IRC 83 - (Part-II) - 1987
IRC 83 - (Part-II) - 1987
IRC 83 - (Part-II) - 1987
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
ROAD BRIDGES
SECTION: IX
BEARINGS
PARF II: ELASfOMERIC BE1RI~GS~
<<
tRC U (Put 11)4W
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
ROAD BRIDGES
SECTION ~ IX
BEARINGS
PART II: ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS
P~iblishedby
THE INDIAN ROADS CONCRi~SS
Jamnagar House, ShahJahan Road,
New DeIhI4IO 011
I99~
Price Rs. I
(Plus Packing & Postage)
<<
IRC $3 (Pan 1Q-1907
CONTENTS
Page No.
Introduction 1
912. Scope 2
913. Terminology 2
914. Notations 4
915. Materials $
916. Design S
9,7. Fabrication 11
918. Acceptance Specification 13
919. Certification and Marking 19
920. Installation 20
921 Mainte nance 22
Appendix 1: Standard Plan Dimensions and
Design Data 23
Appendix 2: Test on Complete Bearings
or Sections 24
Appendix 3: Quality Control Report 29
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l}tC : 83 tI’art ll)-195I
BEARINGS
Part II: ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS
INTRODUCTION
[he Subo~ti in flee for jire paring St: ndard Specifications and
( ode nt Practice for Bridge Bearings and Expansion Joints
(personnel given below), finalised the Code of Practice for Elasto-
ineric. Bearings Part II, in their meeting held at New Delhi on the
4th April, 1987.
IS, I3assi C’onrenor
..
A D. Narain %lem/,er-Secs’eiarv
,.
MEMBERS
BK. Bassi Achyut Ghosh
iN. Chaudda D.T. Grover
S,P. Chakrahorti Brijendra Singh
V.P. Deshpandc Dr. P. Ray Choudhury
AK. Gupta Dr. TN. Subba Rao
P.S. Gokhale Secretary, IRC (Ninan Koshi)’Ex-oflicio
President, IRC and Dircctor General (Road Development) & AddI.
Secretary to the Govt. of India ~K.K. Sarin)—Ex-offleio
The Bridgcs Committee considered and approved the said
draft in their meeting held at New Delhi on the 28th April, 1987.
Later the Code of Practice was approved by the Executive
Committee and the Council in their meetings held on the 28tl[
April, and 22nd May, 1987 respectively.
This Specification and Code of Practice is being brought out
iii tour parts, Part I deals with Metallic Bearings, Part II with
Elastonieric Bearings, Part Ill with PTFE Bearings, and Part IV
with Expansion Joints.
The Part I of thc Code relating to Mctallic Bearings has since
been published as IRC:83-1982.
The provisions of this Code Part II, pertain~ u Elastomeric
Bearings are meant to serve as a guide to bc ‘“ toe design and
construction engineers, but mere compliance with the provisions
stipulated herein will not relieve them in any way of their respon-
sibility for the overall stability and soundness of the structure
designed and erected.
Clauses 900 to 911 and Figs. 1 to 7 relating to Part I
Metallic Bearings of this Code are printed in IRC: 83-1982.
<< 1
IRC 8i (Part l1)-1981
912. SCOPE
912,1, This Section of the Specifications(referred to as ‘Code’
hereinafter) shall apply to laminated rectangular free elastomeric
bearings, Fig. 8, for common use in road bridges and satisfying
the following:
(i) The internal layers of elastomer shall be of equal thickness, hasing
elastomer cover on top, bottom and sides and the entire bearing
vulcanised as a single homogenous block.
(ii) The top and bottom elastomer surfaces shall directly bear on the
structure faces and any displacement of the bearing safe-guarded by
only interface friction, without the aid of adhesive or other external
anchoring devices.
(iii) No dowel holes in elastomer and laminate shall be provided including
those filled in subsequently.
(vi) For locations where the minimum atmospheric temperature drops
below zero ‘C for continuous periods of 24 hours or more, the provi~
sion of this Code shall not apply.
913. TERMINOLOGY
913.1. CrystiHiastion
A phase change in elastomer (arrangement of previously
disordered polymer segments of repeating patterns into geometric
symmetry) promoted by very low temperature and marked by
large and quick changes in hardness, stiffness, shear modulus, etc.
which are reversible.
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IP,C: 83 (Part U).1987
after vulcanisation and possessing rubber like-properties, es-
peciaNy the ability to regain shape almost completely after large
deformation.
913.4. Elaatomerk Bearing
A bearing consisting of one or more internal layers ot’
elastomer bonded to internal steel laminates by the process of
vtilcanisation. The bearing caters for translation and/or rotation
of the superstructure by elastic deformation.
913.5. Engineer
The Engineer-in-Charge, official of the highway administra-
tion, responsible for the execution of the bridge project and so
designated in the contract or his authorised representative.
913.6. Inspector
Authorised representative of the engineer for acceptance
testing of given lots of bearings at the manufacturers’ plant.
913.7. LamInate
A layer ot’ reinforcing material integrally bonded to
elastorner during vulcanisation process, to restrain thc lateral
expansion ot’the clastomer.
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IRC : 83 (Part ll)-19$7
914. NOTATIONS
A ~‘ / b .—effective plan area of bearing excluding cover common
to that of laminate
b effective width of bearing (excluding cover) common to that of
laminate, Fig. 8
bt’ -= b + 2c, overall width of bearing (including coven, Fig. 8
c side cover, Fig. 8
denotes design value
E elastic modulus (modulus of longitudinal deformation) of stecif
concrete in supcr$truCIure
Apparent elastic modulus of bearing
Elastic modulus (instantaneous) of concrete
Equivalent elastic modulus of concrete in supeestructure accoun~
ting for creep, shrinkage, etc.
Shear modulus
Outer d~mension
n.h~+ ?h, total elastomer thicl,ncss
‘Is thickness of Individual internal layer of elastomer, Fig. 8
= thickness of top/bottom outer laycr of elastomer. Fig 8
~ h,~..’s = maximum and minimum values of I, permitted
hi = thickness of steel laminate, Fig. S
Ifs Horizonal load acting on the bearing, design value
maximum horizontal load used in acceptance testing
(AjipeiidiX 2)
I = moment of inertia of superstructure section
I effective length of bearing (excluding cover) common to that of
laminate, Fig. 8
1. — I + 2 c, overall length of bearing
L = span length of superstructure measured between centre lines Of
bearings
maximum mid-span bending moment lnsuperstructure
n total number of internal elastomer layers
~V,ie, fl,,,Iø = maximum and minimum permiesible number of internal
elastomer layers
normal load applied to the bearing, design value
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IRC: 83 (Part 11)4987
~1
C—.
C-,
PLAN i~a~
T
ThANSLAT ION
ROTAr#ONO, M4 INTCRWAt.
ELA5TOMER LAY!R
Fig. L E~actomer~c
bearing General features
<< 6
IRC : 83 (Part II)-~l987
915,1.3. The polychioroprene content of the bearing shall
not be lower than 60 per cent and the ash content shall not
exceed 5%. Polychioroprene content shall be determined in
accordance vith ASTM-D297 and ash content as per IS:3400-
pt XXII (year 1984).
915.1.4. EPDM and other similar candidate elastomera for
bridge bearing use shall not be permitted.
915.1.5. Polymer identification test shall be carried out as
per ASTM D3177 by infrared spectro photometry and,the spectra
shall be comparable to a reference sample of polychloroprene.
915.2. Propes-tks
The elastomer shall conform to all the propcrt~csspecified in
Table 1,
TABLE 1. (Refer Clause 915.2)
PRoPERTIes oc ELA5TOMER
I. Physical properties
1.1, I~Iardneis IRHD IS: 3400(Part II) 60 ±5
1.2. Minimum tensile
Strength MPa IS 3400 (Part 1) 17
1.3. Minimum elonga-
tion at break % IS: 3400 (Part I) 400
2. Maximum
compression set % IS: 3400 (Part X)
duration tethperature
(h) (CC)
C.R. (+0 100±1 35
to 24.2)
916. DESIGN
916, I. The following design valnes of local effects applicable
to bearing under design shall be deterntincd by sttita hic analysis of
structure under any critical combination of loads at their service
voines as specified in IRC 6.
(I) Normal loads Ne
(2,t Horizontal load Ff~
(3) Imposed translation :.
(41 Rotation ~e
Components both in the direction cf the width ‘b and length
‘/‘ of Ihe hca ring shall be assessed, where relevant.
<< 8
IRC 83 (Part I1)~l987
I imits gis’cn in design critc ~ia 91 6.3.3. to 916.3.7. shall b~ nutdc for
916.3.5, Rotstion
(1) The number of elastomer layers provided shall satisfy the
following:
ad ~ Pt. ab,~
0.5 ~rn hi
where a~= asa and ass, ~ = b.S2
or in case of ant co-existing
— (asa b + ata l)(b
.
= 7: MP,~
= 0.5 (.4—’)
where csii co-CXjStS
2~ H- R
(b
917. FABRICATION
917. 1. Bearing with steel laminates shall be cast as single
unit in a mould and vulcanised under heat and pressure. The
mould will be kept at a uniform temperature for 15 minutes to
ensure effective vulcanization of the bearing.
Casting of elements in separate units and subsequent bonding
is not permitted, nor shall cutting from large size cast be permit-
ted.
ITEMS TOLERANCES
1. Overall plan dimensions (I~,,ho) —0, + 6 mm
2. Total bearing thickness (h1) —0, ~s-5’~,
3. Parallelism
(a) Of top surface of bearing with respect to the tin 200
bottom surface as datum
(b) Of one side surface with respect to the other 1 in 100
as datu,m
4. (a) Thickness of individual internal layer ±20% ln:axs of 2 mm)
of elastomer tht)
(b) Thlck~ssof individual outer layer (hn) —0, + 1 mm
5. (a) Plan dimensions of laminates (I,b) —3 mm, + 0
(b) Thickness of lamIqate ±10%
(c) Parallelism of laminate with respect to I in 100
bearing ban as datum
917.8. The vulcanising equipment/press should be such that
between the plattens of the press the pressure and temperature are
uniform and capable of being maintained at constant values as
required for effecting an unifbrm vulcanisation of the bearing.
917.9. The thoulding dies utilised for manufacturing the
bearings should be so set inside the platten of the press so that the
pressure developed during vulcanisation of the product is evenly
distributed and the thickness maintained at all places are within
acceptable tolerance limits taking into consideration, the shrinkage
allowance of vulcanizate,
<< 12
tkC 83 (Part 11)1987
91 I
~. All acceptance and process control tests shall
,,
<< 13
IRC :83 tPart ll).l98~
918.2. Acceptamce Lot
A lot under acceptance shall compmisc all hearings, i~ludin~
the pair of extra test bearings where applicable (Clausc
918.3.1), of equal or near equal size produced under identical
conditions of manufacture to be supplied for a particular project.
9l~.4. Testing
Acceptance testing shall conipri~c
General inspection
Test on specially moulded test pieces
Test on complete bearings or sections for measurement of various
quality characteristics detailed below
9 18.4.1. Acceptance testing le~elI
9i8.4.1.l. General inspection
(1) All bearings of the lot shall be isuatly inspected for
absence of any defects in surface finish; shape or any other disce-
rnible superficial defects.
<< 15
IRC: 83 (Part LI;-! 981
<< 16
11W 83 (Part 11)-f 987
(3) Acceptance testing on test pieces prepared from the surface or body
of the test bearings instead of specially moulded test pieces.
(4) Acceptance tests not covered by this Code and according to the
specifications laid down by the engineer.
17
<<
YRC : 83 (Part 11)-1987
918.6; InspectIon Certificate-
918.6.1. A lot under inspection shall be accepted by the
inspector and so ceytifled, when no defect is found ‘with’ respect
to any of the quality characteristics tested on samples drawn from
the lot according to specifications laid down in Clause 918.4.
covering general inspection and tests on specially moulded test
pieces and on complete bearings.
<< 18
lItC 83 (Part 11)4987
918.7.1
- A higher level certification of the process quality
control shall be called for at the sole discretion of the engineer in
special cases e.g. where adequate historical information about the
process from acceptance inspection of bearings similar to those
comprising the lot under inspection produced in the sante plant jS
not available with the engineer or in case of any evidence of process
or acceptance control being deemed unsatisfactory. The higher
level certification shall comprise submittal of a complete quality
control report as given in Appendix 3, supplementing the quality
control certificate.
918.8. Acceptance
918.8.1. The manufacturer shall furnish the following to
engineer for the acceptance judgenient:
(1) Quality control certificate as laid down in Clause 918,7.
(2) inspection cç,rtitIcate as laid down in Ctausç 918.6.
918.8.2. The manufacturer shall furnish any supplementary
information on the system of quality control and or process and
acceptance control testing as may be deemed necessaty by
engineer.
<< 19
IRC 83 (Part II)-1987
919.2. An information card giving the following d~ails for
the bearings, duly certified by the manufacturer shall also be
appended:
Name of manufacturer
Date of manufacture
Etastomer grade used
Bearing dimensions
Production batch No.
Acceptance lot No.
Date of testing
Specific bridge location, if any
Explanation of markings used on the bearing
919.3. All bearings shall have suitable index markings
identifying the information given in Clause 919.2. The markings
shall be niade in indelible ink or flexible paint and if practicable
should he oftsiblc after installation, The top of the bearing and
direction installation shall be indicated.
920. INSTALLATION
920,1. Care shall be taken in packing, transportation,
storage and handling to avoid any mechanical damage, contamina-
tion with oil, grease and dirt, undue exposure to sunlight and
we athe r -,
9914 1 Drstgn shall hit chr fred I it tIn. aLtn~tl mit ltnthon
1 ting
I 1 in tecut ~ c, th ito tho~ N ifteml in Cli ni r. 9 0 I
itt pr r
I
<< 20
lkc g3 tPart fh.1987
I~o *i~,_
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<< 21
1RC 8~(Part 11)498’?
shall also fit the bearings snugly and prevent any leakage of
mortar grout. Any mortar .contamina!ing the bearings during
concreting shall be completely removed before setting.
921. MAINTENANCE
921 .1. The bearings shall be subjected to planned main-.
tenancc care.
<< 22
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23
IRC 83 (Part 11 ,-l987
4,’prm/’v 2
8.1. Scope
The test shall determine the value of shear modulus G ttnder specitied
short term loading.
8.2. Test Piece
Tvio test bearings.
8.3. Test Procedure
8.3,1. Test assembly- as in Fig. IOta)
8.3.2. Conditioning toad Bearings shall he preloadcd -with maximum
horizontal load flier (with N~~t held constant) and unloaded before test
loading.
held constant durihg test and the horizontal loading H shall he gradually
increased to yield a shear stress rate of approximately 0.05 to 0.1 MFa per
minute.
ILAI
2H
H I’O *5
‘LAS
0.
2~
I
10
S
I b) St4tAR STRESS %T*AI~ CURVE AND 0
Fig. 10~Deterinin~itionof shear modulus
<< 25
IRC : 83 (Part II)-1987
N TO BE GRADUALLY INCREASEJ) JQ
N test (e m=20 MPo RATE 0.5
TO LO MPo/MIN.)
TOP PLATEN
BEARINO -~A
CONCRETE SHEARING
BLOCK
BARING-B
BOTTOM PLATEN
BEARING——B A
22
20 L BEARING
E 16
U,
U,
LX
6
LI 14
LI
U, 12
LI
or
Li
— 10
0
U
B
2
o s 10 15 20 25 30 ~5 40 45 50 55
tsE
STRAIN
~rn N/A
C =o H/h Ah ~RTICAL COMPRESSIVE DEFLECTION
La ~ (MEAN OF VALUES MEASURED AT FOUR FOOLS)
Np.,t ~ :SteP.)
0
LOADS.
PLATE
SM
$ **AOu*LtY
i$CflA$EO TO
M tnt
11.4, Evaluation
Examine the test pieces for evidence of cracking or peeling both in the
strained and unstrained state.
11.5, Acceptance Criteria
if neither test piece shows evidcnce of peeling or separation at or near
the interface between rubber and reinforcement layers the bearing shall be
deemed to have satisfactory adhesion.
12, Test for Determination of Ultimate Compresslie Strength
The test pieces are to be loaded either till the failure of the steel laminate
or till the irreversible squeezing out of elastomer whichever is earlier. The test
assembly and the test pieces may be identical to Clause 8, However a small
section (not less than 100 x 200 mm) cut front test bearin,g and testing to failure
by placing directly between the plaIts of the testing machine shall also be permit~
ted, The rate of loading shall not exceed 10 MFa per minute. The result of the
teat shalL be deemed satisfactory if the o,,, at failure. is not less than 60 MIa,
<< 28
IRC : 83 (Part ll)-l987
Appendix 3
<< 29