Bio-Cultural Theory of Individual Differences

BIO-CULTURAL THEORY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
 An integration of both biological anthropology and social/cultural anthropology.
(Kumabaga, ito ay dalawang magkaibang variables na pinagisa para maging isang theory which …
 Involves integrating on how culture approach health and healing based on gender, class, age,
education, and their own traditional experiences with illness and healing, for example.
[(Halimbawa, everytime na magkakasakit ako, yung method na binibigay sa aking ng parents ko para
gumaling is yung “HILOT.” Nagiging culture siya ng family namin kae hindi lang saakin pati na rin sa
ibang members ng family namin. Sa iba naman is yung pumupunta sila sa doctor para sa medical
treatment.)
(From the example, health is the biological aspect while “HILOT” is part of a culture in our family.)]
THEORIES OF NATIVISM, ETHOLOGY and SOCIOBIOLOGY
NATIVISM
 Views human as endowed with genetic traits seen in all members of the species, regardless of
differences in their environments.
[(This means that kahit gaano man karami tayong pagkakaiba-iba like our race, skin complexion,
culture or nationality, lahat tayo merong mga katangian na fixed na sa ating mga tao despite of this
differences.)
(Sino sainyo ang may mga kapatid na 1-3 years old. Kung papansinin natin sila, nakakapagsalita sila
ng dialect natin kahit di natin sila tinuturuan. Bakit kaya? Okay dahil narin sa mga environmental
factors like naririnig nila ito sa atin.)]
ETHOLOGY
 Points to genetically survival behaviors assumed to have evolved through natural selection.
(This means that we inherit ways to survive in this world. Just like the birds, they have next-building genes
for their survival.)
 Likewise, as claimed by exponents of ethology even emotional relationships are important for
infant’s survival. Emotional bonding is achieved between the infant and the mother everytime
she attends to the needs of the infant.
(Correct me if I’m wrong. Another example here is kapag parang sumasakit yung breast ng mother is
gutom na daw yung baby.)
SOCIOBIOLOGY
 Focuses on the study of society using the methods and concepts of biological science.
[(Kapag hiniwalay nating yung sociobiology, we get socio or social and biologal aspect or life.)
(For example, we need to live in a group so there is more possibility to survive. Sino naman sa atin ang gustong mag isa.
Diba wala. Kailangan nating unity to survive.)]
 Behavior Genetics is a result of heredity.

(Example of behavior genetics are intelligence, shyness and many more.)
 Heredity provides for individual differences.
(Whatever traits or behavior are children acquire as said to be influenced by genes. It has been
observable in the lifespan.)
(For example, a children who are good tempered will look at life positively at their young age. On the
other hand, bad tempered children will have less achievements in life.)
 Environment plays also a role on determine how apparently the hereditary traits affect the
individual’s development.
BROFENBRENNER ECOLOGICAL THEORY
 Explains development in terms of relationship between people in their environments.

 CONTEXTS” as Brofenbrenner calls them.
(Development is the result of all the context. These contexts are the variables that affect development
and to specify they interaction, let me proceed to the next.)
Macrosystem
 Contains the values and beliefs of the culture in which a child is growing up.
(A society where education is believed to be important can be adopted by the child all throughout
his development.)
Exosystem
 Cultural institutions which have indirect influence on the child’s development.
[(Indirect means there’s no physical contact with the child but greatly influences his development.)
(For example, the government shall provide the basic services for the children especially giving enough
funds for their schooling.
Microsystem
 Units who have directly influence the child.
(It is the opposite of the exosystem. For example, the families, friends, peers, school, and religion.)
Mesosystem
 Consist of the interconnections between the three stated components.
(For example, a child will adopt the society’s belief about the importance of education. (Macrosystem)
Because the environmental factor especially his family members or peers influence them to go to
school. (Microsystem) If the child started to go to school, the government will provide enough funds for
his basic serives. (Exosystem)

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BIO-CULTURAL THEORY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

 An integration of both biological anthropology and social/cultural anthropology.

THEORIES OF NATIVISM, ETHOLOGY and SOCIOBIOLOGY

 Behavior Genetics is a result of heredity.

 Heredity provides for individual differences.

BROFENBRENNER ECOLOGICAL THEORY

 Explains development in terms of relationship between people in their environments.

 Cultural institutions which have indirect influence on the child’s development.

 Units who have directly influence the child.

 Consist of the interconnections between the three stated components.

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