Cooperation On Solid Waste Management: The Problem and Its Background

COOPERATION ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
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CALLANG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
The Republic Act No. 9003 or The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
of 2000 stipulates the ethical guidelines for solid wastes reduction and manifestation
of the appropriate treatment measures (i.e. waste segregation, waste transport, waste
collection, and disposal) augmented through the supports of national research and
development programs. Hereby, the perpetration of the law supplied the necessary
framework and institutional schemes for the proper treatment of waste and wastes
disposal.
As indicated in the law, the collaboration of the National Solid Waste
Management Commission (NSWMC) with the its respective subordinates are
indeed necessary in order to produce Local Government Solid Waste Management
Plan which is strategically and geographically enforced in the local government
units (LGUs) fall for the implementation of safe and sanitary management plans for
solid waste treatments in the local areas.
Waste management is one of the most used key to eradicate wastes in
particular area around the globe. Indeed, this method is known for its practical use
without losing that of much expenses but needs to exert such effort effectively. One
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of the effective ways in order to conquer the increase of solid wastes is to establish
a sense of cooperation to everyone not only by affected citizens of the growth of
solid wastes but also with the help of concerned citizens.
In order to localize, Callang National High School had been known for its
ever-shifting blurred line of waste segregation and waste management. As of the
school year 2018-2019, the Supreme Student Government or (SSG) lead the
awareness towards the waste segregation as the organization pursue to conduct
weekly evaluation in order to assess the students’ obligations such as waste
segregation. Out of 32 sections composing of both Junior and Senior High School
only 5 sections are being recognized each week. Mainly because, those sections that
are not being recognized are those who do not meet the ask criterion of evaluating
the practice of waste management including the collection, segregation and disposal.
That has been stated, the purpose of this research is to feed efficient
information to the expected readers in accordance to the research. The study
primarily correlates two entities at a time the students’ cooperation and sustainable
solutions for solid waste management.
In accordance to this, all of the generated ideas of this research undergone
researchers’ analysis questions from respected respondents. In addition, all of the
information that are held to unveil to the expected readers are analyzed and by the
that, the purpose of this research which are to educate and convince readers to
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cooperate with the said solutions of waste management, are about to achieve.
Moreover, the accomplishment of this research may alter others’ perception into a
cooperative way of thinking, which this research aimed for. This study will
determine the significant relationship between students’ cooperation and sustainable
Conceptual Framework
Wastes Segregation
Student’s Solutions
Cooperation
Collection Segregation Disposal
Figure 1. Contextual Paradigm of the Study.

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Students cooperation, will begin to become more aware of how much trash
they generate in daily life by observing and recording how much trash they produce
in a day. Students will become conscious of what type of materials they throw away
and need discipline to one students to become successful to segregate the waste
management foe the school.
One of the solutions to manage the wastes, school must provide trash cans to
segregate the wastes. Waste management offers a full range of customizable waste
and recycling solution that address the complexities of your individual campus
environment, taking steps to reduce school waste management can have a huge
impact on the environment of the school. It can save energy to reduce greenhouse
gas emission and decrease the amount of materials in landfills by implementing
waste reduction projects in the school.
Another strategy is that, the principal and concern authorities must act to
implement the policies for the school to maintain the waste management and all
students can follow the rules, daily. Disposal it is important in helping school’s
facilities, fields and respective areas of concern to cooperate to each individual in
school to properly dispose the waste and to innovate the proper waste disposal.
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Research Paradigm
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
This study aims to

seek answers to the
following questions:
What is the profile

Analysis of:
of the student in
terms of: 1. profile of the
senior high school
1 Name
students
2 Sex Students’ Cooperation
2. sustainable
solutions for solid on Sustainable
3 Grade Level and
waste management Solutions for Solid
Section
Waste Management
What are the 3. significant
sustainable relationship
solutions for solid between student’s
waste management? cooperation and
sustainable
Is there a significant solutions for solid
relationship waste management
between students’
cooperation and
sustainable
solutions for solid
waste management?
a)
FEEDBACK
Figure 2. Paradigm of the Study

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Statement of the Problem
This study attempted to elaborate the relationship of student’s cooperation
between the sustainable solutions for solid waste management. Moreover, it aims to
ratify the underlying idea that student’s cooperation improves solutions for solid
waste management.
This study aims to seek answers to the following questions:
1) What is the profile of the student in terms of:
a) Name
b) Sex
c) Grade level and Section
2) What are the sustainable solutions for solid waste management?
3) Is there a significant relationship between students’ cooperation and sustainable
solutions for solid waste management?
Significance of the Study
The significance of the study is to impart the students of Callang National
High School to cooperate for the sustainable solution for the solid waste
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of the school in to know their obligation as concerned student the proper waste of
segregating solid waste to save the environment as well as to save the Earth due to
climate change. Moreover, this study would encourage Senior High School student
of Callang National High School to become responsible in patronizing solid waste
management and to become a role model to others students and other schools.
Furthermore, results of this research would be a great help to the government,
community, teachers, students and future researchers in the following manners:
Government. The study serves as a tool for the government officials because they
could determine the best solutions for solid waste management in order to
effectively implement on a certain society.
Community. The community will cooperate to improve and to control the solution
for solid waste management to minimize and mitigate possible disasters.
Teachers. This study will help them teach the best methods to practically
implement solid waste management effectively.
Student. It will help the others to formulate the waste management and to
segregate to trash and for helping the environment.
Future Researchers. This research will help the future researchers through getting
some ideas or more information about waste management they work become easier
because of the information they get in this study.

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Statement of Hypothesis
There is a significant relationship between students’ cooperation on
sustainable solutions for waste management.
Scope and Delimitation
This study mainly covers students of Junior High students of Callang
National High School, who had been aware of and hereby able to practice waste
management and were purposely selected by the researchers using simple random
technique. This study focuses to determine the significant relationship between
students’ cooperation and sustainable solutions for solid waste management. The
study would not explore to outside research variable such like students’ economic
status and ways of living. This study will start from July 2018 and will be finished
on October 2018. Moreover, there is an assurance that respondents of this study
really comprehend the study. Thus, all of the information of this research has all its
basis.
Furthermore, this study gives attention for students’ cooperation on its
adverse relationship to the solutions of solid waste management. Thus, ensuring that
respondents of this investigative research specifically comprehend possible
outcomes of practicing proper waste management. Hence, suspected for more
undoubted views of the respondents.

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Definition of Terms
Cooperation. It is the process of groups working or acting together for common,
mutual or some underlying benefit as oppose to working in completion for selfish
benefits.
Disposal. It pertains to disposing solid wastes and/or eliminating solid wastes at a
particular area.
Societal problem. It is the presence of dilemma facing by a particular society.
Solid Waste. It means any garbage or trash.
Solid Waste Management. It refers to supervised handling of waste material from
generation at the source through recovery processes to disposal.
Solutions. These are the ways in order to conquer a particular dilemma.
Student. It is a learner or someone who attends an educational institution.
Sustainable Waste Management. It can be defined as using material resources
efficiently to cut down on the amount of waste produced, and, where waste is
generated, dealing with it in a way that actively contributes to the economic, social
and environmental goals of sustainable development.

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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
CONCEPTUAL LITERATURE
Issues on solid waste disposal.
According to an article of Primetimeessay (2017) entitled “Waste Management
Awareness of It in Schools Assignments Example”, waste management means
collecting, transporting, processing, recycling and monitoring of the waste materials.
This conceptual shows the different ways of strategy on cooperation to sustainable
solution for waste management.
According to research concepts for sustainable waste management. Waste
management is closely associated with both these problems waste disposal issues
are exacerbated by changing patterns of consumption, industrial development and
urbanization; this in turn means that traditional systems for solid waste disposal and
recycling are no longer appropriate this problem affects informal settlements in
particular (Dasgupta, 2013).
Moreover, Dasgupta (2013) observed in Europe waste is increasingly being used
to produce both materials and energy and recycling now saves more greenhouse
gases than generating solid waste. Solid waste management is the process of
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collecting, storing, treatment and disposal on solid waste in such a way that they are
harmless to humans, plants, animals the ecology and the environment generally
solid waste have become recurring features in our environment it is no longer in
doubt that our environment is inundated with the challenges of an - cleared solid
wastes.
With that being said, it encloses the general idea that one of the major problems
which is the growth of solid wastes have not been settled, nowadays. In a smaller
perspective every person could defy all of these circumstances through this research.
The lack of study regarding this topic would possibly fulfilled at all cost cause, the
previous researches only focus on the ways and causes of improper waste
management. On the other hand, solid waste management with its respective
methods are at hand to practice properly in order to conquer this societal problem.
Benefits of waste management.
Another article entitled “Concepts for Sustainable Waste Management Partnership for
Recycling (2017)”, gave emphasis on waste disposal that emerged into an industry
and is more than just removing waste the organic waste is segregated from
nonrecyclable and inorganic wastes. This has allowed cities to make use of organic
to create compost for public areas. There are even some cities that package and sell
the compost to make money. These items can be reprocessed and recycled and will
be used in producing new products. This method has helped reduce further
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consumption of natural resources and at the same time lowers the ultimate needs for
waste disposal (GIZ, 2016).
Moreover, the environmental benefits of waste management, it is also
beneficial to health as well. In the past, burning waste in the land fill or in the
backyard was a common practice. But according to health agencies, when garbage
and plastics are being burned, they produce particulate matter that are solid
compounds and are suspended in the air. Exposure to this can increase the risk of
developing heart disease, respiratory disease, asthma and emphysema. Proper
disposal of waste or waste management relocates waste to areas where they can be
left, incinerated or disposed of in a safe manner (GIZ, 2016).
As a result, this respectively indicates that there is notice issue that everyone
must be involved since insufficient resources or capital to build counter strategies
could be barely possible. As a result, Kuniyal (as cited in Pradhan, 2009) noted that
the resources intended in dealing with this societal problem such as infrastructure,
financial capabilities and manpower are at held on low service provisions.
Moreover, this burden to everyone affected by these solid wastes are assured to
increase. Seemingly, the problem becomes more complicated, because as time
passes by, over population and urbanization are held to dominate the increase
growth of solid wastes.

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Roles of the citizens with regards to waste disposal.
Simon (2008), observed in Sri Lanka as a developing country is also facing such
situation in urban waste management. The local authorities are responsible for
MSWS is Sri Lanka and practice several methods of disposal as open dumping,
composing, land filling, incineration, direct and in direct recycling. However due to
some limitations such as high operational and management cost, poor quality
products and poor understanding of process, economically viable, environmental
friendly and socially acceptable methods as limited in use. Therefor it appears that
the most of the waste disposal practices can harmfully affect the environment, such
as open dumping on land and water bodies, direct combustion and so forth.
According to Goel (2008) on his article review entitled “Municipal Waste
Management in India: A Critical Review”, solid waste management is one of the
most neglected aspects of India environment and the recent municipal solid waste
(management and handling). Rules 2000 have made it mandatory for the
administrative authority of any area to undertake responsibility for all activities
relating to municipal solid waste management. A survey of MSWM practices in
India are: underestimation of generation rates and therefore, underestimation of
resource requirements, lack of technical and managerial inputs, and lack of reliable
and updated information to the public and practitioners in the field.

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RELATED RESEARCH LITERATURE
Wastes and the issues of waste management.
Solid waste management had been considered to innovate in order to ease
the growth of solid wastes, demands. In like manner, there had been numerous
strategical tools and plans to incorporate with solid waste management. These were
identified as prevention since, Philippines is much vulnerable to typhoons, causing
floods, flash floods, landslide and any other form of calamities. In order to have
clearer view on this topic area related studies have been determined.
Saat, Muhammad, Nur, Zawaha, Siti, Nor, Siti and Muhammad (2015)
conducted a study in Pasir Mas, Malaysia they observed that the huge volume of the
mud left in the area by the flood has been determined by the participants as the main
source of the post-flood wastes. Moreover, the speed of the clearing up operation
seeks the best cooperation of the government agencies and concerned citizens.
Nonetheless, it may not be as successful as it was supposed to be because there are
such enormous number of resident lack in proper education regarding awareness
among the community.
A study conducted in Malaysia points out that the effectiveness of waste
management depends on the cooperation of every people who are engaged in doing
waste management or so-called ‘gotong-royong. (Saat, Muhammad, Nur, Zawaha,
Siti, Nor, Siti & Muhammad (2015) This would be great help in order to assess the
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said solution like this kind of societal problem. Another study also suggests that the
effectiveness of waste management is to educate people to proper waste
management and the implementation of municipal law (Douglas, Alam, Maghenda,
Mcdonnell McLean & Campbell (2008).
Certainly, this sense of cooperation must improve for the sake of the
people’s way of living with satisfaction. However, wastes that put this societal
problem, must be able to identify, in order to formulate the best solutions for the
practice of solid waste management. In accordance to this, there were solutions to
manage these solid wastes.
Since, solid waste had been known as part of the way we live. With that, the
increase of human population also indicates the enormous growth of solid wastes
across the nation. Hence, it was noted as one of the major societal problems that is
believed, have the inconsistency to surpass entirely. Since, Philippines is determined
as one of the developing countries, there could be insufficient resources to manage
these solid wastes. Zerboc (as cited in Pradhan, 2009) noted that, “In a developing
country, the problems associated with solid waste management are more acute than
in a developed country”.
Badran and Haggar (2006) define municipal solid waste as a general term
which encompasses all waste materials except hazardous waste, liquid waste and
atmospheric emissions. Solid waste can be further subdivided into two general
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categories: residential and commercial. The residential category refers to the waste
that is designated as ‘garbage’. The garbage class can be described as the waste that
is gathered by the community services. The commercial category contains industrial
and agricultural customers. These clients are much more dispersed and produce
higher amounts of waste. The most important differentiator between residential
routes and commercial routes is that the waste management company serves
locations (commercial) instead of streets or quarters (residential). Moreover, the use
of containers in commercial routes requires a different type of truck.
Effectiveness of solid waste management.
Indeed, majority of the participants have been able to manage these wastes
through their own ways, such as, burning, throwing to the dustbin, and putting it to
the ground. This demonstrate how participants had been able to manage solid wastes
individually (Saat et al., 2015).
Henry, Yongsheng and Jun (2006) argue that, in relation on the effectiveness
of solid waste management through participants cooperation, immersing with
strategical plans must indeed essential. Identifying the worth of some of the wastes
must be taken in to consideration, especially in the country like Philippines which is
one of the developing countries. Incorporating the resource recovery as one the
strategies to implement with solid waste management, determined as the best

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strategy in the effectiveness of solid waste management. For example, are the
recycling materials composting and energy recovery.
Sustainable solutions to improve waste management.
Furthermore, Integrated Solid Waste Management, or ISWM, is concept that
associates the innovation of the existing system of waste management or designing
the new system in order to adapt regarding the demands of the accumulation of solid
wastes (United Nations Environment Program, 2005).
As a result of ISWM more practical benefits generates in terms of waste
management activities. This could possibly boost participants’ motivation to
cooperate with solid waste management practice in a particular area. As a result,
participants are highly involved in the decision-making process on the solid waste
management since, the growth of solid wastes and the accumulation of the
population directly interdependent with one another.
With that being said, the strategical tools and plans to incorporate with solid
waste management are indeed essential throughout the entire process. While, it is
suspected to envisioned the effectiveness of solid waste management system
through its internal strength and weaknesses found on the participants, themselves.
Hence, this would improve the existing system to eradicate solid wastes.
Sustainable solid waste management according to Pradhan (2009), depends these
ideas to the system in order to come up with adequate and efficient provisions,
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appropriately. Another highlighted point he noted, encloses with the collection and
transportation of wastes.
On the other hand, Pradhan (2009), also identified to his study that, other
than the factors explained there are also underlying key factors on the participants’
part, that is the existing decision-making system that supposed to persuades
participants to have their own way of cooperating to eradicate these wastes instead
of dissuade theme with the existing centralized form of managing solid wastes
around. This idea of Pradhan (2009) only implies that the decision-making system
must indeed be decentralized in order to allow participants to be more cooperative
and act efficiently.
Belien, Boeck, and Ackere (2011) identify solution method for a problem with only
one disposal facility substantially differs from a model for a problem with multiple disposal
facilities. First of all, one has to choose to which disposal facility each vehicle returns (truck
allocation).
Second, one has to decide when a vehicle returns to a disposal facility (collection
routing). When the collection vehicle is in the proximity of a disposal facility, it might be
better to do the disposal trip, even when the vehicle is not fully loaded. Although the
situation with a single disposal facility seems less realistic, there are certain contexts where
a method starting from a single disposal facility is desirable. If the number of disposal
facilities is very small compared to the amount of waste that needs to be collected, a
solution method that incorporates only one disposal facility becomes viable.
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Aringhieri, Bruglieri, Malucelli and Nonato (2004) and Bodin, Mingozzi, Baldacci
and Ball (2000) provided an example of a publication where a homogenous fleet of vehicles
picks up containers. Different capacities often correspond to different vehicle sizes. This
has implications for the solution method as different vehicle classes have to be incorporated
into the model. In small city center with tiny alleys or bridges and roads with weight
restrictions, it is possible that certain arcs along the network can no longer be serviced by
certain vehicle classes. This is referred to as a vehicle/site dependency in the literature [56].
Vehicles can differ in capacity, daily capital cost, length of the workday, crew size, loading
system and other characteristics. The loading system, for instance, impacts the size of the
network. Some vehicles require that refuse bags are thrown in at the side of the vehicle
(sideloading) while other vehicles require that employees throw in the refuse bags at the
back of the vehicle (rear-loading). Traversing an arc with a side-loader implies that only one
side of the road has been cleared. This means that each edge in the network has two arcs of
opposite direction, corresponding to the left and the right side of each street. Traversing a
street with a rear-loader, however, makes it possible to work with edges. Once an edge has
been crossed, no further service is required.
Exact solution methods can guarantee detection of the optimal solution. Dell’Amico,
Righini and Salani (2005) for instance, present an exact dynamic programming model in a
recyclable waste routing context Based on computational experience, however, they admit
that their dynamic programming model is impractical even for small size problem.
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Synthesis
The researches presented gave emphasis on how participants cooperates on
sustainable solutions for solid waste management.This idea is evident in the present
study as the solutions for the connection of solid waste management was used to
determine its relation on segregation for solid waste management.
The related studies provided the focus and direction of the present research.
(Saat et. al.,2015) revealed in his study that the participants who practice solid waste
management in their area with their colleagues, friends and families improved
greatly their environment. Most of the studies noted earlier focus on the effects of
solid waste management on the performance of participants especially on how to
segregate solid waste.This study provided an overview pertaining to the relationship
of students cooperation through segregation which is the expected output of this
study.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODS
Research Design
The study is quantitative type of research. It will utilize a correlational
type of research design that involves two variables which aims to prove the
relationship between students’ cooperation and sustainable solutions for solid waste
management. According to Aliaga and Gunderson (2002), quantitative research is
an inquiry into to societal problems, explaining phenomena by gathering numerical
data that will be analyzed using mathematically based methods (e.g. in particular
statistics)
Participants of the Study and Sampling Technique
The respondents of the study will be composed of 276 students of
Callang National High School located in San Manuel, Isabela who are currently
enrolled in the school year 2018-2019. The researchers will use simple random
sampling technique by getting 12 students as respondents of the study of each class
in Junior High School, in order to obtain the relationship of the variables through
gathering necessary information.

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Validity and Reliabity of the Instrument
The researchers will use self-made survey questionnaire in data
gathering. The sets of questions will be designed to obtain factual information in
association with the purpose of the study. Moreover, the instrument that will be
used, is subjected to undergone validation with the research adviser, and some
experts in the school which have varied qualifications and expertise. The
instrument will be furthur be pilot-tested to selected students who are not involved
in the study. In addition, the instrument will still be subjected to some corrections
and modifications.
Instrument of Data Collection
Survey Questionnaire
The survey questionnaire is categorized into parts, namely the demographic
profile of the respondents,in the first part and the second part comes with sub-
sections such as familiarizing, solutions and insights, answered by the selected
respondents in Callang National High School. The first part would be composed of
personal profile of the respondents question and the second part would be
composed of rating scales questions which would be rated in relation to their use of
proper solid waste management during the course of the study. This would be
floated to gather information to ratify if there would be a significant relationship

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between students’ cooperation on sustainable solutions for solid waste
management.
Data Gathering Procedure
1. In the beginning of the study, researchers wrote pre-formulated survey
questionnaires that seek solutions to address the study administered by the
teacher-researchers and had been through assessment by experts in Callang
National High School.
2. Then researchers had written a permission letter for the Principal, allowing
researchers to gather data from the selected respondents. Mr. Arturo B. Nool
Jr., PhD signed researcher’ letter of permission to be able to gather data.
3. Researchers let respondents of the study be informed and provided them
necessary information regarding the research.
4. Then, researchers provided research questionnaire for each respondent for
them to answer.
5. Assumption of the result of this research questionnaires, that address the study
which was been already stated is through profound analysis of each
respondents’ answers through statistical tool.

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Data Analysis
The following descriptive and inferential statistics will be use in the study.
1. Slovin’s Formula. It was used determine to the number of samples the study
out of a large population of Junior High School.
n
S = 1 + ne2
Where : S = sample
n = population
e = error
2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution. It was used in determining the
demographic profiile of the students.
3. Weighted Mean. It was use in the interpretation of the data in the (Part II B.
Solutions) questionnaire on the sustainable solutions for solid waste
management by the students.
∑fx
Wm=
∑f
Where: Wm= weighted mean
F= the frequency
x = the variable
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4. Pearson-r Correlation. It is used to establish the relationship between
students’ cooperation on sustainable solutions for solid waste management.
n∑xy-∑x∑y
r= [n∑x2-(∑x)2][n∑y2-(∑y)2]
Where: x= independent variable
y= dependent variable
5. The following were used to measure students’ cooperation on sustainable
Raw Score Statistical Ratio Description
1 - 1-1.8 - Never
2 - 1.81-2.6 - Rarely
3 - 2.61-3.4 - Sometimes
4 - 3.41-4.2 - Often
5 - 4.21- 5.0 - Always
6. The following were used to measure students’ insights regarding, cooperation
on solid waste management.
Raw Score Statistical Ratio Description
1 - 1-1.8 - Very Much True
2 - 1.81-2.6 - Much True
3 - 2.61-3.4 - Moderately True
4 - 3.41-4.2 - Slightly True
5 - 4.21- 5.0 - Not at all True

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CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS,AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the data
obtained. Tables are presented in this chapter supported by the explanation to
project the synthesis of this study.
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Table 1.1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents
According to Sex
Sex Number of Percentage
Respondents
Male 128 46.38%
Female 148 53.62%
Total 276 100%
Table 1.1 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the
respondents according to their sex.
The table shows that most of the respondents are female with a total of
148 or 53.62% respondents. On the other hand male has the least
population with a total of 128 or 46.38% respondents.

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Table 1.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents
According to Age
Age Number of Percentage

Respondents
Below 13 79 28.62%
13-14 113 40.94%
15-16 77 27.90%
17-18 7 2.54%
19-20 0 0
21 and Above 0 0
Total 276 100%
Table 1.2 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the
respondents according to their age.
It shows that most of the respondents are aged 13-14 with total
respondents of 113 or 40.94%. Some are aged below 13 with total respondents
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of 79 or 28. 62 % while there are total of 77 or 27.90% respondents who are
aged 15-16, and a total of 7 or 2.54% of respondents are aged 17-18. Lastly,
the respondents aged 19-20 and 21 and above, got 0 or 0% respondents.
2. Solutions for Solid Waste Management
In order to determine the sustainable solutions for solid waste
management, the researchers considered the mean of the score of the
respondents, in the specific categories such as familiarizing, solutions and
insights.
Table 2.1
Responses of the Respondents
According to their Self-Assessment
Familiarizing Weighted Description Rank
Mean
I am having been able to comply 3.44 Often 3

with Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000 or
Republic Act No. 9003
I place my litters on the proper trash 3.94 Often 2
bins
I participate in waste segregation in 4.01 Often 1

our classroom
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Table 2.1 presents the rank and the description according to the self-
assessmment by the respondents.
Its shows that, respondents participate in waste segregation, oftenly in
their classroom with an weighted mean of 4.01 that falls on ‘Often’ base from
the description which is in the first rank. Rank 2 refers to respondents who
oftenly place their litters on the proper trash bins with weighted mean of 3.94
which falls on ‘Often’ base from the description.
Lastly on third rank, respondents oftenly comply with the Republic Act
No.9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 with
weighted mean of 3.44 which falls on ‘Often’ base from the description.
Table 2.2
According to the Solutions of Solid Waste Management
Solutions Weighted Description Rank

Mean
Waste collection and management by 2.82 Sometimes 10
local governments
Free wastes bins 3.28 Sometimes 7
Street and Pavement sweeping 3.55 Often 3
Public education to implement 3.64 Often 1

proper waste management
Obsolete and unused materials are 3.64 Often 1

sold to scrap dealers
Re-using solid wastes 3.41 Often 6
Reducing solid wastes 3.45 Often 5

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Solid wastes open burning 2.95 Sometimes 9
Incineration method 3.06 Sometimes 8
Fermentation and biological digestion 3.48 Often 4
Table 2.2 presents the rank and the description according the solutions
for solid waste management.
As seen in the table, out of 10 solutions for solid waste management
there are 2 most observed and higly participated ways of waste segregation that
emerged from the rest, namely public education to implement proper waste
management and obsolete and unused materials are sold to scrap dealers with both
weighted mean of 3.64 which falls on ‘Often’ base from the description. Rank 3
which is street and pavement sweeping with weighted mean of 3.55, rank 4 which
is fermentation and biological digestion with 3.48, rank 5 which is reducing solid
wastes with 3.45, and rank 6 which is reusing solid waste with 3.41 are the
solutions that also fall on ‘Often’ base from the description.
On the other hand, free waste bins with weighted mean of 3.28 falls on
rank 7, while inceneration method with 3.06 falls on rank 8, solid wastes open
burning with 2.95 falls on rank 9 and lastly, waste collection and management by
local governement with 2.82 fall on rank 10. Rank 7 to 10 fall on ‘Sometimes’
base from the description.

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Table 2.3
According to Insights
Insights Weighted Description Rank

Mean
The easiest and less time-consuming 4.10 Much True 5
way of segregating is with a large
group
The best thing to consider in segregating 4.50 Very Much 1

waste is showing the sense of unity and True
cooperation
Cleaning every day is the best method to 4.23 Very Much 2
maintain the waste segregation inside the True
campus
Waste segregation ensure environmental 4.23 Very Much 2
quality resulting in good health True
Waste management provides a review of 3.82 Much True 7

current policies and formulating
preventive measures
Waste management raises an awareness 3.97 Much True 6
and unity.
Cooperation is always a must to 4.17 Much True 4
accomplish waste segregation
Table 2.3 presents the rank and description according to the insights
regarding students’ cooperation on sustainable solutions for solid waste
management.
As can be gleaned upon table 2.3, with a mean of 4.50 most respondents
stated, it is very much true that “The best thing to consider in segregating waste
is showing the sense of unity and cooperation” in first rank. Similarly indicated as
very much true goes with “Waste segregation ensures environmental quality
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resulting to good health.” and “Cleaning everyday to maintain waste segregation
inside the campus.” with both weighted mean of 4.23 in rank 2. Meanwhile,
indicated as Much True goes with “Cooperation is always a must to accomplish
waste segregation.” with 4.17 in rank 4, “The easiest and less time-consuming
way of segregating is with a large group.” with 4.10 in rank 5, “Waste
management raises an awareness and unity.” with 3.97 in rank 6 and lastly, in
rank 7 “Waste management provides a review of current policies and formulating
preventive measures” with 3.82.
3. Relationship Betweeen Students’ Cooperation on Sustainable
Solutions for Solid Waste Management
Hypothesis: “There is a significant relationship between students’
cooperation on sustainable solutions for waste management.”
In other words the above hypothesis can be stated as, “ The solutions for
solid waste management will show positive correlation with the students’
cooperation obtained from the scores upon the use of research questionnaires.”
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Table 3
Classification of Variables
The variables undertaken for the present study are given serially below.
Variables Classification of Variables
Students’ Cooperation Dependent
Sustainable Solutions for Solid Independent
Waste Management
Table 3.1
Correlation Showing the Relationship Between Students’ Cooperation
on Sustainable Solutions for Solid Waste Management
Variable Pearson Degree of Decision Remarks
R Correlation
Students’Cooperation 0.33 Positively Reject Significant
on Sustainable Moderate Ho
Solution for Solid
Waste Managemnt
Table 3.1 shows the correlation of the cooperation of the students and
the solutions for solid waste management.

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As shown in the table, using Pearson-R the computed value is 0.33 the
correlation is positively moderate and the null hypothesis is rejected. Thus,
relationship is significant.
This implies that students’ cooperation is dependent on the sustainable

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CHAPTER 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
This chapter comprises the over-all account of the study which covered the
cooperation of students on sustainable solutions for solid waste management. It
includes the summary of findings, conclusions drawn from the result of the
investigation and the recommendations for other researches and studies are
presented.
Summary of Findings
The findings of the study were arranged according to the
statement of the problem. Based from the gathered data, the following findings
were derived as to:
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Most of the respondents are female with a total number of 148 or
53.62% of the total respondents. As to age of the respondents, most of them are
age of 13-14 with a total of 113 or 40.94% respondents.
2. Sustainable Solutions for Solid Waste Management
Most of the respondents observed solutions for solid waste management
and oftenly participated in public education to implement proper waste
management and obsolete and unused materails are sold to scrap dealers with
both mean of 3.64 among the rest of the solutions.

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As to the compliance of The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
of 2000 or R.A. 9003 most of the respondents oftenly comply with the law
with a mean of 3.44. Moreover, most of the repondents segregate their waste
in their classroom, oftenly with a mean of 3.94. Respondents also participate
oftenly in waste segregation in the campus with a mean of 4.01
As to the insights of the respondents regarding to the cooperation of the
sustainable solutions for solid waste management. “The best thing to consider
in segregating waste is showing the sense of unity and cooperation.” emerged
from the rest with the a mean of 4.50 indicated as Very Much True.
3. Relationship Betweeen Students’ Cooperation on Sustainable
Solutions for Solid Waste Management
There is a significant relationship between students’ cooperation on
sustainable solutions for solid waste management.
Conclusion
Based on the research findings, the following conclusions were made.
1. Majority of the respondents are female, and their age ranges from 13-14
years old.
2. The dominant sustainable solutions for solid waste management are public
education to imlpement proper waste segregation and obselete and unused
materails are sold to scrap dealers.

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3. The signifant in this study is the cooperation of the students on the
sustainable solutions for solid waste management. The respondents are
concious with the type of solution of waste management that is going to be
used, in the participation of the students.
Recommendation
In the light of conclusion made, based on the findings of the study, the
researchers recommends the following:
1. To improve the students’ participation in waste segregation, there must be a
regular evaluation or check-up of their dessignated area.
2. To the school, they should conduct campaign programs raising the awareness
of the teachers and students regarding solid waste management.
3. The school could increase the knowledge and awareness of the students about
issues surrounding waste by adapting the policies of another school through
various ways such like the students may keep on their bag their trashes and
only the leaves are the ones going to put on the trash bin.
4. Teachers must be the one to lead the proper waste segregation on the school to
motivate the students.
5. There shall also been formulated system of rules formed within the jurisdiction
of the school that contribute to the effectiveness of waste management which
the students who have authority shall implement with specific incentives as
motivation and punishments to those who will breach the implementing rules.
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6. The future researchers should recommend the use of out of school youth,
citizens and other concern agencies as their respondents because they are the
ones who are really in need of help to maintain a clean and safe environment
through waste management.

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References
Aringhieri, R.; Bruglieri, M.; Malucelli, F.; Nonato, M. A particular vehicle routing
problem in the collection and disposal of special waste. Presented at Tristan 2004,
Guadeloupe, French West Indies. 2004.
Badran, M. F.; El-Haggar, S. M. Optimization of municipal solid waste management in

Port Said - Egypt. Waste Management. 2006, Vol. 26, pp. 534-545.
Beliën, J., De Boeck, L., & Van Ackere, J. (2012). Municipal solid waste collection and
management problems: a literature review. Transportation Science, 48(1), 78-102.
Concepts for Sustainable Waste Management Partnership for Recycling(2017, November
22).GIZ Duetsche Gisellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, 2016-
2019) Retrieved from https://www.Giz.de/concepts-for-sustainable-waste-management-
partnerships-for-recycling
Bodin, L.; Mingozzi, A.; Baldacci, R.; Ball, M. The Rollon-Rolloff Vehicle Routing
Problem. Transportation Science. 2000, Vol. 34, Issue 3, pp. 271-288
Dasgupta, T. (2013). Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management of Bhopal City,

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, (11).pp.1103-1106.
David, M.J., Antalan, G.J., Soriano,J., Santos, M.L. & Jose, J.(2018). Understanding the
Significance f Waste Management: Scoping the Perspective of Callang National High
School.
Dell'Amico, M.; Righini, G.; Salani, M. A branch-and-price approach to the vehicle
routing problem with simultaneous distribution and collection. Transportation Science.
2005, Vol. 40, pp. 235-273.
Douglas, I., Alam, K., Maghenda, M., Mcdonnell, Y., McLean, L., & Campbell, J.
(2008). Unjust waters: climate change, flooding and the urban poor in Africa.
Environment and Urbanization, 20(1), 187-205.
Henry, R. K., Yongsheng, Z. & Jun, D., 2006. Municipal solid waste management
challanges in developing countries- Kenyan case study. Waste Management, Issue 26, pp.
92-100.
Kuniyal J. C., A. P. Jain and A. S. Shannigrahi., 1998: Public Involvement in Solid Waste
Management in Himalayan Trails in and Around the Valley of Flowers, India, Mountain
Forum. 24(3-4): 299-322.
Pradhan, U.M. (2009). Sustainable Solid Waste Management in a Mountain Ecosystem:
Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
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Saat, N.,Muhammad, I., Nur, A., Zawaha I., Siti, A., Nor M., Siti, N., & Muhammad,
M., (2014). Waste Management : A Qualitative Study Exploring The Perception Of
Flood Waste Management Among The Community Of Pasir Mas.
Simon, A. M. (2008). Analysis of Activities of Community Based Organizations Involved
in Solid Waste Management, Investigating Modernized Mixtures Approach: The Case of
Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania that MSC dissertation Weneningen
University and Research Centre, Wegeningen, Netherlands.
United Nations Environment Program, 2005. Solid Waste Management, s.l.: s.n.
Waste Management Awareness of It in Schools Assignments Example (2017, April 06).
Assignments Writing- Help for Students.Retrieved from
https://www.primetimeessay.com/waste-management-awareness-of-it-in-schools-
assignments-example
Zerbock Olar, 2003: Urban Solid Waste Management: Waste Reduction in Developing
Nations. Michigan Technological University. Accessed Online November 15th 2006.
http://www.cee.mtu.edu/peacecorps/documents_july03/Waste_reduction_and_i
cineration_FINAL.pdf>
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Appendix A
Letter of Permission
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Appendix B
Letter for Validation of Instruments

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Appendix C
Validation of Instrument by the Experts
Original Revised/Changed
Mutiple Choices Using Rating Scales
Do you incorporate the 4r’s principle Re-using solid wastes
reuse, reduce, recycle and refuse?
Reducing solid wastes
What do you prefer, in practicing

wastes management?
The easiest and less time-
What is the easiest way to segregate consuming way of segregating
wastes that consume less time? is with a large group
What do you think is the best to The best thing to consider in

consider in segregating wastes? segregating waste is showing
the sense of unity and
cooperation
What can you suggest to maintain the Cleaning every day is the best
segregation in our school? method to maintain the waste
segregation inside the campus
What are the benefits in segregating waste Waste segregation ensure

in our school? environmental quality
resulting in good health
What are the effects of waste management Waste management raises an

on your community? awareness and unity.
Is cooperation a must to accomplish Cooperation is always a must

segregating wastes? to accomplish waste
segregation
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Appendix D
Survey Questionnaire
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Information:
Name: Juliet Y. Agonoy
Birthdate: November 05, 2001
Address: Eden, San Manuel, Isabela
Civil Status: Single
Educational Attainment:
Elementary: Eden Integrated School (2006-2013)
Junior High School: Eden Integrated School (2013-2017)
Senior High School: Callang National High School (2017-2019)

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Name: Creslyn G. Bendillo
Birthdate: March 12, 2000
Address: Pisang, San Manuel, Isabela
Elementary: Pisang Elementary School (2006-2013)
Junior High School: Callang National High School (2013-2017)

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Name: Nazer D. Catchero
Birthdate: July 13, 2000
Address: Babanuang, San Manuel, Isabela
Elementary: Babanuang Elementary School (2006-2013)

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Name: Mark Jay David
Birthdate: January 12, 2001
Address: Nueva Era, San Manuel, Isabela
Elementary: Nueva Era Elementary School (2006-2013)
Junior High School: Sandiat National High School-Nueva Era Extension
(2013-2017)

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Name: Ken- Jay M. Descargar
Birthdate: May 21,2000
Address: District 4, San Manuel, Isabela
Elementary: San Manuel Central School (2006-2013)

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Name: John Mark C. De Guzman

52
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Name: Frenalix V. Ines

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Name: Maricar B. Seloza
Birthdate: June 24, 2000
Junior High School: : Callang National High School (2013-2017)

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Name: John Mark D. Sulio

55
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Name: Daryl S. Tamayo
Birthdate: February 24, 1999
Address: San Antonio, Roxas, Isabela
Elementary:San Antonio Elementary School (2006-2013)
(2013-2017)

56
Senior High School
Name: Rowel A. Tominez
Birthdate:July 08, 2001
Address: Nueva Era, San Manuel, Isabela
Elementary: Nueva Era Elementary School (2006-2013)
(2013-2017)

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COOPERATION ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

As indicated in the law, the collaboration of the National Solid Waste

Management Commission (NSWMC) with the its respective subordinates are

indeed necessary in order to produce Local Government Solid Waste Management

Plan which is strategically and geographically enforced in the local government

solid waste treatments in the local areas.

Waste management is one of the most used key to eradicate wastes in

a sense of cooperation to everyone not only by affected citizens of the growth of

solid wastes but also with the help of concerned citizens.

ever-shifting blurred line of waste segregation and waste management. As of the

awareness towards the waste segregation as the organization pursue to conduct

weekly evaluation in order to assess the students’ obligations such as waste

information to the expected readers in accordance to the research. The study

solutions for solid waste management.

In accordance to this, all of the generated ideas of this research undergone

researchers’ analysis questions from respected respondents. In addition, all of the

determine the significant relationship between students’ cooperation and sustainable

solutions for solid waste management.

Collection Segregation Disposal

Figure 1. Contextual Paradigm of the Study.

management foe the school.

gas emission and decrease the amount of materials in landfills by implementing

waste reduction projects in the school.

facilities, fields and respective areas of concern to cooperate to each individual in

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

This study aims to

What is the profile

Figure 2. Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This study attempted to elaborate the relationship of student’s cooperation

This study aims to seek answers to the following questions:

1) What is the profile of the student in terms of:

c) Grade level and Section

2) What are the sustainable solutions for solid waste management?

3) Is there a significant relationship between students’ cooperation and sustainable

solutions for solid waste management?

Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is to impart the students of Callang National

of Callang National High School to become responsible in patronizing solid waste

Furthermore, results of this research would be a great help to the government,

community, teachers, students and future researchers in the following manners:

effectively implement on a certain society.

for solid waste management to minimize and mitigate possible disasters.

implement solid waste management effectively.

segregate to trash and for helping the environment.

because of the information they get in this study.

There is a significant relationship between students’ cooperation on

sustainable solutions for waste management.

Scope and Delimitation

This study mainly covers students of Junior High students of Callang

technique. This study focuses to determine the significant relationship between

on October 2018. Moreover, there is an assurance that respondents of this study

Furthermore, this study gives attention for students’ cooperation on its

respondents of this investigative research specifically comprehend possible

outcomes of practicing proper waste management. Hence, suspected for more

undoubted views of the respondents.

Cooperation. It is the process of groups working or acting together for common,