Irc 022-1986
Irc 022-1986
Irc 022-1986
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
ROAD BRIDGES
SECTION VI
COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
(First Revision)
Published by
THE JNDIAN ROADS CONGRESS
Jamnagar House, Shabjahan Road,
New Delhi-hO 011
1991
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IRC : 22-1986
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
ROAD BRIDGES
SECTION VI
COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
(First Revision)
Pbli~ht~d
by
THE INDIAN ROM)S CONGRESS
Jamnagar House, Shatijahan Road,
New Delhi-hO Oil
1991
Price Rs. 48
(Plus packing & postage)
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IRC 22- 1986
CONTENTS
SECTION VI
Composite Construction
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IRC 22-1986
COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION
The object of the Standard Specifications and Codes of
Practice published by the Indian Roads Congeress is to establish
a common procedure for the design and construction of road
hridgcs in India. This publication is meant to serve as a guide
for engineers, engaged in the desir” and or construction of road
bridges. The provisions herein shaLt be used with discretion and
care shall be taken to ensure that the stability and soundness of
the structures designed and/or constructed as per these provisions
are satisfactory.
The desigu’ ‘and construction of road bridges require an
extensive and thorough kno ledge of the science and technique
involved and should be entrusted only to specially qualified
engineers with adequate practical experience in ~ridge engineering
and capable of ensuring careful execution of work.
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IRC 22-1986
The Subcommittee held fourteen meetings on 16th and 17th
July, 8th December, 1976, 12th and 13th May, 29th and 30th Sep-
tember, 19fl, 13th and 14th March, 10th and 11th July, 26th and 27th
December, 1978, 6th and 7th July 1979, 9th and 10th April, 24th
and 25th November, 1980, 20th and 21st August 1981, 26th August,
6th to 8th December, 1982 and 2nd and 3rd March, 1983.
600. GENERAL
600.1, Scope
This code wifl apply to simply supported bridges of com-
posite construction. Where approprkite, the requirements of this
specification may be applied to other types of bridges with amend-
ments, as necessary. This code is applicable to Box-Girders
only when special considerations based on available information
have to be made.
600.2. Types
Bridges of composite section covered by this code include
the following types
(I) Reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete slab with structural steel
gliders.
(ii) Reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete slab with pie-cast
reinforced concrete o, prestressed concrete gIrders.
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IRC: 22-1986
600.3, Notations
A Area
Rb =
Area of steel at bottom
A, Area of composite girder
Ah =
Area of steel at haunch
A, =
Area of prestressing steel
A, =
Area of in-situ slab, area of steel
A,1 Area 01’ steel in longitudinal direction
=
1 = Moment of inertia
H. H1, H2, = Horizontal forces
h,h1 Depth; thickness
Depth of flange
hi Age of concrete in days
Coefficient
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IRC 22.1986
L Length
= Length of shear plane
Ultimate moment of resistance of compositesection
Modular ratio
p Pitchlspacing
Q,. = Allowable range of shear resistance per connector
Q,, Ultimate shear resistance of each connector
V = Vertical shear
Range of vertical shear
Longitudinal or horizontal shear per unit length
Range of horizontal shear per unit length
Y = Distance of the centroid of the area under consideration
from the neutral a,cis of the composite section
Load reductIon factor.
6004. Units
601. TERMINOLOGY
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iItC :22-1986
hlJL2.l, Rigid sheer connector : Rigid shear connector
consists of short length bars, stiffened angles, channels or tees
welded on to the ftange of the steel girders and derives resistance
to horizontal shear by b~aring agìinst concrete (some of this type
are shown in Fig. II. Such connectors should be provided with
anchorage devices as shown in Fig. 2,
~d) CHANNEL
SECTION
e~L
[11~ BAS~T
(b) DEVICE
A
V _T~N~
WITH
U
f-lOOPED BAkS
RIGID CONNeCTOR
~Q .I9~.TH&
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IRC 22-1986
C~) ______
Sruo b) ~LQkL
~ _____
I L~ — -r
I
Fig. 4. Anchorage connectors
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603. GENERAL STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENT
Relevant clauses regarding durability of structures as provided
in appropriate codes shall be followed.
Members which are subjected to cyclic loading shall have to
be examined for fatigue effects. Relevant clauses concerning fatigue
effect as incorporated in appropriate codes shall be referred to in
this regard.
604. DETERMINATION OF COMPOSITE SECTION
604.1. Effective flange Width
604.1.1. For the purpose of design, the effective width of
compression flange of “T-Beams” (or interior beams) and “Edge
Beams” (or exterior beams) for different type of construction may
he calculated as per Clause 305,12.2. of JRC: 21. For calculation
of deilection. however, the full width of slab may be considered
as effective.
604.2. Equivalent Section
604,2.1. For prefabricated units in reinforced concrete or
prestressed concrete, consideration shall be given to the different
moduli of elasticity of the concrete of pre-cast unit and the cast-in-
situ unit. The cast-in-situ slab shall be transformed into the corres-
ponding equivalent area of the pre-cast girder.
604.2.2. To determine the tquivalent area in service condi-
tion, the effective flange width as determined under Clause 604.1.
shall he divided by the modular ratio.
in -
Ec(s)
Where, Et (p) Modulus OP elasticity of pre-cast girder at 28 days
Er (s) = Modulus of elasticity of in-situ concrete slab at 28 days
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IRC: 22-1986
Where Eeg (p) = Modulus of elasticity of pre-cast concrete at j days
(J> 28p, and
Eel Is) = Modutus of elasticity of cast-in-situ concrete at i days
(1> 28).
Er (s)
PH ~ (~)
Where, E, Modulus of eLasticity of steel, and
Ee . Modulus of elasticity of cast-in-situ concrete at i days
3 :t. 28 days)
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IRC : 22-1986
situ slab shall not be 1es~than 0.2 per cent of the cross sectional
area (for all grades of steel).
606, DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS FOR
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
606.1. For the purpose of design, prefabricated unit shall be
considered as sustaining its self-load. Where the load of the form
work and the in-situ concrete is carried directly by the prefabri-
cated unit without adequate props, it shall also be accounted for.
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IRC: 22-1986
shall be in accordance ~ ith the stipulations made to this effect in
IRC:21 and those of structural steel shall be in accordance with the
stipulations made to this effect in IRC:24.
Increase in permissible stresses for various load combinations
shall be governed by the corresponding provisions made in IRC:21
and IRC:24.
607,4. Deflection
The deflection shall be limited to the relevant provisions of
IRC:21 and IRC:24.
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IRC : 22-1986
608,1.3. Deck stab
608.1.3.!. The deck slab shall be designed in accordance with
elastic theory to resist
(a) The effects of local bending due to loads acting directly
on it with due consideration of the dispersion of toad in accordance
with provisions of IRC:2l, and
Vi. = _____
V. Ac. Y
Where
VL The longitudinal shear per unit length at the interface in the
section under consideration.
V The vertical shear due to dead load and live load including impact
acting on the composite section.
A, The transformed compressive area of concrete above the neutral
axis of the composite section.
rhe distance from the neutral axis of the composite section to the
centroid of the area A under consideration.
I The moment of inertia of the whole transformed composite
Section
P’IoIe: I When the deck slab is cast with the girders supported by
adequate temporary props, the shear V is the total external shear
due to dead load of the deck including the girder and the live load
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IRC 12-1986
with impact. When the deck slab is cast with girders unpropped,
the shear V will be the total external shear due to dead loud added
after the concrete has attained a strength compatible to the com-
posite action assumed and the live load with impact. in the hatter
case, when the slab is supported independent of the girder system,
the shear V will be the total external shear including the self weight
of the slab.
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1RC 22-1986
shall be done in the same manner as that of a monolithic R.C.
Tee-beam. For this purpose, the properties of the composite
section may be computed in accordance with Clause 604.
609.1.3. Deck slab
609.1.3.1. The deck slab shall be designed in accordance
with elastic theory to resist
(a) The effects of local bending due to loads acting directly
on it with due consideration of the dispersion of load in accordance
with the provisions of JRC : 21, and
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IRC: 22-19g6
610.2. Design of Section for Shear
For design of section for shear the principles and procedures
as laid down in the IRC: 18 shall be followed.
610.3. Design of Section for Torsion
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iRC 22-1986
welds at permissible stress shall not be less than the shear resist-
ance of the connectors. Welding shall be in accordance with the
requirements of thc relevant Indian Standards,
611.3.2. Shear connectors for deck with R,C. slab over pre-
fabricated steel girder
(i) Rigid conr~ectorsconsist of short ength bars, stiffened angles of
Tees or channels welded on the flange of the steel fabricated units
(see Fig. I.). With a view to preventing the separation of the in-situ
slab from the prefabricated unit in the direction perpendicular to the
contact surface, some mechanical device must be provided along
with these connectors (see Fig. 2).
(ii) Flexible connectors consist of studs or angles or channels or tees
welded on the prefabricated steel unit (see Fig. 3). As the head of
the stud or the horizontal leg of the channel prevents the vertical
separation of the two units, no special device is required for these
connectors for preventing the vertical separation. But in case of
angle or tee connectors, some special device as shown in, Fig, 2 is
required for preventing the vertical separation.
611.3.3. Shear connectors for deck with R,C. or P.S.C. slab:
To resist the longitudinal shear at the interface of in-situ slab and
prefi~bricatcd girder, bond or anchorage type shear connectors
consisting of mild steel or HYSD bars shall be provided (see
Fig. 4), The top of the flange shall be made rough for etlective
bonding. Sufficient number of ties shall be provided to prevent
separation of the two units in the direction perpendicular to thc
contact surface.
v - I
Where, V Range of vertical shear i.e. the difference between the maximum
and minimum shear envelope due to live load and impact.
Vr =. Range of horizontal shear per unit length
Ar Area of transformed section on one side of the interface
V The distance of the centroid of the area under consideration from
the neutral axis of the composite section
I Moment of inerti:t of the composite section
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IP.C : 22-1986
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IRC : 22-1986
Cube (characteristic) strength of concrete (MPa)
= Modulus of Elasticity of concrete MPa)
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IRC :221986
Where
V Vertical shear due to dead load placed after composite section is
=
611.4.2. Shear connectors for deck with R.C. or P.S.C. slab and
R.C. or PS.C. prefabricated girder
611.4.2.1. The load factor for design of shear connectors
under ultimate load shall be 1.5 for dead load and 2.5 for live
load. The dead load to be taken for calculating the ultimate
horizontal shear shall be the dead load operating after composite
action is effective.
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IRC 22.1986
Clause 611.4.1.3.3. by calculating ultimate vertical shear with
the above mentioned load factors.
kN
A, The cross-sectional area of the anchorage connector mm’
=
p
VL
Where,
P = Spacing of shear connectors
Q~. Ultimate shear resistance of each connector
=
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IRC: 22-1986
0 0 iO
2. i
3 3,
(ci) (go)
(c) (d)
101
IolL~
~Jl®I
(~) cc)
Fig. 5. Shear planes (typical)
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IRC : 22-1986
611.5.2. 1’rans~ersereinforcement
611.5.2.1. Shear planes i.e. the surfaces on which longitudinal
shear failure can take place in in-situ slab of composite beam in
the process of transfer of longitudinal shear from the girder to
the slab, are of four main types as shown in, Fig. 5. Sufficient
transverse reinforcement shall be provided with a view to trans-
fer longitudinal shear from the girdei’ to the effective width of the
slab. The area of transverse reinforcement per unit length of
beam will be the sum total of all the reinforcement (At, As 1)1’
As as shown itt, Fig. 6) which are intersected by the shear plane and
are fully anchored on both sides of the shear plane considered.
Where,
A~,L1 and ~ are as defIned in Clause 611.5.1.
(b) Across shear plane 1—1 where I... = he, not less than 50 per cent of
A~ should be provided near the bottom of the slab as A~. Where
the length of shear plane around the connector I plane 2 —2 in Fig.
6 (a) J is less than twice the thickness of the slab, transverse rein-
forcement in addition to that required for flexure should be provided
in the bottom of the slab to prevent longitudinal splitting around the
connectors.
The cross-sectional area of this additional reinforcement per unit
length of beam must not be less than 0.8 Sh, / a~.
This additional reinforcement need not be provided if the minimum
compressive force per unit length of beam acting normal to and over
the surface of shear plane is greater than 1.4 Sh,,.
(c) The cross-sectional area of transverse reinforcement, ~, in a haunch
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II(C 22-1986
4ar~At
Top
8ollom bor,Aa
2’
‘0
10 ~,
HAUNCH BAR -
A
6
4
10
612. DETAILING
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IRC 22-1986
Precast girder
Fig. 8
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(mm) IRC 22-1986
d 25 mm ~
Automai’IC
L h jsd Stu4 weld
~ 100 mm
(ci) STUD CONNE.CTOR
25 mm
I
h ~oomJ 25 mm (mrn)
— 6mm (mm)
Weld to develop fille+ weld
The lensite sfren
9+h
of The hoop bar
(6) ANGLE/ChANNEL C0tJNECTOR
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1RC 22-1986
anchored in the concrete between the edge of the slab and the
adjacent row of connectors.
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IRC: 22-1986
612.4. SpacIng of Shear Connectors
612.4.1. General
612.4.1.1. The shear connectors shall be provided throughout
the length of the beam and may be uniformly spaced between
critical cross-sections.
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IRC : 22-1986
4) ANGLE C0NNEC1O~
(C) STUID COMNEC~ORt~4 (c
HNC~4ED %EAM iN HAUNCHED 8~AM
J I.
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IRC 22-1986
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