Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
ETEDM - 2018 Conference Proceedings

IoT based Smart Helmet for Ensuring Safety in

Industries
Mangala Nandhini. V , Padma Priya G.V , Nandhini. S, Mr. K.Dinesh
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Kongu Engineering College
Perundurai, Erode

Abstract:- Industrial safety is one of the main aspects of environmental characteristics. Zigbee devices can transmit
industry . Working environment hazards include suffocation, data over long distances by passing data through a mesh
gas poisoning and gas explosion. Hence air quality and network of intermediate devices to reach more distant ones
hazardous event detection is very important factor in [3].
industry. In order to achieve those safety measures, the
The proposed system uses Wi-Fi technology to transfer
proposed system provides a wireless sensor network for
monitoring real time situation of working environment from data from the working environment to the remote
monitoring station. It provides real time monitoring of monitoring unit. The merit in using Wi-Fi as a medium of
harmful gases like CO, CH4 and LPG and also temperature transfer is that it covers wider area and it is the latest
and humidity. To overcome those hazardous situation, this modern technology that has been emerging worldwide for
system provides emergency alert to the monitoring station . transferring data. In this system the transferred data is
Some workers are not aware of safety and they did not wear collected
helmet properly. For this purpose, a limit switch was used to ,stored and analyzed using Thingspeak application.
successfully determine whether the workers had worn their Thingspeak is one of the recently developed application in
helmet properly or not. The system uses Wi-Fi technology for
the field of IoT for analysing data transferred by wireless
transmission of data from working environment to the
monitoring station. There is an alert switch at working sensor networks.
environment for emergency purpose[1].
2. RELATED WORKS:
Keywords: IoT, Arduino , Wi-Fi Technology, Sensors
Yongping Wu and Guo Feng implemented helmets that
1. INTRODUCTION: uses the Bluetooth wireless transmission system for the
monitoring the working environment. As a standard of
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated unified global short-range wireless communication,
computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, Bluetooth technology is to establish a common lowpower,
objects, animals or people that are provided with unique low-cost wireless air interface and controlling software
identifier and the ability to transfer data over a network opening system . At the same time, the system uses CAN
without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer bus technology maturely, has realized the combination of
interaction. The IoT allows objects to be sensed or wired and wireless data transmission system. The main
controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, difficulty of this system is that the Bluetooth is short
creating opportunities for more direct integration of the distance wireless technology and use of cabling is difficult.
physical world into computer-based systems, and resulting When a natural calamity occurs,the cabling will gets
in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in damaged. So the reliability and long life of conventional
addition to reduced human intervention. IoT has evolved communication system is poor. Jingjiang Song, Yingli Zhu
from the convergence of wireless technologies, micro- proposed automatic monitoring system for industrial safety
electromechanical systems(MEMS), microservices and the based on wireless sensor network. The sensor groups of the
internet. The convergence has helped tear down the silo system intensively monitor temperature, humidity in the
walls between operational technology and information working area.The parameters measured are sent to wireless
technology, allowing unstructured machine-generated data communication module by the micro- controller. The
to be analyzed for insights that will drive improvements collected information is sent to long-distance monitoring
[2]. centre by cable. So the reliability and long life of
In earlier days, LED helmets were deployed in Industries to conventional communication system is poor. The another
inform the workers about the hazardous events. Later problem is that the working condition of industries is very
sensors were deployed to detect the events and the alert can noisy and if the distance of the workers and system is
be sent to the remote monitoring unit to avoid losses. long,workers will not get proper message. Pranjal Hazarika
several wireless sensor network has been used to detect and presents implementation of safety helmet for workers. This
transfer datas. The most commonly used technology for helmet is equipped with methane and carbon monoxide gas
wireless transfer is zigbee .One of the main disadvantage in sensor. This sensor sense the gas and the data is transmitted
using zigbee as a medium of transfer is the coverage to the control room wirelessly, through a wireless module
area.The coverage area of zigbee is usually 10– 100 called Zigbee connected with the helmet. This system does
meters line-of-sight, depending on power output and not working conditions of the workers and whether the

Volume 6, Issue 04 Published by, www.ijert.org 1

Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
ETEDM - 2018 Conference Proceedings

workers wear the helmet or not.The main difficulty of the abnormal condition. This system provides an alert button at
system is the usage of zigbee technology.Zigbee base station so that control room can directly convey the
technology has small area coverage and hence transferring emergency message to the workers [1] .
to the monitoring agent is difficult to transfer data from the
working area long distance monitoring unit [1]. 4.HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
DESCRIPTION:
3. PROPOSED WORK: HELMET SECTION:

The system provides real time monitoring of industries The Helmet section of the system
from the monitoring station. The transmitter unit is placed comprises of:
on helmet of worker and receiver unit placed on the
monitoring station. The Wi-Fi wireless technology is used 1) AIR QUALITY SENSOR:
for data transmission from the working environment to the
base station. The Wi- Fi communication network provide Air Quality Sensor is used to sense and detect the emission
way to monitor the working environment through of gases like LPG, Methane, carbon monoxide that causes
thingspeak application from the monitoring station. The several health hazards to the workers of the industries. The
transmitter unit consists of air quality sensor, helmet threshold value for Air Quality Sensor used in this system
removal sensor ,temperature and humidity sensor. The air is 600 ppm. temperature sensor used in this system is 35
quality sensors monitor the level of harmful gases like degree Celsius.
LPG, Methane, Carbon monoxide [1].
3) HUMIDITY SENSOR:

The Air Quality Sensor , MQ7 is a low power heat

conduction gas sensor. The working principle is its
resistance value fluctuate when gas concentration changes,
the relationship is almost a linear one. MQ7 is a high
precision, low-power unit with heating circuit, the voltage
is Vc: 5.0V±0.1V VH: 5.0V±0.1V, load
resistance is 51 Ω, preheating time is Over 48 hours static
power consumption is less than 900mW, and working
temperature range is -40℃ ~ +70℃ [4].

The MQ7 Air Quality Sensor is used to monitor the level

of Methane, LPG, CO respectively LM35 is used for
monitoring temperature. These are semiconductor type
sensor. The sensor sense the particular level of gases and
transmitted real time data to the microcontroller in the
arduino , the controller receive the data, process it and
transmit it to the monitoring station using Wi-Fi. At the
same time if the sensor value increases above the threshold,
alert sound and LED indication is provided to avoid losses
.
The limit switch is used for detection of helmet removal
condition. The limit switch placed inside the helmet. If
helmet is worn properly, the switch is pressed and this data
is transmitted to the thingspeak app using Wi-Fi. If helmet
is removed, the switch is not pressed and then buzzer is
ON, at the same time this data is transmitted to the Fig 1 Specification of MQ7 Sensor[4]
monitoring station and can be viewed through Thingspeak
app. 2) TEMPERATURE SENSOR:
All real time data are received from helmet to the
monitoring station through Wi-Fi and can be visualized on The temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature of
the Thingspeak application in the form of graphical charts . the working environment. The Threshold condition for The
At the receiver side buzzer is used for abnormal condition. humidity sensor is used to sense the humidity in the work
The buzzer is ON when gas sensor exceeds above threshold area. The threshold condition for humidity sensor used in
or miner removed her helmet or working environment is in this system is 80.

Volume 6, Issue 04 Published by, www.ijert.org 2

Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
ETEDM - 2018 Conference Proceedings

4) LIMIT SWITCH: 1) Green LED Lights

Green LED Lights are switched on when the readings of
The Limit Switch is used to detect whether the worker the sensors lies within the threshold conditions.
properly wears the helmet or not. If the helmet is not worn
properly an alert signal is generated to the monitoring unit 2) Red LED Lights
and they alerts the worker by giving necessary instructions. Red LED Lights are switched on when the readings of the
sensors raises above the threshold conditions
5) ARDUINO :
3) Buzzer
A pre-assembled Arduino board includes a microcontroller, Buzzer which is connected to the arduino emits an alert
which is programmed using Arduino programming signal whenever the sensor readings rises above the
language and the Arduino development environment. In threshold conditions.
essence, this platform provides a way to build and program
electronic components. Arduino programming language is a COMMUNICATION SECTION:
simplified from of C/C++ programming language based on
what Arduino calls "sketches," which use basic The communication section is used to transfer the data
programming structures, variables and functions. These are from the working environment to the monitoring unit. For
then converted into a C++ program. Other open-source this purpose, this system uses Wi-Fi technology which
electronics prototyping projects, such as Wiring and covers wider area transfer. At whatever point the sensor
Processing, provide the underpinnings for Arduino information surpasses the predetermined limit (preset)
technology[5]. esteem, the wi-fi module at remote observing site transmits
ready flag to nearby site by blowing signal ceaselessly.
This system uses Arduino NANO that uses AVR 1) Wi-Fi Module
Microcontroller (Atmega328). Atmega is subfamily of
AVR Microcontroller. AVR For wireless transmission purpose, this system uses a kit
microcontroller is selected because their fast responses namely Nodemcu . NodeMCU is a LUA based interactive
speed. AVR reach 20MIPS at 20MHz clock where firmware for Expressif ESP8622 Wi-Fi SoC, as well as an
PIC16FS only reach 5MIPS at 20 MHz due to 4 clock open source hardware board that contrary to the ESP8266
instruction architecture. AVR is better in terms because of Wi-Fi modules includes a CP2102 TTL to USB chip for
processing power. programming and debugging, is breadboard-friendly, and
The Atmega328 chip has an inbuilt ADC. It convert analog can simply be powered via its microUSB port[7].
signal to digital value, with Vref value being a reference NodeMCU Features [8]: Developer: ESP8266 Opensource
for which digital values are low or high. Atmega328 has 28 Community
pins. It has 14 digital I/O pins, of which 6 can be used as
PWM output, 6 analog input pins and 2 for crystal Type :Single-Board Microcontroller OS
oscillator [1]. :XTOS
CPU :ESP8266(LX106)

Memory :128Kbytes Storage :4Mbytes Power

:USB

Fig 2 Arduino Nano Specification[4] ALERT SECTION:

The alert section is used to alert whenever the value of the

sensors exceeds the threshold Conditions.
For the purpose of alerting , this system uses LED Lights
and a Buzzer.
Fig 3 NodeMCU Specification

Volume 6, Issue 04 Published by, www.ijert.org 3

Special Issue - 2018 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
ETEDM - 2018 Conference Proceedings

MONITORING SECTION: 7. REFERENCES:

The Monitoring section of the system comprises 1) S. R. Deokar, V. M. Kulkarni, J. S. Wakode ,“Smart Helmet for
of: Coal Mines Safety Monitoring and Alerting” Vol. 6, Issue 7, July
2017
1 ) THINGSPEAK APPLICATION: 2) http://internetofthingsagenda.techta rget.com/definition/Internet-
of- Things-IoT
ThingSpeak is an open source Internet of Things (IoT) 3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigbe e
application and API to store and retrieve data from things 4) Kiran Kishore V, E Narasimha and Y Shruthi, ,“smart helmet for
coal miners using zigbee technology” Issue-2, Volume-2, 067-
using the HTTP protocol over the Internet or via a Local 069
Area Network. ThingSpeak enables the creation of sensor 5) https://www.techopedia.com/defini tion/27874/arduino
logging applications, location tracking 6) arduino.cc/en/uploads/main/arduin onanomanual23.pdf
applications, and a social network of things with status 7) https://www.cnx- software.com/2015/04/18/nodemcu -is-both-a-
breadboard-friendly- esp8266-wi-fi-board-and-a-lua- based-
updates [9]. firmware
Thingspeak is a cross platform application written in Ruby 8) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node MCU
language. ThingSpeak has integrated support from the 9) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thing Speak
numerical computing software MATLAB from 10) C. j. Behr, A. Kumar and G. P. Hancke, „A Smart Helmet for Air
Quality and Hazardous Event Detection for the Industry‟, IEEE,
MathWorks, allowing ThingSpeak users to analyze and PP. 2028-2031, 2016.
visualize uploaded data using Matlab without requiring the
purchase of a Matlab license from Mathworks. ThingSpeak
has a close relationship with Mathworks, Inc. In fact, all of
the ThingSpeak documentation is incorporated into the
Mathworks' Matlab documentation site and even enabling
registered Mathworks user accounts as valid login
credentials on the ThingSpeak website. The terms of
service and privacy policy of ThingSpeak.com are between
the agreeing user and Mathworks[9].

5. RESULT ANALYSIS:

The result analysis of our project includes 1) sensing the

gas emission , temperature and humidity 2)Transmission of
data using Wi-Fi 3) Storing and monitoring data using
Thingspeak application.

6. CONCLUSION:

Through this study, we developed a smart helmet which

was designed to help workers to get rid of hazardous events
in industries. The paper has been successfully presented
and tested with integrated features of each hardware
component for its development. Significance of each block
has been resonated out and placed carefully, thus
contributing to the best working of the unit. Hence the
system is reliable with simple and easily available
components, making it light weight and portable [4]. This
product can be enhanced by adding additional features in
the near future.

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