result.
6.2. Test of resistance to simulated weathering
6.2.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 6.4., shall apply. The total
ultraviolet radiant exposure with the long arc xenon lamp shall be 500 MJ/m2.
During irradiation the test pieces shall be exposed to water spray in
continuous cycles. During a cycle of 120 minutes the test pieces are exposed
to light without water spray for 102 minutes and to light with water spray for
18 minutes.
6.2.1.1. Other methods giving equivalent results shall be allowed.
6.2.2. Number of test pieces
Three flat test pieces 130 mm x 40 mm cut from a flat sheet sample shall be
subjected to testing.
6.2.3. Interpretation of results
6.2.3.1. The resistance to the simulated weathering shall be considered to have given
a satisfactory result if:
6.2.3.1.1. The light transmittance measured in accordance with Annex 3, paragraph 9.1.
does not fall below 95 per cent of the pre-weathering value. Additionally, for
windows which are required for driver visibility the value shall not fall below
70 per cent.
6.2.3.1.2. No bubbles or other visible decompositions, discolorations, milkiness or
crazing shall occur during weathering.
6.2.4. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory
from the point of view of the resistance to simulated weathering if one of the
following conditions is met:
6.2.4.1. All test pieces have given a satisfactory result.
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6.2.4.2. One test piece having given an unsatisfactory result, a further series of tests
carried out on a new set of test pieces or samples gives satisfactory results.
6.3. Cross-cut test
6.3.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 13., shall apply only to coated rigid
products.
6.3.2. The cross-cut test shall be carried out on one of the test pieces from
paragraph 6.2.
6.3.3. Interpretation of results
6.3.3.1 The cross-cut test shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result if:
6.3.3.1.1. The cross-cut value Gt1 is met.
6.3.3.2. The test piece shall be considered satisfactory from the point of view of
approval if one of the following conditions is met:
6.3.3.2.1. The test has given satisfactory results.
6.3.3.2.2. The test having given an unsatisfactory result, a further test carried out on
another remaining test piece of the test from paragraph 6.2 gives satisfactory
results.
6.4. Resistance-to-humidity test
6.4.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 7., shall apply.
6.4.2. Ten flat square test pieces of 300 mm side shall be subjected to testing.
6.4.3. Interpretation of results
6.4.3.1 The humidity test shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result if:
6.4.3.1.1. No visible decompositions like bubbles or milkiness occur on any sample,
6.4.3.1.2 And if the light transmittance measured according to Annex 3, paragraph 9.1.
does not fall to less than 95 per cent of the pre-test value and additionally to
no less than 70 per cent for any window required for driver visibility.
6.4.4. After testing the test pieces shall be stored for at least 48 hours at a
temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 5 per cent, and
then subjected to the 227 g ball drop test described under item 5 of this
annex.
7. Optical qualities
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 9.1. shall apply for products which
are requisite for driver visibility.
7.1. Interpretation of results
A set of test pieces shall be considered as satisfactory if one of the following
conditions is met:
7.1.1. All test pieces give satisfactory results.
7.1.2. One test piece having given an unsatisfactory result, a further set of test
pieces gives satisfactory results.
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10 seconds after a 180° folding, the material shall not show any fracture or
damage at the point of bending.
4. Mechanical strength tests
4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
4.2. 227 g ball test at 20 °C ± 5 °C
4.2.1. Number of test pieces
Ten flat square pieces 300 +10/-0 mm shall be subjected to testing.
4.2.2. Test method
4.2.2.1. The method used shall be that prescribed in Annex 3, paragraph 2.1.
4.2.2.2. The height of drop is 2 m for all thicknesses.
4.2.3. Interpretation of results
4.2.3.1. The ball test shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result if the ball
does not penetrate the test piece.
4.2.3.2. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory
from the point of view of the 227 g ball test if one of the following conditions
is met:
4.2.3.2.1. Eight or more tests give a satisfactory result at the height of drop.
4.2.3.2.2. More than two tests having given an unsatisfactory result at the minimum
height of drop, a further series of tests carried out on a new set of test pieces
gives satisfactory results.
4.3. 227 g ball test at -18 °C ± 2 °C
4.3.1. To minimize the temperature change of the test piece the test shall be
performed within 30 seconds of the removal of the test piece from the
conditioning appliance.
4.3.2. The test method shall be that described in paragraph 4.2.2. of this annex,
except that the test piece temperature is -18 °C ± 2 °C.
4.3.3. Interpretation of results as in paragraph 4.2.3. of this annex.
5. Test of resistance to the environment
5.1. Test of resistance to simulated weathering
5.1.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 6.4. shall apply. The total ultraviolet
radiant exposure with the long arc xenon lamp shall be 500 MJ/m2. During
irradiation the test pieces shall be exposed to water spray in continuous
cycles. During a cycle of 120 minutes the test pieces are exposed to light
without water spray for 102 minutes and to light with water spray for 18
minutes.
5.1.1.1. Other methods giving equivalent results shall be allowed.
5.1.2. Number of test pieces
Three flat test pieces 130 mm x 40 mm cut from a flat sheet sample shall be
subjected to testing.
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Annex 16
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3. Flexibility test
3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Number of test pieces
One test piece for each component sheet of the window measuring
300 mm x 25 mm shall be subjected to testing.
3.3. Test method
3.3.1. The method used shall be that described in Annex 3, paragraph 12.
3.4. Interpretation of results
The vertical deviation of both component sheets shall be less than 50 mm
after 60 seconds.
4. Headform test
4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
4.2. Number of test pieces
Six representative windows of size 1,170 mm x 570 mm (+0/-2 mm in both
directions) shall be subjected to testing. The test pieces will have provision
for peripheral clamping.
4.3. Test method
4.3.1. The test method used shall be that described in Annex 3, paragraph 3.2.
Impact will be on the inner side of the window.
4.3.2. For glazing like partitions and separating windows which have high impact
probability the drop height shall be 3 m.
The HIC value is also to be measured.
4.3.3. For glazing like side windows, back windows and sunroofs which have
reduced impact possibilities the drop height shall be 1.5 m.
The HIC value is also to be measured.
4.3.4. For glazing which do not have contact possibilities such as windows in trailer
caravans as well as for small windows there will be no headform testing. A
small window is a window into which a 150 mm diameter circle cannot be
scribed.
4.4. Interpretation of results
The test shall be deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are fulfilled:
4.4.1. The test piece is not penetrated nor shall it break into fully separate large
pieces.
4.4.2. The HIC value is less than 1,000.
4.4.3. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory
from the point of view of the headform test if one of the following conditions
is met:
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Annex 17
In the case of a safety glazing pane having a simple curvature, the height of
segment will be equal to: h1 maximum.
In the case of a safety glazing pane having a double curvature, the height of
segment will be equal to: h1 maximum + h2 maximum.
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Figure 2
Prescribed points of impact for windscreens
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Figure 3
Prescribed points of impact for uniformly toughened glass panes
Point 1
Point 1
Point 2 Point 1
The points shown in Figures 3(a), 3(b), and 3 (c) are examples of the sites for the points of impact
prescribed in Annex 5, paragraph 2.5.
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Annex 18
V1 68 mm -5 mm 665 mm
V2 68 mm -5 mm 589 mm
5 - 186 mm 28 mm 23 - 17 mm 5 mm
6 - 176 mm 27 mm 24 - 9 mm 2 mm
7 - 167 mm 27 mm 25 0 mm 0 mm
8 - 157 mm 26 mm 26 9 mm - 3 mm
9 - 147 mm 26 mm 27 17 mm - 5 mm
10 - 137 mm 25 mm 28 26 mm - 8 mm
11 - 128 mm 24 mm 29 34 mm - 11 mm
12 - 118 mm 23 mm 30 43 mm - 14 mm
13 - 109 mm 22 mm 31 51 mm - 17 mm
14 - 99 mm 21 mm 32 59 mm - 21 mm
15 - 90 mm 20 mm 33 67 mm - 24 mm
16 - 81 mm 18 mm 34 76 mm - 28 mm
17 - 71 mm 17 mm 35 84 mm - 31 mm
18 - 62 mm 15 mm 36 92 mm - 35 mm
19 - 53 mm 13 mm 37 100 mm - 39 mm
20 - 44 mm 11 mm 38 107 mm - 43 mm
21 - 35 mm 9 mm 39 115 mm - 47 mm
22 - 26 mm 7 mm 40 123 mm - 52 mm
2. Test areas
2.1. Two test areas shall be determined from the "V" points.
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2.2. "Test area A" is the area of the outer surface of the windscreen bounded by
the intersection of the following four planes (see Figure 1a and 1b):
(a) A plane inclined upwards from the X axis at 3°, passing through V1,
and parallel to the Y axis (plane 1);
(b) A plane inclined downwards from the X axis at 1°, passing through
V2, and parallel to the Y axis (plane 2);
(c) A vertical plane passing through V1 and V2 and inclined at 13° to the
left of the X axis in the case of left-hand drive vehicles and to the right
of the X axis in the case of right-hand drive vehicles (plane 3);
(d) A vertical plane passing through V1 and V2 and inclined at 20° to the
right of the X axis in the case of left-hand drive vehicles, to the left of
the X axis in the case of right-hand drive vehicles (plane 4);
(e) In case of a single central driving position, two planes upwards and
downwards as defined in paragraphs 2.2. (a) and (b) above and two
vertical plane passing through V1 and V2 and inclined at 15° to the
left of the X axis (plane 3) and 15° to the right of the X axis (plane 4)
(see Figure 1b).
2.3. "Test area B" is the area of the outer surface of the windscreen bounded by
the intersection of the following four planes:
(a) A plane inclined upwards from the X axis at 7°, passing through V 1,
and parallel to the Y axis (plane 5);
(b) A plane inclined downwards from the X axis at 5°, passing through
V2, and parallel to the Y axis (plane 6);
(c) A vertical plane passing through V1 and V2 and inclined at 17° to the
left of the X axis in the case of left-hand drive vehicles and to the right
of the X axis in the case of right-hand drive vehicles (plane 7);
(d) A plane symmetrical with respect to plane 7 in relation to the
longitudinal median plane of the vehicle (plane 8).
2.4. The "reduced test area B" is test area B with the exclusion of the following
areas1 (see Figures 2 and 3).
2.4.1. The test area A defined under paragraph 2.2., extended according to
paragraph 9.2.2.1. of Annex 3;
2.4.2. At the discretion of the vehicle manufacturer, one of the two following
paragraphs may apply:
2.4.2.1. Any opaque obscuration bounded downwards by plane 1 and laterally by
plane 4 and its symmetrical in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the
vehicle (plane 4');
2.4.2.2. Any opaque obscuration bounded downwards by plane 1 provided it is
inscribed in an area 300 mm wide centred on the longitudinal median plane
of the vehicle and provided the opaque obscuration below the plane 5 trace is
1
But taking into account the fact that the datum points as defined under paragraph 2.5. shall be located
in the transparent area.
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2
Measured on the outer surface of the windscreen and on the trace of plane 1.
3
For the other side of the windscreen, with a symmetrical plane with respect to plane 3 in relation to
the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.
4
For the other side of the windscreen, with plane 8.
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Figure 1a
Test area "A" (example of a left-hand steering control vehicle)
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Figure 1b
Test area "A" (example of Central Driving Position)
CL
P4
P1 P3
V1
P2 V2
CL
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Figure 2a
Reduced test area "B" (example of a left-hand steering control vehicle) - upper obscuration area as
defined in paragraph 2.4.2.2.
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Figure 2b
Reduced test area "B" (example of a left-hand steering control vehicle) - upper obscuration area as
defined in paragraph 2.4.2.1.
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Figure 3
Determination of the datum points (example of a left-hand steering control vehicle)
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Annex 19
Annex 19
1
The procedure is described in Annex 1 and its appendices to the Consolidated Resolution on the
Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3) (document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.2, available at:
www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html)
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Annex 20
Annex 20
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Annex 20
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Annex 20
Treated laminated-glass
Toughened-glass windscreens Toughened-glass panes windscreens
Ps 200: one break per Pr 500: one per shift 0.1 per cent per type
production run
Ps > 200: one break every Pr > 500 : two per shift
four hours of production
3.1.1.5. A check shall be carried out at the end of the production run on one of the last
glazing manufactured.
3.1.1.6. For Pr < 20, only one fragmentation test per production run shall be carried
out.
3.1.2. Results
All results shall be recorded, including the results without permanent
recording of the fragmentation pattern.
In addition, a test with permanent recording of the fragmentation pattern shall
be made once per shift, except for Pr ≤ 500. In this last case only one test
with permanent recording of the fragmentation pattern shall be made per
production run.
3.2. Headform test
3.2.1. Tests
The check shall be carried out on test pieces corresponding to at least 0.5 per
cent of the daily production of laminated-glass windscreens of one
production line. A maximum of 15 windscreens per day shall be tested.
The choice of test pieces shall be representative of the production of the
various types of windscreen.
As an alternative and with the agreement of the administrative service, these
tests may be replaced by the 2,260 g ball test (see paragraph 3.3. below).
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Behaviour under head impact shall in any event be checked on at least two
samples for each thickness class per year.
3.2.2. Results
All results shall be recorded.
3.3. 2,260 g ball-impact test
3.3.1. Tests
The minimum frequency for the check shall be one complete test per month
for each thickness class.
3.3.2. Results
All results shall be recorded.
3.4. 227 g ball-impact test
3.4.1. Tests
The test pieces shall be cut from finished parts. However, for practical
reasons, the tests may be carried out on finished products of parts of them.
The check shall be carried out on a sampling corresponding to at least 0.5 per
cent of the production of one shift with a maximum of ten samples per day.
3.4.2. Results
All results shall be recorded.
3.5. Test of resistance to high temperature
3.5.1. Tests
The test pieces shall be cut from finished parts. However, for practical
reasons, the tests may be carried out on finished products or parts of them.
These shall be selected so that all interlayers are tested proportionately to
their use.
The check shall be carried out on at least three samples per colour of
interlayer taken from the daily production.
3.5.2. Results
All results shall be recorded.
3.6. Light transmission
3.6.1. Tests
Representative samples of tinted finished products shall be subjected to this
test.
The check shall be carried out at least at the beginning of every production
run if there is any change in the characteristics of the glazing affecting the
results of the test.
Windscreens and panes having a regular light transmittance measured during
type approval of not less than 75 per cent, and glass glazing whose symbol is
V (see paragraph 5.5.2. of this Regulation), shall be exempted from this test.
Alternatively, for toughened-glass, a certificate of compliance with the above
requirements may be submitted by the glass supplier.
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3.6.2. Results
The value of regular light transmission shall be recorded. In addition, for
windscreens with opaque obscuration, it shall be verified from the drawings
referred to in paragraph 3.2.1.2.2.4. of this Regulation, that such bands are
outside the test area B or zone I according to the category of vehicle for
which the windscreen is intended. Any opaque obscuration shall be in
conformity with the provisions contained in Annex 18.
3.7. Optical distortion and separation of secondary image
3.7.1. Tests
Every windscreen shall be inspected for visual defects. In addition, using the
methods specified in this Regulation or any method giving similar results,
measurements shall be made in the various areas of vision at the following
minimum frequencies:
Either where Ps 200, one sample per shift,
Or, where Ps > 200, two samples per shift,
Or 1 per cent of the whole production, the test pieces chosen being
representative of all production.
3.7.2. Results
All results shall be recorded.
3.8. Test of resistance to abrasion
3.8.1. Tests
Plastics-surfaced, glass-plastics and plastic glazing only shall be submitted to
this test. There shall be at least one check per month and per type of plastic
material surfacing or plastic material.
3.8.2. Results
The measurement of the light scatter shall be recorded.
3.9. Resistance-to-humidity test
3.9.1. Tests
Plastics-surfaced and glass-plastics glazing only shall be submitted to this
test. There shall be at least one check per month and per type of plastic
material surfacing or plastic material.
3.9.2. Results
All results shall be recorded.
3.10. Test of resistance to chemicals
3.10.1. Tests
Plastics-surfaced, glass-plastics and plastic glazing only shall be submitted to
this test. There shall be at least one check per month and per type of plastic
material surfacing or plastic material.
3.10.2. Results
All results shall be recorded.
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Annex 21
Annex 21
1
As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3)
(TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev. 2, para. 2).
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4.1.3. The windscreen shall be correctly fitted with reference to the vehicle driver's
"R" point.
4.1.4. Vehicles having a maximum design speed greater than 40 km/h may not be
fitted with a toughened windscreen.
4.2. Safety glazing other than windscreens and partition glazing
4.2.1. Safety glazing requisite for the driver's forwards field of vision
4.2.1.1. The safety glazing through which the driver's forwards field of vision as
defined in paragraph 2.23.1. of this Regulation is obtained, shall have a
regular light transmittance of at least 70 per cent.
4.2.1.2. Plastic safety glazing shall bear an additional symbol /B/L, as defined in
paragraphs 5.5.5. and 5.5.7. of this Regulation.
4.2.2. Safety glazing requisite for the driver's rearward vision
4.2.2.1. The safety glazing defined in paragraph 2.23.2. of this Regulation shall have
a light transmittance of at least 70 per cent, but where two exterior rear view
mirrors are fitted, the glazing is allowed to have a light transmittance below
70 per cent, provided that it shall bear the additional symbol V specified in
paragraph 5.5.2. of this Regulation.
4.2.2.2. Plastic safety glazing shall bear an additional symbol A/L or B/L, as defined
in paragraphs 5.5.5. and 5.5.7. of this Regulation.
As an alternative, the rear glazing in the folding roof of a convertible vehicle
may bear the additional symbol /B/M.
The rear glazing in the folding roof of a convertible vehicle may be made of a
flexible plastic pane.
4.2.3. Other safety glazing
4.2.3.1. The safety glazing not covered by the definitions of paragraphs 2.18.1. and
2.18.2. of this Regulation shall bear the additional symbol V specified in
paragraph 5.5.2. of this Regulation, if the light transmittance is below 70 per
cent.
4.2.3.2. Plastic safety glazings shall bear one of the additional symbols defined in
paragraphs 5.5.5., 5.5.6., and 5.5.7. of this Regulation. However, when the
vehicle is intended for conveying passengers, glazings with the additional
symbols /C/L or /C/M are not allowed at locations where there is a risk of
head impact.
4.2.4. Exemptions
In the case of plastic safety glazings, the provisions related to abrasion
resistance as referred in paragraphs 4.2.2.2. and 4.2.3.2. of this annex do not
apply for the vehicles and glazing locations listed below:
(a) Ambulances
(b) Hearses
(c) Trailers, including caravans
(d) Sunroofs and glazings located in the roof of a vehicle
(e) All glazings of the upper deck of a double-deck vehicle
No abrasion test/symbol is required.
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2.8.3. The abrasion test in accordance with the requirements of Annex 14,
paragraph 6.1.
2.8.4. Cross-cut test in accordance with the requirements of Annex 14,
paragraph 6.3.
NB: The above test of paragraph 2.8.2. only applies if the glazing is to be
used in a location requisite for driving visibility.
The above test of paragraph 2.8.4. will be carried out on samples that have
not been subjected to test in accordance with paragraph 6.2. of Annex 14.
2.8.5. Test of resistance to chemicals in accordance with the requirements of
Annex 3, paragraph 11.2.1.
2.9. Flexible plastic glazing other than windscreens
2.9.1. 227 g ball drop test in accordance with the requirements of Annex 15,
paragraph 4.
2.9.2. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements of
Annex 3, paragraph 9.1.
NB: The above test of paragraph 2.9.2. only applies if the glazing is to be
used in a location requisite for driving visibility.
2.9.3. Test of resistance to chemicals in accordance with the requirements of
Annex 3, paragraph 11.2.1.
2.10. Rigid plastic double glazed units
2.10.1. 227 g ball drop test in accordance with the requirements of Annex 16,
paragraph 5.
2.10.2. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements of
Annex 3, paragraph 9.1.
NB: The above test of paragraph 2.10.2. only applies if the glazing is to be
used in a location requisite for driving visibility.
2.10.3. Test of resistance to chemicals in accordance with the requirements of
Annex 3, paragraph 11.2.1."
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Annex 6,
Paragraph 3.2.2.2., correct to read:
"3.2.2.2. … shall be 1.5 m +0/-5 mm."
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Secondary characteristics:
Nature of the material (plate, float, sheet glass): .....................................................................
Colouring of glass (colourless/tinted): ....................................................................................
Colouring of plastics coating(s): .............................................................................................
Colouring of interlayer (total/partial): .....................................................................................
Conductors incorporated (Yes/No): ........................................................................................
Opaque obscuration incorporated (Yes/No): ...........................................................................
…"
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Annex 3,
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Through the whole text of the Regulation, replace the words "double glazing" by "multiple
glazing".
Through the whole text of the Regulation, replace the words "double-glazed unit" by
"multiple-glazed unit".
Paragraphs 2.8. to 2.8.2., amend to read:
"2.8. "Multiple-glazed unit" means an assembly of at least two parallel panes
permanently assembled in manufacture and separated by one or more gap(s).
2.8.1. "Symmetrical multiple-glazed unit" means a multiple-glazed unit where all
component panes are identical (e.g. all uniform toughened glass).
2.8.2. "Asymmetrical multiple-glazed unit" means a multiple-glazed unit other than
a symmetrical multiple-glazed unit."
Annex 1,
Appendix 7, amend to read:
"Annex 1 - Appendix 7
Multiple glazed units
…
Principal characteristics:
Composition of multiple-glazed units (symmetrical/asymmetrical): ......................................
Nominal thickness of the gap(s): .............................................................................................
…
Documents attached:
One form for all panes of a symmetrical multiple–glazed unit in accordance with the annex
under which the panes have been tested or approved.
One form for each different pane of an asymmetrical multiple–glazed unit in accordance
with the annexes under which these panes have been tested or approved.
…"
Annex 12,
The title, amend to read:
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2
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"1. Scope
This Regulation applies to:
(a) Safety glazing materials intended for installation as windscreens or
other panes, or as partitioning, on vehicles of category L with
bodywork, M, N, O, and T;1
(b) Vehicles of categories M, N and O with regard to the installation of
these materials;
In both cases, to the exclusion of:
(i) Glazing for lighting and light-signalling devices, instrument panels,
special bullet-proof glazing and double-windows;
(ii) Small plastic glazing that is not required for either the driver's forward
or rearward field of vision.
_________
1
As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3.), document
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.3, para. 2 -
www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html"
Insert new paragraphs 2.14. and 2.15., to read:
"2.14. "Exterior forward-facing glazing" means any glazing other than a windscreen
installed in the front of the vehicle body, representing a part of the vehicle
exterior.
2.15. "Interior glazing" means any glazing installed in a vehicle passenger
compartment (e.g. partitions, separating windows, etc.)."
Paragraphs 2.14. to 2.36. (former), renumber as paragraphs 2.16. to 2.38., and amend
references to these paragraphs accordingly.
Insert a new paragraph 2.39., to read:
2.39. "Small glazing" is a pane having an area of less than 200 cm² and within
which it is not possible to inscribe a circle having a diameter of 150 mm."
Paragraphs 5.5. to 5.5.10., amend to read:
"5.5. The following additional symbols shall be affixed near the above approval
mark:
5.5.1. In the case of a windscreen:
I for toughened glass,
II for ordinary laminated glass,
III for treated laminated glass,
IV for glass-plastics glazing,
5.5.2. V in the case of safety glazing having a regular light transmittance less
than 70 per cent,
5.5.3. VI in the case of multiple-glazed unit,
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5.5.4. VII in the case of uniformly-toughened glass glazing which can be used as
windscreens for slow-moving vehicles which, by construction, cannot
exceed 40 km/h.
5.5.5. VIII In the case of rigid plastic glazing. In addition the appropriate
application will be signified by:
/A for exterior or interior forward facing panes,
/B for other panes where there is a risk of head impact,
/C for other panes where there is no risk of head impact.
In addition, for plastic glazing which has been submitted to the abrasion
resistance tests described in Annex 3, paragraph 4., the following markings
shall also be applied as appropriate:
/L for glazing according to Annexes 14 and 16, paragraph 6.1.3.1.,
/M for glazing according to Annexes 14 and 16, paragraph 6.1.3.2.,
5.5.6. IX in the case of flexible-plastic glazing,
5.5.7. X in the case of a rigid plastic multiple-glazed unit. In addition, the
appropriate application will be signified by:
/A for exterior or interior forward facing panes,
/B for other panes where there is a risk of head impact,
/C for other panes where there is no risk of head impact.
For plastic glazing which has been submitted to the abrasion resistance test
described in Annex 3, paragraph 4., the following markings shall also be
applied as appropriate:
/L for glazing according to Annex 16, paragraph 6.1.3.1.,
/M for glazing according to Annex 16, paragraph 6.1.3.2.,
5.5.8. XI in the case of a laminated-glass panes,
5.5.9. XII in the case of glass-plastic panes,
5.5.10. /P in the case of a safety glazing made of glass, with a layer of plastics
material on its inner face."
Annex 3,
Paragraph 5.1., amend to read:
"5.1. Procedure
Heat to 100 °C + 0 °C / -2 °C three samples or three square test pieces …
specified period of time, care being taken to avoid undue thermal shock. The
test shall be carried out in an oven if the boiling water temperature is outside
the specified tolerance. If samples are cut from windscreens, one edge of
each such sample shall be part of an edge of the windscreen."
Annex 14,
Paragraph 4.3.4., amend to read:
"4.3.4. For glazing which do not have contact possibilities, as well as for small
glazing and for all windows in trailers (classification VIII/C), there will be no
headform testing."
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Annex 16,
Paragraph 4.3.4., amend to read:
"4.3.4. For glazing which do not have contact possibilities, as well as for small
glazing and for all windows in trailer caravans there will be no headform
testing."
Annex 21, amend to read:
_________
1
As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3.), document
ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.3, para. 2 -
www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html
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4.1.5. Plastic safety windscreens shall bear an additional symbol /A/L as defined in
paragraphs 5.5.5. and 5.5.7. of this Regulation.
4.2. Safety glazing other than windscreens.
4.2.1. Safety glazing requisite for the driver's forwards field of vision
4.2.1.1. The safety glazing through which the driver's forwards field of vision as
defined in paragraph 2.25.1. of this Regulation is obtained, shall have a
regular light transmittance of at least 70 per cent.
4.2.1.2. Plastic safety glazing shall bear an additional symbol /B/L or /C/L, as defined
in paragraphs 5.5.5. and 5.5.7. of this Regulation.
4.2.2. Safety glazing requisite for the driver's rearward vision
4.2.2.1. The safety glazing defined in paragraph 2.25.2 of this Regulation shall have a
light transmittance of at least 70 per cent, but where two exterior rear view
mirrors are fitted, the glazing is allowed to have a light transmittance below
70 per cent, provided that it shall bear the additional symbol V specified in
paragraph 5.5.2. of this Regulation.
4.2.2.2. Plastic safety glazing shall bear an additional symbol /A/L, /A/M, /B/L,
/B/M, /C/L or /C/M, as defined in paragraphs 5.5.5. and 5.5.7. of this
Regulation. However, a Class M plastic safety glazing is allowed only in the
case where the vehicle is fitted with two exterior rear-view mirrors.
The rear glazing in the folding roof of a convertible vehicle may be made of a
flexible plastic pane.
4.2.3. Other safety glazing, exterior forward-facing glazing and interior glazing.
4.2.3.1. The safety glazing not covered by the definitions of paragraphs 2.25.1. and
2.25.2. of this Regulation, the exterior-forward facing glazing and interior
glazing shall bear the additional symbol V specified in paragraph 5.5.2. of
this Regulation, if the light transmittance is below 70 per cent.
4.2.3.2. Plastic safety panes shall bear one of the additional symbols /A/L, /A/M,
/B/L, /B/M, /C/L or /C/M defined in paragraphs 5.5.5. and 5.5.7. of this
Regulation. However, when the vehicle is intended for conveying passengers,
panes with the additional symbols /C/L or /C/M are not allowed at locations
where there is a risk of head impact.
4.3. Particular requirements for upper deck of a double-deck vehicle
4.3.1. The front exterior forward-facing glazing of the upper deck of a double-deck
vehicle shall be constituted either by laminated glass or a plastic pane bearing
the additional symbol /A, as defined in paragraphs 5.5.5. and 5.5.7. of this
Regulation.
4.3.2. Paragraph 4.3.1. is not applicable to vehicles having a maximum design
speed lower than 40 km/h. However, the requirement on plastic panes
classified /A is mandatory."
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Contents,
Insert new Annexes 17, 18 and 19, to read:
"17 Rigid plastic windscreens
18 Laminated rigid plastic panes
19 Laminated rigid plastic windscreens"
Annexes 17 to 21 (former), renumber as Annexes 20 to 24
The text of the Regulation,
Insert new paragraphs 2.6.3. and 2.6.4., to read:
"2.6.3. "Laminated – rigid plastic pane" means a plastic pane consisting of two or
more layers of plastic held together by one or more interlayers of plastic
material.
2.6.4. "Laminated – rigid plastic windscreen" means a plastic windscreen consisting
of two or more layers of plastic held together by one or more interlayers of
plastic material."
Paragraph 2.18., replace the reference to "Annex 17" by "Annex 20".
Paragraph 2.19., amend to read:
"2.19. "Type of safety glazing material" means a glazing as defined in paragraphs
2.1. to 2.7. not exhibiting any essential differences, with respect, in particular,
to the principal and secondary characteristics defined in Annexes 4 to 12 and
14 to 19;"
Paragraph 2.26., replace the reference to "Annex 18" by "Annex 21".
Paragraph 5.2., amend to read:
"5.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type as defined in Annexes 5,
7, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 18 or, in the case of windscreens, to each group …"
Paragraph 5.5.5., amend to read in /L and /M:
"5.5.5. VIII in the case …
…
/L For panes with a light scatter not exceeding 2 per cent after
1,000 cycles on the outer surface and 4 per cent after 100
cycles on the inner surface (see Annexes 14, 16 and 18,
paragraph 6.1.3.1.).
/M For panes with a light scatter not exceeding 10 per cent after
500 cycles on the outer surface and 4 per cent after 100 cycles
on the inner surface (see Annexes 14, 16 and 18, paragraph
6.1.3.2.)."
Insert new paragraphs 5.5.11. to 5.5.13., to read:
"5.5.11. XIII in the case of rigid plastic windscreens.
5.5.12. XIV in the case of laminated rigid plastic panes with the signification as
described in paragraph 5.5.5.
5.5.13. XV in the case of laminated rigid plastic windscreen."
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Flexibility A3/12 A3/12 A3/12 A3/12 A3/12 A3/12 A3/12 A3/12 A3/12
227 g ball A17/5 A19/5.2 A14/5 A14/5 A18/5 A18/5 A16/5 A16/5 A15/4
2,260g ball - A19/5.1
Headform 1 A17/4 A19/4 A14/4 - A18/4 - A16/4 - -
Light A3/9.1 A3/9.1 A3/9.1 - A3/9.1 - A3/9.1 - A3/9.1
transmission 2
Optical A3/9.2 A3/9.2 - - - - - - -
distortion
Secondary A3/9.3 A3/9.3 - - - - - - -
image
Fire resistance A3/10 A3/10 A3/10 A3/10 A3/10 A3/10 A3/10 A3/10 A3/10
Chemical A3/11 A3/11 A3/11. A3/11 A3/11 A3/11 A3/11 A3/11 A3/11.2.1
resistance
Abrasion 3 A17/6.1 A19/6.1 A14/6.1 - A18/6.1 - A16/6.1 - A16/6.1
Weathering A3/6.4 A3/6.4 A3/6.4 A3/6.4 A3/6.4 A3/6.4 A3/6.4 A3/6.4 A3/6.4
Humidity A17/6.4 A19/6.4 A14/6.4 A14/6.4 A18/6.4 A18/6.4 A16/6.4 A16/6.4 -
2
Cross-cut A3/13 A3/13 A3/13 - A3/13 - A3/13 - -
High - A3/5 - - A3/5 - - - -
temperature
Radiation - A3/6 - - A3/6 - - - -
resistance
Resistance to - A3/8 - - - - - - -
temperature
changes
1
Test requirements are dependent on the location of the glazing within the vehicle.
2
Applies only if the glazing is to be used in a location requisite for driving visibility.
3
Either Taber test or the set of sand drop, carwash and wiper test. "
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"Annex 1 – Appendix 10
Annex 1 – Appendix 11
Laminated rigid plastic panes
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex 18 to Regulation No. 43)
Approval No. …………………………… Extension No. ………………………….
Principal characteristics:
Number of layers of plastic .....................................................................................................
Number of layers of interlayer ................................................................................................
Nominal thickness ...................................................................................................................
Nominal thickness of interlayer (s............................................................................................
Nature and type of interlayer (s) ..............................................................................................
Special treatment of plastic .....................................................................................................
Colouring of plastic product ....................................................................................................
Chemical designation of single sheet material ........................................................................
Classification of the material ...................................................................................................
Process of manufacture ...........................................................................................................
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Annex 1 – Appendix 12
Laminated rigid plastic windscreens
(Principal and secondary characteristics as defined in Annex 19 to Regulation No. 43)
Approval No. …………………………… Extension No. ………………………….
Principal characteristics:
Number of layers of plastic .....................................................................................................
Number of layers of interlayer ................................................................................................
Nominal thickness ...................................................................................................................
Nominal thickness of interlayer (s............................................................................................
Nature and type of interlayer (s) ..............................................................................................
Special treatment of plastic .....................................................................................................
Colouring of plastic product ....................................................................................................
Chemical designation of single sheet material ........................................................................
Classification of the material ...................................................................................................
Process of manufacture ...........................................................................................................
Shape and dimensions .............................................................................................................
Nature of the surface coating ...................................................................................................
Secondary characteristics:
Colouring of interlayer (total/partial) .......................................................................................
Conductors incorporated (yes/no ..............................................................................................
Opaque obscuration incorporated (yes/no) ..............................................................................
Remarks
Documents attached: list of windscreens (see Appendix 13)."
Appendix 10 (former), renumber as "Appendix 13" and amend to read:
"For each of the windscreens covered …
…
R-point coordinates (A, B, C) relative to the center of the upper edge of the
windscreen.
Description of the commercially available specific device mentioned in Annex 3,
paragraph 4.9.2. (if applicable)
…"
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Annex 2,
Add at the end of the annex the following new paragraphs:
"Rigid plastic windscreens
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a rigid plastic windscreen shows that the
component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation
No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the approval was
granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as amended by the 01
series of amendments.
Laminated rigid plastic panes
a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a laminated rigid plastic glazing pane for
forward facing panels with a light scatter not exceeding 2 per cent after 1,000 cycles (in
case of Taber test) on the outer surface and 4 per cent after 100 cycles on the inner surface
shows that the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant
to Regulation No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the
approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as
amended by the 01 series of amendments.
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a = 8 mm minimum
The above approval mark affixed to a laminated rigid plastic windscreen shows that
the component concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to
Regulation No. 43 under approval No. 012439. The approval number indicates that the
approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 43, as
amended by the 01 series of amendments."
Annex 3,
Insert a new paragraph 4.7. (including a new Figure 6), to read:
"4.7. Sand drop test
4.7.1. Apparatus
The sand drop test equipment shall consist essentially of that illustrated in
Figure 6. The gravity tube consists of three separate rigid polyvinylchloride
tubes (PVC hard) of the same diameter, with two polyamide sieves mounted
in between. The sieves should have a mesh size of 1.6 mm. The speed of the
turntable shall be 250 ± 10 rev/min.
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Figure 6
Sand drop equipment
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Figure 7
Movement pattern of washing brush and nozzle
Key
1 Brush
2 Spray nozzle
3 Test panel holder
4 Spray jet (horizontal middle of the jet strikes brush 50 mm above table directly in the
brush)
a Penetration depth
Dimensions in mm
4.8.2. Spray suspension
Prepare a suspension consisting of (1.5 ± 0.05 g) of silica powder (silica
micro-powder having a mean particle size of 24 μm) per litre of tap water in a
container, stirring vigorously. The water temperature shall be between 15 °C
and 30 °C. The suspension shall be stirred continuously during the test
procedure in such a way that the silica powder does not settle on the bottom
of the container.
4.8.3. Test samples
The size of the samples shall be 50 mm x 100 mm.
Prior to testing the samples shall be conditioned for at least 48 hours at an
ambient temperature (23 °C ± 2 °C) and an ambient relative humidity (50 per
cent ± 5 per cent).
4.8.4. Procedure
4.8.4.1. Prearrangements
4.8.4.1.1. The abrasion test shall be carried out at room temperature and only on the
outside surface of the plastic safety glazing material.
4.8.4.1.2. Check the state of the polyethylene brushes as described in paragraph 4.8.1.1.
of this annex and replace them if they have reached 30 operating hours in
total.
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Dimensions in mm
Figure 9
View A of spray pattern
Key:
1 Sheet of cardboard
2 Spray pattern
Dimensions in mm
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Furthermore perform a trial run without a test panel, carrying out 10 washing
operations (10 double passes), to distribute the suspension evenly in the
apparatus.
Determine the initial haze of the sample as in Annex 3, paragraph 4.4.3. of
this Regulation.
4.8.4.2. Test
4.8.4.2.1. Affix the samples with the outside surface face up onto a supporting plate by
using a double-faced adhesive tape (Sample positioning on the test holder as
shown in Figure 10).
Figure 10
Description of sample positioning on the test panel holder
Key:
1 Test panel holder movement
2 Supporting plate 150 mm x 300 mm
3 Available positions for the samples (50 mm x 100 mm) within the test area
4 Example for positioning the three different sample types in the test area
5 No sample in this area (at least 50 mm at the start and finish of the test panel holder
and at least 30 mm edgewise to the direction of travel of the test panel holder)
4.8.4.2.2. An area of at least 50 mm at the start and finish of the test panel holder and of
at least 30 mm edgewise to the direction of travel of the test panel holder may
not be used as testing area for the test specimen.
4.8.4.2.3. Carry out 10 washing operations (10 double passes) using the to-and-fro
pattern of movement. Rinse the washed test samples after removing the
adhesive tape with cold water, and then clean it with a suitable solvent, e.g.
Isopropyl alcohol (IPA), using soft, non-scratching paper tissues and wiping
in the direction of the scratches. Finally, leave for 30 minutes to dry off. In
case of any inhomogeneous surface appearance of the sample repeat this
cleaning process to ensure complete removal of any residue.
4.8.4.2.4. After drying, take the final readings of haze, as described in Annex 3,
paragraph 4.4.3. of this Regulation, of the test specimens across the direction
of scratching.
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1
Suitable apparatus are so called scrub resistance tester according to ISO 11998 (wiper carriage
assembly according to DIN 53 778).
2
For a design drawing see Appendix 1.
3
For a design drawing see Appendix 2.
4
The hole shall be in the middle of the bottom plate, slightly larger than the sample dimension of 150
mm to 100 mm has a depth of 10 mm (correlates to thickness of the bottom plate and defines the
maximum test sample thickness (10 mm)). Alternatively the box only consists of four walls and does
not have a bottom while the test samples are larger and pressed from below against the four walls of
the sample box with a good sealing in between.
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4.9.1.5. Different spacer plaques (see 7 in Figure 11) (e.g. made out of the sample box
material) in the dimension of the sample but with different thicknesses used
to compensate different test sample thicknesses (it is necessary that the
bottom surface of the sample box and the sample surface to be tested are on
the same height); furthermore care has to be taken to avoid scratching the test
sample placed on top of the spacer (e.g. by placing a ultrathin soft film on the
surface of the spacer),
4.9.1.6. A stainless steel tray (see 11 in Figures 11 and 12),
4.9.1.7. A wipe cycle counter.
Figure 11
Cross-section view of the apparatus
Key
1 Wiper carriage assembly moving back and forth
2 Self-supporting arm
3 Wiper blade holder
4 Wiper blade
5 Sample box working as test sample holder and as container for the aqueous
suspension
6 Test sample
7 Spacer plaque (with a soft masking film on the surface to avoid scratching the
sample placed on top of it) to adjust height of the sample to the level of the bottom
surface of the sample box
8 Adhesive tape to fix sample and to seal the gap between sample and its box
9 Aqueous suspension filled into the box
10 Adhesive tape5 to fix the sample box onto the stainless steel tray
11 Stainless steel tray
5
e.g. a suitable one is Tesa 4668.
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Figure 12
Bird's-eye view of the apparatus
6
A suitable wiper blade can be e.g. Bosch "H-Stoff P6.3" with a cross profile as shown in Figure 13,
or its successor "H-Stoff P32" or equivalent. A complete description of the blade, including its
hardness value, its mechanical properties and the composition and thickness of its coating shall be
added to the test report.
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Figure 13
Cross profile of the chloroprene type rubber blade
Key
1 Wiper blade lip (5 mm long)
2 Wiper blade hinge (0.5 mm width)
3 Wiper blade heel (5 mm long and used to fix the wiper blade to the wiper blade
holder)
4 Total length of the wiper blade 11 mm
5 Total width of the wiper blade 9 mm
6 Groove used to fix the wiper blade to the wiper blade holder (parts below the arrow
are outside the wiper blade holder and parts above are within the guide rail of the
wiper blade holder)
7 Wiper blade extremity (0.6 mm width)
4.9.3. Sample
The size of the absolutely flat test samples shall be 150 mm x 100 mm
(slightly larger than the wipe area of 130 mm stroke length and 80 mm wiper
blade length). The thickness of the test sample shall correspond to the
thickness of the rigid plastic glazing part.
4.9.4. Aqueous suspension
The aqueous suspension shall contain:
(a) 195 ± 1 g water (with a hardness of less than 205 mg/l after
evaporation) (97.5 wt.-per cent)
(b) 5 ± 0.2 g so called ISO test dust A4 (according to ISO 12103-1)7
(2.5 wt.-per cent)
(c) And shall be freshly prepared at room temperature and stirred before
use. This amount of aqueous suspension is sufficient for testing one
sample and leads to a filling level of around 10 mm in the sample box.
A new aqueous suspension shall be used for every test.
7
A suitable method (e.g. shaking the storage vessel) shall be used to homogenize the test dust and
ensure that the 5 ± 0.2 g sample has the same type and size distribution than the whole amount.
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4.9.5. Procedure
4.9.5.1. Sample pre-treatment
Before testing the samples shall be cleaned using a soft cloth soaked with iso-
propanol followed by deionized water and drying. After cleaning the samples
shall be conditioned for at least 24 hours at 23 °C ± 2 °C and (50 ± 5) per
cent relative humidity.
The initial haze value according to Annex 3, paragraph 4.4.3. of this
Regulation of the test sample is measured at 9 measurement points across the
sample (see 4 in Figure 16).
4.9.5.2. Test equipment pre-check
4.9.5.2.1. Before the equipment is used for testing samples the back and forth linear
motion of the pillars of the base apparatus shall be checked for being uniform
without any disturbance like getting stuck or starting to vibrate.
4.9.5.2.2. Build up the whole instrument including tray, wiper carriage assembly, wiper
blade holders and new wiper blades but without sample box and sample (see
Figure 14). To do so the two new wiper blades shall be mounted to their
respective wiper blade holders and the latter ones shall be fixed to the
carriage assembly. Then align using a spirit level the base plate where later
the sample box will be placed and the wiper carriage assembly. Check that
the distances of the two bearings of both self-supporting arms at the wiper
carriage assembly and at the wiper blade holder are identical. Furthermore
control visually that the wiper blade rest on the base plate uniformly without
losing contact to the base plate at any point of the wiper blade.
Figure 14
Equipment pre-check
Key
1 Wiper carriage assembly moving back and forth
2 Self-supporting arm
3 Wiper blade holder
4 Wiper blade
11 Stainless steel tray
Pre-check
A Align base plate with spirit level
B Align wiper carriage assembly with spirit level
C Check that the bearings of the self-supporting arms have all the same distance
D Control visually that the wiper blade touches the base plate uniformly
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4.9.5.2.3. After this pre-check the wiper carriage assemble with the wiper blade holder
and the wiper blade shall be removed from the base instrument to allow built
up of the sample boxes.
4.9.5.2.4. The test shall be carried out under the following conditions: ambient
temperature of 20 °C ± 5 °C, atmospheric pressure of 86 kPa to 106 kPa (860
mbar to 1,060 mbar), and relative humidity of (60 ± 20) per cent.
4.9.5.3. Abrasion procedure
4.9.5.3.1. With the instrument described above two samples shall be tested in parallel.
In case there is only one sample to be tested the second sample box needs to
be fitted with a dummy sample.8
4.9.5.3.2. The sample box shall be placed into the stainless steel tray and fixed using
adhesive tape on the two short sides of the box according to Figure B. It is
essential that the position of the box leads to a wiping area in exactly the
middle of the sample (see 2 in Figure 16). A spacer plaque adjusted to the
thickness of the test sample so that the test sample surface and the bottom
surface of the sample box are on the same height (no visible gap in height
between sample and bottom surface of the sample box) shall be placed into
the hole in the bottom of the sample box.
4.9.5.3.3. The sample shall be placed with the to be tested side facing up (representing
the outside surface of the plastic glazing part) into the sample holder of the
sample box onto the right spacer plaque (which has a soft masking film on its
surface to avoid scratching the test samples backside). An adhesive tape shall
be used all around the test sample to fix it into the holder and seal the space
between sample edge and sample box (to avoid suspension penetrating
underneath the sample). The tape shall be used in such a way that the overlay
between tape and sample is at maximum 10 mm or in other words in such a
way that the wiping area of the sample (see Figure 16) is free of any adhesive
tape.
4.9.5.3.4. After fixing the sample the carriage assembly including wiper holders and
blades from the pre-check shall be mounted to the pillars of the base
apparatus. Thereby, the wiper blades get into contact with their respective
samples. The correct load (15 ± 0.5 g/cm) of the wiper blade onto the sample
shall be checked using a spring balance.9 Ensure again that the whole
equipment (especially test sample, box, and carriage assembly inclusive
wiper holder and blade) is aligned by using a spirit level.
4.9.5.3.5. A freshly prepared suspension shall be filled into each sample box and then
the linear back and forth motion of the wiper blade shall be started.
4.9.5.3.6. In order to ensure a homogenous abrading it is necessary to follow the action
described below:
8
The dummy sample should have a surface characteristic adapted to the surface characteristic of the
wiper blade (e.g. both having a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface) to allow smooth wiping.
9
Spring balance force: 1,177 ± 39 mN since the wiper blade is 80 mm long; the weight of the wiper
blade holder including wiper blade and contributions of the cantilever arm (only ideally weightless) is
120 ± 4 g.
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4.9.5.3.6.1. After half of the test cycle numbers 10,000 cycles the test shall be stopped
and the two sample boxes shall be exchanged without turning them (see
Figure 15);10 this leads to an exchange for the two simultaneously tested
samples regarding their wiper blades and furthermore alters the alignment of
the self-supporting arm carrying the blade (from left to right or the other way
round).
Figure 15
Rearrangement of the sample boxes
10
Furthermore it is advisable to check if it is necessary to clean the wiper carriage assembly at that stage
by disassembling and rinsing with water.
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"Annex 3 - Appendix 1
view A
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Figure 2
Side view of the support plate (left side) and the clamping plate (right side)
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Figure 3
Details regarding the area A in figure 2
area A
Figure 4
3-D view of the wiper blade holder (after inserting the wiper blade into the support
plate, the clamping plate is attached and fixed using three screws)
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Annex 3 - Appendix 2
Design drawing from the sample box
Figure 1
Bird´s-eye view of the box (dimensions are in mm)
Figure 2
Cross cut view at A
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Figure 3
3-D view of the box
"
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Annex 4,
Paragraph 2.5., replace the reference to "Annex 17" by "Annex 20".
Annex 5,
Paragraphs 2.5. and 2.5.1., replace all the references to "Annex 17" by "Annex 20".
Annex 13,
Paragraph 6.1., replace the references to "Annexes 4, 6, 8, 9 and 10" by "Annexes 4, 6, 8,
9, 10, 17 and 19".
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"Annex 17
Rigid plastic windscreens
1. Definition of type
Rigid plastic windscreens shall be deemed to belong to different types if they
differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. Trade names or marks.
1.1.2. The chemical designation of the material.
1.1.3. The classification of the material by the manufacturer.
1.1.4. The process of manufacture.
1.1.5. The shape and dimensions.
Rigid plastic windscreens shall be deemed to belong to one group for the
purposes of tests of mechanical properties and of resistance to the
environment.
1.1.6. The nominal thickness. The thickness tolerance limit for extruded plastic
products is ±10 per cent of the nominal thickness. For plastic products
produced by other techniques (e.g. cast acrylic sheet), the acceptable
thickness tolerance is given by the equation (thickness tolerance limits (mm)
= ±(0.4 + 0.1 e) where e is the nominal thickness in millimetres. Reference
Standard is ISO 7823/1.
1.1.7. The colouring of the plastic product.
1.1.8. The nature of the surface coating.
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. The incorporation or otherwise of conductors.
1.2.2. The incorporation or otherwise of obscuration bands.
2. General
2.1. In the case of rigid plastic windscreens the tests shall be conducted either on
flat test pieces rigorously representative of the finished product or on finished
parts.
2.2. The test pieces shall be freed from protecting masking and have to be cleaned
carefully before the test.
2.2.1. They shall be stored for 48 hours at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a
relative humidity of 50 per cent ± 5 per cent.
3. Flexibility test
3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics. No secondary
characteristic is involved.
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6.4.3.1.2. The light transmittance measured according to Annex 3, paragraph 9.1. shall
not fall to less than 95 per cent of the pre-test value and additionally to no
less than 70 per cent, on any sample.
6.4.4. After testing the test pieces shall be stored for at least 48 hours at a
temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a relative humidity of 50 per cent ± 5 per
cent, and then subjected to the 227 g ball drop test, under ambient
temperature, described under paragraph 5.3. of this annex.
6.5. Fire resistance test
6.5.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 10 shall apply.
6.5.2. Interpretation of results
The fire-resistance test shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result
if the burning rate is less than 110 mm/min.
6.5.2.1. For the purpose of approval a set of samples will be considered satisfactory if
all samples give a satisfactory result.
6.6. Resistance to chemicals
6.6.1. Immersion test
6.6.1.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 11.2.1. shall apply.
6.6.1.2. Interpretation of results
A set of four samples for each chemical shall be tested; for each chemical,
one of these samples shall be cross-cut according to paragraph 13. of
Annex 3.
Three samples out of four, among which the cross-cut sample mentioned
above, shall give satisfactory results for each chemical.
6.6.2. Test under load
6.6.2.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 11.2.4. shall apply.
6.6.2.2. Interpretation of results
A set of four samples, not being the ones mentioned in paragraph 6.6.1.
above, for each chemical shall be tested.
Three samples out of four shall give satisfactory results for each chemical.
7. Optical qualities
The requirements concerning optical qualities set out in Annex 3,
paragraph 9. shall apply to every type of windscreen.
7.1. Interpretation of results
A set of 4 samples shall be considered as satisfactory if all samples give
satisfactory results.
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Annex 18
Laminated rigid plastic panes
1. Definition of type
Laminated rigid plastic panes shall be deemed to belong to different types if
they differ in at least one of the following principal or secondary
characteristics.
1.1. The principal characteristics are as follows:
1.1.1. Trade names or marks.
1.1.2. The chemical designation of the single sheet material.
1.1.3. The classification of the material by the manufacturer.
1.1.4. The process of manufacture.
1.1.5. The shape and dimensions.
1.1.6. The nominal thickness 'e' of the pane, a manufacturing tolerance of
± n • x mm being allowed ('n' being the number of layers of rigid plastic in
the pane and x is the manufacturing tolerance of the single rigid plastic sheets
in the pane, its value is depending on the process of manufacture and being
given in Annex 14, paragraph 1.1.6.).
1.1.7. The nominal thickness of the interlayer or interlayers.
1.1.8. The nature and type of the interlayer or interlayers, e.g. PVB or other
plastics-material interlayer or interlayers.
1.1.9. Any special treatment which one of the layers of plastic may have undergone.
1.1.10. The colouring of the plastic product.
1.1.11. The nature of the surface coating.
1.2. The secondary characteristics are as follows:
1.2.1. The colouring (total or partial) of the interlayer or interlayers (colourless or
tinted).
1.2.2. The incorporation or otherwise of opaque obscuration.
1.2.3. The presence or absence of conductors or heating elements.
2. General
2.1. In the case of rigid plastic panes the tests shall be conducted either on flat test
pieces rigorously representative of the finished product or on finished parts.
All optical measurements shall be carried out on real parts.
2.2. The test pieces shall be freed from protecting masking and have to be cleaned
carefully before the test.
2.2.1. They shall be stored for 48 hours at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a
relative humidity of 50 per cent ± 5 per cent.
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2.3. To describe the breaking behaviour under dynamical stress, classes will be
created depending on the application of the plastics. These classes are related
to contact probabilities of the human head with the plastic glazing and they
contain different requirements concerning the headform test.
3. Flexibility test
3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Number of test pieces
One flat test piece measuring 300 mm x 25 mm shall be subjected to testing.
3.3. Test method
3.3.1. The method used shall be that described in Annex 3, paragraph 12.
3.4. Interpretation of results
For a test piece or sample to be considered rigid the vertical deflection of the
test piece shall be less than or equal to 50 mm after 60 seconds.
4. Headform test
4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
4.2. Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces (1,170 mm x 570 mm +0/-2 mm) or six complete parts
shall be subjected to testing.
The table below shows the type of samples subject to testing, in accordance
with the dimensions of the glazing to be assessed.
Type of window Characteristic of window Dimensions of flat sample Alternative
11
Original part dimensions are too small for performing the test.
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As a result of the impact, cracks and fissures in the test piece shall however
be permitted.
5.4.2. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory
from the point of view of the 227 g ball test if eight or more separate tests
give a satisfactory result at the drop height.
5.4.3. The ambient temperature ball drop test shall be only performed after the
humidity test of paragraph 6.4.4. of this annex.
5.5. 227 g ball test at -18 °C ± 2 °C.
5.5.1. To minimize the temperature change of the test piece, the test shall be
performed within 30 seconds of the removal of the test piece from the
conditioning appliance.
5.5.2. The test method shall be that described in paragraph 5.3. of this annex, except
that the test temperature is -18 °C ± 2 °C.
5.5.3. Interpretation of results as in paragraph 5.4. of this annex.
6. Test of resistance to the environment
6.1. Test of resistance to abrasion
6.1.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 4. shall apply; the test is performed
for either 1,000, 500 or 100 cycles to measure abrasion of the surface of the
product.
6.1.2. Three flat square test pieces of 100 mm side for each type of surface shall be
subjected to testing.
6.1.3. Interpretation of results
6.1.3.1. In the case of glazing of class L, the Taber abrasion test shall be considered to
have given a satisfactory result if the increase of haze after abrasion does not
exceed 2 per cent after 1,000 cycles on the outer surface of the test sample
and 4 per cent after 100 cycles on the inner surface of the test sample.
6.1.3.2. In the case of glazing of class M, the Taber abrasion test shall be considered
to have given a satisfactory result if the increase of haze after abrasion does
not exceed 10 per cent after 500 cycles on the outer surface of the test sample
and 4 per cent after 100 cycles on the inner surface of the test sample.
6.1.3.3. In the case of glazing of Class L for the abrasion on the outer surface of the
test sample, either the Taber test or as an equivalent alternative the package
of Sand drop test, Car-wash test and Wiper test shall apply as described in
Annex 17, paragraphs 6.1.2., 6.1.3. and 6.1.4.
6.1.3.4. For sun roofs no abrasion test is required.
6.1.4. A set of samples for approval shall be considered satisfactory if all samples
meet the requirements
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6.6.3.1.1.1. Below 70 per cent in the case of glass panes other than windscreens which
are required to comply with the specifications regarding the driver's field of
view in all directions;
6.6. 3.1.2. The test piece or sample may however show a slight coloration after
irradiation when examined against a white background, but no other defect
may be apparent.
6.6.3.2. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for approval shall be considered
satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance-to-radiation test if one of
the following conditions is fulfilled:
6.6.3.2.1. All the tests give a satisfactory result.
7. Optical qualities
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 9.1. shall apply for products which
are requisite for driver visibility.
7.1. Interpretation of results
A set of 4 samples shall be considered as satisfactory if all samples give a
satisfactory result.
8. Fire resistance test
8.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 10. shall apply.
8.2. Interpretation of results
The fire-resistance test shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result
if the burning rate is less than 110 mm/min.
8.2.1. For the purpose of approval a set of samples will be considered satisfactory if
all samples give a satisfactory result.
9. Resistance to chemicals
9.1. Immersion test
9.1.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 11.2.1. shall apply.
9.1.2. Interpretation of results
A set of four samples for each chemical shall be tested; for each chemical, in
case of glazing of Class L, one of these samples shall be cross-cut according
to paragraph 13. of Annex 3.
Three samples out of four, among which the cross-cut sample mentioned
above when applicable, shall give satisfactory results for each chemical.
9.2. Test under load
9.2.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 11.2.4. shall apply.
9.2.2. Interpretation of results
A set of four samples, not being the ones mentioned in paragraph 6.6.1.
above, for each chemical shall be tested.
Three samples out of four shall give satisfactory results for each chemical.
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Annex 19
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2.2. The test pieces shall be freed from protecting masking and have to be cleaned
carefully before the test.
2.2.1. They shall be stored for 48 hours at a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and a
relative humidity of 50 per cent ± 5 per cent.
3. Flexibility test
3.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
3.2. Number of test pieces
One flat test piece measuring 300 mm x 25 mm shall be subjected to testing.
3.3. Test method
3.3.1. The method used shall be that described in Annex 3, paragraph 12.
3.4. Interpretation of results
For a test piece or sample to be considered rigid the vertical deflection of the
test piece shall be less than or equal to 50 mm after 60 seconds.
4. Headform test on a complete windscreen
4.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics
No secondary characteristic is involved.
4.2. Number of windscreens
Six complete windscreens from the smallest-developed-area series and six
complete windscreens from the largest-developed-area series selected in
accordance with the provisions of Annex 13, shall be tested.
4.3. Test method
4.3.1. The method used shall be that described in Annex 3, paragraph 3.2.
4.3.2. The drop height shall be 3 m. The HIC value is also to be measured.
4.4. Interpretation of results
The test shall be deemed to have given a satisfactory result if the following
conditions are fulfilled:
4.4.1. The sample is not penetrated nor shall it break into fully separate large
pieces.
4.4.2. The HIC value shall be less than 1,000.
4.4.3. A set of samples submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory from
the point of view of the headform test if all the tests give satisfactory results,
5. Mechanical strength test
5.1. 2,260 g ball test
5.1.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics:
No secondary characteristics is involved
5.1.2. Number of test pieces
Twelve square test pieces of 300 +10/-0 mm shall be subjected to testing.
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6.1.4.2. Three absolutely flat test samples of 150 mm x 100 mm shall be tested. The
test shall be carried out on the face corresponding to the outside of the
windscreen.
6.1.4.3. Interpretation of results
The safety glazing shall be considered satisfactory if the increase of haze as a
result of abrasion of the test piece does not exceed 2 per cent.
6.1.4.4. A set of samples for approval shall be considered satisfactory if all samples
meet the requirements.
6.2. Test of resistance to simulated weathering
6.2.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 6.4. shall apply. The total ultraviolet
radiant exposure with the long arc xenon lamp shall be 500 MJ/m2. During
irradiation the test pieces shall be exposed to water spray in continuous
cycles. During a cycle of 120 minutes the test pieces are exposed to light
without water spray for 102 minutes, and to light with water spray for 18
minutes.
6.2.1.1. Other methods giving equivalent results shall be allowed.
6.2.2. Number of test pieces
Three flat test pieces 130 mm x 40 mm cut from a flat sheet sample shall be
subjected to testing.
6.2.3. Interpretation of results
6.2.3.1. The resistance to the simulated weathering shall be considered to have given
a satisfactory result if:
6.2.3.1.1. The light transmittance measured in accordance with Annex 3, paragraph 9.1.
does not fall below 95 per cent of the pre-weathering value. Additionally, the
value shall not fall below 70 per cent.
6.2.3.1.2. No bubbles or other visible decompositions, discolourations, milkiness or
crazing shall occur during weathering.
6.2.4. A set of test pieces or samples submitted for approval shall be considered
satisfactory from the point of view of the resistance to simulated weathering
if all test pieces have given a satisfactory result.
6.3. Cross-cut test
6.3.1. Indices of difficulty and test method
The requirements of Annex 3, paragraph 13. shall apply only to coated rigid
products.
6.3.2. The cross-cut test shall be carried out on one of the test pieces from
paragraph 6.2.
6.3.3. Interpretation of results
6.3.3.1. The cross-cut test shall be considered to have given a satisfactory result if at
least the cross-cut value Gt1 is met.
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2.13.2. 2,260 g ball test in accordance with the requirements of Annex 19,
paragraph 5.1.
2.13.3. Test of resistance to abrasion in accordance with the requirements of
Annex 19, paragraph 6.1.
2.13.4. Test of resistance to chemicals in accordance with the requirements of
Annex 19, paragraph 6.6. and Annex 3, paragraph 11.
2.13.5. Light transmission measurement in accordance with the requirements of
Annex 3, paragraph 9.1.
2.13.6. Optical distortion test in accordance with the requirements of Annex 3,
paragraph 9.2.
2.13.7. Secondary image separation test in accordance with the requirements of
Annex 3, paragraph 9.3.
2.13.8. Test of resistance to high temperature in accordance with the requirements of
Annex 3, paragraph 5."
Paragraph 3.6.2., replace the reference to "Annex 18" by "Annex 21".
Annex 21 (former), renumber as Annex 24.
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Annex 14
Paragraph 1., replace "following principal or secondary characteristics" by "following
principal characteristics".
Paragraph 1.1.6., amend to read:
"1.1.6. The nominal thickness. … the acceptable thickness tolerance is given by
equation (thickness tolerance limits (mm) = ± (0.4 mm + 0.1 e).
Where e is the sheet nominal thickness in millimetres.
Reference standard is ISO 7823-1:2003."
Insert a new paragraph 1.2.2., to read:
"1.2.2. The incorporation or otherwise of opaque obscuration."
Paragraph 4.2., amend to read (inserting a table including a new note 1):
"4.2. Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces (1,170 x 570 +0/-2 mm) or six complete parts shall be
subjected to testing.
The table below shows the type of samples subject to testing, in accordance
with the dimensions of the glazing to be assessed.
Other than Diameter D of the circle 1,170 mm x 570 mm Other part of same material, production
small window capable of being scribed: (material type testing and procedure, thickness, colour with
D < 400 mm and area of at standard support frame) dimensions bigger than those of the
least 200 cm2 original part, into which a 400 mm
diameter circle can be scribed, and with
a developed surface area of less than
1,170 mm x 570 mm (part type approval
for the original part 1)
Diameter D of the circle 1,170 mm x 570 mm Real part (submitted for approval)
capable of being scribed: (material type testing and (part type approval and dedicated
400 mm < D standard support frame) support frame)
1
Note: Original part dimensions are too small for performing the test."
Paragraphs 4.3.2. and 4.3.3., amend to read:
"4.3.2. For forward facing glazing situated forward of an occupant like partitions and
separating windows which have impact probability (classification VIII/A) the
drop height shall be 3 m. The HIC value shall also be measured.
4.3.3. For glazing like side windows, back windows and sunroofs which have
reduced impact possibilities (classification VIII/B) the drop height shall be
1.5 m. The HIC value shall also be measured."
Paragraph 4.4.3., amend to read:
"4.4.3. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory from
the point of view of the headform test if all tests give satisfactory results."
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Paragraph 4.2., amend to read (inserting a table including also a new note 1):
"4.2. Number of test pieces
Six flat test pieces (1,170 mm x 570 mm +0/-2 mm) or six complete parts shall
be subjected to testing.
The table below shows the type of samples subject to testing, in accordance
with the dimensions of the glazing to be assessed.
Other than Diameter D of the circle 1,170 mm x 570 mm Other part of same material,
small window capable of being scribed: (material type testing production procedure, thickness,
D < 400 mm and and standard support colour with dimensions bigger than
those of the original part, into which a
area of at least 200 cm2 frame)
400 mm diameter circle can be
scribed, and with a developed surface
area of less than 1,170 mm x 570 mm
(part type approval for the original
part 1)
Diameter D of the circle 1,170 mm x 570 mm Real part (submitted for approval)
capable of being scribed: (material type testing (part type approval and dedicated
400 mm < D and standard support support frame)
frame)
1
Note: Original part dimensions are too small for performing the test."
Paragraphs 4.3.1. to 4.3.3., amend to read:
"4.3.1. The test method used shall be that described in Annex 3, paragraph 3.2.
4.3.2. For forward facing glazing situated forward of an occupant like partitions and
separating windows which have impact probability (classification X/A) the
drop height shall be 3 m.
The HIC value shall also be measured.
4.3.3. For glazing like side windows, back windows and sunroofs which have
reduced impact possibilities (classification X/B) the drop height shall be 1.5 m.
The HIC value shall also be measured."
Paragraphs 5.1. to 5.2., amend to read:
"5.1. Indices of difficulty of the secondary characteristics:
(1) Without obscuration(s)
(2) With obscuration(s)
5.2. Number of test pieces
Ten flat square pieces of 300 mm +10/-0 mm side of the outer component sheet
or ten substantially flat finished parts shall be subjected to testing. In this later
case, the contact between the part and the supporting fixture shall be around
the whole perimeter and of about 15 mm width. Upper and lower supporting
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frames shall be clamped together in a way that ensures that the movement of
the test piece during the test shall not exceed 2 mm."
Paragraph 5.3.2., replace "various thickness" by "various nominal thickness" and "values of
thickness" by "values of nominal thickness".
Paragraphs 5.4.1. to 5.4.2., amend to read:
"5.4.1. The ball test shall be …
…
(b) The test piece does not break into separate pieces.
As a result of the impact, cracks and fissures in the test piece shall however be
permitted.
5.4.2. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory from
the point of view of the 227 g ball test if eight or more separate tests give a
satisfactory result at the drop height."
Paragraphs 5.4.2.1. and 5.4.2.2., shall be deleted.
Paragraph 6.1.2., amend to read:
"6.1.2. Three flat square test pieces of 100 mm side for each type of surface shall be
subjected to testing."
Paragraphs 6.1.3.1. and 6.1.3.2., replace "total light scatter" by "increase of haze" (twice).
Insert a new paragraph 6.1.3.3., to read:
"6.1.3.3. In the case of glazing of Class L, for the abrasion on the outer surface of the
test sample, either the abrasion test according to Annex 3, paragraph 4. or as
an equivalent alternative the package of sand drop test, car-wash test and wiper
test shall apply as described in Annex 17, paragraphs 6.1.2., 6.1.3. and 6.1.4."
Paragraph 6.1.3.3. (former), renumber as paragraph 6.1.3.4.
Paragraph 6.1.4., amend to read:
"6.1.4. A set of samples for approval shall be considered satisfactory if all samples
meet the requirements."
Paragraph 6.2.4., amend to read:
"6.2.4. A set of test pieces submitted for approval shall be considered satisfactory from
the point of view of the resistance to simulated weathering if all test pieces
give satisfactory results."
Paragraphs 6.2.4.1. and 6.2.4.2., shall be deleted.
Paragraph 6.3.3.2., amend to read:
"6.3.3.2. The test piece shall be considered satisfactory from the point of view of
approval if the test gives satisfactory results."
Paragraphs 6.3.3.2.1. and 6.3.3.2.2., shall be deleted.
Paragraph 6.4.2., amend to read:
"6.4.2. Ten square pieces or test windows of 300 x 300 mm side or ten original parts
shall be subjected to testing."
Paragraph 7.1., amend to read:
"7.1. Interpretation of results
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