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CE 415: Transportation Transportation

Engineering
Definition:
Lecture 1: Introduction to The movement of people and/or goods from one
Transportation Engineering place to another.

Definition and branches of transportation engineering

The Philippine road transport network
The Philippine railway system
The Philippine nautical highway
Air transport in the Philippines
Traffic enforcement and management

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Transportation Engineering Transportation Engineering

Planning:
As defined by the Institute of Transportation
Engineers (ITE):
PLANNING

“Transportation engineering is the application

of technology and scientific principles to the
planning, functional design, operations, and MAINTENANCE DESIGN

management of facilities for any mode of

transportation in order to provide for the safe,
rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and
environmentally-capable movement of people OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION

and goods.”

Comprehensive land use plan (CLUP) of the city of Manila

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(From: Manila CPDO)

Transportation Engineering Transportation Engineering

Design: Construction:

PLANNING PLANNING

MAINTENANCE DESIGN MAINTENANCE DESIGN

OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION

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Transportation Engineering Transportation Engineering

Operations: Maintenance:

PLANNING PLANNING

MAINTENANCE DESIGN MAINTENANCE DESIGN

OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION OPERATIONS CONSTRUCTION

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Branches of Transportation
Highway Engineering
Engineering
The four major branches of transportation Highway engineering
engineering are as follows: is the planning, design
and construction, as
well as operation of
roads, highways, and
Transportation other vehicular facilities.
Engineering
This also includes
studies for
Railway Port and transportation
Highway Airport requirements for the
systems harbor
engineering engineering
engineering engineering public as well as
secured project funding.

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Railway Systems Engineering Port and Harbor Engineering

Railway systems Port and harbor
engineering is the
planning, design and engineering deals
construction, as well with the design,
as the operation of
mass and cargo transit construction and
systems and railroads operation of
that use any fixed
guideways. harbors, canals,
This also focuses on ports, and other
building safer and various maritime
cleaner transport
networks by fields.
revitalizing existing
railway systems to
meet future demands.
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The Philippine
Airport Engineering Road Transport
Network
Airport • Total road length:
engineering deals 216,612 km (as of 2014)
with the design and • About 83% of them is
construction of paved.
airports, hangars, • About 75% of the
landing fields and government
expenditures on
other similar transportation goes to
structures. This highway systems.
also studies the • Around 80% of domestic
demands and passenger traffic and
60% freight traffic use
impact of air road as means of
movements. transport.

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Philippine Highway Network Philippine Highway Network

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Philippine Road Transport Philippine Road Transport

Network Network

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Functional Classification of DPWH Classification of

Highways Highways
Highways are classified based The Philippine Highway Act (RA 917) signed by
on two primary functions: Elpidio Quirino on June 20, 1953 and DPWH
1. Mobility – ability of traffic to Memorandum Circulars between 2009 and 2014
pass through a defined area classified the following national roads in the
in a reasonable amount of Philippines:
time. 1. National primary road
2. National secondary road
2. Accessibility/ Connectivity –
measurement of road’s 3. National tertiary road
capability to provide access 4. Other roads
to and between land use a. Provincial roads (local roads)
activities within a defined b. Municipal and city roads (local roads)
area. c. Barangay roads (local roads)
Functional classification based on proportion of service
(From: Virginia Department of Transportation – Functional d. Expressways
Classification Comprehensive Guide)
e. Bypasses
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National Primary Roads National Primary Roads

National primary roads
form parts of the main Highways numbered in a
trunk line system and pentagonal black-on-white
directly connect 3 or highway shields similar to
more major cities and Australian highway signage.
metropolitan areas with Route numbering system of
a population of at least DPWH is as follows:
100,000.
North-south backbone
1. N1 to N10 are main routes,
roads are known as the or known as priority
main trunk line and the corridor roads; these are
east-west lateral roads national primary roads that
traverse the N-S connect 3 or more cities.
backbone. 2. N11 to N82 link two cities.
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National Route 1 National Route 2

(N1) (N2)
National Route 1 (N1) is National Route 1 (N2) is
also known as the Pan- also known as the Manila
Philippine Highway and North Road (MNR,
Daang Maharlika. It is a MANOR) and MacArthur
3,517 km network of roads, Highway. It is a 500 km-
bridges and ferry services two-to-six-lane road.
that connect major island
groups of the country. Built in 1928, N2’s north
N1 north and south terminus and south terminus are in
are in Laoag, Ilocos Norte, Laoag, Ilocos Norte and
and Zamboanga City, Caloocan respectively.
respectively.
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Other National Routes near

Manila
National Secondary Roads
Route Name From To Component National secondary
Roads roads complement with
N11 Taguig Quezon City CP Garcia primary roads as access
Avenue, E. provisions to other major
Rodriguez Jr.
Ave. population centers. They
N59 Quezon City Antipolo Aurora Boulevard,
directly link smaller
Marikina-Infanta cities and provincial
Highway, capitals, airports,
Sumulong seaports and tourist
Highway centers to primary
N61 Pasay Parañaque Roxas Boulevard roads.
N62 Parañaque Cavite CP Garcia
Avenue, E.
Rodriguez Jr.
Ave. Commonwealth Avenue in Quezon City is part of a national
25 secondary road network having a designation of N170. 26

National Secondary Roads National Secondary Roads

Secondary roads have been given 3-digit numbers: N130 – Santa Mesa, Manila to Navotas (Gregorio Araneta
1. The first digit of 2nd route corresponds to the number of 1st Ave., Sgt. Emilio Rivera Ave., 5th Ave., C-3 Road)
route to which it connects. Example: N102 connects N1,
N405 connects N4.
2. If a 2nd route connects two 1st routes, the first digit of 2nd
route corresponds to the first digit of the lowest 1st route.
Example: if a 2nd route connects N3 and N4, its number is
N3xx.
3. “Major” 2nd routes have been numbered in multiples of 10
(e.g. N410, N420…)
4. Gaps have been left in the scheme to accommodate
future expansions (e.g. there may be N410, N411, N412,
and the next route is N420, leaving a gap N413-N419 for
future use.
5. Most islands have unique 1st and 2nd digits. For example,
the island of Bohol is 85, so 2nd routes are numbered as
850, 851, 852, etc. Siquijor is 86 (i.e. 860, 861, 862, etc.) 27 28

National Secondary Roads National Secondary Roads

• N130 – Santa Mesa, Manila to Navotas (Gregorio Araneta • N161 – Sta. Cruz to Sampaloc (Blumentritt Road)
Ave., Sgt. Emilio Rivera Ave., 5th Ave., C-3 Road)
• N140 – Tondo to Malate (Capulong St., Tayuman St., Lacson
• N162 – Sta. Cruz to Sampaloc (Dimasalang Street)
Ave., Quirino Ave.) • N183 – Sta. Mesa (V. Mapa Street)
• N141 – Pandacan to Pasig (Paco-Santa Mesa Rd., V. Mapa • N184 – Quezon City to Mandaluyong (Gilmore Ave.,
St., P. Sanchez, Shaw Blvd.)
Granada St., Ortigas Ave.)
• N145 – Paco to Makati (Osmeña Highway, Recto Ave.)
• N185 – Quezon City (Col. Bonny Serrano Ave.)
• N151 – Tondo to Binondo (Abad Santos Ave.)
• N155 – Ermita (TM Kalaw Ave.) Other
• N156 – Ermita to Paco (UN Ave., Quirino Ave. Ext.) * N54 – Bauang, La Union to Baguio (Kennon Rd.,
• N157 – Paco to Ermita (Padre Faura St.) Governor Pack Rd., Harrison Rd., Naguilian Rd.)
• N160 – Quezon City to Sta. Cruz (A. Bonifacio Ave.,
Blumentritt Road)
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Metro Manila Arterial Road

Kilometer Posts
System
Metro Manila has a total
road length of 4,800 km.
Major roads form
circumferential and
arterial patterns which
follows the development of
Metro Manila.

C-x – Circumferential/
coastal roads
R-x – Arterial/radial roads

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Metro Manila Arterial Road Circumferential

System Roads
Circumferential roads are numbered with C-1 as the
Original numbering scheme 1-60 for innermost and outermost is C-6.
Manila was done in 1940 under the
administration of Manuel Quezon, with a. C-1: Recto Avenue, P. Casal St., Ayala Blvd.,
numberings very similar to US Highway Finance Dr., P. Burgos Ave.
numbering system: b. C-2: Capulong St., Tayuman St., Lacson Ave.,
a. Highway 1 – Admiral Dewey Quirino Ave.
Boulevard (now Roxas Boulevard) c. C-3: C-3 Rd., 5th Ave., Sgt. E. Rivera Ave.,
b. Highway 50 – Calle Manila (now Gregorio Araneta Ave., Metro Manila
Taft Avenue) Skybridge, South Ave., Ayala Ave. Ext., Gil
Puyat Ave.
c. Highway 54 – Calle 19 de Junio
(now EDSA) d. C-4: C-4 Rd., Paterio Aquino Ave, Samson
Rd., EDSA
In 1945, as part of expansion of Manila,
city planners Louis Croft and Antonio e. C-5: NLEX-Karuhatan Link, NLEX-Mindanao
Kayanan devised a proposal of laying Ave. Link, Congressional Ave., Luzon Ave.,
10 radial roads and 5 circumferential Tandang Sora Ave., Katipunan Ave., Bonny
road, hence started the Metro Manila Serrano Ave., E. Rodriguez Ave., C.P. Garcia
Arterial Road System. Ave., C-5 Rd. Ext.
33 f. C-6: Southeast Metro Manila Expressway 34
(currently under construction)

Radial Roads Radial Roads

Radial roads are numbered R-1 through R-10, Radial roads are numbered R-1 through R-10,
and arranged in a counterclockwise pattern, and arranged in a counterclockwise pattern,
where R-1 is the southernmost and R-10 is the where R-1 is the southernmost and R-10 is the
northernmost. The radial roads never intersect northernmost. The radial roads never intersect
one another and they do not intersect C-roads one another and they do not intersect C-roads
twice. twice.
a. R-1: Bonifacio Dr., Roxas Blvd., Manila- f. R-6: Legarda St, Magsaysay Blvd., Marikina-
Cavite Expressway, Anterio Soriano Highway Infanta Highway
b. R-2: Taft Ave., Elpidio Quirino Ave., Diego g. R-7: Lerma Ave., España Blvd., Quezon Ave.,
Cera Ave., Aguinaldo Highway, Tagaytay- Elliptical Rd., Commonwealth Ave., Quirino
Talisay Rd. Highway, San Jose del Monte-Norzagaray Rd.

c. R-3: SLEX, STAR Tollway h. R-8: Quezon Blvd., A. Mendoza St.,

Dimasalang St., A. Bonifacio Ave., NLEX,
d. R-4: Pasig Line St., Kalayaan Ave., M. SCTEX,TPLEX
Concepcion Ave., Elisco Rd., Highway 2000
Phase 1 i. R-9: Rizal Ave. (Avenida Rizal), MacArthur
Highway, Pugo-Rosario Rd.
e. R-5: V. Mapa St., P. Sanchez St., Shaw Blvd.,
j. R-10: Mel Lopez Blvd. (formerly Marcos Rd.),
Pasig Blvd., Ortigas Ave. Ext., Taytay
Manila-Bataan Coastal Rd. (under
Diversion Rd., Manila East Rd. 35 36
construction)

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Philippine Expressway Network Philippine Expressway Network

The Philippine expressway network is a Presently, there are 10 expressways, labelled
controlled-access highway network (or as Ex, and 1 unnumbered expressway.
expressways) managed by DPWH. This
1. E-1: Quezon City to Rosario, La Union:
consisted of all expressways and regional high
North Luzon Expressway (NLEx), Subic-
standard highways (HSH) in the countries.
Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEx), Tarlac-
HSH provide a high level of traffic services by Pangasinan-La Union Expressway
assuring high-speed mobility to support socio- (TPLEx)
economic developments in regions they serve.
2. E-2: Makati to Batangas City: South Luzon
Expressways are classified as HSH-1, where Expressway (SLEx), Southern Tagalog
they have limited access, with interchanges and Arterial Road (STAR Tollway) and
including facilities for levying tolls for passage. Muntinlupa to Bacoor, Cavite: Muntinlupa-
Cavite Expressway (MCX)
Regional high standard highways (HSH-2)
are multi-lane arterial roads with bypasses, 3. E-3: Parañaque to Kawit, Cavite: Manila-
grade separation and service roads that Cavite Expressway (CAVITEx/Coastal
connect expressways and mostly partially- Road)
controlled.

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Philippine Expressway Network Philippine Expressway Network

There are also a number of under construction expressways in the Philippines:
1. C-5 South Link Expressway, 2020 – extension of C-5, linking C-5 to CAVITEx.
4. E-4: Olongapo to Mabalacat, Pampanga: 2. Cavite-Laguna Expressway, Dec. 2020 (CALAEx/CALAX) – linking CAVITEx
Subic-Tipo Expressway (STipEx)/Subic and SLEx.
Freeport Expressway (SFEx), SCTEx 3. Cebu-Cordova Link Expressway, 2022 (CCLEX) – connecting Cebu City and
5. E-5: Quezon City to Caloocan: NLEx Cordova, thus linking mainland Cebu island to Mactan island.
Segments 8.1 (NLEx-Mindanao Ave. Link), 4. Central Luzon Link Expressway, Jan. 2022 (CLLEX) – connecting Nueva
9 (NLEx-Karuhatan/MacArthur Highway Ecija to Tarlac (TPLEx).
Link) and 10 (NLEx-Harbor Link) 5. Metro Manila Skyway Stage 3, 2020 – completion of Skyway linking SLEx and
NLEx.
6. E-6: Parañaque to Pasay: Ninoy Aquino
International Airport Expressway (NAIAx) 6. NLEx Segments 8.1, 8.2, 9, 10, 10.1, 2019 – partially completed, linking
Mindanao Ave. to C-3 and Commonwealth Ave.
7. Unnumbered: Makati to Muntinlupa: Metro
7. NLEx Segment 10.2, 2022 – NLEx Connector Rd. linking NLEx and SLEx via
Manila Skyway System (MMSWS) Gil Puyat Ave.
8. North Luzon East Expressway, 2022 (NLEE) – linking La Mesa, Quezon City
to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija.
9. TPLEx Phase 3, 2019 – completion of link between Pangasinan and La Union.
10. Southeast Metro Manila Expressway, 2020 (SEMME) – linking Rizal, Pasig,
39 Taguig and Quezon City 40

Railway System Philippine National Railways

Currently, the country has a railway footprint only of 79 The Philippine National
km, and serving mostly transport passengers within Railways (PNR) started as
Metro Manila and Laguna. Freight transport is almost Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan
non-existent in the railway system. in 1892.
In 1875, Alfonso XII
Philippine commissioned the study of
Heavy Rail National creating a steam railway in the
Railways Philippines. Construction began
Rails
in 1887 by laying the
LRTA System cornerstone in Tutuban, and the
(Line 1, Line 2) 195-km line until Dagupan,
Light Rail Pangasinan was completed and
MRT Line 3
then opened on November 24,
1892.
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Philippine National Railways Philippine National Railways

In 1902, the Philippine In 1947, a 20-million peso
Commission passed the rehabilitation fund was allocated
legislation authorizing the 792.5 but 75% of the entire railway
km.-expansion to the south, network prior to 1941 was
which would later be known as
the South Main Line. The rehabilitated.
revitalized railway extended to In late 1950s, the locomotives
many provinces up until were converted from steam to
Legazpi, Albay. diesel engines. RA 4156 was
In 1909, the company was passed, thereby revitalizing the
renamed as Manila Railroad company and renaming it as the
Company of New Jersey. By the present-day Philippine National
end of WWII, only 452 km. were Railways.
operational.
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Philippine National Railways Philippine National Railways

The 1973 and 1975 floods
disrupted operations of the
PNR. It was then designated in
1979 as an attached agency of
the Ministry of Transportation
and Communications.
In 1988, much of the north main
line was closed. The 1993
eruption of Mayon Volcano
forced the south main line to
close, due to the destruction of
rail line and facilities.

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Philippine National Railways Philippine National Railways

Commuter stations of the PNR are as follows. Italics are either under
construction, not yet operational, or closed.
Later administrations facilitated the 1. New Clark Caloocan Muntinlupa
continuous rehabilitation of the City, 17. 5th Ave. 34. Alabang
Pampanga 18. Solis, Manila 35. Muntinlupa
PNR, culminating into the 2. Clark IA 19. Tutuban 36. San Pedro,
establishment of a railway link from 3. Clark 20. Blumentritt Laguna
New Clark City to Metro Manila 4. Angeles 21. Laong Laan 37. Pacita MG
called the North-South Metro 5. San Fernando 22. España 38. Santa Rosa
Commuter Railway. 6. Apalit 23. Santa Mesa 39. Biñan
7. Calumpit, 24. Pandacan 40. Cabuyao
In 2018, PNR re-opened the North Bulacan 25. Paco 41. Gulod
Commuter line, by launching the 8. Malolos 26. San Andres 42. Mamatid
9. Guiguinto 27. Buendia, 43. Calamba
Caloocan-Dela Rosa (Malabon) 10. Balagtas Makati
line. In May 21, 2019, it was 11. Bocaue 28. Pasay Road
announced that DMCI won the 12. Marilao 29. EDSA
contract for the construction of the 13. Meycauayan 30. Nichols,
14. Valenzuela Taguig
remaining North lines. 15. Gov. Pascual, 31. FTI
Malabon 32. Bicutan
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16. 10th Ave., 33. Sucat,

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Rapid Transit LRT Line 1

LRT Line 1, also known as
Currently, there are two Metrorail runs on 19.65 km.-rail
metropolitan rail systems serving and has 20 stations. Opened in
the Metro Manila area: December 1, 1984.
North Avenue 12. Central Terminal
1. Manila Light Rail Transit
System (MLRTS) – or LRT, 1. Roosevelt 13. United Nations
consists of two lines: 2. Balintawak 14. Pedro Gil
a. LRT Line 1 (Green (new)/ 3. Monumento 15. Quirino
formerly Yellow Line) 4. 5th Avenue 16. Vito Cruz
b. LRT Line 2 (Blue (new)/ 5. R. Papa 17. Gil Puyat
formerly Purple Line) 6. Abad Santos 18. Libertad
2. Manila Metro Rail Transit 7. Blumentritt 19. EDSA
System (MMRTS), or MRT: 8. Tayuman 20. Baclaran
a. MRT Line 3 (Yellow (new)/ 9. Bambang Redemptorist, Manila IA,
formerly Blue Line) Asia World, Ninoy Aquino,
10. Doroteo Jose Dr. Santos, Manuyo Uno,
Las Piñas, Zapote, Talaba,
11. Carriedo Niog
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LRT Line 2 MRT Line 3

LRT Line 2, also known as MRT Line 3, also known as
Megatren, runs on 16.75 km,- Metrostar Express, runs on 16.90
rail and has 11 stations. Opened km.-rail and has 13 stations.
in April 5, 2003. Opened in December 15, 1999.
Pier 4 7. Betty Go- 1. North Avenue 8. Boni
Divisoria Belmonte 2. Quezon Avenue 9. Guadalupe
Tutuban 8. Araneta 3. Kamuning 10. Buendia
Center-Cubao 4. Araneta Center- 11. Ayala
1. Recto Cubao
9. Anonas
2. Legarda 5. Santolan
3. Pureza
10. Katipunan 6. Ortigas 12. Magallanes
11. Santolan 7. Shaw 13. Taft Avenue
4. V. Mapa
Emerald Boulevard
5. J. Ruiz
Masinag
6. Gilmore 51 52

Manila-Taytay Line Makati Intra-city Subway

Manila-Taytay Line (Line 4) is a Makati Intra-city Subway (Line 5)
planned 18.4 km.-rapid transit rail is an under construction,11 km.-
which will run from V. Mapa St. underground rapid transit line
(Line 2) in Manila until SM City which will serve Makati and other
establishments. Set to finish in
Taytay. 2025.
1. Magsaysay 7. Lourdes 1. EDSA-Taft 6. Rockwell
Blvd. 8. Julia Vargas
2. Dupil 2. Ayala 7. Guadalupe
9. Meralco
3. Kalentong Triangle Line 5
10. Pasig
4. Acacia Lane 11. Bonifacio 3. Buendia 8. University of
5. Wack-Wack Ave. 4. Circuit Makati
6. EDSA Line 12. L. Wood 9. Kalayaan
4 5. Makati City
13. Taytay
Hall 10.Sampaguita
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LRT Line 6 MRT-7

LRT Line 6 is a planned 19 km.- Manila Metro Rail Transit System
rapid transit rail which will run from Line 7, or MRT-7, is an under
the LRT Line 1 south extension in construction, 22.8 km.-rapid transit
Bacoor to Dasmariñas. Cavite. It is line which will serve Quezon City
currently cancelled, due to right-of-
way issues in Aguinaldo Highway. and Bulacan. Set to finish in 2021.
1. Niog Line 6 Avenue 1. Grand Central 9. Regalado
2. Quezon 10. Mindanao
2. Tirona 7. Governor’s Memorial Avenue
3. Imus Drive 3. University Ave. 11. Quirino
4. Tandang Sora 12. Sacred Heart
4. Daang Hari 5. Don Antonio 13. Tala
5. Salitran 6. Batasan 14. San Jose del
Monte
6. Congressional 7. Manggahan
8. Doña Carmen

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PNR East-West Rail Metro Manila Subway

Manila Metro Rail Transit System Metro Manila Subway Line 9, or
Line 8, or PNR East-West Line Mega Manila Subway, is an under
and MRT-8 is a planned 9.4 km.- construction, 36 km.-underground
rapid transit line which will serve rapid transit line which will serve
Quezon City and Pasay. Set to
Manila and QC. finish in 2022 and 2025.
1. University 6. G. Araneta 1. Quirino 8. Ortigas North
Avenue Highway 9. Ortigas South
7. Banawe 2. Tandang Sora10. Kalayaan
2. Quezon 8. Welcome
Memorial 3. North Ave. 11. BGC
Rotonda 4. Quezon Ave. 12. Lawton East
3. EDSA 9. Antipolo 5. East Ave. 13. Lawton West
4. Timog 10.UST 6. Anonas 14. FTI
5. A. Roces 11.Lerma 7. Katipunan 15. NAIA 3

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Philippine Nautical Highway

The Philippine Nautical Highway System, also
known as Road Roll-on/Roll-off Terminal
System (RRTS) or RoRo, is an integrated
network of highway and vehicular ferry routes.
RoRo is a system of roads and ports developed
to connect the major islands of the Philippines.
On April 12, 2003, the 919-km nautical highway
was opened to the public as the Strong
Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH)

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Air Transportation ICAO and IATA codes

The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines • ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)
(CAAP) regulates airport and aviation operations – four-letter code designating aerodromes
in the Philippines. around the world.
In present, there are 85 airports owned by the • IATA (International Air Transport Association) –
national government and are placed into one of three-letter designating airports and
the 3 main categories: commercial airlines around the world.
• International airports
• Principal airports
• Community airports

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International Airports International Airports

Name ICAO IATA Location

International airports are capable of handling Clark International Airport (1996) RPLC CRK Mabalacat, Pampanga

international flights and have border control Mactan-Cebu International Airport (1956) RPVM CEB Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

facilities. Francisco Bangoy International Airport (1940) RPMD DVO Davao City
General Santos International Airport (1996) RPMR GES General Santos City
There are currently 11 airports in this category.
Iloilo International Airport (1982) RPVI ILO Iloilo
Kalibo International Airport (2008) RPVK KLO Kalibo, Aklan
Laoag International Airport (1941) RPLI LAO Laoag, Ilocos Norte
Ninoy Aquino International Airport (1948) RPLL MNL Pasay
Bohol-Panglao International Airport (2018) RPSP TAG Panglao, Bohol
Puerto Princesa International Airport (1942) RPVP PPS Puerto Princesa, Palawan
Subic Bay International Airport (1952) RPLB SFS Morong, Bataan
Zamboanga International Airport (1945) RPMZ ZAM Zamboanga City
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Principal Airports Principal-Class 1 Airports

Principal airports do not have border control 1. Bacolod-Silay Airport (RPVB/BCD) – Bacolod
facilities, thus, can only serve domestic 2. Bancasi Airport (RPME/BXU) – Butuan City
destinations. There are two types of public 3. Cotabato Airport (RPMC/CBO) – Maguindanao
airports: 4. Dipolog Airport (RPMG/DPL) – Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte
5. Sibulan Airport (RPVD/DGT) – Negros Oriental
1. Class 1 are capable of serving jet aircrafts 6. Laguindingan Airport (RPMY/CGY) – Misamis Oriental
with a capacity of at least 100 seats (13 7. Legazpi Airport (RPLP/LGP) – Albay
airports). 8. Naga Airport (RPUN/WNP) – Camarines Sur
2. Class 2 are capable of serving propeller 9. Pagadian Airport (RPMP/PAG) – Zamboanga del Sur
aircrafts with a capacity of at least 19 seats 10. Roxas Airport (RPVR/RXS) – Capiz
(19 airports). 11. San Jose Airport (RPUH/SJI) – Occidental Mindoro
12. Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport (RPVA/TAC) – Tacloban, Leyte
13. Tuguegarao Airport (RPUT/TUG) - Cagayan

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Principal-Class 2 Airports Community Airports

1. Evelio Javier Airport (RPVS/EUQ) – Antique
2. Loakan Airport (RPUB/BAG) – Bagiuo
3. Basco Airport (RPUO/BSO) – Batanes Community airports are used primarily for
4.
5.
Francisco B. Reyes Airport (RPVV/USU) – Coron, Palawan
Calbayog Airport (RPVC/CYP) – Samar
general aviation, such as private transport,
6. Camiguin Airport (RPMH/CGM) – Camiguin recreational flying, or as flying school for aviation
7.
8.
Catarman National Airport (RPVF/CRM) – Northern Samar
Godofredo P. Ramos Airport (RPVE/MPH) – Malay, Aklan
pilots.
9. Cuyo Airport (RPLO/CYU) – Cuyo, Palawan There are 41 airports in this category. Cauayan
10. Jolo Airport (RPMJ/JOL) – Sulu
11. Marinduque Airport (RPUW/MRQ) – Marinduque and Ozamiz Airports are community airports that
12. Moises R. Espinosa Airport (RPVJ/MBT) – Masbate also receive domestic commercial air services in
13.
14.
Ormoc Airport (RPVO/OMC) – Leyte
Sayak Airport (RPNS/IAO) – Siargao
a scheduled basis.
15. Surigao Airport (RPMS/SUG) – Surigao del Norte
16. Tugdan Airport (RPVU/TBH) – Romblon
17. Tandag Airport (RPMW/TDG) – Surigao del Sur
18. Sanga-Sanga Airport (RPMN/TWT) – Tawi-Tawi
19. Virac Airport (RPUV/VRC) - Catanduanes
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Transportation Management Road agencies

Land Transportation Office (1964)

Tanggapan ng Transportasyong-Lupa
Department of Transportation (1899)
Kagawaran ng Transportasyon
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (1987)
Road agencies Rail agencies Air agencies Sea agencies Lupon sa Pagpaprangkisa at Regulasyon ng
• LTO • PNR • CAAP • MARINA Transportasyong-Lupa
• LTFRB • LRTA • CAB • PCG
• TRB • MRTC (operation • MIAA-NAIA • PMMA
supervision only) • MCIAA • PPA Toll Regulatory Board (1977)
CPA Lupon ng Regulasyon ng Toll
Miscellaneous
• OTS
• OTC

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Rail agencies Air agencies

Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (1952)
Philippine National Railways (1892) Pangasiwaan ng Abyasyon Sibil ng Pilipinas
Pambansang Daambakal ng Pilipinas

Civil Aeronautics Board (1932)

Light Rail Transit Authority (1980) Lupon ng Aeronautika Sibil
Pangasiwaan ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan

Manila International Airport Authority (1982)

Metro Rail Transit Corporation (1995) Pangasiwaan ng Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Maynila
(Supervision of operations only, private company)

Mactan-Cebu International Airport Authority (1956)

Pangasiwaan ng Panliparang Pandaigdig ng Mactan at Cebu
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Sea agencies Miscellaneous agencies

Maritime Industry Authority (1974)
Pangasiwaan ng Industriyang Pandagat
Office for Transportation Security (2004)
Opisina para sa Seguridad ng Transportasyon
Philippine Coast Guard (1967)
Tanod Baybayin ng Pilipinas

Office of Transportation Cooperatives (1983)

Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (1820) Tanggapan para sa mga Kooperatiba ng Transportasyon
Akademya ng Pangangalakal Pandagatan ng Pilipinas

Philippine Ports Authority (1975)

Pangasiwaan ng Daungan ng Pilipinas

Cebu Ports Authority (1992)

Pangasiwaan ng mga Pantalan sa Cebu 75 76

Other government agencies Other agencies/organizations

Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority

National Center for Transportation Studies

Metro Manila Development Authority
UP Diliman, Quezon City

Philippine National Police – Traffic Management Group

Philippine Railway Institute (under development)
PNP Highway Patrol Group Valenzuela City

Transportation Science Society of the Philippines

Authority of the Freeport Area of Bataan

Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies

Bases Conversion and Development Authority

Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission Philippine Railway Engineers’ Association

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In a 2015 Global Satisfaction Survey conducted by In 2018, Japan International Cooperation Agency reported
Waze, Metro Manila is dubbed has the “worst traffic in that PH losses Php 3.5 billion a day due to traffic. In 2035, this
Southeast Asia.” could blow to up to Php 5.4 billion a day.

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https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/09/19/JICA-study-traffic-5-billion.html

On average, Metro Manila drivers spend 66 minutes traveling in

slow traffic and 24 minutes looking for parking. This is tantamount to During rush hour, traffic volume increases by up to
drivers’ personal losses amounting to Php 100,000 every year. In
comparison, Singaporean drivers spend only 30 minutes in traffic. 175%, thereby making travel time 2.3 times longer, or
This is equivalent to 16 days loss in traffic. 2.53 hours travel time. In total, this is

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https://www.rappler.com/brandrap/tech-and-innovation/188743-data-time-money-wasted-traffic-philippines https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/filipinos-spend-16-days-a-year-stuck-in-traffic-study

In 2018, MRT-3 reported a total ridership of 263,000 per

day, with an average of 8-9 trains moving. What Needs to Be Done?
1. Imposing proper incentives – increasing fuel
taxes and reducing toll fees in provincial
linkages.
2. Modernize public transport – construction of
subways, reduce relative benefits of private
vehicles while increasing their relative costs.
3. Implement congestion pricing – make vehicle
private ownership difficult, or imposing road
taxes.
4. Prioritization of high-occupancy vehicles (HOVs)
in major thoroughfares, such as EDSA’s leftmost
lanes. Single-occupancy vehicles may enter
these roads except leftmost lanes.
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https://www.rappler.com/nation/196226-mrt-ridership-february-2018

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What Needs to Be Done? What Needs to Be Done?

5. Patronizing carpooling and grab-sharing. 11.Declare Metro Manila a no-parking zone.
6. Prohibition of provincial buses coming from 12.Aside from the HOV scheme, we can reserve
the north and south from traversing EDSA, by EDSA for inner lanes and create a BRT
creating terminating points. station.
7. Revival of the odd-even scheme.
13.Improvement of public transportation system.
8. Aside from prohibition of provincial buses, is
the promotion of city buses to increase public
transport.
9. Building a subway system.
10.Relocate government agencies outside the
capital.
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