Sol PDF
Sol PDF
Sol PDF
@physicswallahalakhpandey
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+'
(x)
a
a Exercise- I : Only One Correct Answer 282
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413-421
422-428
iii:t,:i
:' :t: ,,
;l .:: : i,,,:I ::
Functionsi L
Sincef12+t)=f(2-t)
Function is symmetric about the line r =2
=
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,2 <x <2n
=1:I
8(r)=0;0<r<n
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o. -{2Y
Hence.
\ 2y )1,,,,,
Now, max. value -lT)' o..rr= at y - - l and is equal to
-1-
4
p.-J=rg Ans.
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4 GRB Problems in Calcultts (Hints & Solutions)
=12 .o,,
I
l=li'
t+nz))
-, .".[#) = t,. *.i.r#)l' -, .".(#)
"/x-n\
=1+cos'l-l
\2i )
Clearly, period of f(x) = ,-U
=rn'
2n2
9. fk)=(lnx)2+31nr+2
( 3 -1
Inx=rxe lo,e .l-r.l--, -3 I 1
\l\ T)
f(x) =t2 +3t +2
'f(x)=ir*9\'*z-?
\ 2) 4
' ftxt=lr*3)'-'-
\ 2) 4
.'. Range of ftxti. [ -1, -
l4' I
)
qo
l'txt =-]when t = :t
, lrt x = --t = x. = g-3/z
4 22=
Graph of f(x
Now,y=(ln*)2 +3lnr+2
(1nr)2 +3ln x+2-y=g
3t,E-4t2-y)
v -3t[+y*1
ln-t= =
2
+1
lnr= -B -.,14y
-3- +1
/is[r,, ,
^,i4y
:=) x=e 2
[...oo-ui,or ]
-3-.,!4r.+L
|-1 -(x)=e
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5
Functions
, I -\
+ '' zJz
Jz. sin
I0. '/r1t= - ;- lr )*
t"rom- 1 to 1
... f - Range of function =fnE,3.tEl.Clearly, /will be one-one also, if
=U,r_n] Ans.
"
.r2*-r*,'
11. Let "t'= l--
xz+Zx+r
-? (y-1) x2 +('2Y -1)r+c(ry-1) =0
As r is real, so D >0.
= Qy - 1)2 > 4c (y _ t)2
...(i)
= 4(c -1)Y2 + 4(l-2c)Y+(4c -1)S0
But we are given
a0 +12v2 -28 v+15 So ...(ii)
(6y - 5) Qy -$
getc -l =L-2c = 15-l
4c
.'. On comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii) ' we J
3
c=4 Ans.
12. lt f(x) is surjective then range of f(x) must be [0, -)'
2 4x + h +1+ 10 e [1, *)
.'. Range of aiSr -
= Range of 3x2 - 4x + fr + 1in [0, -)
D=0
l0 -t2 (ft +1) =0
4-3h-3=0
-1
k-- Ans.
o
J
,5. r"c,[+ .
,l
tog2trtx)l =
],* [, rffi]
= f(x) =L * x'
'f(x)=1 110" =1001
+ +10 " = 1000 + Positive sign must be taken and n = 3
f(x) =1 + r3
f(x)=1 +(20)3 =800L Ans.
16. r=2sin21,y=2cos20
f(x' Y)
, -';--;il;*"'
.'. Range of f(x, y) is [2, 6] . Ans.
[ r<-1
''
17. Let fk) =1, - 2l- l* + 1l = l1 - Zx; - l< x < 2
|. -u' x>2
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Functions
rxz
f(r)rr"- =o-b
Hence, K = 5. Ans.
il 1l)
1
x*2,-4,-6
lx+21-31=ss"lt-1.
\ x'Z +1-l,)
2
ltr
-11
llx +21-31=1=lx +21ll-3=+1
t-
= lx +2|1=4,2
+ X *2 =+ 4,+2
x=2,-4,0,-l-66 Ans.
=
20. (p' - 4) (p' -9)= o= p = L2, !Irf-rf
lY-'1=o=2ap<4
lel _.1
lzp-\=0=)2P-1=n,'L.NCI
n
n+l
,2
I)=-
21.
[1bl)
'cll 1.1].J='
1+x2 <15=*2 <14
.'. Number ofintegral values of x ate 7 . Ans.
22. slx)= 1t.r-' lrl+ 1 =sgn{S(r)} = 1
2
sin23r -cos22x=l
sin23 r =1 + cos22 r which is possible if sin r =1 and cos'r = 0'
sinr=]lrx=2nfi+:2
Hence,-10n 32nn*!<ZOn
2
--2122<zn<9
--2744<n<ry=-5 <n<9
Hence, number ofvalues ofr = 15. Ans.
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B GRB Proble ms in Calcultts (Hints & Solutions\
1
J_
*4 -r2 _x
23.
." -*t - .r''e^1
+2-
x3
x- 1
x- 1
.r x 1
=-6 Ans.
(*-7]'*r+1+Bf'-1) 3(, -1)*s(,- 'l
\ r/ \ x) x) \ x)
24. x =a-lxl3*xeI
o=*3 +*
7 i
Io=I.'*I.=l 17x8\2 *
,2 L9 =784 +28 =812 ;tlrs.
r I r-I \ /I 2
,l
=lrrj
r-
+x+t/x'+7-x-t2 Jr'*r
\2
J
-x"
o
ll+ x',)l ]l l^
t-
l' r * 2"
l t1+ eex'z.]l
=1(00 {rl) ('.' {r +,m] ={xl,meI)
f(J5) = roo) (0.7 32) = /,1 o.z
.2
Ans.
tf(."6ll = 7.)
I.)
t)
28. A A
Ans.
fof:A-->A
29.
2o
.,f, - ,f' x<-5
r+]" -5<r<-1
30. /(r) = (p - 7) ( l1- r l+ l1 +rl) -1Sr<1
x +6 l<x<5
3-xZ x>5
x 2o-o -v1-5=x)_.5
-x+x -5<-x<-L+1<r<5
f{- x) = Q-7)(11+rl+ 11 -rl) -1<x<l
-x+6 1<-r<-1
J-X x<-5
0 x<-5
)" +6 -5<.r<-r
f@) + f(- x) = -2$-D(11 -tr1+11+rl) -1<r<1
)" +6 7<x<5
0 x>5
For f(r) to be an odd function
f(x)+f(.-x)=0Vre-R
)" = -6 andp = 7,+(X+pr) = -6 +7 =l Ans.
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lq_
ffi
GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
From graph
/(r) is one-one, -l < f(x) <l
B(r) is one-one, - 1 < g(r) < 1
Thus /{g(r)} and s{fk)l both will be one-one.
I
f tS(xll = ltan-r {grxt}
7t
-1<g(r)<1
n
--J'q trurr-l {g(rt} <
4-4
_l .?run-r {gtxt) . -] tnr. /og is into.
2 n2
_ f(x)
s{fQ)} = (t\ " kt as-1<f(x)<1
"f(x)
* s-f
"f
(n' -o' ei +e I )
s{fQ)} e
L _,- , p+e 1 l, thus golis also into. Ans.
\e -e )
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Functions 11
Ans.
^ (x+1)2
l(x)= nowproceed.
Paragraph for ^
Question Nos. 3 to 5
8-76-54-321
(1) Atr=5.12=f(x)=x-4
Now, f(5.12 ) = 5.12 - 4 =7.12
lf 6.tz)l =0.72 = {/ (788)} Ans.
(2) Atx = 9, centre ofthe circle lies on f(x) = x _ 8,then/(9) = 1
So, centre is (9, 1) and radius = 1
Hence, required equation of circle isr2 + y2 -llx -2y + 81 = 0
(3)
(ii)Ifg =2,9=3then
- l2x+2, r>-1
f(xt = l^ +3' x<-1
1or2
Ans.
So, range of f(x) e [0, -; =Range ofg{/(r)} =14,121
(iii) For r e [1, 3] and cr = 3
Now, f(r) + g(x) =72
) Bx=E-*=2 t)
Ans.
J2 diu *l
P
ts
= CP = CQ = ji tnl1o - x)
f- I
Area of segment f(x) = a2 -t'F2a - x)2. *.ll3- , Jzol, LJ' .l
i.e. f :[0,
^li al -+10, a2)
a(_;a
J2
1x 1a
, til<a ..12
f(x) < a2
o',a<f 1(x)<nli,
,12
=+ lJia-f-ri)12 =a2 -x
+ nll
"- f-'lil =t E=
+ f '(*)=Jio+x@;
Neglecting positive sign since , ,-, G) < J2 a
#
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Functions 15
f(x)=Ji"-
2
o <x <9-
2
2
A--2
2
-1f40
Hence, domain of f -1(r) is r e [0, o2 ].
For a =2
^.
t\w'
/(r)
[*2.
=..1
osx<,,ti
l+-eJz -x)2, Ji 3x<2
-'^ , liG, o <r <2
'-'-lrJr-F-x, Ji<x<2
r---.
DomainorJ/-'(il - f(x) is when f-r(x) - f(r) > 0.
CaseI z03x<Ji-
G -*'>o
=+ JI tt - *3/2) >o
=+ 0 Sr S1
CaseIIzJ2<x<2
(x) = Ji i.e.,f -r (*) e [21/n , J2]
f
-1
t "12
2
l,n, g<vaa
2
/-1{xl = 1
o2,
la"-xF=. I
2
-<N<Q"
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16 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
(i) y = f(f(f(.e@))))
From the graph it is clear that domain of g(r) is [0, *) and range of g(r) is
[-1, -).
fI(f(g(x))))
I
[0, -1 I l,-) [0. -) [2, -)
Hence, range of fffff@(x)))) is [2 , -). Ans.
(ii) For the domain of y = S(S(S(f(r))))
e@(f(x))) e [0, -)
::) g(fk)) € (1, ".)
= f@) e 12, *)
=) re [1,-)
(iii) 'Ihe solution of equation f(x) = g(r) is sarne as solution of the equation /(r) = r.
(r - 1)3
= *2 *2*+7=4(x_2)
= *' *6x +9 =0
= (x-3)2 =0
:= X=3 Ans.
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Functions
7i
) Pl=L
6
a.lo.!l
'6-]
\
Case2:If&<0
f(4) >0
48k+8+4(1-3fr)>0
= t2 +36k>0
= 1r.1.. a.
3 [],
L3 )
o)
6b-3a=1-(-1)=2 Ans.
_1
(rtt) h r o
-..)
g(r)= -x2 +2x+B
Range of g(r) is
whenxeA
:-l- 2, - 1) u [3, 4)
[0, 5) Ans.
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1B GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Ans.
, (A)-1<lxl-7<4
=0 <lrl< 5=-5 <r <5
(B)/(lrl+1)
Range of f (lxl + 1) is [0,21
- xel-4,4) Ans.
oo
J. f(xt= 4+r-+r*
:;S(r)=9+x2; h(x)=-*2 -3* +h
(A) Range of / is (0, 81
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Fun<'tions
19
4. /(r) = 10 {r}
Now, verify the options- Ans.
(c) suppose / is not one-one then there are atleast two real numbers
x17 x 2, e R, x1 I r, such that f(r1 ) = f(x 2)
s{f@)l = s{f(x2)}
i.e.,gof isnot one-one which is a contradiction to the given hypothesis that gof
is one-one.
Hence, / must be one-one.
(D) Clearly, total number of functions from A to B =2 x2 x2 = B. Ans.
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20 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
8. (A)sgn(lr] +1)=1VreR.
(B) sin2 (ln r) + cos2 (ln r) = 1 V x e R+ .
,
(C)irsin
7T
' {r}
LJ * cos-t {r}r=1v;u e R.
andf(x) = ax + b . .. (ii)
Now in order that (i) and (ii) coincide
1
A=- ...(i)
d
!=-b ...(ii)
ct
1a = 1 or - 1
tr'rom (i), a2 =L
Ifa=-1,b=b=beR
Ifa=*1,then2b=0+b=0
Hence, (- 1, .R), (1, 0). Ans.
10. (A) We have / : A --> B,
g:B --sC
and gof : A --> C
#
(Rlr ) r --l--f-
./\/r->.----.----+\
)
t----r-:--=--=--,
f(6\=fGil=-81
andf*i. =-81
Now. verify alternatives' Ans.
12. See graph y=f(il=llrr-4x+81- 2.,t=* is a horizontal line with
intersection points, from which the r-values have different signs, only if m
> 2'
Ans.
m
Now, into functions = Total functions - onto functions
4l
=81-1!1!2 ! .!xs!
2l
=81-36=45
(A)r +y +z =ll(x,Y,ze N)+Y'4 Y'+z'=8
... C , = 45 + (A) is correct.
,o
(B) 10<2
-8
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22 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
/r.)
\r/
= r.,t=-t't-x)
z (x2 -t)
lB)f'(x)=-.,
' I ' , r'-, *rlf '(*','o*,'
-x +1)
,
(x2 + x +l)2
V \ '["*..')) l,"*r+rJ
"/r - |
rog
*" -'t * 1
Sin." . ,l
r'+r'+1 [1,
l3 "l
-l 1
^ I- n
f\.rt=l
;r-l
,.rt max. at
I
min. at
x-' I
Ans.
15. /(-rt = a(x - 2)2 + 1"
f(l)=2.'.a=l
f(x)=x2 *4x+5
g(lnr) =*2 -4x+5=(x-2)2 +l
8(r) = \e'-2)2 +l
r e (- *, ln 2) =+ g(r) e [1, 5)
+ g(r) is invertible function.
!=(e'-2)2 +l
e, =2 + "lT-L,z _
Ji I
r = ln (Z - "[y -l) as.r € (- *, ln 2]
.'.g-1(r)=ln(2-f-1). Ans.
16. Ans.
17. Given, f(x) = log[ax3 1 (o + b)xz + (b + c)x + c]
For f(r) to be defined
a*3 +(a + b)x2 +(b + c)r + c >0
+(axa +bx2 +cx)+(axz +bx+c)>0
= x(ax2 +bx+c)+ax2 +bx+c>0
(x +t)(axz +bx +c) > 0
=
= (r+1)>0 [..'b2 -4ac<0and a>0,...axz +bx+c>0forallrealrl
= .r>-1
Hence domain of/ = (- 1, -) Ans.
40
18. -,' =
x2-4x-b
= x2y-4xy-5y-40=O
'.' r is real .'. D>0
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23
Functions
l6y2 +4y(5y+40)>0
gy' + 40y >O + y(9y + 40) > 0
( 40 1
-'-;
"[ -]uto'-)butY+o
r
y€l-*,-+40)
" \. 9l lu(0,*)
Integers which are not included in the range are - 4, - 3, - 2, - 1' 0
5
<*aiC;-t 6Cr +7Cz + 8Ca + eCn
Now, ) =\Co +
i=1
o IOCU
= =,OCU
24v=10+4or10+6
=14or 16
x+9 [-4,-B)
?-x+L2 l-3,-2)
19. gof @) = g -2,2)
t
12 - 2n, lzg)
9-x [3,4]
234
graph of got(x)
[x
+e [-].0,-8)
fog k) =lt [-8,-4)
[-a- x l- 4, -21
-8 7 6-54
-l Ans.
graph of fog(x)
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24 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Sotutions)
f(x) =
y:(x-l )2+9
(C)trl+[-r] =0 xe I
=-L xe I
.'. {trl + [- r]] = 0
.'. Domain is (- -, -)
(D) We know
le" le
(0, -) V r e -E
{ le'l} e [0, 1)
t{'le'l)l e toi
f(r) is constant function.
Domain is ,8.
Obviously /(r) is many-one + (P), (R), (S)
Ans.
S. (A) fsn@) = r ;Domain = 'B - {0, 1+ (Q)
(B) /(r) =t - x2 +lf{2)l= 3 + (R)
(C)r=1=(P)
4.
Ans.
o.
Ans.
't
(l + x)".
f'(r) = --j
6. (A) > 0.'.one-one
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26 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
not one-one
.'.
I 2)t-J"-'f
=-Jr+'-
i 2l -zr-,r
This is periodic with period 1.
So function is periodic, many one and into + (e), (S)
(B)/(r)=.r3 + x2 +3x +sinr
Clearly onto and not periodic.
Now, f'(x) =3x2 +2x +3 cosx
=3x2 +2x+2 + 1+cosr
D<0 ,l*.y.*rr"
so always +ve
So /'(r) is always + ve so one-one, onto =+ (p), (R)
(C)
,r
'o-r
flr)='e' +- e-'
Now, if r is < 0 then /(a) = g.
So many one
[0 r<0
I
f(x\=le'-e' r>0
l--
le* + e-,
Soforr>0, f(x)=n':-1
e"^ +l
Nowinr>0
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Functions 27
r.=-=--r-
e2* -\ e2* +L-2 1
"
+l e2' +ln2r n" +l
So 1<e2* <*
2<e2* +1<-
11
->'->u.
2 e2' +l
1 , :-> 0 + t, -3- > 0, so range is [0, 1) hence into.
ez, +l ez* +l
So many one, into + (Q), (S)
(D) f{r) = nsinrrl * s;ri I rf l
\2 ) f
r
Clearly into as e "i'l'i and [rl both bounded and periodic with period 4.
"t1 2
So many one
i.e.Maiy one, periodic, into = (Q), (S) Ans'
-t2
x2(y -B) - mx + )t - n =O
xeR
D>0
*'-4t.y -g)(y-r)>o
*2 - 4{1,2 * tly -3y +3r) >0
Ly' - 4y (n +3) +12n - *2 <0 ...(i)
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Functions
29
:+ m=}andn=-4 Ans.
5. /tfl=a+b+c
f(-D = 4a -2b + c
Hence f(D - fG21=$(b - a)
u=t##=Tay*r=;rta
/(1)
Hence, ,Err;.,. occurs when l'G2'l =0-
Hence, En i.,. = 3 . Ans.
".91
4a
a+b+c)a+a*b]
4a
4a2 +4ab+b2
a+b+c2
4a
Since b-a>0
a+b+c 4a2 +4ab+b2
b-a 4a(b-a)
_(2a + b)2 -
4a$ - a)
a(b - a)
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30 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
= 6";7 slvre .B
ffi)
(t ( i)
5:
UV
.. 'c,
"
[_i! 1 + !l , r!= 1500.
lM!3!2! |212!21)
_
So, N =-- 1500: Ans.
300 300 =5
----[*]
e. case t zrf x < 0 then [9'l .ru [+lt. - ve hence [9-l -,. [4-l can never be equat to S
L*l L*.1 Lrl
CaseII:Ifr>0
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Functions 31
we have
3-
r
.!.f ; [ql [t
LJ_l= Lx l
I
,,, = o and
[:] [i] = '
= land = - A"[ql*[1] =s
",[;] [*] L*,1 L*.1
,r,[:] =2and[1] =,
+o<3<r
lrl =o
No*,.ir[l] =0.1.1 =x>3
x
- 141 - - -4 ^ 7 x -\ 2 -4
Lr-l x64535
These two equations are not possibie. Hence no solutions in these cases.
-'""'--Lr,l=r
No*.r[9-] -t<1.2
x =!.1<r
2 3 =].r<s
2
Commonsolutiont.*<!
r)
r t-l
Hencerell.:l
I ol \ .)_l
1<x-l22
.2rrrd2.*+L.3
!=*.!u,d1=r.!
2222
Hence. r. [q. q) ...(i)
12 2)
CaseII : Let[x - ll =
l2)'1 -1and[, 2) -,
*'--] = (we will find no solution)
12. :_*!-t'*(gra
R,a)=ax+b
Hence x2oo7 - ek) .@2 - Bx + 6) + ax + L
x2oo7 - e@) . e -2) (x - B) + b ...(i)
"::B (r)
NowR(0):b=?
Putr=2inEq.(i)
2a+b*22007 ...(ii)
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DO
Functiorts
Putr=3inEq.(i)
3a+b-32007 ...(iii)
Since l/(r) I<8 for all r in the interval [1, 9], we have
l/tti 1< 8;l/(5,tI < 8;l/(e) l< 8
Caselza-3>0=+a.>3
-4o a4=- 4a>1a-lZ
a-3
8a312-o=12
No solution
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d+ GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
CaseII:o-3<0
-4a <2
-a-3 =-4a>2a-G
6>6a+a<1
.'. Greatest integral value of a is 1.
.:
tanre R.'.D>0
4y'-4 -u'(n'-!'l
l" el =o \ -/
t-(n'-1)
\" ,I \. -/ =o
,'-9'o
-2
( t,>\t ,{D\
ly-I llv+f9 l<o
f" 2)\" 2)
fr;t;
ttdtd
'- L Vt'!t
ar- I I
-
ll*-rl -ol=3
l* -21-o= 3or -3
=) l*-21 =o+3oro-3
For 3 r-intercepts
a+3>0ando-3=0 ...(i)
0r al3=0andcz-3>0 ...(ii)
From Eq. (i) o = 3 and Eq. (ii) is rejected.
Hence, sum = 3 Ans.
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GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
+
1B(38)l t_^ rsts+r_l (ii)
frs-=, ]+[ts-=-]
From Eq. (i) +(iil+ 2N =(18 -1) + (18 -1) +....... +(18 -1) =17(34)
34 times
n(S) = 53
For n(A):
2trOt)+
o *O r J
-)+Q' ))(
/':\
e
t-Q
.r-@l
1 (-,"
(9-r\G
\:./ I
c,-@<: \.:
t
. €)l].
o-t_G
3\
3-. o
o< @
o
o-c @
o
a6)
\:-/
Similarly when 1 is associateci with (2) then number of such functions are 10
and when 1 is associated when (1) then number of such functions are 15.
Totalfunctions=1+3 +6 +10 +15 =35. Ans'
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nnI
r)
Functions
mx+n-3
3@2+7)+mx+n-3 :ftxl=3+--_--
22. f(x) = ,
l+x2 l+f-
mx+n-3
",-Qr
v I
-u
l+.r'
Forytolisln[-4,3)
mx+n-3<0VxeR
This is possible onlY if m =O' ^
n-6
when,m=0thenY=r*r;
note that n -3 <0 (think !)
<3n.
-, .Irr"* J 3
if r -+
maximum)
.ro* y*,r, oc.,rr. at' x = 0 (as 1 + lr2 is
Ans.
=3+n-3=n=n=-4
Jmin
l2n - m2
AlternativaZY= _n
*' (Y -Z) - mx * Y - n =0
xeR
D>0
*2 -4(v-3)(Y-r)>o
-4(Y'-rY-3Y+3r)>o
m2
...(i)
4y'-4yh+3)+12n-mz <o
Also given (Y+4)(Y-3)<0
y'*Y-t2<0 .. .(ii)
4(n+3) lln - m2
get ! =
compare (i) and (ii) we -1
-t2
Ans.
+m=0andn=-4
.. .(i)
23. f(x+9=2'f0)+4Yf(x) ...(ii)
AIso, x) =2Y f@) + 4' f(Y)
11y +
Now, 2' f(y') + 4Y f(x) =2Y fG) + 4' f(Y)
f@)
4' -2' 4Y =2Y
= fu)
=u
f(x) = h.(4' - 2* )
f(l)=2=k.2 +h=t
f(x) = 4r -2"
f'(x) = 4' ln 4 - 2' ln2
f'(2) =16 ln 4 - 41n2 =281rt2
Ans.
k =28.
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2
Inverse Trigonometric
Functionsi
X Y
Now, X=Y
x-,4 = x n
J
O^- L
d-l
=9 + 31
4
=9x2 +3xa .=>x2 =l
, x-,4 ----
. ir -Bnr2 3+x'
I+ oQ
I+
ou
=)x=0, 1or-1 Ans.
.'. Number of values is equal to 3.
...(i)
6. Wehave bsin-r r + b cos-r * =)
2.
...(ii) (given)
andosin-1r-bcos-1r=c
.'.On adding (i) and (ii), we get (o + b) sin-1 * =9! * "
2
bn afi
1.l+c
*=
* 2 - t
=sin-r o+b-.similarly"os-l d+b
nab + c (? - b) Ans.
Hence(o sin-l r + b cos-l *, - a+o
7. Wehave f(x)=t-cot-l r-tan-1 r+"ec-1 x=n-22 +"ec-1 *=!+sec-lr
2
As dornain of f @)is (- *, - 1l u [1, -)
(As cot-1 (-x) = n - cot-1 r)
' [. nl\ ( 3rc1 Ans.
... Range orf(ilis[i, " [" ZJ
,( 1
8. we have /(r) = sin-l
t*-h .
=
'i" l-" - r7
I x' -|3x +
"]
[ -l
\4
,--,
=sin-'l----
,
lr 3\'- *-t7 9l
I
[l'-r) n- n)
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40 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
(')
. ,l
=srn.i 1 |
" I
[[.-;)".,j
Hence, ft.rr e
[0. ;], ""
co-domain = ranse fa.,, -u *!=f
4 \ -:2)l'
, *z.rz-il
'-'
[ )
Also y = - \2x + 17 is many one function.
4x2
Hence /(x) is surjective but not injective. Ans.
,r=i, zrl-
9. Given expression
- = i:{2- cos r(cos 2,1I - Jl-
tz sin l1-
lz cot rrcot 4)|
- l
= sin-'r(sin2) - cos*1(cos2)
- cot-1(cot4) + tan-1(tan4)
+ sec-1(sec6) - cor"c-l (cosec6)
=(r-2)-2+(4-r)-(4-x)+(2n-G):(6-2n)=x-4+4n*12=Er-L6 Ans.
*:.r=1= ("=* 1)
2 1+x2 - 2--1- x2+\ < lvr e .B+c+1>0
10. wehave *=*'
(2t^n-'r+1-rl (
Now,nr)=;h-""*
L+?",.n-t x
]=;[, It
So. f(r)l-," =t"tx=-l
f(r)l-,,=rafa=l
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41
Inuerse Trigonometric Functions
2
.'.o-u* = x = - land o*ir =0 atr = 0'
T "t
ft- 7Iz1 I
So, ael0.-l
LI -l
L
oirtug", - 0,1, 2.3, 4
ofo = 10' Ans.
Hence, sumofintegralvalues
12. ': f is onto
_t
.'. Range of tan-1 (2x - x2 + r) should b" 0]
[#,
= --. 0l
Range of ?-x - x2 + )-should be (
Ans.
Hence D = O=4 + 4)" =0, hence i = - 1'
2"-1 + rj
tB. Wehave. Iim * Al= lim
I), cot-'12'.'*T) f,
----- ./-tcot-,f,
-,i-*Lt "ot_r(2,.,
\ 2r) n-*-, \ * )
( qr \ n
= Iim
n
'i tar-l| *" -(I t --
lim ) tan-l1
uo" ---!--- .zl l= ,'T:
2r+7-2r- l
* z''1 '2'
|
,,-t I n 1 )
S,, =y tan-rl
,'?, lt*'+1 rl
I
\ n n)
( r+l
-.- r \
n-7
I n - -
S..=! tan-rI n |
" 3o lt*111.rl
I
\ n n)
s,, = 5' ta.,-r ir + 1) - tan-r r
3o\z) n
s,
; - r)* (tu.,-,
= ?- t^n-,]). (*"-, 1 - tan-l
[t",,-' +)
.'. S, =Sroo =1. Ans.
18. For f(r) to be surjective.
t * _ a) = _[[,
= _ @2 _
;)' (, . i)]
_ _
a-2=-1=o=1 Ans.
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Inu er se Trig ono m etr ic Functions 43
22
2lai+ 4lbl= 5 Ans.
20. For r e (0, 1) ,l
y:sll1 x
sin-l r >r > tan-1r > cot' - -
; ..v: x
cot-1 .r -n=-(tan-l r) Ans. Y
: titt-trx
2
21. [{r}] =0
'" """ 'Y : - tanrx
1
flxl = (3 - x7 )7
1
tr -
=ll3-(3-r't7 | | =,
f(f\x)t
, 't''')'
[ ))
fff(d=x-1-r{x)=f(x)
/-t(so) = f(50) and /(f(100)) = 100
/-l(so) - /(50) + f(/(loo)) = 1oo Ans.
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l-t GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
/-\ '/.x
2s. sin_11 ,l = I*,
Ir+x'j 2
Lr:21
A.M. =
33":- =9 = 2
HM =r, +=*, =\f,;{;'='
ir* *r*
A.M. = H.M. =r1 = *2 = xJ = 2
Aliter: f(x) =
-r r. l]
1u [r
Range of f(x) is [0, ].1.
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AI
,[-j-l=o,-'[' 1
l=t*-'[,nI2)l-tu, '
26. tan
\ +r'+3,
[r,
-; J
/ 1\llr-
"l=,u,,' 1+lr+
\ 2/\
/ 1)
2) I ' r)
[.- t)
4 )i' = I tan-' rln+-l1\ -tan ,- -l1)
' tan,(I _=- (
) \+r'+3) \. \ ,l 9l
r=l
e/
lr'un [-4r'*BJ- 2
Ans.
tan (tan-l 2) ' -9
27. Graph of y = 4 {- 1,1)
graPh
"o.-t
it is
From the
Clear that h e (%\ 4nl Ans.
.'. Integral values of h, ate 7 , 8,9, 110, 11, L2
1
- tan -'r'l*
!.u,,
n=l
l
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r6 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
31.
Ans.
Ans.
n24
34.
'fl'::l ,i[ql.]rl
r,, =Lan
tr 2 )rl-tun
) \\ z ) )
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Inuerse Trigonometric Furtctions 17
"t
s(r)=sinrl2 f(x)
t
zl
-' (ti" 2o) + \ = 2o+ ft
,o
J.J
, (/rx)) r
= 2sin
I 2 ,l*3
/ r -l
-
/t nl/Ll- lLl
B(r) = 2sin-l ry.l-r,,,. [,
(-;) -, 3,zl \6/l-r 3l l
2n-l
e,
t 3l -,
"s(x) = [0,
aS f is onto hence.
r 6t
Alternatively : when f(x) =- 1+g(r) = sin-l I -* z) | = -;d
\
wehave H(il=|ry;+#] =
[,
-#I]L-'.,+ rfu = = *]
So.
Also, ,FI(r) is an even function on ft, so graph of H(x) is symrnetrical about y-axis.
Graph of H(x)
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-18 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
8 ,.-
Note: H("r I = 3ran-'(3 -
"l L l*1,
|
2
l=3k 2n +
n
^;^. 1' ({3k+2n\$k-2n)'\-^,--r1-
-
. ,(gt'-4n'\- sin
.'."r" '[ffi j=
srn
1 n ,l= ,= 6'
Ans.
"r1,.
From the graph it is clear that /(r) and g(r) intersect at three distinct points La at
A, B and C.
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Inuerse Trigonometric Fuructions 49
41. I 4',l
'f(x)=rir-' t4+x2 =rin 'l__.-l=sin-'lgl
)
['.'* ,J
['..;)
Ztan-L L n - 2tan-L L
2 2
x_
:<-1 L21
2
-1<1<1
2 2
x<-2 -2<x<2 x>2
, (^li -q\
ft"!l-2)=2tan-'|"'
''r' 2
"! r: fi - 2=06...1
[ )
=2.!-r=o
2
,rr-' l.r*irg
3x422"'? =:-
1+
tan ' tan- tangent on both sides.
23+
3x..rQ4 i ,1'\^ 8+9r 4
=cotj tan'-l=2-1
aau
-t-
\ 2) t2-6x =2-x .)
3x4 -
- , -,( ?a.^l)
ZLarr'x=tt+tan'l (Asr>1)
\7-*")
n+tan'l-l
.( - 2+\
[_tan ,-lr-24\f
\z )
_ ll - 24
tanJ
L \7ll .I Ans.
,l
sin- ,
E -,tT-x =[-tar 'rtan{.PI))-cos 'l? l{T;
,'1+",+cos-,-\il14 -\io
sin- -{ rll
-,[r-=n 1 - tun-:ttant",!i- xt't ,/ l
2 2 './l - -
1(tanr) =r
tan, ' tturrr^p -, 11 = n[z -i which is true' Now tan-
r- when
.. _ (-r n)
'\ z 't)'
jtel I
- o<2-*.+ :+ -2<-x<.I--z
z
o<Jr-<:
'2:
C
4
*a
2-t<x<2 ...(ii)
."t it - Ans.
Froom (i) and (iil, the complete solution +,t7
Iz
45. Let,tf(x)=x3+bxz+cx+1.
/(O) = 1 > 0,
'2Lan- t(co"".
f(- 1) = b - c < 0 so, cte (-1, 0)'
So,,, cr) + tan-1 (2sincr sec2 cr)
') I
1 I * tun r[ zsino z[.ur, '[--f) + tan-1( srnc).1
= 2tan-'f
\sincr/ =
[ sin ct ]
'stt
[1-sin'a/
= z(- !\ n (as sincr < o) Ans.
\ ,l = -
\ !,
sec(Stan-
1x)
= 1or- 1 and- + . 3 tan-t*' *
22
1x=0,1t,-n 1x r r =0,J5,-rE Domaine{0,J5,-J-g}
=3tan- = tan =0,:,---
.lo
=+ =
1r)) + cos-1(cosec(3cot-1r))
Now, f(r) = sin-1 (sec(3tan
1(sec(3
tan 1x))
* .o"- t | .o."" ] - s,urr-' rll))= I2 + 2 sin-
1(sec(3 tan- 1r))
= sin-
\---- \2 |.
fen -
4,. Ans.
Hanse€
" l-.
12- 2t
47. By using A.M. - G. M. inequality, we have
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51
Inu er s e Tr ig ono metric Functio ns
1-r
gsi.-1, * Scos
, =+ f(x) > 2
2
3n Ans'
Hence, logrm ='*
4
1x)3 +3sin-1r cos--1r (sin-1r -cos-1r) + sin 1r cos-1'
48. L.H. S. (sin-tr - cos
(sin 1r - cos 1r)
1r) * 4sin-1 r tot-'']
[{sln-1r -
cos-1
=(sin-1r - cos ')' 3
[,.*.[0. I j
(iii) As ,i.r-'trir,rl =
| ' ?
^' ,* \
ln-r,*.lr,,l
l(cosr) = x, x e L0, n)
Also, cos-
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GRBP::!Wrt
ft
*.1r,
lu, ; )
Now, f(x)={ -
I ln )
larelr,n
lL'/ I
(ii) )_
-Br2 +t7 )-
n.
lim
.'.
,,te7=, i
[1tri+sJ \+ - I4
-\z) -(+.0
,u,'-'l ,, ?' ,l= nl:) * + tan-r4i={,+ - tan-'+') e,,".
)\2 )
So,o=landb=-Z Y
lz'*
(i) tu,,-'[,". (*,-'(,i"]))- ,)= tan-'d: -r,=; =
g. Ans.
4
(ii) f(x) = cot-1(rz - ?nc) = cot-1 ((r - t)2 - t)
--' range
so, of fk)= [0. 9-l 1.
-----o- Ans.
[-' + -]
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GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
6) y=
yl-,-
"mrn = *g = ,= o { '.' At x =1 nrm"r.tor is min. and denominator is max.
[ 2----------
t.t
'-ii
"
L
|
(1005 - 3) (1005 - 2) (1005 -
6 --
1) (1005 + 1) (1005 +2) (1005 + 3) I
-Ll
_ [0. rrroos)2 - t)((1005)2 - 4)((100s), - g,-l
=lulr-__1_lir_l
- llr_ , ll
L- l rroosr' l' rtoosr' l' ,r00bf l]
,l J
-5
.'.u+B=7 Ans.
(ii) /(r) = tan-l(sin(ftcosx))
B(tr)l-^,
'r'd^
= losrr[snruril]l=-",
-;
\ \2)
x =b
)
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55
Inuer se Trigonometric Functions
Ans.
.'. Range is [1, -;.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 14 to 16
f,-)=.,"_,[ffiJ
. -r(s@a + ?'tc2 + 1) - 4\
e.[o.r
['2 ]o,.*
= sin-1(3.irre - 4sin3 0) = sin-1(sin30)
(i)
1
3n
tt"t15. = (2 + J5)d , 1=g(t6otw) =
2
1
rvGirls =[
v'E - r it < L=gt{Ginlrr =n
l.4 )
Ans.
S(h/*D=nYxeR
Domain is .R and range is {rd.
Ans.
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56 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
g(x) =l4xl
-Both 3n
curves intersect at 4 points. 2
.'. Number of solutions is 4. Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. lZ to 1g
f(x)={+cot-1 x-tan-lx
= !'t - 2tan-L x lf.'r > 0ll
4
sgn(/(r)) = 1==+ flr) >0
+ !-Zt n-rr>0 :+ tan-1 *.I
------8 =) x<nD+L
4
Possible positive integral val,ues of x are 1,2.
Hence, at =landa, =2
(i) P(x)=x2-4px+3h2
P(r)<0V,re(a1,a2)
P(D s 0 and P(D <0
1-4k+\lf <0and4 -8k+gkz <o
- 1) (k - L) s 0(3& _ D (k _ 2) s o
(3,t
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Inuerse Trigonometric Functions 57
g(x)=0Vrell,5l-t0)
= g(r) is discontinues at r 3 only. =
(iii)
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5E GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Y' %'
y = -ry" ==) = x+z =. *, y, z arein H.p.
y -
^c+z
Hence, #=T=. - z =o-tc =z Ans.
'1.
Ans.
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59
Inuerse Trigon ometric Functions
l'*!, **,)
2 3 zo s
Let .r = co" 2o where -a f,.
[o"#=e={)
... f,(x)= *,-'[];*H)= ru.,-'*{; - r)
1O. ct = 3tan
+) -l * t*?Ll =4tan-,13'l=*
Ans.
o=n[r.,,-,7
P-tLUarr -tun,q.l=J*,-,4] \25l
L 4.1
11. Let f(x) = xs +3x - tan2
realroot
f,(x) =Bx2 +3> 0 V r e .R=/(r)isincreasingandhasexactlyone
/(0)= -tar.Z=Positive
f(- t) =- 1 * 3 - tan? - - 4 - tan2 =negative
.'. cr lies between (-1, 0)
Now, cot-1., * cot-l1- i = cot-1o + n + tan-1ct' - 2= n'
cr 2-- 2
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60 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
12. Here, x € [0,4]
Now, we have
. -rl nG\ / r\
srn t lr.o"'l9l*tan-rv=?".-r,= 1
\2) 12) 3 fe
.'. Maximum value y2) = 16 + f =
of (xz + "33 49
Ir- * l
2."rts-r
x)2
a/ tr"r"- yf - rlt' * r = r
Now, 2("o"*1',' ,lura a[Gi.,
,l >1,
. i, ,2 \2
2(cos-1r)2 G;rr; , 1_2tcos-t x)2
=1and lIsin-r t) -L) +1=1
[\
,1
(cos ' x)2 =0 and(sin-l y)z ='L+x =!andsin-1y = t
= 1
/ = sinl or - sinl
x - ! =1+ sinlorl --sinl = (C) and (D) Ans.
15. When x 1- l,
,[ ,[ , - ,1
I * tu,., -g.:)
""" ,[
-?-'] * .o,
"i., It+x2l Irnrzl'""" lil;rj
= - rr - 2tari*l x * 2tan-r * + n + 2tan-1, = _ Ztan-t x
When - ;r < 0, then sum of the above three terms
1<
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Inuerse Trigonometric Fmr,ctions 61
)tan-r1 t rriru+1)
1
,((
(B) Wehavetanltan-'l t )l+tan-'i
-,i 1 - \l+...+tan-'l -,( 1 ^ ))
ll
l. \1+1'2i tt+2.3] \t+1e.20))
( ,l 2-t ) , I 3_ 2 ) ,( 20-19 \)
I U + 2'7) \1+ 2 3] \t+r9'20 ))
l
= tanftan-r 2 - tun-l1 + tan-13- tan-r 2 + ...+ tan- 20 -tan-1 19]
1
= tan(tan- 2o - tan 1 1)
( 20-1))| I - 20-r = 19= m.^.
= tanl tan'l,/
[ \.t + 2o.t)) r+ 2o -2t -(Grven)
n
.'.m-19,n=21
-- -
Hence (m + n)y"us = 40. Ans.
(C) Using,tan(cr +p) = rtalo + tlnp:andtan(arctan
a)=aY ae R,wehave
1 tancr tanB -
tun( ur"tur, 1 *
I r .r" tarrl
\ tura10/I
y)I = tuJu..
11
.+
=*.110! =a=(r*10)(y-10)=101
t-
xy
The following four ordered pair of integer numbers are solutions of this equation :
(11", 111); (111, L1), (9, - 91), (- 91, 9) 4 ordered pairs Ans.
=
(D) We have sin-'(si.r12) + cos 1(cos12) = - (4r - 72) + (4r - 12) = 0
.'. ln - 2)x2 +8r + n + 4 >0 V r e .R
:+ (n-2) >0=n>3and(8)2 - 4@-2)(n+ 4') <0or n2 +2n-24>O
=) n> 4+n> 5
So,zsmaltest=5=(R) Ans.
2. (A) fz@) = f(f'(xD = fk) =x
fzk)=fffz@)=f(x'))=x
=) *3 - 25x2 + l75x - 375 = 0
(r-5)(x2 -2Ox +75)=0
(x-5)2(x-15)=o
= x=5, 15 = Q,S
(B) Range of f(fff@))) is [4, 17 ] Q, R, S
=
Domain of f(x) is [- 1, il.
(C) Ifr € [- 1,0), /(r) =8(r + n) + 5x + 4x - x =l6x + 8r
/(r)e[8r-16,8ni
If r e (0, 11,/(tr) =8r + 5x + 4x - x = l6x
f(x) e (0, 161+P, Q, R, S
(D) re[-1,0]
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Inuerse Trigon ometric Function s 63
l+x2
X+-=-'AX
2
x2 +6x +1=0=x=
-6t€6- = -3t2J'
2
x = 2J2- 3+l10al= O - rol = s0 - 2oJ,
[po ] I
re[0, 1]
,y' +
l+x2
=',/A
2
-
l+x2 =2x=x =1=l10al=10
lroal = ro, lzoJz - sol
3. (A) -B<-8.s=-10
23 <a<2 ax2+[x+o:0
-1af@)<lvr€t-1,11
4
-4<x2 *3x+bs4Vre[-1,il
f =f(+1)=b-2
/mln I
f^*=f(-l)=b+4
=b-2>-4 and b+4<4
b>--2 and b<0 = bel-2,01
b=-Z-1,0 = P,Q,R
(C) f :R-->[-&-), fG)=x2 +6x+b
frni. = f(-3)=b-9
b-9=-8=b=1=S
(D) [*ir-'i]'
h(x) = fog(x)= (-tr-';)' * 3 sin-l L+z
\ 4) 4
T. n)
h(t)=tz +3t*2,t=sin-r{,f e I -
4L r'r)
=lr*1'l'-1
\2) 4
logl=0J
(B) f(x)=0forreR.
r€(-1, 1)
12 e (0,1)
lx21=1xn1...... = o
fk\ =0
(C) fk) = cos-l (le*1- 1) + sin-r([e'])
For domain [e'] e [0, il or r 6 (- -, ln 2)
le'l=0or[e'']=1
f(x) = n
f(x) = *s + *2 + x + L* f'(x) =3x2 + 2x + I
f'(x)>o,vreR
* f(x) is increasing
s(x) -- -2+
l+x"
Range of g(r) is [- 1, 1j.
h(x) = 2(sin-1r + tan-r x) - n
*21
\.f/
o-
Asr2 + -\>zJs (Using A.M. - G.M' inequalitY)
3C
+ *2 +a*z>2+ZJB
lc2
1
a
u
z t'r: - ul atr2 -
1)J 2
f(r) l*.* = tan-l I = =M, which occurs I =x-34
t2(JB + t2 x.-
*2 -x*g=o("
'B
ct+B=l
CI,p=3
Hence, u0-(a +9)=2 = (Q) Ans.
f(x) = a(x + L)'+ b
f(l) = 5, f(-t) = t
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L- t-) GRB prottems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
f{x) = (x + l)2 + 1 = 12 + 2a + 2
(A) /(r) > 1=+[sin-1 (ftx)))= [+l = 1 (Q)
12) =
(B) [1+ sgn (f@))] = 2 (It)
=
(c) [t*,,-'l-Ll-l=o
L t f\xt )l = (P)
(D) [z .ot-' [ ' rl (s)
I
Lzr"'ll=S =
Ans.
\ l.r l.,J
Df=R
Rf = {-'1,0, I even function
(c) For domain of f{x), we must have 8 - ?.tc - x2 >0
x2 +?-tc -8<0
+ (x+4)(x-2)<0
= x e[- 4,21
Rf = [0,3]
o-[x]
(D) fk't=1-
2t.Y
t
-2lxl-2x -21'l=0Vr<0 Ans.
(r
d.
ll.lo r)
tan ji.", ; ;) t." [*t-'[
cot'l tan(tan-I(lO n)) = 10 n
i
t [ro; '-"'))
l= \
(
*P" +r))= I
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Inverse Trigonometric Functions 67
(r
l+l 1)
lx vl =tan'l-l
, / 1\
''
o"-'[]). tur-'[1)
\ v./
tan,-'f1) = tan.-1
V) l=l
\ *v)
\7)
-'r*.o"[f ,* -!6
3. /(r) = cos 1- 3
4
f-7)= €, - r=, €
cos-lx + cos-r, - cos-l
2' = 2
=Zcos-r-)c--6
- Tl
:1,[,-(+)')=,(*).,(#).,[#).
.r(H)
*n *I*......+I=1oon =50.n
=n666663
p-16q=50-16x3=2 Ans.
o2
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68 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
-r . -1 Il
5. tan'tr+srn'x)-
2
tan-1r
' ) cos-1r
0B
ozp-
tancr 2 tanB
tan2 cr > tan2 B
tan2cr>sec2p-L
*'>4-t
x'
t+x2 >)
x4+*2-1>o
.-
liG
xel^l-
'
L! '-1'']
(1.+P;
=5+2=7 Ans.
6. We must have, 4sin2 0 + sin0 = - 1 + 6 sin 0
,4
=sin0=L1+6solutions. Ans.
4.=tan-1 2-tan*L!
Tz=tan-r 3-tan-1 2
[-7 - 1/--1k2 F=
t?
"l&-nc]n
k
sum =
,r,j:
*. '[#]- "o,-' [])= -,-',0) ""'-i (;)
-
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70 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
^TCItlt
DLIfi=---=-
236
. a _n_t20r = 720
"6k
Jn
-- k, Ans.
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7L
Inuer se Trigonometric Functions
4y2=
- 1t !T-+ 4 = -' !& = rlli;1) = r"{# =. = \E=*rl]
2 \10/
)
),+h,=12 Ans.
t2. lVtrethod-I
^)
2nn
::::
=
2
- f(x\ = nr - fG)
g(r) will be maximum when f(r) will be minimum
g(r),ou* + /(r),oir, = nTt= 8n(given)
n=8 Ans.
Method-II
Let S(r) = sin-1r + sin-1r3 + sin-115 + '.'+ sin-1 *Zn-r
and C(x) =cos-1 r2 + cos-r x4 +cos-1r6 +'.. + cos-1'r2"
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T2 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
*(logur 3, logy2 1)
e\ogyr 3,0)
As 11, x2 both are (- ve) integral roots and e (togy2 B, 0)
So x1, )c2 e(- *, - 2l
Now, a=-(xr+x2)
omin. = - (max. of (xt + x))
Maximum ofr, + xz = - 2 - 3 = - 5
ominimum=-(-5)=5
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r
= ,--lim ltan-l
4-
n= L
2
{Using ; n4 - n2 =(n2 - d(n +n)l
=l*[{*,-'('f)-*"'(i)}.{""'[T)-*"'(f)].{*"-'(T)-*"'(T)}
* *{*"-'('.;)' -t.,-'('.;)}.i*'-'[," .;)' -(,"., ])]]
*"'(:) ='"'(:)
=
J,*[{*"'('. })' . ('. ;} - *"-'(1)]=; -
a
E
(a2 + b2)i"u"1 = 42 + 52 = 16 + 25 = 4l Ans.
:'
15. tt"," .o,-'(i) - *"-'[#) =,
,,
-x'y- +"x'v"
f4] =oov.,- l----
49 36
= CoS0
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71 GRB proUtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
o, *1Y-^'
=t - 4 -
r' * *'r'
rY coso
3634936 -
+ cos2,
l- y
ye[0, 1)
ft-. It
-</(.r)<-
42
7t
b_z_n
*___z
a1l Ans.
4
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19. For x 10,
-'l, 1 r"o"
\.Jz e + sin o)l =
)
[, 1'].}, e I. l-], -l
\-"-\.-- +))' -
"o.-'[.o" 4 \4'4)
l- :r\ l
lH - - l= - - tan-lr
= - 4)
\ 4
From'the graph, it is clear that equation /(r) = A has exactly two roots then
n.l ! .'2)
I) = to, b).
t4
r1.1) (+.2)_-:a :
'[; . ;Jlt = [; * )x n = 6'
Hence Ans.
ifxe[-],0)=r.[;,^]
Ir
l,) - 2e,2se [0, n] = e. [0, . e 1]
;)- [0,
ln - (2n - 2s), %t - 20 e 1,,, za *u . rr,, . (;,{ =, e [- 1, 0)
tt [;,,.]
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ro GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
[1-2"o.-'*, o<rS1
f@) =l2
z"i"-t x,- t < x <o
L f,-
a+b+p+q=!-z-!-z=-+
22
la+b+p+ql=4 Ans.
21. Domain = [_ ]" 1l
lr ('
fe) =1 t.in + cos-lx + tan-'' r) * - *-1)
lt (r + D2 +9
lo/
22. S= $ lrurr-l 1 + tan-l? + tan-'9 *...+ tan-r19)
n n n n)
,,Ar\
Now consider
10o
i{ t".r- '?=tur-r? +tun-l?+ tan- 1? +tar-12+ tan- '? * ....... + tan-rZ
,7, n 7 3 .2 4 5 10
10o
i{ trr-'
s
= tan- 19
+ tu.r-'9 + tan- 1! + tan- 19
+ ta.r- 19
+ ....... + tan- 1a
#rnL234510
:: :
10
$ ,urr-' 10
n I 2 3 ---
= tan-119 + tan-119 + tan-'19+ tan-1
10
4 *....... + ,----,10
tan-119
,7,
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77
Inv er se Tri gono me tr ic Function s
s=E
-222*45n=u9n =Zstr =+ k=25 Ans'
23. !---a.J
sin h-tc +(t+ cos2r) + cosr
!--J
>0for *t(0,{)' U""t"no solution'
2)
*r> \'
>0 >0 >0
m=0
m.+n=0+L=1. Ans.
. -1- 1
fr =sin-1 1- sln = sln'-,1- - sln-,1
^-andsoon
z,tr
-1
S, = sin-1 1- stn ' f1 l=r-sin-,t-Ll
\n+ t) z [n + r.,J
cosS, = cosSr, =
*, #
100 cos See * 1 Ans.
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Inu er s e Tr igano rnetr ic Functio n s 79
- 2(a + b) = r(1*
... Range of ' .gt1
f{u)t'L; 4 =
lo.rcz , btr2l =
X)=
u Ans.
)
Givencr=sin-r [ *x"-l,ret-l1]
\l+ )
a=2tan-1 xY xet-1"11
f-- rl
Hence, range of c is , ...(i)
lZ i)
, 13 cos v - 4 sin v\
'"' {-
F = cos-' -:-:::j. el0,2rc1
l: ),t
Now, Scos rr - 4 sin Y € [- 5, 5]
t- e-] ...(ii)
... Range of p is
I ; ,'l
Also y = 2tan-1 (22 - 4z + 5), ze R
y= 2tan-r ((z - 2)2 + t)
[- \ .(iii)
... Range"rri.[j,^) ..
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80 GRB Problems in Caleulus (Hints & Solutions)
z- -42+5=l+(z-D2
r+tany +z=(2-Jel*[+'].l 2=4-*-"tZ-8-9"'r5 -8-F - fi
Now, - 3 3
i3/ 3 =o c
a=8,b=27,c=3
d+b+c=38
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i
#_e
*3
Limits, Conainuitr:
and DifferentiabilitY
lExercise-il I
. ,,( ,x2+br+c) *b * n
c b ,r+c\
ct(llx-+
2 srn"l
-'^^ |
t 2 I
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82 9'l@J:o.9_!Spp-.i*"..c""g!:t4y.l._(Hints&sotutions)
2b3
= 1 Ans.
4R64b3 t28R =(C)
a).
f(x)=L9YxeQ
As, /(t) is continuous, so
f(x)= 19 Vr e I {/(r) isconstant}
evk))= \im + /'?d =.mT Bo1 = 2o v x e R. Ans.
4, Let /(q) = b* 1:1161= s
(q, f (o))
f(s, + h) = b - k*
f-r(b - k) = a + h
f(a - h) = b + k+ f-l(b + k) = s - 7,
Now L.H.D. of f -1(x) at x = f (a) = b v= f(x)
(f-tl,rb-)
- = lim
f-rtu - tzl - f -1 tu)
,.^ a+h-s,
- n-+of(a+D-f@)
(h-b\-h
h+0 {b-ti-b h.+(
=
,. 1 1 1
i'\ 1r" * n1- 1^, = ,,-.r= r
h
ill/y Now R.H.D. of f -1(x) atx =f (ci =b
/ t1* o] - /. to' = Ii- (a-h)-a
(f -1)'6* ) = li* f-'(o+k)-f-'(u)
h+o (b - k) - b h+o f (a - h) - f(a)
=lim,---* 1
^= f,(a-)=lI
n+o f(a - h) - f(d
Ans.
-h
fiter : Verification by taking an example
j=I\x)=l [-a*, forr <o
l- 21c, for r > 0
f,(o_) = -3= I
f'(0*) = -2=r
t _",
for y>0
8\J)=1=l - -\Y)=
1- -
l-r.,
t_.,
for y<0
l;,
g'(0*) f'(o*)=-1=1 v: f(x)
= '31
_1 1
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B3
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
1
rlc ]
'f-l
Note : If / urd r are positive, then L.H.D. and Rl-H.D. of and if / and r are
I 'inJ t'
II
I
L.H.D. and R.H.D.
i. tfni*l
negative ttren are end
a.o=r=1
81' 9
5. Clearly, f(x) = x2,L<xsL
x4rx>l
Also,
,hnq
S(-r) = ,lijl B(r) = 3
Now, verify alternatives. A:rs.
7. CIearly,
-. fths+3h+2)-fQt ,. f'(h2+3h+2\'t3h2+3) - 6'3 I
limr#=hI11+=-='
i':in Seh-Zhz +1)-fl1) i'-o 1'Qh-2h2 +DQ- 4h) 4'2 4
(Using L'Hospitai RuIe.) Ans.
(1 +P(r))v" -1r (Using binomial
8. / = rtrm expansion)
-0 X
2
+og*3 +.. ,]
=o'1.
x t1.
and k,>0
x2+kx+k>OYxeR
D <o=h2 - 4t?<o
lz e 10, 41
But h>o
(0, 4l Ans.
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8.1 GHB Pygblgm-s in Calculr1g (/{-iry-{s A_,S9!.u!i9ns.)..
(AP,,
4u , 4"
-1 +1= - +2-=(AP,*r)=rl
*r)2 =
33!
Now, sin 0 =
lPnP,*rl 2'-r 2" JE
lAP,,,tl la12 {a, * 2 z
Ie lo
AS =1=sin0=v'aSn-+-=0=tr Ans.
23
-.
lim laxz +bx
' "-"+ cl"r 1= lim la(x-cr)+(r-F)l
13. '*"-
x+tn ax2 +bx+c = x)nL aG-cr)(r-0)
If o < 0 and o < m < pthen
a(m-cr)(m-p)>0
+Limit is one
=C Ans.
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Limits, Continu ity an,d Differentiability 85
17. lim
(r - f(x)) (t + f(v1 + f2(x)) = 9 rio' [t
- /rxt)
c-+0
-(sin2*) , 5r-o[ *2 )
cl , l'x-
\ .r- )
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86 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
3 .. / 1- cos2r.cos4x'cos6r'cosSr'cos10x'\ 3 f +42+62+82+102)
=bJTil- J=b[. 2 -J
22
=?zrll2
+ 22 + "' + 52)
=
q, 5'6'11
- 66 Ans.
5-[ 2 ) 5 6
f'(x) = f'(o)
f(x)=f'(0)x+X
As f(o) = s
= f(x) = f'(O)x + 5
Also l'' Q) = f '(0) = f'(5)=/'(0)=-1
+ f'(o) = t
Hence, fG)=5-x Ans.
2t.o=liml- =n l'
' n--[14-Js+2sino)] G-Ji+2sin0)2
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87
Limits, Continuity and Differ entiability
r )"
'=J'el ltr*"*
[2+sine- z)
If 0 e [0. l)=sino. [0, f]+p
\'3l z/
e> st.
does not exl
I
rr oe (;, ;) = sin r. r) = r =o
[*,
... For existence of limit e=
fi =p
=i = *;b L
.n+cosg=1a9os9=1+19,) I Ans.
Hence,
pp2
a+or'r
I ]
I" o'lg--.I
t ')
I log,
_-?,
' 'o /-28-5\
I ts+o.
r 2 -o)
) *lo ., I r>o
[3+o"
I
J
I -2h-5\
h({::\-o
\ B+aun )
-nl?
\.r+o
,,^ l-o
f'(0")= lt5f .!a =0aso>0:f,(0-)=Iim
/r +o -h
)
=0aso>0
Ans.
Differentiable and continuous atx = 0'
Area of the parallelogram outside the circle
= Area of parallelogram - Area of sector
OPQ
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88 GRB Problems in. CalcultLs (Hints & Solutions)
t'to-'=e
Hence. Iim49) = li* 1-1= I Ans.
e;o o+o 0 0 2 2
11 o
" . 1= 7 ooints. Ans.
24. f(il = [4 sinrl - 7; f(x) is discontinuous, when sinr 4' 2' 4'
25. P(r) is an even function. Ans.
=1*'-112x2+ln-2tx21
2
.' -_ .- + (r'
(x* - 1)2 .- -- --. - +...
1)3
/ 1) 11\ 1
2t DI Ans.
=r lim - [2.,][+] I
--+ 0+ a. -tl' (r' + L)z
1(cosr)}
f(x) = max. {sinr, sin-
points'
Clearly, f(r) is continuous but non-differentiable at infrnite
,2
tf(xlt2 -le* + e*'\ ftxl + e* .e' <0
2
ff(x)-e')ffG) -e')S0
2""
e*" < ftx) < e* ;Y x e (0, 1)
2
e* < f(x) 3 e*- ;V r e (1, -)
2
lim(e' ) = e
Iim(e') = r+1
r+1
Ans.
Hence, /(r) = e by sandwich theorem'
rISr,
11. 15
32. Atr = o.-q.1.
'2'2' 2' 2
-=T
- n2 + e4 + e6 +... + eloo - - l) = ,'oo - 1
"2((e2)50
2e2k2 - t) z(e2 - t)
Ans.
(pz-t)(x-2)-2; -2<x<-l
35. f(Y) = -2(p'-l)-2; x=-1
e' + e-')
(
sl+l+lPltr-1);
)
-t<x<2
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Dffi renti:gl@! 91
Limits, Continuity and
I r(r - 1) 2V + 2) 20151
36.Given, O,=1 r I -6
l r' 4r ol I
11 4 o I
t$^) 11 I ol
Hence,
t*l+;l=il I ;i=u(, -il=B Ans
t l'" "l J
37. As, (r + sinx -.r cosr - tanx) = x(l -cosr) + ti"'[f
*)
= I (1 - cosr) - tanr(l - cosr) =(x - lanx)'(1 -
cosr)
(x - tanx )(t - "gry)
I t )\ *z )
So,,Iirlg = exist and non-zero,
,, -,
So, n'=5 Ans'
-
88. wehave, "-=ll+J-.'-t#)]
- * r-l-' *'l ' [[,.,- +l' - rl-'
-l. m
=(*
(d*)il- =IS-LJ-*'
m, - *
L\ ] ) *) -l
l\-
'[[,. '
*)- -,] - r,-' An*
),:J,^)'- =;T{,.;)
= 1 (e =
]
1
39' Let f(x\=x*
t,t^.\ -".irt.r,
= r-
-1)
= l'\x) ,,
[ ,)
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92 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
-;1':'-"""'
= rim(200e,,0,0 {r.' [ggg::]"]]
lrzoogrro,o ,l
= (200e)2010 Ans.
l^ I
40. L= Iim f
cot-rtlnrrlll-t"' ,r-,
x+o-[ r )
L.H.L.=ft0-)=er Ex -e n
_1
/(0*)= f(0 )=e n =l? Ans.
41. In right vicinity of x = n cotr -+ + @ = 2cotx ,3cotx, 5tot' --; -
In leftvicinity ofx = n cotx -+ - @:+ zcotx )gcotx, s"ot' -+ o
I/2\tot' +ti3)"ot* - 2
I I -b+
i. s,t \ 5/ 5 cotr -5
.'. R.H.L. lim
x -)n* / 4 \tot't / 3\"ot " 1 -1
I s,]
I I +l-
' (s,t l
-r* 5 cotr
ocotx
z ocotJ
t o 5.5"ot* + 2
L.H.L. lim - ?= 2+l = D.N.E. Ans.
x -)fr 4cotx *2utx _ 5cotr *1 1
h I a-o
l/'(r) l< 0
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93
Limits, Continuity and Differen tiabilit'y
"(
*\
) f(D '\z;')= t!y= f'(o)
e* -l
lim
= ,-* _Iim- 4+=.rim
i'--onn -t h+o h !y,t9;t9=
_,
"),
f(x)=e* -l
* 1
+l
- 6f2(x)+ 11 f(r) - 6 = o
45. 13(x)
->-
l uay
,l
ffzk) - 3f (r) + 2) (f(x) - 3) = o ,f-jluv
-
(f(il - 1) (/(r) - 2; (f('x) -3) = 0
f(x)=1or2or3
(i) If L.H.L. + R.H.L. * /(0)
-+-
Then number of such functions = 3l= 6. (See diagfam)
(ii) If any two of L.H.L. /(0- ), R.H.L. /(0n ) and f(0) are equal and third one is not
2C, 1g
zx
3C
equal then number of such functions - 'C , ^ = '
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94 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
,3 - 1 forr<0
1
48. f@) =l - i4 t l* - 2l+ lx + 2l) for0< r < 2
f,U*-ri+tx+2l)
7 -xJ forx>2
,'.b-a=6 Ans.
=
)]y*f'(r)
+
(C) (also see figure for
0
"1*-t ,']y*-o
Hence, lim /(r) = L and lim l"(r) = 0 Ans.
IJ@ I-)@
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96 GRBProbtemsinCatcuty'*!!ti::!**..8e!Y".!"i^o-np)
g(r) is discontinuous at r = 0
= Ans.
s(o-) * g (0n)
Paragraph for Question Nos. 3 to 5
osI- 2<l+6<y<9
3
(i) cr= Z9=!1,T=6,7,8
Number of ordered triplets (cr, F, y) is 6. Ans.
Ans.
t"'
(ii),,,,r l[""u'-l * ['i"z'.1 * [=t"t'11 = b + 6 + 7 = 18
*'1'blrl , I L , I L , ),
(iii) P=2
lrr\ .r
r tannl I
l44)
ls -2tan -.x,)
ti.,.,
1l
-e )"
r *2 \
I
8 )
ti- l3-2tm n, \
-1 ) ta
tan
rnL
lrr\I
\44)
l
r ,Z\ 8 '=eL )"
e
x-2 \ 8 4 )
\ .4
(tn) (n\
2ta1n
rnl tx + tan
nm z11-
r)
tan--x ) It8) = lim
Ir.Jr -9
= x-2
8 ). x+2 l-\
I z( n) t+tanlllr
r-tarr2lI],
s.] I \8,]
r_\ *'-(*n
,.*,-ll*' - Jrn - ror' * ro
l_ lim -1012+r"o) Ans.
" ,.rr* 1 I
xc
2
- 1012 + 10
[ )
Paragraph for Question Nos. 8 to lO
(i) If cr -e -, then a --> 0
P(x)=bx+c
Now, P(2) =2b + c =9andP'(3) = b= 5*c = -l+PG) = 5r -1
tF .rtr limr5r-1-5r*i), 4
AsP(2)=9+P(2) =a(2-a)2 =9 +a
(2- a)'
9
..(r-u)2
Now, fir,
'=t [r-
L
tan2 1,n -t*
\4 - ",]"1(e'-o
))
- 1)
-.9
= 116
(x - s)2
x+a ()- s)2
--. 1+ tan (; -,, - ",)l [, - ,,, [; -,, - t,'- "
*r)] _1)
-.
o
J h2
llm
-+o (2
n
- u)2
z(r-t-tanh)rr, -r,
-
[ 1 + tanh)
lim
o
" h2(l+ tanh) 9
lim " 9o
n-+o (2- o)2 .z ztay! .ko r) .n, 4 (2 - a)2 u+o{(2-a)2 = 1.6 Ans.
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98 GRB Problems in Calutlus (Hints & Solutions)
Q=r=A
P(r) = *" -gxn * p*3 - 27 xz
'.'A.M. = G.M.
= a - 0- y
3U=9::ifcL=3=0=Y
P=c;"F+0Y+Yiu=2"i
(i) p+qtr=27+0+0=27 ,\ '
1r1 1 1 1 \ 1
ztt 2 2 3 """' ) z
ml=-
=-l---+---..+. Ans.
(ur) .. /r 1 1 1l
hm l_+____ + _- +......+____| {'.'s=r=0}
, ,,- \27 t27)2 t27 )r r27 )n t
=
1 1 1 br_=\
= Ans.
-+ (rrf* eTrt*""'6= za ^.
-r:!27
Paragraph for Question Nos. 14 to 16
According to given information, we must have /(r) a polynomial of degree 4 with
leading coefficient 3.
So, f(x) =3(x - 2) (r - 3) (r + 1) (r + 6) + (x2 + l)
(i) /(0) = 109 Ans.
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 0Cl
= 3(x -1
- 2)(r -3)(r + 1) (x -:-x€-0,-1,2,8
+ 6)
f -- --
I..--**S. --.r.1-
I..--**s. --.r.1 2
so, rt*r=l!1.
fi*t=J!, 1.r.1
1.r<t
'42
A
"x+4 1<x<*
l+
y : 1ll4
,:*2-1+3
lq
5
I
1
Graph of f(x)
As,g(x)iscontinuorrsatx = 0, so*lim =, -, ...(i)
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100 GRB Problerns in Co.lculus (trIints & Solutions)
l'2 (1 - cosx)
^ I -.2
So.s(r)=l .r+U
JL
[1, r=0
le Graph of h(xt
and i(r) - ]r'+ 1' r < 1
...(ii)
t
1,€l--.-lt_tl
'ol
r1 t 7 -l Ans.
\ J-.,] a
I
L
I
(ii) ,.
Irm f(sin 1.r) 4 sin2 (sin-1r) - 1 linl 4"2-1
-' -: = Iim
1 o1y)
- hrrr
7 9. 't (?-x +l)=2 Ans.
x- no x- 1 ?a: -1 J+ oo - - r+
1
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t*ry:lt:,9"tittyit-t, art . ::i ,
, iiobilitl, 101
(iii) f(sin 1
kx) -3 4 sin2 (sin-lfrr) - 1- B
lirn j---- = IIm
x) -1
2
h@) , -.i ?-x +l
=,T'
-. 4k2x2 -
z- .I
4
0l
I
b+
I
o *o ]l*cl 0- e3+ e5)1...
O I t\
"[t_
\ 2t 4t)) 3! 5t)
lim \
t
- 0+0
e3
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103
Li rnits, Continuity and Differ entiability
Ans.
So b = ZsoC = G 2 - a)i.e,pointis(- 2 - a, 0).
=f'(0)+e'-1-?rc
=l+e'-l-%c=e" -2x
f(x)=e' -x2 +7"
flO)=1-0+1.=1.=-1
f(x)=e'-x2 -l
it ftz)=e2 -4-l=e2 -5
{fe\="2 -5-2=ez -'l l'.'7 < ez <81 Ans.
,.
l+?^x*9'+...-zx-7
2t
= IIIII -9 Ans.
r +o- *2
iii ) g(x)=f(x)+x2 -2=ex -x2 -l+*'-2
-
8(r)=e'-B
sraph = ls(lr l) lis -
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GRB Problems in Calculus Hints & Solutions)
:y
x
,1 n (-
-/pxln-lirlm
tm- tt --- 1 ) =prrimli[r-[1 - ']')*,
+* fL
r=1 [ (r+1) )*n n+@n4r\ lr r+t))
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 105
rim !("-[r--L)].^
=pr n+-72[ 1 n+l))
=pr n'@n(n+l)
lim a\=px+)v
-t
l"', x<o
Now, flr) =.1
I
g, r =0
[r*+], r>0
I
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106 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
1
1
n*(kn -
1i*[/(-l))) =n-' = r+0\
z. :+0\ Bx7 + Cx2 -Dx+E n-3
lar / b,3 I' =
A
= 2
=-3+A=-6
So, f(x) = (- 6xa - ?nz) Ans.
3. At x =2,
R.H.D. =5+11-rl=5+1=6
L.H.D. = 5
So, f(r) is continuous but not differentiable at x = 2.
Aliter:
[5x+1, x<2 lbr + l- x<2
l2
f(x)=li ,.-t)dt+i{++t>at, x>2 =
1t* +* +1- , x>2
Ans.
[o I lz
4. r=tan0,y=sece
(A) yB -x3=sec30-tan30
(B) lim (seco - tano) = li*
1- tilo
=o
o-tr22 o+r cos0
x Ans.
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Limits. Continuity and Di,fferentiability 107
7. f(x) =
1 - cos{r}
*2(*2 +ax2 +bx+c)z
xB +axz +bx+c=(x, -1)(r -2)(x -B)=r'-612 +l1x-G
a+b+c=-t
1- cos{r}
f(x) =
*2((x - 1) (r - 2) (x - B))2
Now,
.1
l=-.m=-andfL=-
1 1
8' I 72
-19
.'. l+m+n=-.
72
8. Graphofy=91*1
From the graph it is clear that
(A) range of g(;) is [- 4, -)
(B) lim [g(r)] = - 1
r +0-
s12
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108 9ff ?rs 9 lsry: "in -QsMy p".
t!!iu:*& -&-!yt!p r e)
A
--*--2, . 2tare- -
Also, tanA=!=
3 1-hn24 =trrr42 =12 Ans.
1 1
= 2sin2cr+3cosp+S=n+.4-
'k
.25
" k - - * ?!
k+
. .ln.zJ =h >to
2\hk
But L.H.S. < 10
So. both L.H.S. and R.H.S. should be equal to 10.
sinlo cr + coss B
Hence, Ans.
sin2 cr + cosp
ftxt|/l1*hl-1l
\ xl
r*h (h e(t l'l-,
x\
r+gl(h\
_
[ ) \x )) lim-"\ri-f(x\
I
= lim
i+0
= f(r) lim =ftx). l-o
x x
f' ti =
fk) 7-
= + f{x\ = cx
x =frGl
f(xl x
As/(r) = 1=c=1
Hence, f(x) = x Ans.
12. Given,
ln(2 + *2) - *2" sin(*2)
/(r) =,lim
I-l.^ -
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 109
2),
- sin(r -m(tr(-1
ln 3 - sinl
[lr, (2 + ,'), <l *2 , r--1
-.
for0 S
1
2
lkr3-rirr1 forx2 =1
Now, l(x\=l o , = ln(2 + x2), -1<r<1
In3-sin1 x =l
[-.ir,lr't, for12 > 1
2'
- sin (r2), 1<r<-
Now, verify alternatives. Ans.
Note: /1r) is an even fitur:tion rrlso.
(A) As, f(x) and g(r) are continuous for every r e -B and fog (x) is defrned, then
obviously f@(x)) is also continuous for every x e R.
(B) As, /(r) is continuous on .R such that lim f(x) = 0 and lim fG) = 0, so clearly
r r- @
/(x) must be bounded
(C) Let i@) = cos (nr) - 3r + 1
Clearly, f(.x) is a continuous function in [0, 1]'
Also /'(0) = 1 - 0 + I = 2 and f(1) = - I - 3 + 1 = - 3 =+ /(0) f(1) < 0
So, by intermediate value theorem, the equation f(x) = 0 has atleast one root in (0, 1).
Note that f'G)=-nsin(nx)-3<0Vre[0,il * f@) is strictly decreasing
function on [0, 1].
Hence, the equation f(x) = 0 will have exactly one root in (0, 1).
(D) We know that every continuous function in [o, b] is always bounded.
So, there exists some c e la, bl where f(r) attains its maximum value.
So, by extreme value bheorem, f(c) > f(x) Y x e la, bl.
r4. a,,, b,r, cn atethe roots of t:) - (2n + 1)t2 + (2n,- 1) f + 1 = 0
Hence, f = 1or t = tt -{"\lort =nn rff nt
Since, ct, > b, > c,,
r ^---
o,=ft+r/r'+7>l>n-
on=
t_
nLI+
\
/;ll"') (B)
Now, lim Iirn =2 .-+
n IL
lim
or=
n
lim
"[,- F+
n
=0+(C) Ans.
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110
_*qBPft _,gl-ertingplqylyp.*(lrfu!t*Fglylelg
cosZ *
I- - ____
15, h = lim x
-1
.f, -+@ -I + -,---
sinx .
lc
lz lim z'l
' = h-o* Jo hz-!-d* lim I zlt^r-, Llt = rl''
= = n--r- Ans.
+ x2 l- n-*-' h)o_
Not,f ,n =, ,r428s7.and z= 3.i4tse2e]
l?
16. Given, f'(t) = e' (cos2 t - sin2t)
.'. Integrate both. sides with respeo to f , we get
f(t)=et cos2t+C
But, /(0) = 1+C=0
So, f(t) = e' cosz t
Clearly,
[As,--q1 <0so0 <e' < land0 < cos2t < 1=0 <e, cos2t sL=fisboundedin
(-*,0).1
Note that / is neither odd nor even function.
Also f(t) = et =e' cos2[ = st qcos2, = 1
.'. t = 0, n, 2n e 10, 2nl . So, 3 solutions exist.
1
Also, 1-,0
lim (/0lrr (l-form) er, where z = lim cosz t - t)l,9
,""*]
=
ifolle' t )l,g'".",,J
e'(cos2 t - sin 2f)
= li1m = e' (UsingL'Hospital rule) Ans.
,++0
t-
Ir
lri*i- 1-n-2.
t ; ,"
t)
+.....+(2n-1)).,
_ ltxl, x+)
r
17. f(x't=],,*11+n2 ,f
"' n+n" ) 2
I
ft
L, X=-
t 2
13 (2n
\.n-L) ( =_-;_
(2r I * _-;:J (2n-1)
+... + .-.- - :. <- 1
I-I- (2n 1)
"' + _q
. I - '
n+n2 n+12 (n+
(n- n2) l+n2 z+"2
(rt
1n.+nz) --'- l+n2
+_-r 3 r
(2n -.7)
7+nz l+n2
n2 <____J__I g
-_ I a \2n-t)
+.....+,-'' . n2
".-_2", 1;;* u n,
,
+rr u ;
lim t' .. lim
=1and ,r-*7+n2, =1 n
n'*n*fi"
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 111
( 1
-. s +.....+ (2n-1))
"- r' l=f
l----:-+--:
lim
,--[l+n" 2+n" " n+rt" )
* f(x) is unbounded'
Now..,atr = I
,,*
lrm [ln(x+1)'l
=_ .;o;I l___ xrtr+1t
x )
=-(1)2 x0x(0+1)=0
Hence l= 1.
-r)/2. -r)
(D)
x+0
2' 5'
lim 10* - -
.r+tan.f,
+ 1' lim
= r+0
,
t,s''
[ ]1. * ,)* =0 =(D) vanishes. Ans.
lr
( * '""{l
r)
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712 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
e_ltan'.r l
I
= L= I+6lim
^ t?'.i., 1 2
8"ot-1
ltzxl+ ,*t -Bk
x';
Now, if ft = 0, then , =?+ =;
;',
And,iffr *0,then L = _=]= h2 -3k- 4 =0 *k= 4, _ !_
=-*
0+k2-Bk 2
Now, verify alternatives. Ans.
Let x e[m, m + 1) where m e I then f(x) = x + [x) - x + m.
': f'(x) = 1 > 0 Y x e(m, m + L):. f(x) is strictly increasing
;...f -t(x) exists.
y - f(x) = x + mlx = y - nl.
but m4x <tn.+L...2m<x +tn<2m+L,..2m< y <2m+I
ly)=2m .'. m ='+ . = y - m = y -t+= f-t(y)
f-'(*)=, - I2 Y x e[2m, 2m + l)where rn e.I
f. Vxe[0, 1)
Now, f'(x)= x +[x]=.], * 1 Vr e[L,2)
which is discontinuous at *"l;"r""J;:';r?,
Consider, f*1(*) = * -l4where x e l2m, 2m + lj.
lx Vre[0, 1)
]*-r vre[2,3)
l* - z V -re [4, 5)
clearly,. f-'(*) is continuous y x e[2m, 2m + r)where z e.I considerins
-rtx) only R.H.L. exists and is equal to
,lim f f-L(zm) f -i(- ir;;;ri"";;: ..:.
I r*]
l,-*', x<o
(-1,-1)
(C)f(.r) =r'sgt, = 10, r =0
l*', r>o
(D) As, is continuous on [-1, il and f e 1) = 4, f(7) = 3
f
= there exists a number r such that lrl
< 1 and f(r) = n .
25. f@) = max. (x, x2, x31 Ans.
(c
l*'r -rc(r(0
= 1*, 0 < r < L
l"', 1(t<- Ciraph of y: f(x)
Now verify alternatives.
Note : ,f(ru) it continuous V re R but non-derivable at 2 points viz. x =0,L.
24. (A) l'(x) = r - cosr ;/(0) < 0, f(nl 2) > 0
(B) /(r)=x*sinr-1
,r(0) = - 1< 0; f'(rl6) = * n 1- 1> 0
62
(C) f'tx) = a(x - 3) + b(r - 1) in [1, 3]
f(t) = - 2a < 0; f$) = 2b > 0 = fk) =0 in (1, 3)
(D) h(r) = f(x't - g(r)
hb)=f(a)-g(o)>0
f(b) * e$) <0
h(bi) =
Hence using IVT all the four have at least one root in indicated interval. Ans.
(A) Incorrecb. For example,
[2, x =o
gtr)=lx, O<x<2
I
lo, x=2
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Onto but discontinuous. Onto and continuous.
!*1_l .G!H|B- Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
.'. Wemusthaveeithera=-B,b*LorS=\a*-B
Ans.
p cos.r
i +Jr
27. lim ex
==L=o=s€E-{o}
r +0+ 1+sinx u+q
I + q cos.r
er
+1
pcosx+xex
lim =P=0
r+0 1
1+sinx+qcosxer
p=0,s€R-{0} Ans.
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115
Limits, Continuity and Differen tiabilitl'
Pr1)
I gI Dr+3r
30. lim ro 4'=
f(x)= xlim t
lim''",'=0
r. >o' -@ et-
n)^
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Exercise-4
Match the Columns Type
o (0, o)
(D)
f(x) is non-derivable at
2points x=xlandx=l
=sgn(*2 -* +1)=1
-3 ; -2sx <-rl2
-Z i -nl2<x<-nl4
:+ -1 ; -rcl4<x<0
fr.j,) =[gl=
Lr_l 0 ; 0<x<nl4
I ; nl4<x<nl2 H
2 ; rl2<x<2
Clearlyfr is discontinuous and hence non-derivable at 5 points uiz.
1r,I^]T7T
x=--.--.U.-.- 42
2'4'
Also.E6 = {- 3, - 2, - l, O, l, 2}=(A)-+P, Q, R, S, T Ans.
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118 GRB proaZems in Calgulus (Hints & Solutions)
(B) -+P, Q, S, T
Ans.
(c) fs(x) = max (k), i- rl)
:l
= 1t2
x
U2 tu U2 | 3,2 2
-2 3t2 -t
Clearly, /3 is discontinuous at 5 points uiz. x = 2, l, O, l, 2
- -
- - - l, - ! , 0, !, ,,2,
and non-derivable at 9 points r-tiz. x = 2,
Z,
, Ans.
Note: as fi is discontinuous atr, = -2and2so f, is non-derivable atx = -2 and 2 because
continuitv is mr-rst necessarv for derivabilin,
[-x+4 -2<x-l
]-,*r -1<x<0
0Sr<1 2().3\
=lrl+lxlz =\x ,/.t'x+l
lr+1 l<x<2 (1.3)
^"_4,
f-a
Iu
- o\
x (q + b) + x" (b +B) *r""(h
i 2_ 6l*.....
L=6lim--
r+0 X"
-L=6(q-g)
\2 6)
+ a +b =0andb + 3 = 0+b = -3' Alsoo =3
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1.20
$f[l31!kn2 1y1^ _C*g!c
yl u s (H i n t s & S o I u t i o n s)
a).
[sinr x 0
<
(-2,0) Q,a)
So, we have to check differentiability at only 3 points. i.e., lc = {_ Z 0,2} =r (e) Ans.
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 121
6.
[_sin_r, r <0
(A)
llll. o<x<2n
f(x)={l 3l'
l-"o.r, 2rc3x <}rc
I
[-1 x 23n
Clearly, f(r) is discontinuous at 3, 6,2rc*3 points. = (R) Ans.
(B) ,. ln(l + x + x2 +...+ x") \x + x2 +...+ x") .
llJIl_._=I.
:+0 (X+X2+...+X") nX
lim
L+x+x2+,..+x"-l=1=1
*+0 n5
= z=5= (T)
(C) 8(r) = ixQ.tc + L) (?-x - 1) | cos(rr)
So, g(x) is differentiable at, = +, 1.
2'2
6(r) is "oririrr,rorr* at x =0, but non-differentiable at r = 0.
+ Number of points equal 1.
4)_
(D) ri*[ f(2+3h fQ-5h4 _ r.^({ frz*snot- flzt\*r( fo- 5h4) - f(2)
ft +o[ h' a -o[ [ ghq (.
,, - 5h4 ))
')
=8f'(2)=t(i)=2+(Q) Ans.
( -,n )
r-sinr-cos'["',J
7. (A) lim
-+0
* x',
*.-,[,
-14
2
z; )
(B) lim J-, , ""-'I t**i) =-1=(P) Ans.
r -+0 x'
2-x - sinZ-x - *" ,[r?r,)
(C) lim (Q) Ans.
r+0 3
,c-
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722 QRB- Ppplryq trsgkyly_(HiryE & Sotutions)
- *J
(D) lim
; [""'[*,-'[r 3,))J,*"-'[, T-z.r
22a Ans.
I+@
[t*"o.t) IE
t 2
llt
"o.-tl
[r)
I
7 , ., tu. 1-.
,-{,_1J] "'(-o)
8.(B) LetL=limln-
Exercise-5
lnteger Answer Type
(n
cos-r(1 - n').(cos-r(1 -h))z
. [r-
l. 'fl0-)=lim\' ) fi
lim
(cos- 1(1 - hD2 r0j
h --:0 2h .(l - h2)
A
t It +O lo/
Put cos-1(1- /z) = e
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L_iy:!', c",f!y:yt_l t23
",ldlj[tg!l!!,"!l!ity -
tr=ptGiven)
f(0.)=
,2
2
- (1 - h)2) (cos-l(1 - $- DDz -- 7I ..lrm sin-1(t-(t- h2)) = It_=Q
1(1 2
sin-
/(0- ) =
8 n-+o (1- (1 - rr,2)
rlim 2(7- h)(t - (r - D2) 8
(Given)
( nn\ r/2
'':- xfi=4 Ans.
lt"l=
Iq/ n'18
/ / -r\
= tanlsin-'l*'a,J,]
"18 "6
,l*'-Br+1
- tc =3r2 - 9r + 3
1^
*3x2 -10r+3=0 + (3r*1)(r-3)=0 + x=-.6
3',
[ ,l
( 3 cosr
cos.r+-*-i...-l- 5 cosr (2n + 1) cos.r
Itm
= ,-{2
22 23 2"
cosf, Scosx Scosr
l\x)= 2 * 2, * ,, +...€
1 ^. . cosr Scosr +... + €
,l\xl =:zr-
*
z,
1 ^. cos.r 2cosx 2cosx
\*' --- + - --+ --- +...6
t(x)=
2t 2 22 23
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124 GRB proUtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
a. f@) = sgin((r -2)2 + ft2). Clearly flr) is discontinuous at exactly one point i.e.,
x=2fork=0.
tan-t k+ cos-1 + cosec-l( zk_ t) = o n
i: (#)
& =o
_
=
r:*
IIITI
zt2 -t -l-(t2 -t +l)
''*trlzt2 -t -1*,,p -t l:*t.tt,D,-tl
t2 -2 1
=----=----=
G,ll+Dfii-u
Now,llr - ! - Gl = &has four distinct solutions if &e (0,6).
.'. Number of integral values of &is 5.
Ans.
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 725
^' - - v r 1
7. f(xy)=f(x)+f{y)+*'' vr,y>0
x,y
f'(*) =
+ h) - f(x)
t5'rc h
h\*
f(x) + r(t +
\ x/
Iim
= h+O
h
h
f(r*ol-rrl x+ *(r*h
h,,l \ x/ +
x Ix
,-.rl h
h,c .(r + h)
\ x/
fr)-
(
r(r * roi
lim I
o -o x'..1
I x
*+ r..f'(r)=21
f'G)=1xx'
f(x\=l.tr-1+. x,
Putting r = 1
l+cnz
-' lim
As,
;;;(2n+B+2sinn)z 4' 4 2
in
'l' ,\-
Now both roots lies [2, -).
D > o.
'2a
-*!. z and
*l 'u
f(2) > 0, where f(x) = *2 - 2p* + pz
D = 4p2 - 4p'+ 4 >0
=lr9 =p>2 ...(i)
2a
f(z)=4-4p+ p2 -l>O =p2 -4p+3>O
:+ (p-1)(p-3)>0 ... (ii)
(i) n (ii)
= p >3.'.p,,i,, = 3.
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Ans.
726 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
r-.or[r-t"J,.-r))
\4
119+; =,lim
t o
))
x'
=!
,'- isin4x
f(o-)=r+0- X
=2-)"=!2
/(0) + 2)"=3 Ans.
10. As sin-1 a, + sin-' *, ... + sin-l an - U
2
/x
Hence, 6G+d=619+rl=rr Ans.
\o)
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 727
\ -1 .g= j
l.(1+cos20+cose)=-
)2 2
/ - / ar3
l,E.o.l"-ell
i \4 )) -2^{,
and limtr
(coso+sin0)3 -2J, (*
L-sin20 \
0'+
4 1 - cos [; - ,n.J
- 2Jrir - .o*''
[X
- r)
2 sinz (; - .)
)
PutfI-e)=r.then
\4 )
-. ( - ,12 tt -cos3
, t) ,. ( - "E tt -cos t) (1 + cos f * .o.'r))
)
=lrm!
r-o[ sin2, )
I=
lll1 tr - .mrrrr . .". tl t
.'.m- -3J' - 3
2 ^1,
So.l2 + *' =? *9- =27
'424
Hence, U2 + m2l = 6 Ans.
;:;i) ,3 x'1
-+0 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 l
x'l,( 1 + (2r)
f tlx) ft4xt ft5,rrti
l
[/trl f
(1-f(x))
' +$-fl%c)t+...... +
(1-f(5-r))
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728 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
[5t5+1))2
2 )
=\ 5
=4s Ans.
13. Note that lengths of the direct common tangent on two circles, tzingent to each
other.
1= 1* 1
...(i)
J; "tR, ,tR,
but Rt=Rz=1(Given)
L=z=r,' = 1
Jt, 22
=1+2=3
1
oo2
o
1
llVv fn=
(n + 1)2
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiabll4Z
t29
continuousatx=1 = f(1-)=F(1*)=F(1)
= ftt-)=s(1-)= llf!.i
) 1(1+b) -5+a-+b
4+a=L+b=(4+o) 22
b-a=3 .. .(i)
= b-l=4-d=3+b--a
2
a+b=5 ...(ii)
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130 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
x
o , 0 <x <2
: -0r 4x' 2
lim ln(1 -r) + o tan-l x + 2= 2
: +0-
ln(l+ h)+atan-I (- h)+2-2
f'(0-)
' =.lim
h+o -h.
,. ----------:-
llm a tan-L (- h\
b -r ---------------
ln (1 +
= - 1+o
h--->0 - h -h
e2h -2h-l
'=- --" o
- Z
f'(O*) = lim fr" = lim
e2h-zh-l-2h2
h-+0 h h--+o h3
-47
.'.A-L=*=O=_
33
ga2 +b2 +c2 =g.9+4+4=b7
= 9
fi. ffolcan be taken in 2 ways{-f(0)
=1
" _:/t0)=_1
-l
llllyatx=1,2,3,4 Bpossibilities -. -.
think !
and at r =b only one possibility_.1
.'.Total number offunctions = 2 x 84 x L = 162.
f or
18. Letf'
I !2ll_>,Ebe
afunctiondefined as f(x) =l}x)-{Zx}.
'lO,
fk)=terl
f
-{2r}
or
, e I O, 9 ldiscontinuous at
I 2,)
-r
1214
=3. -. :. --. 1 Ans.
3 2's',
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 131
also 2mo = o,
(median to the hypotenuse is half as along as hypotenuse)'
a.ho =bc = L;A = 90o ...(ii)
A
2bccosll \l rx,
and uro
2 = _ ZOc ...trul
b+c b+c
ra+crI $E;e+{b+c)]
lim
6+c 2bc
(,t* 1'lI
lim
( r,/L "8l:.4 +0+D] 212 + 21
Ans.
t-7 2 I
h-l
Now o7, -ar= \(an+t - &n) = \n* + s) = 4(t? - rrg + Ytt? - t) = 2k2 + h - 3
n=l n=1
= ap=2k'+k-3
r)
"',t [' 5)= fr-t-"{ = y-t# "# D,:: +:.l"n-O=ou
lae+d=ap*r)
=
cL=-2, 0=-1
, ln3
-n"t"n-nt
L.H.L. = lim
h -s0
e = nlns = B=/(0-) = f(O) = 11 =g
r;
R.H.L.=b lim ln(l+eh' -t+2Ji).("h' -l+z'li) 'tro:=2b=b=3
h+o no'-l+znli Ji tan,lh 2
ex
=e -e+--e. ,I -e+- 2
- o-l
.rlclt 2 \'|
t r-ll
2'3 "'l
l- ( * ex f1 1\, +...
I
x2 I
l
I
The limit = I +
1) l1e
"( \3 E)= %
24. Putn=1
v
1
hrl '.y l -2
[1+r)r -nz !t
ltrrflr12 e
2 \r-Y
!
t
\1l--vy ) o .- e -1
ti-[1-YJ.
y ,o
=]i-J
y-o .2,
hm---
-- =€" y-0 y."
.yz v-
rJUl-z
It - v,/ -1
,
lim
=e' y-+o 2
v
,( 2\ 2e2
=Ulil=?=a=2; b--3
Ans.
25,
Let tan-7 x =t
tant - nta"fl)
\n)
L=lim
--)0
i
""{;) -
t'ant
IIt+--+ 2 -) (t f 1 )
t" -:+51-nl:+r---+...1
lo
\o 15 J [" n'3 )
= lim ^\
I -+0
+t5ol- +...1 I
4:.*'r. ) t .))
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734 GBq pjQ{gry4 .C*qlglilttg (Hints & Solutions)
-r,1,).
-,-u[]
'-0,'[-
- 'lr"';)- -'-r2"\
=l['-,1) =-,(:._,)-_1 S
t
i- ,b). l(' ] )
f(n)=-r*j-
' 2n2 +l
2n2 +1 l+ f(*)
2n2 =
3
- -1=2-f(x)
L+ f(*) l+ f(x)
f, ?-
,1tl+ftnl -,,?,"
t:,",' =r$ ,z -2(to(!1)Q1) =10x
6
L1.x7 =770- Ans.
lim
:' f(x) =
(" 'l'"o.,
lim ^' I .i.,sin.....sin(r) *r*[
\2+J2cosx) 3
- lz*Ji"or*) !vD4
[2+ J2 cosr ]
/- _ \
* el:, 1 * a I rairia"a by B, )
\4'4 )
, . (n - u;)(divided
^ n\ bv dZ
cos x + 2)")
[;
, 0,ret-,-+ot
_tn n -\
|
flx) =.1 I, \,4 4 {=hm
----'f(x)=g=l
I tn - n\
l--:-'x€l--d'-l r--''
lsrn.r \4 4) 4
lim_ flr) = Ji = rn
r+--fr
4
12 + m2 = 2. Ans.
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Limits, Continuity and Differentiability 135
v sin-1(y - 2)
=(r, y)lim (1, 2) (r-1) (y_2)
-r
.(rv+1)
tan
y-x
= riml 'f.
v) '11.2lt (r-1) (y-2)
Ltoexist tan-rU
s] = tan- 1
3 (Important step)
J'-x
xY+l
.-=L)
o
y-x
xy +1=3Y -3x
*-- 3v -ly
3+
'lx.) = 3r-1
t^-r..
3+x
-1
llm' f-l(r) =-=- 1
3 Ans.
..^'-igr_t
'-z ^ 10
'*5
28. fk)=(20<x<7
{o r = 1
11 r > 1
I
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136 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Then A- 6n 6n
1l
4n
nh sln nh
cos_ - __
Itcosl--- rhl
ri* [a. 66 = liml h. 6- l-o = tim h
, -OL i+01
I ZsrnnhlI ft +0^
nh nh
J STN zsin'-'-
4 I 4-) 4
..
=llm--=-
1 2
Ans.
h+O^ nh Tt n
Z cos
44
1 I
(1+3r +2-x2)i - (1 + 3r - 2tr2), r0)
S0. .L = lim
r -+0 xr [o']
u -{-$*u)2
= ti., -11_-rl" el_-5^,
x+0n'[9
t
-
'2- -13 "3, L = 4eB =k= 4.Hence l2k =
and L2 4g. Ans.
3L. Given aL =11a2 = sina, = sinl
dB=sino2=sin(sin1)
04 = sinos = sin(sin(sin1))
au = sina4 = sin(sin(sin(sin1)))
= at = \ d,21 ag;..., o, is a decreasing sequence
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Limits, Contin uity and Differentiability 737
(z:-.'1-1' -lt-;
,2
=- I=
- iTi,(et
lz)
\ =__o_=-11"-=e=-
-2-,2 z
.'. h -, Ans'
=[r.-=l*[r*'l' + -l*[r*=+-l*
u'*r-l s,'*1.] *[,.-+ .l
[- ,'*i.] [- L "*'*1.j
=t+2+ + n-[=r].["-].[n-]. .[,,+=]
Forr >0,
x11
x2+l **! 2
x
11
2tc2 + t u *r 2"li
)c
x11 -2"[i
nx2 +l n**1
.l=...=[--j-.1=o
, ,
tc
[ r.]l=[lu2 r) lnx2 t)
f*'z + + +
Now,
l
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138 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Ans.
n1
33.S=t jtu, 't ,r=n
fr, 2" 2tt-t 4
Since tan x = cot x, - 2 cot ?-x ...(i)
11
:tanx=-cotx-cotb
22
1xlrc1
-tan-=-Cot --cotx
2222222
S=l
lz'l
\)
s=fAtan--I-:-cot2r)
\ 2, 2n-r )
n+6
lims =(!. * =.1.oti-i-) -cotzr)
\2 2r-t x \2"-t) )
S=* -cot?-x,outx=[
9
S=a
1l
I
(100r)L=100n.4=200 Ans.
7T
,4 r I ro.n-1+1-]
' (2r-D(2r+il 16lt2r-1){2r+1)]
f=-=_l I
r.=!lr+r'-ut+r'*u+t-l= r lrnr,*,* 1 I
' 16 1 +r2-t ] tol (2r-r)er+7))
= !1,+,r+r)+1(Qr
+7) -Qr-L'll=1
nr, *r*1[ 1 - t ]l
'-'2[tzr_rl
16 1 2\r2r-ror+ri/_] 16 I1^' er+i))
..-s--1t.rnayr+Ayf 1 1
,, 4L. 16L_ B2L\2r_l - 2r+l)
I
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Limits, Continuity and, Differentiability 139
=t*t*V*
t2'8
tl, I =t-*t*u!*l!(Given)
48 16[22+1J A B C D
So, A=12,8=&C=48;D=16
Hence, A+B+C+D=84 Ans.
l3o*', ocr<l
f'k)=l-zn.i,,n *J
I ^, l<x<2
L+x''
11
',JA=--A=-
26
b=!-z*L=n-13
4646412 =n -?6
) kt - 6,hz - 12 .'. kz - h, --6 Ans.
Given
n23
22
-+n=-
... n2 + 2n =3=n2 + 2n - 3= 0 =(ru + 3) (ru - 1) = 0
n=lotn=-3
Since, n.e N.
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140 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
38. Letcr+p+y=Q
Hence, cos (cr + p) + cos (0 + y) + cos (y * ct) = cos (0- cr) + cos (t -Bl + cos (0 - y)
=2cos2Q+2sin20=2
Hence, a = 2
ln
-
.'. x-z.,fx-2+rl
lim -:!--!-: =z Ans.
x-rl2
n<x<n+*1
39. r(x,=1,F1-+Tf 1
2
'+1-x n+-<x<n+I
| 2
.'. Graph of f(xt will be
v:ll2
x
2 -l
Clearly, f(x) is continuous in ,E but not differentiable at x =, + I2 .rd nV ne L
.'. Not differentiable at 19 points in (- 5, 5).
Also /(r) is periodic with fundamental period 1.
= 19 points Ans.
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Limits, Con tinuity and Differentiability l4L
(e
fk) =7*'^- *, * al,e\*) -{*2 - "*'
* 32 g(x), x e R
40. Given u,,d.hkr = fk).
lx'-ax, r>1- lx"-4x, x>2
landx =2.
Now, define ft(t) in the n.b.d. of x =
1 urrd h(x)={t,x2 -ax)(x2 -cx)' x<2
h(x)=f(x).s(r)={('2
+x)(x2
, cx),'s
l{x2 -ax){x2 -cx), x>l l.(r' - ax) (x2 - 4x), x > 2
Note : (r) is discontinuous V a e {1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6l
"f
B(r) is discontinuous if c + 4.
Nr : Given both f(r) and g(r) are discontinuous
Hence, o--+6waYs Nr=6x5=30
c + 5waYs
N2 since g(r) is discontinuous.'.c * 4'
Now, h(r) is continuorrs at r = 1.
h(7- ) = lr(1* ) + 2 (l - c) = (l - a) (1 - c) =+ (1 - c) (1 + o) = 0
l-c=0(a*-1)(Given)
=+ c=l
Also, given h(r) is discontinuous at r = 2.
(4 - 2a) (4 - 2c) * (4 * 2a) (* 4)
(4-2a)(8-2c)*0
(2-a)(4-c)*0
Since c = 1
q,*2 = o-+5waYs
c + lway
. 7\r
_ utr
rY
- 2
Now, N3 given h(r) is discontinuous at x = l.
= (1-c)(o+1)*0 c*L
and given h(x)is continuous atx = 2.
= (2-a)(4-c)=0
ifc=4theno-+6ways
ifa=2thenc-+4ways
Total 10 ways.
Nt =30
Nz=5
Na=10
Total Nl + N, + Ns = 45. Ans.
aL. f(x) = lxz + (a - 2)lxl-2al = l( lrl - 2) (lxl + o) |
Y:X
,Z-v:3
(3. 3) '
A:912
43.
^5
2222'22 2
_. (rr(rf,*)-1 _1)2
IlmI .(ft*t-t\'-n, (1-cos(r-1) )) 7z
- -e
, -r [ (fkt _ t\2 \ , -1 / (x - 7)2
)
e2.7.ry'{l)l' - e2 \=1r'
22
(f'(D)2'4=f' (1) = + 2 = f'(t)=2 {'.'f'(x)>ol 3,q
Now, equation of tangent at (1, /(1)) is
y-l=2(x-1)
2x - y =1
a=1r1x1= 1-1=+. Ans.
224L
45. fyi) = ,r e i" an odd continuous function.
fz@) = b sin r is an odd continuous function.
d(e* -e ^)
(e' + e-')
. (e-'-e*)
fnt-x)=* +e^) =-fn@\
k^
.'.f +(x) is odd function and continuous V r E rB ( '.'Denominator is never zero).
.'.f(r) will be an odd continuous = f(- x) = - f(x)
...F(b) = - band f(zl = + A /(0) = 0
Ifo > 0, thenwhen x -) - *, f(x) -+ - @andwhen x ) + *, fG) -+ + @.
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144 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
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Limits, Continuity and
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Methods of
Differentiation
Exercise-l
Only One Correct Answer
1. f'k\=llrr'
cos.x - sinr
I lu, - sinr - cos.r
6 -1 0 l:f"kt=lA -1 0
locl
lr p' p" I l, p' p'
l6 -cosx sinx
f "'rxt =)6 -1 0
lp p' pt
16 -1 ol
= f "'.0) =16 -1 0 l= 0 (Two identical rows) Ans.
lo p2 p'l
2. -o
y=(2x-3r)5 *!**"or*
d
.'. s'(y)= dx 1
-=
dy
5(2x-Sn)a+4-.iru
.)
D
When ! = 2n
)t - (9r -3n)5 + tr n """^
3'" "o.,
* =3n is the onlv solution
2"
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Methods of Differentiation 747
Alternatively z(gof)(x) = x
+ S'ff@)).f '(x) = I
'f'k)= J
g'\flil) '
Putting fk) = 2r
2tr=(2x-Bn)5 + !**"or*
-----
3--
3n
= x=- (It is only r = ur/ is one-one function)
2 *
/ o-\
'fl!!l=2x
\2 )
:+ 7 7 (.'f'(x)=5(2x-Bn)a +4/3-sinr)
g'(2n)=-+ . =:=9 Ans.
rP+\
\z) 3
cos1.ora.o.a....o. ti'1 .
Given that
2'"" 22 """ 23
"' - ' = ...(i)
2n Z" ,i.r[ , )
\2" )
Taking logarithm to the base 'e' on both sides of equation (i) and then
differentiating w.r.t. r, we get
i +tanjl =l+cot\-.ot,)
Hm
n+*2.
n=t.
$
ctfl
'i,'^"^^r:,,-i':,.
9n n-*l x
;
U, |
jl_
."-l = [] -.ot,))
\,
t '' ,, )
[1-.otr. re(0.^)-]I]
We have ft*l =)* 2
*=, nr,
[ ;'
Clearly, limf(r) = tirr,f l-.ot*l= ?
= f [+'J
,j' 22 *-n\x ) x'\2)
at x=l,Y=1
%(y' +7) + e2Y' + e2 - e - eY' - ez(Y' +l)
eY'+e=0
v'=-l=C=-l
Hence, A+B+C =-B Ans.
1-x Il -'l
g. dY ' +xz +x+l
=4 +1+r +x2 =2n\ '
dxz ",
g \y) =
dx1
dY -l r-'l
ze\ 2)+x2+x+1
,7
When y=-Lthenr=1
6
dv111 Ans.
d* ),=-r,u 2+3 5
)c=1-sinv" =t--r.-(y)
2
1-1tx)=lj-=s(x)
g'(il = 1"or*
,,1,r.1=_1rJ5)__v5
'[oJ zlz)- 4 Ans.
n2 f
" )-l"u )
h+0 = lim
h+0
h
M
th rL1)*2
1 eh \1+i/ _1
q
e'
\n(r- h\ * z
1
,
e' (ti*# r\+)=i I* h \t+h)
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Me tho d s of Diff er e ntiat io n 151
n(L h\*zn
1 ..
llm \L+h)
=
-.
e2 h+o h"
1 -.
llm
ln(1- h) - In,0+ b +2h
=
-.
e2 h-+o h'
12
-n
h- h3
\-(o-4'2 *h'3 -
2 ,f ]1, ).,0
,2h h'
Ans.
llVv /'(o-) =o
Ans.
14. Using L'Hospital's rule 2 times, we get limit = 4'
15. Given, cot 1r + cot 1 y + cot-t(xy, ='# ...(i)
Put r = 1, we get
cot-1 1+ cot-1Y + cot'-l t =#
- -1 (ttn n) 8n
2cot'V-l---l=-=-
2n
" [12 4) t2 3
cot-1 Y = I
.1
= t=|" 1Vd
_r
r)r)
_l r -l 1
la,
!o
lf ,.!! *1'l= o
2 lt*1ld"r lr*rl\ ax Jsl
\- gi \ 3)
-l - llal= 2" I l4)
z +\Je) 4 \dx )
(zJ*+s)-s1ayi
[ +Js ) z\ax.t
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1,52 GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutiorus)
dy -z(Ns+s\ -1 t (L ,
a"=;[ 41g )= s-l./s=-[5*rts)=') Ans.
*a)/ = f o" -1 [But for given 0 it will have only one value]
*dy" =o Ans.
,.
= llm
ln(cosec r)
r+o+ cotx (=)
= *, COS C[
[*.-'I fiost"+Gcosr") )
fi11
-<ct<-
42
=
-1r.* 4A(ft + 1)3 + 3.B(& + 1)2 0
*r-)
n h+0 2h [as'i" 0
2O. fG) = e* + Zx
f'(x)=e'+2
/'(ln3) = 5
As, s'Q)=ft,
+ fitf'r*rt=h
+ fiV-'all l,=1rmar=
,,h = Ans.
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t54 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
,2
o- 1,
and = o (always)
-l
dx'
,9
H"r,.",d-{l -o Ans.
d*" .)p,rl
22. Given 8(r) = (f(2ftx) + 2tl2
g'(x) = 2f(2f(x) + 2).. f '(2f(x) + 2).2f '(x)
So, g'(0) = 2f(2 + 2f (U) . f '(2 + 2f(D 2f '(0)
= g'{0)=-4 Ans.
23. Replacing r by 2-x and y by 2h in given functional equation
l'(x+ht=t(n:-f(4
2
y^L@} \-IQ) y^f(%) + fQD -
h+0 h
=
h-+0 2h 'rr*, ...(i)
In given relation put y = 0
^(
/l-l=' x\ ftx)+-1
= '\91\ !/
e e
r, f(2r) L
= l\x) =
i*i
f(2'x) - 2f(x) = *l ..'(ii)
Using equation (ii) in equation (i), we get
f'kt=-l
f@) =l- x = f -'(x),i.e., inverse of itself. Ans.
24. As f(-x)= -f(x)
= f(x) is an odd differentiable function.
-f '(-x) = -f '(x)
+ f "(-x) = -f "(x)
Put r = 0, we get
2f "(o) = o
So, f"(O)=Q Ans.
Note : Domain of function = (-1, 1)
=s,(2)I$(ry#*)[3)
= s,(2\
ls[r:ffi )=
zs,tz,
27. x = -1 is the factor of 1st row, 2nd row, Srd row and 3rd column'
Hence, ?(r) contains (r + 1)4.
T"'(_l) =0 Ans.
h(x)=g2(x+f(x))
h'(x) = Zg(x + f(x))g'(x + /(r))(1+ f '(x))
h'(5) 2g(5+ f6De'6+ /(5))(1+ /'(5))
=
f(5) = Z sg) = 4, f '(5) - o, g'(7) = 3
h'(5) = 250)S' g)(l+0) = 2 x 4 xB = 24 Ans.
We know t}rat{L = !
-----dv
*
-glrl
d,* - ,lal 4u(chainrure)
dY' dYl I d.l dY I
dY dY
\dx ) \dx )
-1 (0"\l o=',
=
li,,r li* )l\ dx
la-)
_dry d'y (dv)'
. d'2x
= d*c : dx2 -- -ld. latl
idv)' - -ld.l g'ttt
I An".
dt, - (qr:'
Hence, = -(
d\ ) lt \f'ft\)
la* ) dy' \at )
dy
Alternativelv- ,4=!!--g'(t) ' d''y = d ( p'(t)\ dt d'z'v f '(t)g"(t)- g'(t)f "(t)
d.x #= f.i;l' d*r=Ail1r) )'a*= d*r= (f '(tD3
dt
dx
4t = f'\t)
q: a ( f'al\ at = s'(t\f"ftt - f'ft\s"ft)
And,4L
dy= d.y s'Gi - dt'-= drl{@)' do @
a
. (a"\ l(g!.) = _ f g'o) 13 Ans.
la*' )l lay' ) \ f 'ttt )
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156 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
f(x)=9=x=2
!r-ro:l
d.x' '*'1,=, -=J-l ==r =2 n Ans.
f1*)1,=r-fir-
2
31. y'=3hx2 -x3 (Differentiatingtwice)
3Y'Y, =6hx -3x2
y2 yt = 2hx - x2 ...(i)
zyy? +y2yz=2(k-x) ...(ii)
(rr, 2kx x2
.rrom eqn. tt = -
;
Substitute in eqn. (ii),
y2yz -L
+rnl*u -*'f = rru-*,
Y' -]
lz+
zekx - x2)2= 2(k- x) y" e
; s--
- x2)z 2G - x)
tr*ff=T'(3kx2
2(2kx
-xB)
.)
y, + ll+kzxz + x4 - 4lzx3 -Bhzxz + hx3 +Shx, - rnl =0
v"
y,+t!
v
=o
= n=2k2 Ans.
32. lf(x)l<|"' -
"21v
*, o
Vfzll<O=f(2) =o
l/(r) l< l"' - n'l
= lf 'Q)l< e2
= ll2a, + 4b + cl< e2
l=e2+lll=7 Ans.
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Methods of Differentiation L57
--1=. 'h'|il = I
1+ (h(r))"
h'(x) = 1+ (h(r))3
=
+ h"(x) = 3(h(x))2 h'(x)
h,,(x) = 3h2(x) (1+ h3(.r)) Ans.
34. tans =
.. ln/ - ln2
[m-----
t+- 1+- t-2
Using L'Hospital rule
li*1/f (t, l! 0
=
t-r- 1 -o
Hence, when the situation is limiting
BP -+ BP' (along horizontal)
and AP + Aq
= 0-+I-B=cos0
2
/\
coso -+ .o.l 1- 0I
') = sing
\z
1
But tanP =ln2
lim coso =
J--
lim cos
t'+ - Bl
,-+- \2 ' )= sinp = +
Jf +1n22
Ans.
1 ..
1-1+tr,z.l1'
= --p IIITI Ans.
J1+ lrr' 2 t--
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158 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
f
,(il = Bx2 + 4x + 4 + !.o.[I1']
2 \2) = /'(1) = 11
Also, /(1) = 8
so, s'(8)=,|,=+ Ans.
f{x) g1:) h/u-)
I |
lf
't*t g'k) h'\x)l I ft*t e(r) htx) | | ft*l s(x) h@
g'(r) =lf 'tx) g'txt h'(x\l+lf ,,{*l g,,(x) h,,k)l*lf ,til g,@) h,{il1
|
=
lf"t*) g"(x) h"k)l lf"(r) g"(x\ h"(xtl lf,,(*) g,,(x) h,,k)l
lf@ e{.l) h(x)l
=0+0 +lf 'ol g'k) h'G)lf .'f ,s,lzare quadratic polynomials.... f ,,=g,,= h,, =01
lt
lo o ol
-0
$(r) must be a constant function.
0(r) = bG-x)
.. d(r)-d(4-r)
llm-=O
x--+2 sin(r Ans.
- 2)
37. S(5) = land /(1) =5
Now, g"(5) = - f"(g(x))=
,@(xt)|"
1f
= /(0) = zf(O) + 4
= f(0) = -4
Now, putr = landjl = 0, we getc = 0
Putr=1andy=1,weget
f(2)=2f(7)+6+b+4
+ 20=W)+6+b+4
:+ L4=6+b ...(i)
:+ 6=8
Hence, b = 8and c = 0 +b* c = 8. Ans.
f(x + y1= f@) + f(y) +\xy(x + y) +&xy + 4
,(x\ +hl- f(A +ht+8xh+4
Now, tf '--, =rr^f\x
i-;o h
- h+o
rr^f(ht+Sxhtx
h
,.
llm'
=
f(ht +\xhk + hl +8xh- f{Ot
= f'Q)+3x2+&r=3x2+8x
h+o h
Integrating both sides w.r.t. r, we get
f(x) = xs + 4x2 +C
f(0)=-4=C=-4
Hence, f(x) = x3 + 4x2 - 4
f(x)=x3 +4e'
x3 +4x2 -4=x3 +4e' ,L
x2 - l= e' iOotted graph is ofy = 1 -
.xx
j Ott e, graph is ofy = 9
! - '*
Dividing by r, we get x - xcx
Hence, the above equation will have two solutions. Ans.
f(x) > **2 + (5m + l)x + 4mY x > O
(x + 4)(x + 1)(r - 7)2 m(x + 1)(r + 4) + (x'1) > m-nt'+ 1< r Vr >0
= m+l<O=m3-l
Hence, maximum value of nz = *1. Ans.
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160 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
g'(i = -3
tc-
.(
g l-l=-
+\ -2.2s -25 Ans.
- "(5/ 16 8
^ -\
f
"Zhrxt
-%lr"
1.,
l+sinr ,(r-,\ [r-,']/+sinr
Now, lim
\- h\x) cosx
= lim "'2)-2*'2
(n \
/n / r)-
Ii -'.1'o"
x-l I a+l I
\2) \2)
l*'+4x+8.
h(xl=1
r20
' ^
l+*'+4x+2, r<0
L.H.L. (atr = 0) = 2and R.H'L. (atx = 6; = 3 = f(0)
Ans.
= h(x)is discontinuous atr = 0.
'.' f@) = o2 +4er +8 = (cr * 2)2 + 4> 4
t'k.gt fG)'
Putting r =0
f lt,) = f,,(!),rfrrt
f(Y) /(o)
f '(y) _, f.' /(0) = 2, f '(0) = el
f(y)rnfQ)
ln(ln/(y)) - Y+c 4c=0
f(y)=s"Y +f(x)=e"'
g(x) = ln(ln(r))
111
"E'(x) = Inr x = rlnr
-
t" 1 + Intr
g"lx)=- x , =- (rt*t"=
3-lnx)z Inr)2
o"ror=-I+l--2
b ."2 o o
e' e'
ln(ln/(r)) = g2t1{x)- 3g(f(r))) - 5
*=x2-Bx-5
x2-4*-5=0 =(x-5)(r+1)=0 = x=-L5. Ans.
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162 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
= :X#**su*[p=n ...(i)
dzx ( dx \2
..f,-+l
= -l l =l
d.Y' I,dY
h=7
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Methods of Differentiation 163
h
,.- f(%)
=llITI-
+ f(2h) - fer) - f(0)
h-+0 2h
= hmfQh)
- f(0)
h+0 2h
f '(x) =f '(0) = -1(Given)
Now on integrating both sides, we get
f(x) = -x +C
+ f(x)=-x+l(As/(0)=1)
(A) f( lrl) = 1- lrl, which is continuous V r e ,R.
(B) f(x) = r- x
f -'(*) = l- x
= f(x) = f-'(*) will have infinite solutions.
(C) (/(0))2 +ffOD2 +ffQDz +...+(/(10))2
= 1+0+12 + 22 +32 +...+9?
=1*10x9x19=1+(15x19)
6
=1+285=286 Ans.
(D) tan-l(/(r)) = tan-1(1- r),which is derivable Y x e R. Ans.
4. We have,
[,'
* ,i,rla). x r* o
"'"[y' )' if e LL w
/(r) = |
10, if r =0
(A) As /(0) = 0, so f(r) is continuous at x = 0, if
lim 0 = lim r' .i.r[1 l=o , 0 Ans.
x->0'f(r) = x+0 \f " J
,111-/(r)
-+ -
=+ There exists some real number c such that f(c) = 1000.
(Using intermediate value theorem). Ans.
(B) Let f(il = lx2 + xl= lr(r + 1) |
d'y
d}x __ d*, 4l*o
_Z__---:)-:-
dy' ( dy\' dx
la* )
values such that
(D) As f(r) is continuous on (0, 5) and /(r) takes only irational
Ans'
16;=;so/(r) = nte'ft')"'"tb"onlvconstantfunction)'
-e
f@=l--:
! l + cos20
-=secO
,-\
1 . rl 1'l=12
',[4,
f '(01= sec0tan0
f
,l+\=
t4/ "tr
d(f(o)ll =[ -] ) _--2 Ans.
d(cos0)lu=^ \cos"0is=l
f(x) =x x
-l
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166 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
+-1 '-1-1
gr(.r) = fk)=!-'ix gz@)= f(fk)l= x . =
-1 1
1-rL--1)
(x )
g+(x) = gr(x) =+r Bs(r) = 8z(x) = = Bs(r) =r andsoon
*186(r)
x-1 1
Cfin-zlx) = g,rr_r,(x) = gs,(x) = x
;, 1].,
fr{g,r,-r,{*, =
*(, - :) = ; .'. option (A) is wrong.
*(6l,r,,(x)) =
fiul =, .'. option (B) is correct.
! = g ro(x) = gy,r-tt(r) = - 1
l-x
gh,_,@)=#
9ft,_y(r)|,1 =4 .'.option (D) is also correct" Ans.
2
ftxl=I-2hn-'r,-1<x<1
2
S'(x) =$<*)
,,!t-tu2 _7)2
So, g(0) = non-existent.
Ans.
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Methods of Differentiation
16i
In +Ztar.-lx, -e(r(0
lz
(c) h(xt =.,"-'
[# J
=
; - "o,-, [ 1#l= lnt-l9 - 2tan-r x, r >0
[r-s*'j vB
lo
2. 1l
f1(J) =--COS
-rl7- x"- I = I - 2tan-r x, x ), o
2 It**') z
..( k)l
t * -! + 2tan-7 x; -1 <x<l
fz@) =)c--+ srn^l-l={
2
2 \1+r' ) l- -! + n- 2tan-t x; x>l
t^ 2
fs(x) = 2tan-r x - lc +lxl = 2tan-t x-x+1, l<x<2
tanl > 1
-2
dffrk)) !+ x2 d(fr@))
(A)
dffz@)) ,I- 2 - d(f2\x)\
=1+sec2
- t
l+ x"
I
_:_ -7
d(frG)) 1+ xz
(B) I --1
d(fz@)) 1-
l+ xz
(c) f2@)-fr@)=xforxr>1
x2
lrf ,ul - f{x)) 4is = [x d.x =-+C
2
d,x) = x
ftrlrr,o, - f{x))
*,f,
AX '
f2(xt-flkndxtl
lx-tan I
tanl-
2
(D) lr6r*,,
dx
=
7+x2
-1
lr, f,,*,,1 = aI -l= -1
dx lr=",7 4 2
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168 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
lim
t'f (* + 1) -(r +D2 fO) *1
t+r+t f(t) - f(rc +l)
li* ,r^o)
= = 1
t+o f(s) - f(Q)
lim ' =1
t-o f(t) _ l
Hence, f?l-l'=t2=f(x)=7+x2 Ans.
o (a-l)x2 = x(2b+3)
The above equation is satisfied by three distinct values of r therefore it is an
identity.
2-?.a,=0 = a=\ and 2b+3=0 =+ b=a
2
Now, f(x) = 2x +t"
Let g(x) = px +q
g'(x) = p
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169
Methods of Differentiation
/(S(r)) = 6x -7
= Z(Px+q)+1=6x-7
2Px +?q+l=6x -7
=
2p=6
=
= P =3and Q=-4
g'(20L2) =3 Ans'
3. The fact that the limit exists implies that
Iim(/(4r)+af$x)+bfz^d+cf(x)+d,f(0))=(l+a+b+c+d/(0)=0
r -r0
a+b+c*d=-l ...(i)
Apply L'Hospital rule once, then we have
'(3x) + 2bf '(Zx) + cf '(x)
,.
+ af$x) + bf(?-x) + cf (x) + df (0)
rr^4f '(4x) +Saf
- r+0
^f(4il
r-+0 x4 4x3
and for the followinglimit to exist, we also need
hm(4f '(4x) +\af '(k) +zbf '(2n) + cf '(x)) =(4+3a+2b+ c) f '(0) =0
r+O
3a+2b*c=-4 ...(ii)
Repeat this process twice and get another two equations as
9a+4b+c=-16 ...(iii) and 27a+8b*c=-64 ...(iv)
Now,(iv)-(iii)= tfu+ 4b+48=0 + 9a +2b+24 =0 ...(v)
(iii)-(iD = 6a+2b+L2=O = 6a+2b+12=0 ...(vi)
(v)-(vi) + 3a+L2=O = a=-4,b=6
From equation (ii), we get c = -4
and from equation (i), d = 1.
Hence, (25a + 50b + 100c + 500d
- 400 + 500 = 300
= -100 +300 Ans.
4. f@) =2tan-tr andg(r) = x +2-f(s@D =2tan-l(x + 2) solution of inequality
f2(s(x))-;fG@D+4>ois
f@GD< 1or/(g(r)) > 4 = tan-1(r +z)'2ortan-l(r
2
+2) > 2
= tan-l(r + zl .1 1,"- -*
[A.tur,-'t, * zi . 1l
2 2)
/t)
x+2< tr"[r.,l
or
1l - ,'l
- " . l-ro. ,"rl,
"""\z) -
)
1 1 t'an-
!.! = t'unr'
As
26 J3 = '.-r.l-z
Js
Hence,totalintegersintherange are {-9, 4,-7,4,-5,4,-3,-2} =sintegersAns'
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170 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
5. y''' -2tottt +1=o
Y1/3 - r-" t .,[' Jl
3y
]r,
=
^ (r2-1).jz*:.Jtx
l= Ans.
yv
g'(x)=f(x)=xe@)
g'(x) _ *x2
*
c@)
2
= ln(g(xl=L -C
4
= g(x) = 4n.u 2
x"
f(x)=xg(x)=laxe 2
I
' ln) 3
g"(y) = _ f"(x)
(f'(x))3
I",,(l;l-l\
g"(ln2) =
\?/
/ r-rt\3.
I ttl 'I I
[' 1z ))
4x
(x2 - t)2
/
-4.1(zl
-r\ I
32
99.
16
(3:2)
-=-
(gl B2xB B
=_=_ 16
r-Rr3
t-l 2e
Is.]
3 r-3\ tt- e
G l.8r-G
25
Ans.
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172 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
9. We" have
;; - sin(lnx) * cos(Inr))
= *o (.o=tlnr) + sin(rnr)) + rcs [
lnfl+sllltrrl.(,/-r-L
\- ,
-
. )
d,x
= xlt = 5t + 15 (cos(lnr)
- sin(Inr))
(cos(lnx) - sin(lnx)) * ru *f")
= xJz + Jt = byt +bra [-tt"j'"''
(cos(lnr) - sin(In x)) - x5 (sin(1nr) + cos(lnr))
= x2yr+*y1 = 5xy1+ 5x5
= *' y, - xyt = S(xlt - 5Y) - Y
-*'Y, - 4xYt = StcYt - 26Y
+x2yz -9xyt + 26y = O = x2yz * aWt + by = g
q. = -9 ar;.db = 26.
Hence, @+b)=17 Ans'
10. f(r) = 1n(1 + *2) + tan-1 r
g(f(x)) =x
e'ff@))f '(x) = 1
1
=) g'( /(x)) =
f'@
_ f"(x)
= s"ff(x)) f '(x) = (f'(x))2
g' '(f(x)) _ f"(x)
(f'(x))3
/ ^\
frx) = tnl z+ = tn(1 + *')
|
+ tan-1x
\/
ln2+ ! = 1n(1 + *') + tan-1 x
4
x =l
t I n\\
%i ll = -f "(1)
c"l
Ir
h,l
))
(f (1))3
f '(x) _ 1 - b _?-tc+l
l+ xz 1+ x2 l+ x2
f '(1) =1
,2
17+x2)2-Q^x +L)Lx 2(7-x-x2)
f "(*) =
(l+ x")"
=+
(l+ x2)2
-1
f "(l) =
n
-1
I I ^\) ,
tr ll= 27=-4
e'"l lnl %n
))
27
8
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frD
Metho d s o f D iff er entiation
I .e"l
rt r)ll Ans.
lzt tnl z+ | ll = +
I l. t ,lll
d'y
rt! bc"lrt\=-f"G) Ans.
Alternativ
"tv
= --dr'-.
(dv\3
Hence 'J' (f(r))3
l;. )
Ll. Given sin.r + sinY = 1
dv ...(i)
cos.r[ + --L = l)
COS 1,
"dx
again
dzv (dv\z sinY = g
-sinr + cosY -l + |
-dx" \ctx J
. ,.)
d2y (dv\' . /cosx\
or cosY---;'= sinx + sinr[ffJ = sinx + smvl- I
dx' \cosY /
g'(x)=,,(h)"(*Fo4j{)
ri,=,,(hl"[g+")
As fl)=f'(t)
=+ g'(1) = 0 Ans.
13. f(*) + f(x + 2) + f(x+ 4) = 0 ...(i)
Replacingxbyx+2
fG + 2) + f(x + 4) + f(x +6) = 0 ...(ii)
(i) - (ii)
f(x)-/(r+6)=0
f(x)=f(x+6)YxeR
is periodic with period 6.
/(r)
Differntiating above equation
f'G)=f'(x+6)vrel?
f '(x) is also periodic with same period 6.
f(x) = f(x +6) - f(x +121 = f@ + 18) = ...
f(0) = fG) = f(12) = /(18) =...
and f '(x) = f'(x + 6) = f '(x + L2) = f ,(x +1g) = ...
f '(0) = f '(6) = f '(12) = f '(78) = ...
+t2) - f@)f@ - fG +6)f(Ls) + /2(18)
Now, 1i^f'(*
/-i \ =1i^f '(*) - zf(*)f (o) * ,'ro,
r+0 r+o a(1sn-l 1 tan-l(l-r))
,l - tan-1 (1- rt l
\4 -
)
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Methods of Differentiation 775
d(tanZ-x)
-U Ans.
d(tanx)-2sec22tc,
sec, *
15. Equation oftangent at x = 2to y = /(r) is ! = x +3.
The point (2, f(2)) i.e.,(2, ft) must satisfy y = x +3.
k=5
- o(r\ /-
fQ)=5=]11F,*,=J31f_;
For finite value of above limit we must have lmq(S(r) - 4) = 0
.'. Limg(r) = 4 = g(2) {As g(r) is a continuous function}
x ->2
AIso 5-8(r)-4-u
x+2 X-2
+ l,:rrys',;r) = 5
f'(z)=t
g"9=t
2
. 6"(r.\
6 '-t - ,
f (2) + f '(.2) + g(2) + g'(2) + g' '(2)
=5+1+4+5+2=17 Ans.
t6. g3(r) -(r3 + z)g2(x) +(2-x3 + 1)g(r) -r3 = 0
(s(r) - t)2 (g(x) -r3) = o
=
So, invertible function is
8(x) = x3
8-r(x') = *us
g'(8).(g-1)'(8) = 16 Ans.
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Indefinite
Integration
Exercise-1
Only One Correct Answer
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Indefinite Inte g r atio n 177
= g(x)=(x + 114
4
44 24
Hence, g(3)-gtrt=T-T=64-4=60 Ans'
o.
3. Integrat" J
ntu" sin 0 d0 by parts. One integral cancels'
= -Aq=b
-b
+ a- A
Constant term
PC-ZBq=s
Substituting the values of P and q
-aC* 2Bb ='
A A
2Bb-aC = Ac
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178 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
2Bb=Ac+aC
Hence, 2Bb=Ac+aC Ans.
6.
- lt ;-*adx=l
7. b+l . t Zt+l
:-- . t 2s-2+x-3
u(x"+4x+l't"'' -^d*=l-:*dx
1)'"" '(r*n* 1)"'"
,rlt*n*
x ( x
\ *') *2)
NowputL,
L*!+t=t2.
x"X
8. I =J {rirrtf OO, + r) .(sinr)dedr
= JKsin{f OOr) cosr + cos 100r . sinr)l(sinr)eec,r
= J sin(100r)Sosr . (sinr) dr
ee 100
dr +J cos (100 r) . (sinx)
III
100
sin(100r) (sinr)
- *: cos (100r ) (sin r) 100dr + cos( 100r) (sin r )
100
dr
100 100 JI J
sin(100r) (sinr)1oo
+C Ans.
1oo
qx
g. Putl = * * | d* ;put cosr -L*tan-
, coso+cos.r
l+tanzx
10. f(x2 +l) =(x2 +1)2 + 3x2 +2=(x2 +1)2 +3(x2 +1)- 1
Put x2 +L=t
f@ = tz +3t - 1 now integrate
f(x) = x2 +3x -l
11. Note that .""-t ..[ * r' = tan-1 r;
r. *--2\
.o.' l'- 2tan-lr forr
(r+x'j =
l >o
tan 1r
I = JlY ^ ((tan-1 x)2 +2tan-t flc,x
l+rz
Put tarfr x =t
= !e'{t2 +2t)d.t -- et .*
x (tan-l x)z
= ntan-r +C Ans.
1,
1-
t2.l x' dx;
(*'*l+Bltrrr-'lr*1)
\ ,2 / I x,/
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In de f inite Int e g r atio n t79
| \ - x'l
[, '"']a,
dx
'[(,.:l'.'l*"'[,.])
x't
[\ )
2'r'(cosec2x
!3. In = lcot"x 4x1 = [cot" -l)dx
I,_u
n.-l
I.+I^=-L1
2
I"+L=-u2
l,+1"=-- ,3
3
::: q
1ro+1, =- ,
( uz u')
=-ltt+-+...+-l
2 el Ans.
\.
1
14. 'f'lx)= 1+cosx '
edx
Integrating, f(xl= I 9* -
2cos'
2
15.
, '2x +3
dx
)(*'*3ilk2+3r+2)+1
Put x2 +k =t
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180 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
(2x +3)dx = dt
I d' ,f d'==c-J
ltft+2l+l'r(t+l)2 ,+1
-c- x2 +3x +7
= a=I,b=3,c=1 = a+b+c=5 Ans.
16. 1= rI d* +7-x2oo7
rtx
xtxzoaT * tt
= J..;Ctrm;D
-1x2oo7
hl j----l+C
1t2007\
zooT lt+r2oo7 ]
p+q+r=6027 Ans.
Atternatively: 1=
hr6#tr-,, = Ii.'ffi
17. Let r = ln*( ,"?i:
+tanzl* - i1'1a*
' \1+tanx \ 4l)
2tun* (*-"1-rla,
=lrr( --- t-'
, tt+tanr+sec2 4) ')-""
= r["' Itanr - 1l]a,
1
- \ - 4l)
\t+tanx+ sec2l*
= J", [,",[ - - on)+ sec2 (. - o^))o-
/ _,
=e'tanl x--"1+c Ans.
\ 4)
18.
! fO a* = h(secr) + ln(sec 2t) + ln(sec 4r) + In(sin8r) +C
=lnl
,( Ssinr'sin&r \
|
-
I nd e finite Int e gr atio n 181
-'(.f(x)-f '(x))
d.x =
t9 (1 + e-.' f(x))2 O*
1
Put -L
l+ e-'f(x)
-e-*f'k\+f(x\e'o* =dt
(1+ e-'f(x))2
I=t+C=- | Ans.
1+ e ' f(x)
-+C
20. Differentiate the given integral with respect to r
dzu d.u drt u dzu- du du , dw
dzu= u-ii.;;
"i., i- dx, ,t*' d** d*
d.w d,2u
dx dx2
-
dw=u
d.2u -
dx"^dx
, d.2u .
w = tlu-:d.x Ans.
dx"
dy _ -cosr(y+1)
21. We have,
dx (2 + sinr)
,I vr
dv |r -cosff
""""" dx
J v+1 = J 2+sin.r
| -4:=
to*rll_ sin-,1'l'
2)n= 6
I Ans.
t'
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Indefinite
]sffi=l*h=n
Required=7+'7+4+4=22 Ans.
29. We have f(x) = (r + l-)3
k +-1)a
*,
Now, ! tr*]6* = !{* + l)3 dx -
(r + 1)a
= g(xt=
4
30.
I#a*=S-!!*a*
,.1+r2o1o ,
=J;;r* d*-)t 1
x+*zonax
h(xt=14
Jx =lnx-C
h(1)=0 .'.c=0
hG) = lnx
h(e)=lr.e=l Ans.
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184 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
i| -loglo /1oo-rr1
\ r 1l
I t"gro z I
' -'\ x )
ta*
Jimtroo - x) -lnx) dx
=
I
2
' -1"
r*[4 * t;' Jg
\aE)
Al:-.-l:1=L a
4
-l x3 3 3+(4x2 +4x+L)
x2 -2-x-2 1
x"-l x2+x+l
f@)=(x2 -?-x-2)+(x- t)
_^.2
L -- o
- -_L -O
/(1) = -3 Ans.
r=l 1-6cosecx,.
d( srnr ) =J srnf d(sinr)
6+ /(sinx) 6+sin2r-sinr-B
r- 9
sln.n
=I d(sinr) (Put sinr = /)
sin2r*sinr+B
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Irudefinite Integr ation 185
_6
I-
16
-l t ,lt=l t2 t3
=)tr_*s"'=J-18 dt
"'
ttz
t 1 D\ / 1 Q
=tnl1-'**l*K=hl
\ t l' )
r--' n -|l+K
\ Slnr(. sln' .r
\
(13\
g("r)=lnl t- -' 1--. ,-l
\ Srn"r Srn" "r .i
'l
''srtr=
\ +.
lnil- sinl -'"
sin'I )
,_ f 5+/(sinx)+f(cos *) d,*
'-J .;** + cosr
sinr
=J
5+ sin2 x - sinr -3+ cos2x - cosr -3,
slntr + cos.tr
= !-ax = -x *X
h(x) = -x (since h(1) = -1)
Hence, tan-r(hQD + tan-1(h(3))
Now, f{!l=-= -D
b2-4b+g lb-2t2+5
"4a55
7
Hence, - 212 +7
g(6) = grcr. b. t)l.in = th
o
_ 4 7(5t2 -z:?*!:
4
=5t2 -z +2-4tz =t2 -2t +2=ft -1)2 +1
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186 GRB Problerns in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
(i) I d*=tan-l(r-1)+c
J(r-1)2+1
(ii) 1[n'tr 2 - 4x +9)dx = ex (Lxz +Bx +C)+D
tr,J
A=!.8=-6,c
55 =B
t =!l . dt =!r
dt
r'
r. '- rJ7*t *1- rJ G +U D), +$t 4)
= !'
2:tu"-' f +g / 2)l
2 Js l.lsrz ' )
1 -,/2+1\
,*tan't-m-l
1 -, (u2 +t\
=fttan-'[-*-]." An*
.
Alternatively: I=1.
" (r'-!*^
+'zx- + L) - rc- 2
_t
r xdx
J(*'*x+l)(x2-x+l)
L c@2 +r + 1) -(x2 -r + 1) dt
-l-
2'(*2+x+1)(r2-x+l)
1r dx 1r dx
2Jx2-x+l 2Jx2+x+l
=!r d* -!r o*
2J (* -(712D2 -ditzlz 2J (* +l/D)2 -t'El2tZ
1 1 -,(2.x+Lt
=:tan'l-.(21.-1\
= l-:tan'l:l \J3
(Js).ls
Ja l
1[ -, ( 2e -t\ - tan-' (u
=
G;ru"-' t
-*l -,
I t-
+t\1 .
i] "
Ans.
t= S-L-}tt
'(3-t")(l+t')
-a,
t( 1 2 )
=J[;r'z-.--r'z)dt
o.
OI
r= & + .tr*) (1- ."rr) COST
1. Given , [#d*
= and,t =
!-91- a*
, ,3* d*
J = r1e4' -e-' o* =Jrnn*
l+e4,
r+r=li#*
Put e'=t = e'dx=dt
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I nd e finite Inte gration 189
Put t- \=y
t
, =(,\ * \)a,
r" /
= a,
= trI
1 -r y 1 -rt2_ l
dy =:tan'-:=.-...:tan
-
y'*2 .,tD J, .1, "lit
J+r=1,ur,,["il)*c
.lz ...(i) = (P)
| "lzrr )
(-7+ eb )
llVv J _I = J
1e* dx = )l_t!!t at
l+ en' l+ta
1 1
-1+ -1+ (t\
= + tt'*7^
| --J!-dt = +l
t[r*r\'-,!' o, It+-=y1
a
\r)
t' [''t,J
J-I=*fty'-2
/v =-2J2 t:rnv-J?
y+Jz
. t+--"ti
I
1
J-I=--l:In
2"12
t*7*Jz
t
=
1 t2-Jit+t
2J2
-ln- t2 + nDt +7
1 , ,'u -^[2n* +l
-_..:
2J, eu +J1e'-t
...(ii) = (Q)
zI = ):tan14-_
I eb -tFze'+1,
-Jz Jzu* 2{2 eL' +.,tEh; + 1
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190 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
1. lr*rnt=x-7
dx
Integrating both sides
2
x2y = !t* -tla* =x2 -*ag
If x=lry=0
o=1-t*c
2
C =!2
qx2 l
x'\r"22
=
11 1 _1
"2x2ac2
= I _ 1 _r-1
dy
dx *' *3 *3
r-1 >u
t(
3
x e (-*,0) u(1 -)
2. wehave [ l--Tcoszx o*
' sin' x cost.lc
=
"ts:c=
dx-71-+ dx=Ir-Iz
stn' r " srn' r
Now, L = l['-+] "u",
xdx =le+a +71t1!-.osrdx
' \ sin'r./ sin'r ' sino r
(D (II)
(By Parts)
t?l* *,,
- sin'x
rr_ rr=
ffi*"
where C is a constant of integration.
Hence, g(x') = 1^n,
So, g'(x) = , arrd g"(x) = 2sec2 x tanx
"""2 / _\
' :) = +
s10) = l and g"[
\4)
/ n\
Hence, g'(0)+ "g"l:\4)i= 1+4 = 5 Ans.
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Indefinite Integration 191
" 1-7cos2r . * L-
Aliter: We have tl-;i+ dr = l 'f', dx -71--
rsec2
a*
" srn' x cos- "r " srn' -r " srn' x
7 = [tsinr)-7
It
(sec2 x)d.x -7f (cosecx)7 dx integrating by parts
III
tun* *71 cosx tanx dx
=(sinr)7 dx
J(sirrr)8 -7[J(sinr)7
* ll,
d* d* t""= *c
= 'u", = -rl, (sinx),
(sinx), , =(sinr),
Girr*),
Hence, g(r) = tanr
So, g'(x) = sec' ,
and g"(x) = 2sec2 x tanx
s10) = tund. s"(
" 1l = n \4)
Hence, g'(o)+ s"(Il 1+4 = 5 Ans.
\4) =
Alternatively: We have
I=*nd*=39L*c
sln' cos'x
.r sln' .r
...(i)
3. 1=
= Jtanar O* =*ln(sec8r) +C
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192 GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
1--4
a. ftxt=l^ -'t^ r,"dx
3.
t.t ort *2 frjo*the Dr, it will come out as r
" 1
-
x+ _-3
ltdx
rt
-*-,\"'
J
[,' J
1 |
-oldx=2tdt 1\
Put'r-*' =t2-2lx+
\ x" I
Jc
l'(x) = -l \a, =!t +C = --L . +C,
'1" ^ll-*n
asf(0)=0=Cr=0
Now, l-=:a*
' rJr-r+ =1=sin-lr' nc,
2
but 8(0)=0=C, =6
s(x) = f.irr-'r'
"2
Hence, ,("1) =
ir=;
k=12 Ans.
-
AlternativelY : I = | ---:
-*4 -l -9*4
(1- --:- 4*
x* )-'
'
.l I * ?-xo ),
=J
[,r-rt,- 11- *1t'' )a*
= c=-1
f(x) = 2"lx - l, r >0
and g'(sin2r-1) = xeR
"rr2*+PY
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In definite Inte g r atio n 193
EJ'(-cos2 x) = cos2 x + p
=
g'@)=p-x,Yr€[-1,0]
*!
+ g(x)= nx-\+k (where&=integrationconstant)
g(-1) = 0
1 o=-p-f,-n
= u=},*o
e(x)= p*-{*!*p
22
h(x)=1 *2
I z.[i-t, r>o
1
= -r=i,*, = p=;
Hence, 2p = -3
.'.Absolute value of 2p is 3. Ans.
t1+r)-(1+r'z-)1
6. F(xt =; dx = ln(1 +x)+c
'(1+r)'(1 +x")"
tf'(99)-f(3)l=[1n25] =3 Ans.
7. -1<sin2r<0
[- sin2 r] = -1or 0
J
r".-t [- sin2 x]d.x = rx + c
f(x) = rx
^/8\ 8 8
ll-l=Tc-=-
\ru/ Tx x
("f a)) _16
['l;].J - ,,
/ /8\\
= lfl _rrr | = 16
_=zo Ans.
I I nr))lr_, 8
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194 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
[402 )
/ +oe\
- 1 ltno'1 *4oztli#
4o,0l "1-o! l- noro
1
403
\+oz )
403
|
= 4030 (2o'o1o + 51 804 * ro*+ozlioi
+ a=403 Ans.
Letx=t2=d,x=Zd.t
r=21 Q2 - L)t d.t
t(t +t2 *lr[tft' *u
(t2 - t) dt
=21
,I-];),8
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Indefinite Integration 195
8(r)
r;L* :i
= /r/x
\JX
e,1) = 12 Ans.
cot 2r cotSx
10. 1 = J 1" dx - Jltan 2x LanSx LanT x dx
cot5x
_=;_
Consider t, = lftan7x -tar.lx -tan2,x)dx ...(i)
e coL2,x cot3x
Again Ir = Jl-dx
cotSr
5x = 2s. +3x;
cot(A+B)=-cotA cotB -
1
cot 5r
cotB + cotA
cot5r =
cot2,tc colSx - L
-
"rt}* "rt}.
cotlx cotZx + cotSx cot3r + I = cot2x cot1x
- =J-al
/1
r cot 5x cotZx + cot5r colSx + 1
1 lntsin3x)
]7 InrcosTrr- c
2-"-'-"*--'---
= lr-r("o.". 4x cot 4x,* nlm,sec5x)+
3 5
1 1
= l,-,(turr2r, * Ir,,sin3x) * 2 ln,"*.s*l + ] ln(cos7xt + C
2357
Hence, o+h+c+d-- -1127
+-+ +-
2357
= t05l]9lt1r!9 _ 28e _ m
270 270 n
m+n= 499 Ans.
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Definite
Integration
Exercise-1
Only One Correct Answer
1. I*" = J0
ln'' r cos.r .e'in* dx
- * r0Snl2 ,"in' 4*
T---:i--
= ffe"i,,,l.l, _ y,,r r,rn, dx + !i,, n"r", dx = !! ...(i)
= -.re"o" l.o'' *
ff'' n,."" dx -lj"o'"", a- = -i ...(ii)
.
..
IN,l en.2
r-t =-=c Ans.
Vo,l 2n
= --1/g"q
^r =*9 u
Ans.
3. We harr"
f, @x + q)(x2n*r + a,x + bn) clx = O
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Definite Integration 797
,4. I(a\ =
fr15+ c2 sin2 x + Zx.i,rrla, (r; r sinr a* = n)
n3=
/(o) = *no' *2n
3az 2
I n' ,'f
- nl " 1:-la)n
lgo' 2)
-l
f .2 -
=
^ll l--
\ Jao
al) nTlnzn
J2 J6.]
|
Also
- r'11,E.
1(o) l.;n = 2n+ ,\i
J
5. We hur" ? = ff'
(Be3'+ 2eb -e')-(ek +eb -e' !! a*
e3* +e% -e' +l
= 1ln(e3' + nb - e' + l) - r]b"'
= (ln(8 + 4 - 2+ 1) - ln2) - (ln2 - 0)
= tr,1f - ln2 =
24 ln!
. 11
1 r"." --l
IO
l
?
= 207C,.
' 201J0t (l_x)6.xzol dx
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198 GRB Problents in Calcultts (Hints & Soltttions)
LB.P. again 6 more times
2O7a 7l
l:
' *'o? a*
201.202.203.204 205.206 .207 fi
(.207)t 7l 1
=_
7\2o})t ,0].202-207 208
(207)1 7t 1 1
=__._=
(207)t7! 208 208 h
k=208 Ans.
7. Putnx =t
a*=4!
It
, =
+l;0"^
(2008rr -t)lsintldt ...(ii)
(i) + (ii) u =?Y!:oo'n ;*inrldr = (2008)2.fi lsinrlar
-
I =(2008)2;
Hence, here = ZOOS Ans.
L = lim 5r(x7+x2 +r3
"f
8. + ...+xn)
xr xl
=,li1*9,r.2+B+...+n)
= ntim{.tt(n+lt
,*nz -r Ans.
2
,l fte sinrI.
J,, 1**sl - Jro
1+*8 "* Jro 1; Jro
r -r19
[,r_L!r"{l r* .- lrc dx -- ls dx =t_t
lx-'l
I L -z .],0
't-
=-l[19
7
'-10-']
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= 1[ro-, - tg-'] . 10-'
7
+JEsinr)lax
,
10. /= fi" ,"[ COStr
cos.r
cos.r )
= Jo
1*" l' z "orf\.* - I'lr,
g/ - .|l"
,o cosx dr
-
--;;6;-
= ff'' ln(2 ccrsr) o* - fo''
ln(cosr) dr
/' hr{.orr) d,
= .l;,, ln2d.x * f " k {.o. x) d.x -f
iT- Ans.
= -ln 2
3
t - /* \\
Alternatively :.I =fi" tn[t + Js tan[r -.
))0.
6 -=*"' ]lr,
=fi" r,[r *.n[1.1+J3tanx))
t
,rrIr
+ JE ta.,,i s - JE turr'l4,
= .l;,,
I t+J3tanr )
r"
= Jo r.,[---j-]a,
[rr Ja l,anx\+ )
2r =(!\.2tn2
\.9/
r I-3
=llnz Ans.
r zr ,ln4
= lg-+0"'I
\ z )s
=24
+ 15u+6B={$ .. .(iii)
.'.On solving (i), (ii), (iii), we get cr = 6,9 = -'7, y - 4'
Hence, (ct+B+y) =6 -7 +4=3 Ans.
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200 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
-
=0-cos0=-1 = (A) Ans.
Note that here cosr = f(x).
= ri*[ 2i'*r -
r.+ol ),+1''1ui (1- form)
)
=e^"sl["",.'i''-'] =e
,,,%1 "^,|;1;' I
,_fzrzilLr_rl-J
= ,^-ol
r
= = =! Ans.
"2tn2-t "'"(1) e
14.
+*nd.* = !' n.*' d*
+
B Ii
B+[-xe''2ll-fi -n-"d*
11 2 1
= ln e-, dx E=je Ans.
15. JSr -6 - x, +Y, !
22 *
= Sx -6-x2 >o Ans.
16. 1= + orb,*Ib+s) dx
!'o{o"*u.'
f *b*,
-lac._+---l ol6rlb+611
I b+2 Bb+6 _ln
=dc*o'b
b+2 3(b+2)
Hence, 161 = --J-.[Bac + a3b] ...(i)
3@+D'
o'(o*3' l
\ o2)
n(b-D
If this is independent of b, then -{ = Z. Ans.
a'
Alternatively : If the integral is independent of 6, then 1,(b) = 0 lusing (i)l
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Definite Intesration 20r
/
I'(b\= -o" , +Ol9,3 /b+2-2))
(b+2)t 1s I
a.z J.J
,=ff Ans.
l'"'"lr+
1201() / *1 -t '
ldt=2009+l-' \ ,2tr10-ln 2010 -1
4u, (u =t -lnt)
J1 | rri -(lnf)) ) tL v
t '
-L'o\r*zt-2{l+x)l
=2[r(
'ir,l
)
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202 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
. ,1
= z +ln(1
ol
+ 2r)l - ln{1+r) llo
alo
= (sin-l r, + sin-l xz *... sin-1 r6) + (cos-1 y, * cos*1 !z +...cos-l y6) = 9zq
which is possible only when sin-l x, = l2 and "os-l y; = r,Y i = l, \ ...,6.
xi = 1andy, = -1,V i=L,2...,6
:.
ott
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Definite Integration 203
25. I=lJ0*,. I
I
x2cos(r)+e' +
Y
2
cos(; L +e
\'+ 1 dx
\
I
e'+l e )
f"o
J_,,
f( c) dx l; f( x))d:
d)c )
Jn
f(-.x) dx Il
L
, x
2
cos (.r) e^ + rl
-dx L 9r.-!.q_l1 e + -) lo*
fi [1 e
x
+ 1 e' + 1
1
I
"a cos( ,)+ k e' +,x.- cos ( x) et + r)
= l; [, et'+l
-) dx
t;
l
(r 2 cos (r r 1)( e'+1)
I
e' + 1 )o.
= JO[o (*2 cos(x) +Ddx
l"
lo *2 cosr dx + J0
= J0 (I) (II)
1,dx ...(A)
(r,B.P.)
;-:*n1inl,,l,.4il
tnL = 1i,, 1$ - Atnn
t l, n't)
2hn r*13 n I rn 4'l _ n,,,
lnz = rim $
lr-6 n 7t n7t n')
\
rnL = y^?!!-pn)
n+€ n
* !$ ,,[, - 4l - 4tnn
n7_,, \ ,')
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GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
=(r*-t''l-r-2-tl
2,] \ 2)
[
^ +
-)c' +'/,x t)
22 -
q
lim f(r) = aI
When r > 2,
= 2l
ro
! (x .e-*o dx )
dx
, r1
= 2l+1 = r(!- o) ?
\e ) = Ans.
\e*',/o e
" "i
Letg(r)+C=l 1,*4 + 4x3 +3x2
^i'"*
' (4x" + Sxz + 2-x + l)t=d*
(s
l++l 4 B\
t (""2 ,3 *a)
l _ _,
= -t odJ
3+ 2 1\'
""*'.1
l4*"
\ r x' x")
Put (+*1*4*41
\ "r x' x")
=,
= -f+ *4*1)a*=a,
\x' x" x" )
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Definite Integration 205
So, stxt
-
+C = -[]
t tt
dt =]t +C
x3
+C
ni' *3x2 *zt +7
rr (3ra + 4xs +Bx2)dx
Hence' = Ans.
lo **, n*qu *rs 19
-f(xte-.1; = - | Hm
[x..-
"i'
nt
- 1t*t1
I
But x-+* lir, /(') = 1i*
/(r) . tr = (1)(o) = o
€x X x-:,* e*
Hence, I=f(0)=2 Ans.
31. Let Ap = (2t, tz )
srope of FAk =
#= *"[; * e-]
tanop =#=tan(20) (SaY)
= O=? =!!*;,eretang=1
Also.tAr = rftt' - 1)2 + (2t)2 = t2 +l =1+ tan2 $ = sec",lhn\
|
-- |
\+n 1
*-li 4
Ans"
a)n 7T
2I = (UsingJack)
I: nlsintld.t
2I=2n
I=rc
Hence, Ans.
l'*t =
^
BB. Given, Jf'" f^'tt)(h =!G3i2 -8)
Differentiating both sides with respect to r, we get
l trftxttf'txt=S2
+ xf't*l=$
= f''(x) =\x-uz
2
Now, integrate both sides with respect to r, we get
f(x) = Ji +C
Given/(1)=0+C=-1.
Hence, f(x) = Ji -t
/(9) = 3-1= 2 Ans.
Let. I=f
---_--t:a*
'n 1+sin.r+J1+sin2r
King and add
., r-
nr tn *' 12 + 2J1 + sin2 x) dx
' n(l + /1+ sin2x)2 - sin2r
So, | x'tt*',,tnair'rt
t. - tx
u
:dx
" 2i+Jt+sin2r)
=11*
9J n "2fly=n a
Ans.
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Definite Integration 207
dx
2I=!Y
't"(*-tl'nl6)'
\ z) \2)
r=t(l\tar-lf*='ll'
4\J3i \ Je ))r,
-t-(t- o) = li = A Ans.
zJs \B t 6Jg
=
1
= lim(e" 1a21i-'o"
r+0
-hm . e'
__.+x'-7
r+0O-Josr).r2
=e '2
(2\
z ri- | 9' ,-1+r I
, ,o[ ,2 )
=e =e
o
Ans.
n
In rln \U
37. LetP= timlfI[r.1]
,.-[^_i\ r ) I
)
rnp = ri*
n+*rlLtn
1i rrr[r\ * I)r)
[' , urft * ])a, = Joi'
= Jo (., ln(r + 1) - x lnx )dx
\ ri
lnP= JO-
[]x.lnrx+1rdr fi JO
, lnxdx
Put (r+1)= I
\:-
(, 3\ 1 1 1 1
=lI--l*-=-+-=- 4 4 2
\ 4) 4
So, f=e 112 Ans.
dx
38. Rationalising the integral f, --- -:-, We get
1+r3 +Jl+rG
J], '**';fF
o^-3
zx
o. = JI t,L*E*!:,+0.
q^.3
_2_
J_r,--
1_
= Ilo* -1 Ans.
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208 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
,=1, 2(1-fi+r6) dx
tr*Jr*u )2 -xG
;1
| ---- :: ztr*Jt*rut
= t-'\2*zJt+xGl
-
dx
I i0 2ro 2\ 2 )ro 4l
L l
Hence, 1ol=19*1=s Ans.
ft1t2
l' t.i.rt.^' + rt)dt
.frxl = JOI
tt
(IBP)
dx
4r. I=f^
Jo ...(i)
2+ sin2r
Using King, we get
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Definite Integration 249
dx
I=th
Jo ...(ii)
2 - sin2-x
(i) + (ii)
= 2I=l?( !,,.),-
Jo \4-sin'2x,
dx-
1=8[t/2
Jo 4-sinz?-r
(Using Queen twice)
Put =t
?-x
-dt
dx=-
2
r=9r dt .
ZJo 4-sir,zt
Using Queen, we get
o!. dt
I =8f'' , -rufo'
Jo 4-sinzt 8 - Zsin' t
-*.
--19 dt - dt
= 16J;"- 16J;"
8 - (1- cos2t) 7 + 2cos2t
I=ex1-1x0=e Ans.
ln(1 + tana 'tanr) dr
43. Iim Jo
s+0 o3
l=9m(t+Lar,za)
2
o
lrr(1+ tan2 o)
2 1
lim Ans.
Hence,
a-0 a
3
t
x- <x"'- <rV xe(0,
, n/,
1)
1 11
1+t l+x=/2 1+x2
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270 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
+6tanx + 11 rx
4g. I- JrtG
f/:3tan2x
1+ tan2 x
I = f/j fa ti n2 * +6 sinr costr + llcosz x) d.x ...(i)
(i) + (ii)
, _7r+9
6
k=7,)"=9
=) (/a+)J=16 Ans.
49. f'k)+f'Q-r)=0
f(x) - f(2- x) = )'
Putr=1,weget7"=0.
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it e I nt e g r at rt 271,
D e lin i,o
f(x) = l'Q* x)
Because f is quadratic function therefore f(r) is symmetrical about line r = 1.
=
f'G) = 4
y=fG)=Q*r)2+4
rij dx l-t rx-1-13
J,,*-rPn+=L-La,^' z ),
=l1turr-'1-tan'ol
28 =1 Ans.
-(
e-' sinx ,!x = -n^ Isinx + cosxll
Fh
50. b) = f"
1(a.')a2
'--0,
(2
(sino + coso) = 0
= 2
tana' = *1
= 3n
Hence, ,=
n=un
+ 7, =1
4
Ans.
51. /(0) = -1
(i)
P+q=-l ...
=8P+2q+r=37 ...(ii)
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212 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
=0 - 2!0" sin2 r ax = -+
loL
sin2 r dx = -n Ans.
o.l.
I ltsinxt
54.
^
I=["Jrl2 e^tan-ltsinx inl2 ,tan
--dx+f J0
ntan-l{sinx) +ntan-itcosrr *rtan-lrcosrt
"tan-l{sinx)
I=Ir+Iz
Using King and add
= --lrrd 1., = !I
L'4'4
I=r Ans.
55. Consider (Vn+t -Vn) - (V, -V,-) = 0 -dx
:+ 2Vn =Vnn, +Vn-,
+ V1,V2,Vy, ... are in A.P.
sin2^?sc
Now, v., =!;v, = t'2
' ' J0 o* = J0f'' +cos2x dx = n
2' sin2x
d=
. "-;=;
Sroo = * z+ 3 +... + lool
itt
_ (5050)n _(k)n
22
- k=5050 Ans.
86. S = 4l
-
LJo
f'' e"o"4* l'l* '
dx+' Jnls
"-"o*n-
a*f
*-
)'
.
Put 4x =t
+ s = 4[l Ytz ncost dt +!f e"o"l d/l
L+lo 4Jrt2. -]
sin'l r dx
58.
ff'' (cos4 r +3cos2 x + 1)tan'(."", + cosx)
59.
,. nri'"
riilr =
fix^ax 0+1 Ans.
n'* -n" a+1
-lro l' xt\ax
r=7
60. 1r
ln(l+r) a*=lr!(*_*' *r'_ t*...\o*
Jo r Jor[ 2 3 4 )
r'
2*t-
l' Ir -L
= ,ol' *...*'la,
3 4 )
&n+l=3an-hn-,
az =3
a3=7
a+ =15
:
an =2n -l
100 100
n+* fL
, . ,2
lni\
Iir
lL s
I
\,=1I? )
.[f,*'a*
111
.fi *n a* t*+"s-36-3
!' *'d* Ans.
1r, 1 60 5
66
e' (Using Leibnitz's rule)
f(x) = (?-x, - r)
^1
tt_t:_ -1) -2 Ans.
So,
'lz) J;
64.
85. \=f et{'-t)d,t
(
t (x -t) = -.ttz {)= u.'
-l(t- il' --T)=
-'*t = -[.'-z] 4-l'- z)
x \2
2
r n-i
-n'2/4 J,, ou
*2 12 ,2
Ir=ea ll , odt=ea JO
.Iz
I.'-L=ea'2 Ans.
+
I2
lnp =
lT;[ *['.7)= f mtr +x.)d'x
= r.tn(1+r'tll-t]
_ ru -1 ",
1+f,"
Bxz x x d.x = tn2- s[ a,
{"/
Ans.
J0 --l-
=t..2-Bt' d.x =ln2-s+3[
,0 -] a*
1+x, 1+r'^
69. ForO < r <,
,
= *r*"L
o
x'
2--
e-'<e'' <e 2
t2 *2
e-r cos2*ar-" cor2*<e 2 "os2xa"-T
,2 ,2
Hence, !: ,-' cos2x d.x . | ,-" cos2, O- . fi e- 2' cos} x d.x '!t,- ' dr Ans.
70. t = !f, <f r*l . *2 - * (f(x))2) d.x
1=
I; - xGxf(x) +(f(x))z)dx
*')
-f ,lt"r -, ;r@+t --ldx
,
r= 4)
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216 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
71. L= lim 1
$ [rtl' *krlr.
1
t)l
''*n?=r\\nl "))
2
= ,, +ln2(1+ r)) o* =l+ zrr2 ?
fi
(* u
,r ,
U
- n,')
l)
In '
Ans.
3n
4
g:f I
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Definite Integration 217
so, *'fqrl=
"\4) -l,,("\ . =
t
2
'lq)
\2/
74.
[:, f@) d.x* Jo nrt d. * !: f -'(*) o* = fo f@) dx
(xa sxz
=l-+-+4:xl
)'
14 )o
13 ' 23
=-+-+4--
42 4
Ans.
(i) + (ii)
-r2 *
Zf(t) l' I.d* = I.(i2
, = J2r2 z
-2t)
fftt = ! (t -u2 -l
fG) l*- = -I Ans.
76. I=;-r-s-inrr,
JU xo
x--+BtI= J- ?ffeat
+4sin3t
1= J0
1'-3/-Ssint O,
gtr
! i-
/ = 1 r'- ".i"1 dt + gJ0 sin-3 r
,,
BJO f3 t3
t =!t *!t
39
2- 4A
-l39=
-
::t I =?A
3
=: a+b=S Ans.
-ll4
??. I:(7 - x7 i a* -fi,, - xa t1t7 dx
y = f(x) = 1l_ x7 )t/a
:+ y4 =(l-x,7)
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278 GRB Probtems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
= x=(l_yn)rj,
Hence functions are inverse of each other.
r = fi fota* - fi s{ttay /r,l d. - l: xf '(x)d.x
= Jo
79. L,J0 tt
= l* ntr' o,
2t-x=y
,, dy
At=-
2
- lI 2
ox"la I
_l
4 dy
ql
2l
t-
2
xl x
\="ifr;- dt 2
=e a .Iz
r''
'J -ea Ans.
I2
Limit = ien+t)h2
l,*#
n(n+l)(2n+1 -1 Ans.
^4
on I
I = 2n Ans.
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220 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
83. cot' l(
1 -r + *21 = tur-'
l-x+x'
-L "
-1 x -k - 1).- = tur-'r -tan-l(r
=tan'1*rar-1;z -1)
rrx
Also. I tun - 1)r* = -.|. tan-l x dx
Therefore, f cot r(1-x + xztdx = f rturr-'tr - tan r(x - l)tdx
r1
= 2Jo tan-'x d'r
85. Let A(<r, 0), B(8, 0) and (0, b) centrotd = [A=, :-l
L3 3.1
=) a+p= b
= -a=b
Now, f@) = x2 'bx + b
Since, y = f(x) has distinct roots.
be (-*,0) u(4, -)
=
Now, r= lot tr2 -bx +b)d.x =72-l2b
But value of b cannot lie in [0, 4].
So, value of l cannot lie in 124,721. Ans'
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Definite Integration 221
= A=oas !'"''dt+t
Hence, 0=/(1) = 0
f(x) = Ans.
Again B(r) = e' et S@ ctt + x
fi
g(r)=Be'+x ...(ii )
g(t) = Bet +t
=
where B = j; ets(t)d't;
B = e, (Be, + t) d.t;
fi
, = rl; e2'dt + fi e' .t at
But
fi ,'' at ='rr"'- 1) and
!' rc' dt =1
B-,rn'-
B= 1) + 1
2
28=B(e2-l)+2
38=Bez+2
,'
B-
3-e2
.'.From (ii)
(2 \..
g(x)= | _ le^ +x;
\3- e" )
9(0) = Ans.
it-e
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222 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
3L 6 .. g(0) - n'
s(2t =
B-ez
=3- e2'
+2
g(2) -2-.'-
3-e2 6 =!3 Ans.
6=a?6p) = p=-1
a=8
Equation f (x) = 0 can be written as
/ -r\
lx'-'l(r'-6r+8)=o
\ 4)
r.=X-1
2
x=24
So, o=-1,8=1,^{=2,8=4
2" 2'
Hence, ap+a+6y+y6=2+2+16+16=36 Ans.
6"
.,u.lt,d -7*1 -q
r 4
i[{rl,t*
Jl*-y,l = J\x-2) ifL-al
l(r-4) "',1*= r\x-21 a,
Letr-2=t,weget
+24t2 -32t +\6
Jl9-?t at - Jgt4 -8t3 o,
ta ta
8
llr-
= r[ +24 -32 *19)a,
t t2 rr t4)
=r-8lnlrl -2!**-19."
t t' 3f"
16 16
=r-Slnl*-21-f+*
' x -2 w "- 3tr 2)3"*C Ans.
-2)2 -
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Definite Integralion 223
Jo !
= 2l: = 2tnl(1+x)lf = 2ln2 Ans.
1+x
Paragraph for Question Nos. 7 to9
(e**' - e' ) In2(1 + i)
We have f(x) =],]i;"1; 2t3 +3
dt
(e' - l)lnz (l + t)
n' o,
l" (2tr +3)
/(r) = lim 4
ct
(e" - L) ln2 (L + o)
= lim e'
u+0 (2c^3 + 3) 4cr3
Hence, 1e' ,l
range of g(r) = [:, Ans.
I
rrl2 - n/2 3
Letl=Jo Ek)dx = )u
1+cos\dtr
ft2 Bsec2 x d.* = Jo
= Jo f,, q!gg? dx
sec2r+1 Lanzx+2
Put tanx = t
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224 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
= sec2, dx = dt
so, I = l:
to :!
ti *2- +[tu'-'l-
=
,,t \""" ,li)n
I
^\ 3ln 3n
An*
l:rl;-o )=
=
#,
Paragraph for Question Nos. 10 to 12
We have g(x1 = f + lo Str)a, ...(i)
Now, on differentiating both the sides of equation (i) with respect to r, we get
8'(r) = g1'; "'(ii)
But 8(r) = 0 (Not possible as g(0) = 1)
so, lgg
J g(r)
6* = Jltdx
= ln(g(r))=x+A
A=0 (Asg(Q)=1;
Hence, gk) = e'
Hence, g(1n1"0) + g'(1n10) + g"(1n10) = 10 + 10 + 10 = 30 Ans.
We have g(r) + g(Zx) +...*
e'
=e* +ek +e3'...&=
1- e*
Ifr<0thene'' <1
,/ s \ , -x-r-.
l"Jl: ,oil)dx = t-:-'-
c'rrr.l = r"[r .:. :,) 4,".
Asg(-x) = g(r)givese' = e'
=u eb =1
.'. r=0
Hence, number of solution of given equation is one. Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 13 to 15
Let degree of P(x) = n.
= Degree of P'(r) = n - I
So,L.H.S. has a degree,
) _, = Z
and R.H.S. has a degree 2,1
Let P})=axz +bx+c
Now, ax2 +bx+c-l2ax+b)=*2 +2a+1
+ ct=1;b=4andc=5 Scanned by CamScanner
Definite Integration 225
-' I
= tan-1 s - tan-l 2 = tan-L =
i "n
Now, use tan-l 1+ tan-l 2+ tan-l i '- rg to got other options' Ans.
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226 GBB Proble ms in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
f
-o o-l
As, range of ftx\ = ; , :"
ILr'fl |
"o
there is only one integer in the range of fk\, i.e.,0.
Clearly, f(r) is continuous V I e ,8.
Alstr, f '$-) = f '(O*) = 0and f '(t- l = f 'fi+) =O
= ftx) is differentiable V x e R
Note that f(x)is non-monotonic on -8.
Also,
f?,^' f,*,a* =Ei
:,dx(4n2,[3 ]
= t Ans.
-2 cos rct
As, lr(r) = f(x) = 2
1t
re[0, 1l
,i; i=
o and Hr) = h 1tx)
h'tot= I L r Ans.
-] , t-n"in *r I
h'i\) fln- 2 2
'21 -=1 ),-, n
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Definite Integration 227
/\
Ll
r''sinx gri.,,I tin*l
= ri*l I= =g
r*ol i r-0\ x )
(.s )
=7 +4xtnS-I1- 4
55*
EJ
g'(x) =0 + 4ln5 - itttS + 25' 5-''lnl
5
=Fj126-5"+ 125'5-'l
5
.'.For maximum or minirnum of g(r), we must have g'(r) =0
(5' -25) (5' + 5) = 0
\--__\_J
(AIwaYs
positive)
5'=25 = x=2
Also, g"(x = 2) <0
g(r) is maximum atx = 2 = cr (Given)
=
So,
,}t*.i)'= if'o\2
11*1.]'
n
3)
- ,-r2
it!) =r+-b+[91
6 (6l
?r,\6)
= 1 =.!=6
r- I 1
66
Paragraph for (fuestion Nos. 19 and 2O
f(-x)=f(x)VxeR
and f(2'x\=fQ+r)VreR
Graph of the function '/'is symmetric about the y-axis and r = 2line.
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GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solution,s)
lty,1t*r,rl*=n
chc,
= I Ans.
f(x)=urc+4
fff(x)) = &(ax + 4) + 4 = o2* + 4a + 4
f"{fff(ilD = a(azx + 4a + 4) + 4
=o3*+4a2+4a+4
Now, aix+4a2 +4a+4+(1- p\(ax+4) =3V xeR
a3 +(1 - p)a=O
= a2=p_ l (a*0)
4a2 +4a+4+4(t-p)=3
A=- -1
4
f(x)=!*++=Y
4
+ }=n-r
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Definite Integration 229
x =16_ 4y = f-t(y)
=
f, tro - 4x)d.x = 16 x zfi ax =n Ans.
Put x2 =t
,u - +t2 - +)at =ff
f
t'' f(x)
J2 dx
Also, l= lim ln(s-rz)
+n'2
t t --.1,
/= rim ztJL'!=2.^f2rimtn -! =-2,[i
t+J2ln(\-t4 ) ta2l,-fa
12 =8 Ans.
Paragraph for (fuestlon Nos. 26 to 27
(2.4)
[!* *s. -2< x <o
8(r)=1'o**
o<x<2
l2
f(x) = frWO -tldt, -2< x < 2
(-2,0)
-2<x<0
O<x<2
ltrf,'+6ldt' -2<x<O
rtx1=
rtt, 0<x32
lit', ,, +61
ll. 'u +tldt.
_ll*'*ilr+s.
4
lo
-z<x<o
I e'
a<x<2
l;.3r+5'
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2?,1
4vltllis !9vg,v!:o,,,.
1'tO*)=/'(0-)=3 Ans.
For 0<r<2,5<f(x)slD
31
t(x) -
,4 -
= r=1
gl_ r31)
l= I
''\ 4)
./31\ 1 2
-[+i
t'l--I=-.--=-
l''ttt s
ftx't=?-x2 +5
t)
= -*.*3r+5=2x:'+5
4
= * =0,! Ans.
3
frr, f''r:
= 3000(x .
,,2
1uz = 3000 I e= 1500,' Ans.
"+x2
(ii) f'l =sgn(cot-t rl + si#
) = I + sipt'
t2-7t+10<o Scanned by CamScanner
232 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
(t-2)(t-0<0
te(2,5)
;.kr=3and&r=4
9(r) = 4f(3rc) = 4(1+ sinr)
1100r
Now,
Jo 4(1+ sinr) = 400 n Ans.
(iii) f{x) =2+sgn(r)(l-sgn2(s)) = 2V x e R
h.(x) = x2 - 4x +9
It'(x)=?*Y-4
= h'(k)=?'fu-4=O
. kt=Z
l{2)=4-8+9=5=kz
g(x)=\f(Lr)=L0
Now,
f5 roar = roo Ans.
Paragraph for Sluestion Nos. 31 and 32
= sinr$-lg1t_lE:gtt
+ .
f,'-rsin(n 7) x sin( nr )
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Definite Integration 233
100
= lng(/(r)) = f(x)+c
g(x) = e'
llf f&) = 0.+g(0) = 1 .'. c = 0l
(i) r-!i"
[-.,o]*
=!i""t *.oh)*
=[ -"
+r)z
.l' *--"
4
*, Ans.
[tt ]o
1
I ['* ,
(ii) ,ujle-'J;l; g(t\ dt = x_)@
lim ru'
e,
:"'dt
x+11 l
*
- r+1i^€ -eu* = 5* e'(e' - 1)
n* l--{ = 1 Ans.
=
e' r-).' e* J-+6 1
/s =o -(-:rnzl=
\.2 )zlmz
Now, I, = !n"'', r,2 .(cosec2r) d,x = (x2 .(- cotxn(' * !0"'' 2x . cotx d.x
(I) (II)
I.B.P.
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,'t ,
GRB Proble nrs in Clalculus (Hints & Solutions\
/,,=0+Zl!mZi=ntn2
" t2 )
, gt/2x3 'cosr d.t 7 t tol,'
Also, 'lt, =-J,, 1"irrl,.I- _- 4jo1. ,' l'\ sin'r /la,
I
T
II
I.B.P.
f. .l
= llf,, .r- -1
4i\ \ z"ir,',
l)"" *Z!,:'' *2co"ec2" d- I
i Ju
I
i,I I -, )
I
1li
l:
8
t^
= i* 9tnl.'2r
-o l2
4il
ii
-, i
li i
_;, I
I3
64
r.hz
8
Now, verify alternati ves. Ans.
Again, b=
[:, fo dt = J', {{o + t)t2 + btt) dt = 2fi" + t)tz d,t
.
b=-___
2@+l\
.,.(ii)
3
From (i) and (ii)
tu 2h +l)
2 3
r5
i -- 2\lo.
o
\2 sl o
11 2
--6 ct =
o
o--- 4 and lr= 19
11 11
rl
Hence, .f(Ddt = -t ..,d _10
) tt !', ftna, 11
fkt = (o+1rr2+bxs
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Definite Integration 235
z. (Al In + I,*, =
ftn rrn' x sec2 x dx
rl |
=Jo'ndi= n+l ...(i)
+ (A) is correct
(B) J,, -Jn-t =G1)"12, -(-\)"-1 .12,,-2
a
= lim ( -1)" J0["t (tarr2t)" d,x = O
n+E
f(x): *:1
r* ...(i)
"r
Similarly, r, = llnL1o). ffl).
\n)
..rf4)l
\ z ))
r" .l:@2 +r)dx
,r at ...(ii)
Y: x'+ 1
L 2\ n-ll
nnn
t-
4 . i.S, Ans.
e'
6ly = 6l[
e^ +1
^...___
, fiptan-lco dt n
' =
,lu u *ft;- = :)ttn<t + tan-l
""
)1ff" '
----: ,=;f
dt 1, _, l-I
7+t' = -tan-'/
n
)o -4
2 =
(B) Let ,=fr' xdx
il("*, + -"rr)
("
,=fr' \4 -*\)
_----1
r1t,l(cosr+sinr)l dx
, ,_ur*,[ ,
.r
(Use King) ...
|\Jr),"t,-_
- jr"or* )
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2I=If,n dx
4to cosr (cos.r +
sinr)
SeCZ r tCr n
-= f/4 1t/4
TE
-: ln(l+
iJn a;;ffi= tanx)-Jn
Hence, I = Ilnz
8
_1
I+
(c) I=[,, .1+v5
-_ -!+t
q
r,[r*
\
*-!la*
x,-1+ r/
x2
r+!'s 1 + I
-Jr.;
-f x! m[rn*_7\a,
v
r-lf
lx- I +1- x)
\ r,/
Put r-!-=t
lc
=+ \(r* l)ttx = at
x')
If x = lrt= o;r = $1, I = 1(verify)
2
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238 GRB Proble ms in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
,_ ln(l +t)dt
'-loi4 1.r .
'
Put / = tanO
I = fo' h(1+ tano)do = Iln2
(D) Let /= Jo[1
sin-lr"
)c
.. ln(sinf)[-\ r.
r.u' 1 \-J 2
t
cotf ,r -
=-ltm-+-lnZ
i+0" -1 2
t';
f-l- *r )ln r2 ,,,z= 2r1z
= lim
r"o'\tanf
Ans.
r3i
rri --- r -
41
nt,2 ) 24'
540
RIZ)=-'=--
324
* g{t) is maximum att = 3 / 2 and minimum at t = 1. Ans.
7. We have f(r) = f e'-i't d, = et'tdt,so
l;
{E "' o, if re[0. 1)
' f(x) = if x e Ll,2\
lli,'o,+f,"',dt
o, -'dt if x e lZ3)
ll'rr'
+
l,'
n' +
f " '-2d,t
I n'-, ir re[0, 1)
:+ f(x\ = Iru-U+(e'r-1) if ,cel\2)
lzte-il+re'2-1) if x €[2,3)
clearly flr) is continuous v r > 0 but not differentiable v r e N = (B)
Also, f(2) = 2(e - l) = O = 2G - 1) =+ (D) Ans.
For J1 : UsingL'Hospital rule and Leibnitz's rule, we get
b\ *r*
= llm --.
[";-'l*"; ^2*
-'n (1
' r-. (r ir + 3) - 19sii r
t .ri r':
(vr )-
(1)( 1)( 2) 4
I
rs,,[ I
3
tr,
So, t'3=! Ans.
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240 GRB proalems in, Calculus (Htids & Solutions)
9.
(*",0) (0'O
=s t=e-'--lmt=u
=+ dt = -e'-u du
, = --fl un e-
u
clu;
I = {* u" r'-" 4u
JO
Hence, 1,, =
I; 1" f, du =(-u"e- ")t +
f n'u'-re-"d.u
iilPl
I, = 0 + nI,,_1
In = n,(n-1)Ir-z
1,, = n(n- L)(n. * D...2" L' I o
=+ Iu =(.n)lIo = n! Ans.
As, Iu = JJ e-"d.w = -(e-")t = -(0 * 1) = 1 Ans.
11. r+r=f'(1*{]=l!}@.t,
ro x Jt-
= l' -3:a*
'o J1-r
Putr = sin2 0
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Definite Integration 241.
n".ir,0d0=
ir/z 2'2sin0cos0
I+J = J0 d.0= 4fJ0 4
cos 0
r-r=l4-La,
ro J1- r
Put r=sin2O
2sino 2sinocoso
I - J = Jo
[nrz
cos 0 "
= 4!{''"in' odo = n Ans.
* li fo>at - fo rf<aot = eb -1
Differentiate both sides
xf(x) +
li foat - xf(x) = zck
:+ f(x) = 4ek
=+ /(0)=4 Ans.
f3. (A) I = [" (cos2r .cos22x.cos23r
J-n
.cos24 x .cos25 x)d,x
f{/")
I f@)d.x
= 2l: [/(r)is e,enl
I = 2.2f,'' f{ila* (Using Queen)
Using King
It ='It
1r =o
+ I =O Ans.
14. Given f'(*) = lo r.f'fla,
Differentiating, 3f2(*)f '(x) = *f2(*)
f(x) * o
f'k)=!;
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qlq GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
*,
f(il
,6 = *C but /(0) =0
+
"=0,x
= I(xl=V
Note that fi + d. =l' 1,,',b = 1r,
f(6) = 6 Ans.
t260
16. /t0l = llsine - 3cos0 + 2cos0l + cos0l
= llsin0-cos0l+cos0l
= lsin0 - cos0 + cos0l = lsin0l = sin0
[,^ sin0d0 = -(cos 0)Irz = -(-1- 0) =
tAl Jxl 2
1
Applying King
, = ff,rcos2 odo ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2I=fJnt2l.d.o=I2
+ I=;
(D) /'(o) = coso
,,( 2n\
- -t Ans.
'lT)-,
lz. we have, J' f@at * * f<tlat - f; t. f@at = (-1+ e-")
f,
Differentiate both sides with respect to r, we get
f(x)+ff folar=-e-' ...(i)
Put r = 0, we get flO) = -1.
Again, differentiate both sides of equation (i) with respect to x, we get
e* (f '(x) + flr)) = 1
.'. On integrating both sides with respect to r, we get
e' 'f(x) = xc +c
As, /(0) = -1
= -1 =0+c
= c=-l
f(x) = (x -l)s-'
Now verify alternatives. Ans.
lnr
18. flx) = _
{"r
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244 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hittts & Solutions)
A.(u-D(2*+l=tn)
( Je,/
Again l:' Yo*
A = J1 lput ]nr - t =x = et ,d* = et dtl
Jx
A = I' t,[J at (c)
=
and A=1"'\ta*
J1 Jx
Put x =t2
A=[:4rntdt=4 - (D) Ans.
19. S(p) =t-2pcosx+p2
c(-P)=l+2pcosx+p2
h(x) = s@). sed = (t+ p2)2 - 4p2 cos2 x
= 1+ 2p2 + p4 - 4p2 cosz x
I- 2p2(2cos2 r * 1) + pa
=
h(x) = l- 2P' cosZx + pa ...(i)
Also s@2) = \- 2p, cosx + p4 ...(ii)
From (i), ,Al=t-2prcos.r + pa = g{pz)
\2/
Again K\p\ = f mf f - 2p cosx + p2\ dx .. . (iii)
= f m{r + 2p cosx + p2) d.*
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Definite Integration 245
= ll ,"r<o')d.x = K(p2)
K(p) =,!x(o,l
2
(B) r = uG = dx =6u5du
7=St 6u5d'u
6Jo +1-1,-.
- JouB+uz-.lLus du=5-Gln2
E
,*1
= a+b= 5-6=-1 = (p)
(C) ," I" o tano) do = \
"-'(r"c2 -
Put -0 =t;dO = -dt
-n" E" et(sec2t +tatt)dt = 1 [Use le'ff(il + f ,(x))d.x = e* f(x)l
-e" fet tant)on = |
-eol-e-'tann] = |
tann = +1 =r (S)
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246 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
[li tan-r(nx)d'x
(D) Iim iil (Prt nx =t);
"'* fi sin'r(nx\dx
".1
If
nJ!n+l ",,n-rl)dt q
lim [Use L'Hospital's rule]
1 f ,ir,-'(t)dr \o
nJ\n.+l
rl/\ n I
tan 'l I
7t
,.
Ilm
\n + 1/ =1 +
=4n2 (R) Ans.
n+ -_=--rl*l n \
srn I
\z+U 2
(A)0,+Oo=I
2
- $z d0 P2 tanOdO (UsingKing)
^ Je,. (n ^\ Jor 1+tan0
1+ tan[, - u,
u=lfd,o=oz-01 =Tffi
-=,
= , =
##=(R)
(B) I=Jols"k,T*T)**
- ,1[ ,,-, lfk).g'@)+ f '(il'g(r)] - swla*
=
[r,,,'s(r)
+
#],
=lnr g(1)+ffi]
[r,0,
r,0,.#]
=[ry.ry]-r(o)-(o)t =2ooe + (s)
(C) Consider y = f(x) = 1l- x"*r)u" where n = 2OO7
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Definite Integration 247
r =(1* y'\n+1'
I
=fe)-o=o=(P) Ans.
u, *yn
f,(x\+ f,tyl =+x,,yn ...(i)
(A)
i
h-t
/ru("o.". e)* i
h=l
frp(seco)
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248 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
= zisodd
1
--; 1=r=r
f' 2
1
(c) g(x) = l<xS^,12
x'o
1
, Ji<x<2
y=llx3
y:l/x2
llxz
v=l/2
-^D -t
ff,s@)d.x = L,*a* +
!i2 \a. * I:,;o.
=! -.12 $.5 - t.74r= z)
-:,
-2so
(D) s(r)is not differentiable atx = L, Jr, * J2. + (R) Ans.
4. (A) t fw -ildt =!tun-'(*')
[o
Put 2-x -t = !
= dt=-dy
Hence, {: @ - y) f u) d.y = %f fe) d.y - !? yf@ ay
f ruto* =1
+f, foa* =B = (s)
(B) Let
r2009
1= ((x - 1)(r - 2)...)(x - 1004)...(r - 2007)(x - 2008)(r - 2009))dx
J,
2s6e*.il
Using King
, = J:oo' (2009 - r) (2008 - x)(2007 - r) ... (1004 - r)(1008 - r) ... (1 - x) d.x
= (-l)'oo'foon f(r)d* = -l
2I =O
.I=0 = (P)
(c) ['"0 e''le' -I
1= Jo O*
e'+8
'
Let e' -L-t2
:+ e"dx =2tdt
r=2!:x=r[f *-'l:;k)
= zls-gt,,,-,1'l
3 slol= 6 - 6fr) \4)= o -
t
L 2
t a=6andb=3
2
+ alb= 4 = (T)
(D) G'(x) = -gP
E"@)
...(i)
G',(Z)=-89=-9',(2) ...(ii)
g2{2) 16
Now (fog)(x) = x
f 'G@)). 9'(x) = 7
= f '@(2)). g'(2) = 7
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250 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints &,solutions)
f '(4)' g'(2) = 1
g'(2) = 16
From (ii), G'Q)=-E=-t
16
(G'(2))2 = t Ans.
Alternatively: f(4) = 2
g(2) = 4;
'
g'tY)= 1 p'(2)= t
f1*)t f,(4)
Now G1il=- I g'k);
g'(xl
G'(2)= .1 1 --1rL6-=-t
g2\2t" f'tLt 16 1
(G'(2))2=7 t
= Arr".
5. (A) 3l; sin(2r+ 3nr)dr = SJo sin3nr dr
(B) 1=
[ [x)e-'d.x
= []wl"-'a* +
f [*]r-'a* * fiae-* d.x +...
=o+ rf e-' d.x + z[] e-' dx +3!a e-' dx +...
= (e-r - e-2) + 2(e-2 - ,-3) + B(e-l - r-4 ) +... -
= e-l + e-2 + e-3 + e-4 +...*
e-t L
l-e-t e-l
(c) 1$ r"(2)
n|t \n)
d
ilnz+ln(il
7=, n
= Jo tt.,z +tnx)dx
Put !=0
2
dy =2d0
= ml2
= 2);- (cosO + sinO)dO = 4 =+ (Q)
(B) Let I = J4-x
l' *nxt4-x\ 6* ...(i)
AIso,
. 1.. (4 - x) e'(a-") d,x
t = J4_r (Using King property) ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
[* 4nxt4-x\4*
2I = J4-x
= 2I=4xZ
So 1=4 = (Q)
(C) Differentiate given relation w.r.t. 'r'to get f '(x) = 2tc + xf(x)
- f '(x) = (2+ f(x)) x
Let t=f@)then!=2rc+xy
dx
dv
or " =xdx
2+y
o
= ln(v+2\=*
'2 +C
Putr=1=y=1
1
C = ln3-:
= 2
-lnl(v+2\
" *2
l=--- 1
= \3)2 2
x" -7
- !=k z -2
*2 -l
So, !'(x) =\xe 2
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252 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
lr2)f
iO. cosnx dx = 0, because fla + b - 1s1 = -[(xl
lx sinnr r sinrr
It =r--l_dxl \3
\ 7r " fi 12
/
-lT.__l
)3+l/ cosnr
sin nr
_l )3
\ n )z I n2 )2
1.)
=0+*(-1-1)=+
11 fi
5or2I, = -100
Hence lson2lil= 1oo = (e)
(B) , = fio sgn(sinrr)dr
= uf t*t"inru)dx
{As sgn (sin
rr) is periodic with fundamental period 2.}
= s!' td*+ sJ'r-rl dx = E- 5=o + (p)
(c) u = !:o'[cot-l r] a* = Ii"' rdx +
[)]lro a* = cotl < 1
So, [Ifl=0 = (P)
lout l, * 2sld.x
(D) L-
lout ,, + 251d.x
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Definite Integration
253
so, N, = .|;u'[x +2sio* =
IJ' Jx]+2b)o* = !i, @ _lx] +28)d,x
=
q;!r - u'.l;' {x} d'x +(25x 51)
- 51x51
: 5t
"^
22 - +(25x 51)
= (25x 51) + (25 x 51) = 50 x 51
Also, o,=li {x+2stdx
= Jou' t ) drc = ill: kl d.x = nfi x .ax
/ ^'l
= stl.-/l =
51
\2)o 2
50j51
.L = = too
51
,
Hence,:=ry=50=+(R)
22 Ans.
8. (A) f(x -B) = f(x +3) V r e rB
x--sx+3
f(x) = f(x +6)
/(r) is periodic with period 6.
64 .A
Jo fk) dx = 9 Jo frxt dx
=9x9=92
k=2*(R\
{ ffr,,, d.=;x6xs=e}
(B) Applying L'Hospital's Rule
' rl
,.-
l*
Il Jo '"' odo
"'o r* + sln "' x Jn cos- 0 r1e
"i.,' "'1 ]cos2
*-\ 2
1
.fr'' 1l
=o+ 1
"or'
od.o =
i
),=4 =+ (S)
(c)
.J0
^Gt9
L = 1""'' sin(r - sinr) dr
+ cosr) (1
x, + cosx =t
(1- sinr) dx = dt
L- = J;" - sin/ dl
r9r/2
= t- cosl)fl/2 = -(0 - cosl) = cosl
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254 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
lll=[cos1]=0 = (P)
(D) I = | sin-l(t-x)d.x*f -2)d.x
"o.-'{,
x-2=t
dx=dt
= | sin-l (t - x) d.x + fi cos-l r dt
2.2&3 z
=-+-+a+a'
33
l,.2o.3r2
=-+d'+d+-
'33
I,'ro to - Joln'2 ,ir* d,*
= l-n'' .r .cosr d.x = x"i.r, in"
frIif
rnl2
1z=rsinr+cosrl
lo
f -'' r
*_oa
"
lo
'22
-- -
-2a3r2
t=-+a-+a+- 4a n-2
3 3 n-2 2
%13 ,) 2
+a'-a+-=2
3
2n3 +fu2 -fu+2=6
+ 2a3 +fu2 -Ja-4=0
3
0r * Qo * a" = - *
'2
_3
LAtAn = --
2
Lalz=? *9 =
'42
4
4
1000Io12 = 1000 *4 = 250 x 2t = S2S0 Ans.
4
(sin3 - coss 0 - cos2 0) (sin0 + cos0 +
2. I=f''
h/4
e
"os2
e)200,
de
sin2 o cos2 . e (sin e;2ooz 1.or g;2007
nl3
= ttanesec0 - cotOcosec e -cosec20) (sec0 + cosec 0 + cote)2007 de
[)"
Put sec0+ cosec0 tcot0 =/;
(sec0cot0 - cot0cosec 0 - cosecle) d0 = d.t
f'' t2oo7 dt = -1
I = h/4 sroo,
2009
t/3
1 (sec0+cosece+cot0)2008,
= -L r!lScanned by CamScanner
256 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
r [r- 2 ]\2008
='o*-Ll'. -di +"8+t)2008 1
e.uE,,} -,
f i [r. A')
nA, " iir\n)
Bn.
= riml
n+*fL2_1i"[r*
\
4]
n) - | r'o + ild.x
= f f.r, dx =lxlnx - xll = r"t
So, ri,"l[r.1)[r*
,*[\ n)\ n) \
?) (r*tll"
ru)) =4 e
(3
.
An n-+€
limA-
"
=: _3e
,r--- 2
llm- =_
n-* Bn limB, 4 8
n+
e
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Definite Integration 257
4. Un ={r(1-r)}"
d'U n
xlx (L x)Y-r $ - ?.,c)
dx = ___ -
.
*lf_
t% = xlx(t- df-L(-2) +(1 -zx)zn(n- 1)tr(1 - x)ln-z
dx2
= nIx(L - d)"-1G2) - l)Ix(l - x)1"-2
+ n(n
+ (4x2 - 4x)n(n- 1)tr(l - x)1"-2
v, - !)vn-L- zi,(.zn*-!ii,':
= n(n
i.e., Vn+M2n-L)Vo-r-n(n-1)V,-, =g Ans.
...(i)
Using King
On adding
-rl-rl *2
- dx
'o (2- *\Jt- r'
Let r = sin0
+ dx = cosOdO
sin2
ro (2 - sinz9o) ,,
I = nft'
2- sinz g' - 2
= -nf''
Jo 2-sinzo O'
d0
I = 2nYtz
Jo - -n2
2-sinzg 2
^ at2 "ec2 edo
-r+l-"J0
n2
2+ 2tan2 0 _ tan2 O z
^ at2 se"2 0d0 n2
1')*)
ro 2+1.annz g 2
Put tan0 = f
I = 2nY dt .
Jo -tr2
2+tz
2
Jz "lz )o-42
=znl*rr-'al-
n2 trz nz(Ji -t) n2do - J6>
=---=-=-
Jr2 2 J;
=+ a=Zb = landc = 4
:+ a+b+c=2+l+4=7 Ans.
6. Given J0 sin (x -t)di = *z
f 12 King .
=) ff t* -tl' sirrt dt = x2
:+ x2
ff - ?eJi r "irrt * ff ,'sin/ = .r 2
sint dt
+ *2 (l-cosr)- 2x(.-xcos, +sinr)+(-r2 cosr + 2r sinx+ cosr -l)= x2
+ €osr=l
So, x=Zntc,nel
Hence, numberofvalues ofO, Ztc 4\..., 3Onequals 16. Ans.
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Definite Integration 2-og
8. f(r) -Jr-t',6
f '(x)
f(x)f,(x)=Ef\")
tt I9I\Ldx
f't*l
= rltdx
"h-
+ -Jt4'@ = x *c
^r1\ J5
As, tla)= z
-1^=^+C
1
22 =C=-l
So, -$-ru =x-1
'frft)
\4/
=t-e16=716
,(1)= h -:Ja
'lt) 4 4
m=7 Ans.
Let.I1 = J*" {.o.r)fr*r d* ...(i)
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GRB prodtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Now, I, = .v
f'' (cosr)fi.(co sx)d.x
__ii_
r
I.B.P.
((cosr)f .sinr)[/z *
= fr'' Jr.(cosr)f-l .sin2 x dx
\=J-2Iz-J-a,
(Ji+1)1, I
3 ----J =
"1212
)rr3-u
', =(wz + 1)Gl2
12
I
-L)
=Q- J2) = h- Jn)
:+ n=2 Ans.
ff'' lu"or,)Jz,tdx _fri't in*)&*rd*
Note:+JT. --n [UsingKingproperty]
fi'' {cosx)a-ld* f,'' {rin*)fr-'d*
ro. J = f, ,r-160)100rroodr
( _^ \1 ,
_^ .r-ror ^-ro1
= I (f - 150)100 |
_-- _ it f OOtt _ rso)ee GSO xas\x*' dx
l. 101/0 Jo ' 101 ---
ur'=o-o
=o * [] (t
' - ruo)'e
(t - (t - x*o))xrwdx
101 J0
= (1-rs.)eer too
dx -[,r-rso;roorroo4r)
H(fi
-
al +
5000 - _l
_.J =
5000 _
101 101
5101 r_5000,
101"- 101'
:+ j=Yo*=:
m-_7-n _ 5101.-L-5000 _
20 5 20
Ans.
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Definite Integration 26r
q
11. Puta = J,
x
Weget I=-I = I=0 Ans.
12. Here, the area of big triangle is I and there are 2 of them.
2
v
So,
Iil 2
r<"1a. +
ff" sk)a* = anz ...(i)
Now, [# r.(cosr)dr = 1+
Jt^I
!I
II 2
" I.B.P.
= *'(f'(t)-21+x2f"(t)+ AxffQ)+6)+4 = 4y x
='(f'(t)-2)+x21"{t)+4r(/(0)+6)=gy,
Hence (f '(t) - 2) = 0, f "(t) = 0 and (f(0) + 6) = 6.
f(tl = 2t -G
| -x2+&x, o<x<4
h(x)=)*'-8x+32. 4<x<6
|.,, - 6)?+20, 6<x<t2
Range of h(x)is [0,56], i.e., N= 57.
^f *, *4 *6
-zl_+_+_+...+_l
*2n+2 It
lr-2 2.4 4.6 2n(2n + 2).lo
=2[-L*1*1*...*
LL.2 2.4 4.6 ' I
2n(2n+2))
')l
.*(!_
2Lt,- z) ' \z s.i ' \g t)'"'' \" '
= r*1[l,1_1) *(!_1).11_1)*
"+t))
Hence, m[r.i(r-,_r--r-)]=;
p=3;q=2
=) pq(p3 + q21 = @)(2)t27 + 4l = 186 Ans.
*2 -l<r.1ho"r=o
1 1<xs2 )
16. /(5)
(x-B)2 2<x<4ho..=g
=
7 4sx<5)
(x-6\2 5<x<7ho"r=e
I 7<rs8J
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From the graph of fk),it is clear thatf(r) is periodic with period 3.
fta
= Jo
Zcosz -l d.t = fta L- 2(1- cosz t) a,
t
cos, + 1 ro (1 + cost)
= Zff'n ("ort -r\dt * fi'n ^ at
-4.
= 2rsinr -ttfn .f,.2.*4]:'
=zlL-rl*t
LJz 4) 'r 8
=,{2-i*Jz-t
= 2J2 -rr-,
+ a,=S=g=)
+ a+b+e=6 Ans"
r-etI=Yln$+?)o*
Jo !+ xz
Put r = tanO
+ dx = secz 0d.0 ; whenr = \ 0 =tan-1(2)
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264 GRB .aoalems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
=lX"-"r,(r.r(ffi)r,
, = ff"t" lnldg-f"-" lrr(1* 2tano)do
I
2I = tan-r 2.In5
^r = 1t..r-l 2. ln b = tan -t z.tnJE
2
Hence, a=2andb=5.
a2 +b2 = 29 Ans.
ln (l +
Note that , Y Yt) dx = tan-t a .ln L+a21
Jo l+ xz
19. g(r) = Sand s1lat =Z
f,
Zf (x) =
[, t., - ?.xt + tz) g(t) d.t
= *' fo [email protected] - 2n
f E(t)dt * ff ,rs@at
Differentiating
2f '(x) = ,zstr) +
ff se)d.t .u - zlx'zs(") *(r ,s@dr)f+ x2g(x)
zf '(x) = % s(t) dt
f, - rlo,ual ot
) o, + In*2)(1,*1
z=0
*I oas)
sr 1 \r 1 \
\ t_il_I =}(* #)
,'*\n+7)\n+2)
-1
I-
2
11
2- 5
11
5- 4
ii
n+l n+2
sn" =1--L
n+2
+ um[r- 1 )=r
n__+_\ n + 2)
=+ 1oolim[r- 1 ]=1oo
,r+@\ n+ 2) Ans.
Taking log
, = ]s[('. #X, .
#) ('. *))'"
rnp =
]**[*(,. #) r,,(r .
#)* r,(r.
+ . +
#)]
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266 GRB proalems in Calculus (Hints & Solu.tions)
r, =:1,,(r*
<n.
#)=*"(r.ffi;
,
lg;I,"[r. *;^)
| \
s =
[t m[r*
= Jo
r f' ur('*2]a,
)a, = ro
\ 1+r/ \r+1/
=f mt, +2)d.x-fir"t, +l)d.x
=(x + 2)ln(r +2) -(x + z) l1o - (.r + 1)ln(r + D -(r +D lt6
= ar - sin(l) d,
"o,Z[:^rrr*.(l) "r"ilXt,l
zem being odd
I= 2cos9l^"r","iorLo,
2Jo 2
Put l=r,weget
2 "'
t = a"orZf, y:Zot = scosltl sinvl6 -
[ sinv dvl
+
-lit-zero
t = _t6cosZ
+ -16cos9 = -16
2
ct,
cos- = 1
2
= 1=2nn+a=4ru\neI
2
Sum=r[4+8+L2+...+96]
= rl\x lool = nl24x5ol
L2 .l
= k=12O0 Ane.
24. Consider In = fo'' #0,
sin2 (ro]g- !in2(st e
/ro - /s - ,*rz r,
1/z
sin(19)e*
= ro ...(i)
sinO
But *# = cos(-180) + cos(-160) +"'+ cos(-20)
lllZy Is-18 =!
r r -fr
,z-,1 - 2
Hence,&=5. Ans.
25. We have2f, f@at + xk = xf(x) ...(i)
= f'(d-'f(*r=kxk-z (+-!y=P.*o-'\
x\drx)
L
Integrating factor = I.F.=
x
So, ry= nlxk-zax
f(x)
=) x =k'*o-'*C
k-2
Put r = 1in (i), we get f(l) =L
k
Now, C =L-h-2
= c=2-k
2
= fk\ = kxk-r * %
h-2 2-k
Since coefficients of f(x)are integer.,' .o =L -16 -?- are integers.
k-2 2-k
+ 2-k=t1r!2+k=0, 1,3,4
But & * 0 as & > 0 and atk =1,,g,4, integer hence possible values of &
fi*also
are 1,3,4.
Hence, sumofpossiblevalues of k=\+3+ 4 = 8. Ans.
zB. = x 1 l.;n**?.nherex.[1.u1]
--'4x2_2.tc+9 =1
4*+9_2-10 t - x -Lb'-lJ
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Definite Integration 269
Puttingr=1 + 6*=-)a,
l'll
r,=-!?,1;, l*o,
I p-i*n)"
=f,u !{-
, [ 4t2=, lo,
_zt *g]*"
Now'' = f,,*ffc**j.{-;*al*
=, = frul* f.'{r} + {-r} = 1*5"nx e\
/ = (lnr)?ys = 21nb = plnq+Btan-l r
- p=Zq=!andr=$.
:. p+Q*r=7 Ans.
Ma" = [i' tl'ff*
27. Let, = foo **.
-r100\
f
=Ilo o*.li:"1; )*
pot,100=, + -12oa*=at dx
xxolcxt = -tL=dt + --dt
,=fo f(La*.t#or=rto Ma*=2x5=10 Ans.
2g. I, = Jl/z f (sinr + cosr)"-l SI" ljo"r)a*
III
f.,, = r(sinr + cosr)o-l (sinr - cosr)Ifl2
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270 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
(i) + (ii)
Hence,
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Definite Integration 277
4 -t4k _ 7
120 -go
:+ k=-2
Hence, a=4;b=t0
a2 +b2 = 16 + 100 = 116 Ans.
31. f(x) +3g(r) = x2 + x +6 ...(i)
2f(x)+4g(x)=?*x2 +4 ...(ii)
Now,
2f(x) +6g(x) = 2x2 +?.x +12
,:"r:4g(x) = ?-x2 .:
Zg(x) = ?-x +8
Hence, g(x)=x+4
f(x) = *2 -?-x -6
Now g(tan2 x) = 4 + tan2 x
and f(tanx) = tan2 x - 2tanx -G
(g(tanz x)- f(tanx)-8) =(4+tan2r)-(tan2 x-2tanx -6)-8 =2tanx +2
J = fo' h(g(tan2 x) - f(tanx) -8) d.x =
f'n tn{ztunx + 2) d.x
= 1,.}fo'n d* +
f;/' h(1+ Lanx)d.x
J = !lnz+!l1,z= &kr2
488
3nln2 g
-"---- Ans.
J =
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272 GRB proaZems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
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Definite Integration tlo
r=rtri*
Put "2
+! =t
x
+ (* -\)a. = a,
as lc)7,t -+ 2
as x)@tt1*
I=84 a*=**"-'l],
1[l-tan-r ?1=!"ot-r2
=
312 313 3
Hence, A =l;B = 3; C = 2;D =3
(A+82 +C3 + D4) = 1+9+8+81=99 Ans.
, rla blx
35. r=lo" -" d*
ta X,
Let x=at
a dx =adt
=al--" -at""blat dt
ftla et
'r
/=fJlt "'-"''' d, (wherebla=a) ...(i)
Put t =9
v
= d.t = -4at
v'
(e"tY -eY)y
/ = -[r
JC 4ay
0, y'
7 f kY - e"/Y)d,
= Jay
(e' - e"t') dt
or I = _lo
Jl ...(ii)
t
From(i)and(ii),21=0 = /=0 AnE
36. Putr=cot0
+ dx =-cosec2odo
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')1 /1
GRB Problems in Calculus \Hj?!s & s9!y!t_!,t1\
J= (; 2cot0-(cosec20)2.0r,
1 - (cosec2O) 0
(;
r
2sin0. cos0 -(cosecJ0).
(2sin0. cos0 - 1) + 1-
0,^
0. cosec2e .^
(; -a'u
""lg - 6
sin2o-o
= ln(sin2 e -olli/,! +
f,l sin2o(sin2e-e) d0
lr-n)
= lnl .--A I * Jr/4
f'' cosec2oc/e = (ln 2) + 1
I 1 nl
l r- n)
=+ 100(1+ ln2 - ln2) = 100 Ans.
rr
Aliter r"I=f' \-(1+x2)2cot
r*
,o (1+ r - a;-;itlt;;i ;o"
Divide byllr+ x2\2
cot-1'r
r=l' ttt f '11 - dx
I
-
7+xz "ot"l,
(u -'
1)(r
I+l -"ot-t,)
l+x2 ) l1+x2 ____*dx
=t; [(r rz)z
+
l.' cot '-r:
-
l+ xz
l'Zx1) |11 '-cot'xJ
,\
=rrl1rn..rlr-tr-.'i
Ju I 1 ,t-]t"*lJ""[r*r--cor
,'-i"= 'd''No*proceed.Ans.
t'"t 1.r 1xJ
[,*"--
37. tirrr 1l n("':lL-fl \n
" -'' , j!, \ n"+k" )
ri* 1[rr[ Itt2 +02\' Ir' *t']' (n2 +2, 1r (nz +(n-1)2 )"'l)
=
,--nI l;,-1,) l;r-r,)
t \,+r,l l-;r;7-) ))
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2:l:tiJ: A"gy!,:" Lt?,t
so, 1=
Ftt.ls
J, ,*,
Byz ,
av = Jn
2'1*f-1at
1t1t.rB(yz+1)_g,
' f =1,m(sttiit
Now, - n-Btan-1 (trt)+fu-ot,,)
f '-\ 4 )
So, 4L = -3r*12
= l2=-4L-Br
Hence, ab 4L -3r = 1 + 12 = 13. Ans.
39. Let I = f --:-((3ncosr +4sinr)sin2.r: + 4) dx
'o Jt n sin3 x
yrz x((3ncos"t+4sin.r")sin2r (n-rX(-3 sin:r -
-:)l=lr r()
+4) 7T cos.r + 4 sin.r) 4)
-=.-----* |.-* a)'
r/1 + sin3 r r/1 sin't .r:
"q;.,#.,
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276 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
("-6rrsinr 2 _l coszr
=e I = f'' | * l^[* *"% la,
'o I Jt+cos,r --lE-|
L -a,r- )
:=) I =146fi *"o"1 )t2 = 2n'
+ k=2 Arrs.
r y- Jr- *'d*1.* il o*
' = r-r
= f(k)
(k+7) _ xz
L):F *
r(x) = t.u+k+
r-r d* * I:.,
#
,;mffi;t
r(k)=%tE+LIlffi*
Put r = sin0
f(k)=N'L!;''ffir,
=NEmU;'' do-kt:''
#4) -l
= 2,rc;tll - hfot'
tut'eae
L2 ro 1+ &(1+ tan2 e) l
=r,1611t-! JE 1
2^lk+L) L2
f(k)="<Jk+t-JE)
99 99
Now) f(h)=n}tJEi-JEt
A=0 &=0
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Definite Integration 277
( , 1 1 1\
I cos-r- -srnr- . cos.r--. dx I
r-fn\ x xo 1c")
'-Jo . Y
1,* t'""J
[;
/I cosr - -=-r\.lclx r(l
I + r)a,
I=1" -fn x\r "it )
to Y (t Jo (l .2
I +srnrl\2 l-+ sin* l
\r/\r
.___li- )
r ,l^
I -1 llll | rnxsinxd.x
/- = cos^rl- tdx
ll - Jo l+rsinr
t-
11* J 1+ r sinr
[; "t"'J]o
- -rc cosr lo -t rn _dx
/-_t r sin.r + 1 .
1+ r sinr J6 Jo r sinr + 1
I = (n- 0) - trl6
I=n-n=0 Ans.
q
4s. !: @fiu,) - fz(il) dx =-3
r2
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278 GRB Proble ms in Calculus (Hints & Sttlttti.ons)
= fiu^
(1+2"o")(1+2""')
periodic with pei'iod =2n
where L = J0 4x
' lh (1+ 2.,,.r)(1 + 2.in.-)
UsingKingand add.,2l1 = t? -iL--
Jo (1 +
2to"')
Again using King and add, qI, =
I? clx = 2r,
Hence I.,2= I
I = 8Ir : r"X,= Arc
= kn
Hence, k=4 Ans.
45. Let r, = Io (1 - (1 - x2')1oo)2oo* tJx
.'. 1r =
Il,r-rroo)2ooi -11r, ,_ a/
= Jo
,t _ rtooYoo ! 6, (i)
(Integrating by parts)
=0 - 20200f tr -r100)2" 0. - tloa -t)dt
= - 2O2OO fr(1 - rr.00)202 + 20200fi (L - *oo)2ot dt
Iz=-202001r+2O2O0I.t
lt=20299 =
p
12 2OZ0t q
(q- P)least= 1 Ans.
+e. . "}) + [ -r2ll = u - r,'. -
lz(.' fi
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Definite Integration 279
L.H.S,>4andR.H.S.s4
=
lr(,
' . ))+ r-r,,1 =u -(r*-,.
#]
Equation will satisfy at r = *1.
.'. ft = -1 and x2 =L
Now' {;i['.[*"('.Pa)]l*
lJ
-!)
1+ {r}
=1-1+1{r} = -!!- .[0.]l
1+ {r} I ' 2,1
8'(0) = 3
g"(O) = 5 Ans.
49. (x2 +r+1) P(x-1)=(r2-*+l)P(r) ...(i)
Since, x2 +* +land x2 -x+Lhavenofactor
Let p(x) = (x2 +r + 1)g(r)
from (i), gk -D = g(x)
:=) g(r) = g(r + 1) periodic
=
A polynomial is periodic if it is constant.
g(x) = k
= P(x) = k(xz +r + 1), P(1) = 3
= P(x)=xz+x+\
Now, Jo
""'(,.fi;5)* =l_:,lTtl.,_
= Jo tan '[;az;;m _ x + z) )
d
= J'(tan-1(r2 +x + 1)- tan-l (x2 -x +L))dx
| f- I + cot-1 (x2 *
2' """ \* - ' D)a,
= lo (
cot-r (x2 + x+ 1) - x+ -,)*
(2
i 2
= fn' {cot-l(r - x +1) - cot-l(r2 + x + l)) d.x
)
= f tur,-', dx + [1 tan-l * a* - f,tan-l(r + r) +
lj tan-1 r
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Definite Integration 281
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Application of
Derivatives
Exercise-
Only One Correct Answer
t.
2. F(x) = elxlclx
[ - x2013 - )c2072 -gr2 + gx +C,
where C is constant of integration.
P(x) = x(rr - 1)(r 20'1 - 8) * C
flO) =F(1)=F(8v2orr)=C
* F'(x) = 0 has atleast two real roots. (Llsing Rolle's theorem)
I rl
Note that P(x) = 6 5r. exactly two real roots in r e I g, gzoir Ans.
L] I
Now, f 'fu) =o
+ coscl, = sincr
=n/ 4
l2and between two maxima, there is
Hence, l'(tr) is maximum at cr = 0 and a = r.
one minima. Hence, a = rl 4 gives the maximum value of f(cr) and is pdven by
fG/0 =1L+2"/2)2 v Ans.
5. f(x) = ssb:)
f 'k) =
"st').g"(r)
Check the nature of g'(r),
g(r) is increasing (t) in (t, 2) u(3, -)
and decreasing(J) in (--, 1) u(2,3)
g(r) is continuous V r e .R
But non-derivable at r = 1, 3
g(r) has local maximum at x = Z Graphofg{x):lx2 4x+3 l:l(x .1)(r- l),
and local minimum atr = 1, 3. Ans.
.o I -u2-4x+3t r € (-q,, 1) u(3, -)
Aliter: We have, fi;-) = = il_,..r_n.,*r,
"lr"-4r+31 r€[]"31
l(,
-'+-.f
# I 2
-oo 3 ty)
ixl 4x-3
Graph of y : f(x) --el Sign scheme of y = f'(r)
Clearly, /(r) increasing t in (1, 2) u (& -) and f(r) decreases J in (--, L) u (A B).
Also, f(r) has relative minirnum at x = 1and.r = 3.
/(r) has relative maximum at x : Z Ans.
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GRB prottems in Culculus (Hints & Solutions)
*2 *2
Putyl =?,*" get2.x1'1..9a, -45= 0; 2.x! +27xr-13b=0 rr i,-:l
U! G, - 3) + 6r, (r1 - 3) + 4E(x1-B) = 0
@1-\Q-x! +6rr +45) =0:+11 =3
7. Consider a function g(x) = xf(y)
Obviously g is continuous in [0, 1] and differentiable in (0, 1)
As f(1) = 0
d0)=6=g(1)
Hence, Rolle's theorem is applicable for g
f some c e (0, 1) such that
8'(c) = 0
xf '(r) + f(r) = 0
.
cf'(c)+f(c)=o Ans.
8. Applying LMvr over f(r) forr e
1", +)
,(cr)
rat 2 .r(a+b\
f =r(".f)-
(9 (6-o)'[ 2 I
11
[z )
( a+b\
"''[.'' , )
zr(g-Y?\
lllty f'kz) = -+#, c2 €(+, r)
Applyrng LIVTW over y - f'(x) in [c1, c2l
f,,(x)=f'(e)-f'(c)
cz-ct
- < 0, where r e (cr, cz) Arrs.
We have,
where a = I (sav)
4"
For maximum or minimum, /'(f) =0
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286 GFIB Proble ms in Ccllculls (Hints & Solution,s)
-+ ccs_L- 1r
_=J= -€(0.n)
I
"'12 4
+x-axis
01 1t
4
ipoinl ol loual md\lmum)
Sign scherne of f '1r)
f(rlt l
l-\\
T,
\ 4/iand f?tJ o"lt4 nl.)
onlo,
'l
Atso, rim f(x)
.r ;0r
= ri* f 999' : f -, --
r ,0-l Stn.f )
Hence,absolutemaximurm valueof f(
'\ x= +'].= t- Jit,fit = l- 2= -l Ans.
4)
12. As F'(0)= 0cos($+a),where0+ae (0, rc)
For maxiurum P'(0) = 0
lnz ^=0or0=I-q
F"(.0) = cos(0 + cr) - 0sin(O + q)
In \ ti-
F"l9l>0and F"','\-c tl <0 = Maximaat.r = -u
\2 2
We have F( e) = [o
r0
* cos(* + atdx
l_ v _
I.B.P.
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287
[(r-tttr-9)
| *(r - 1)(r -9)
if r e (1,9)
2
x(?,tc - 10) - (r - 10r + 9)
f '(*) =
x"
2x2 -lox - x2 + 10r -9
,
x,'
x2 -g (r -Bt(r +3)
x',) ,
x.'
for r € (-*, 1) u(9, *)
fln;x1>3andltnl"rl.:
for r e (1,9)
F'rom the graph(--, - 161 u [4, -). Ans.
Aliter I : For the given condition to be satisfied, the value of ft must lie between
the slopes of line OA andOB.
For slope of line 0A,
*\x2 - 10r + 9) - lsr must have equal roots.
* (h- 10)2 -36 = 0
-1 k=4, 16
:+ h=4
For slope of the line OB,
x2 - 70* +9 = kx must have equal roots.
.+ (&+1012-36=0
k=-4,-16
h e [4, -1 e (--, - 16]
Aliter2zx2-10r+9=*kx
x2 -(LO+ k)x +g =O
D=(10tbz-36=O
10+&=+6
k=-16or4
and 10-&=+6
lz=16or4
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288 GRB prottems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
-2n= 1
y' (.ir, 2cr1) (sin 2a2)... (sin 2 crn )
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App li cation of Der iu atio e s 289
y3,, =1
20
I
=+ Jmax
24/2
lM-zl
1*El'.'t > (1 + tan2 s.)u2 = tancr,,
AM>GM
at * az * "'* futn (ap2as...h)Yn
2.
n
= (?c)il"
*...* ao-1 + ?tt, ) n(2p1u"
a7 + a2 Ans.
18. We have, flr) = 2.x3 -3(2+ p)x2 +72px + 1n(16 - p2)
Now, f'(x) = 6(x2 -(2+ p)x + 2p)
=2
.'. -f '(x) =o<*
_r=p
A", flr) has exactly one local maxima and one local minima
So, p*2 . ..(i)
Also, 16- p2 > O
p2 -lG <o
=
=(p+4)@-4)<0
+ -4<p<4 ...(iii
.'.The possible integral values of p are -3, -2,-1, 0, 1, 3.
+ The total number ofintegral values ofp are 6. Ans.
a)*3 Br + sina
Let f(r) =("'=- -
\a" +2)
a)*'
f '\*) =s.("'=- -s
\a2 +2)
As, / is strictly decreasing on .B
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290 GRB
So, fulll=o
\a'+2)
+ a) - 4.0
:+ a e L-2,21 Aros.
2o' f'(") =3x2 -6px +3(pz -tl
=g(xz -2px + p2 -D
= 3(r - (p - 1))(r - (p + 1))
Here,, p-1>-2
+ p>-Landp+7<4
+ p<3
pe(-t3)
So,(pz -p)=3-(-1)=4
Ax (x _ 2)e,
21. Let ' = l;,
flr)
,cz
f 'k) =
xl
So, from above Saph,
", +
So, c,'in = 2 Ans-
22. (x2+4x+1)2+o-1=0
(xz + 4x +L)2 = L- a
f(x) =(x2 + 4x +1)z
--\--*\t
\/
For four distinct solutions \l
1-ae(0,9)
-o e (-1,8)
\l\l
o e (-8, 1) Ans. \ /
z*,[i
= 6a+b=0 ...(ii)
.'.On solving (i) and (ii), we get
s=\b=-6 Ans.
25. We have, P(f) = 1,000 -t 1000'-
lOO +t2
+ p,(t) = 1i999951')
eoo +t2)2
.'.Put P'(t) = 0
= t=+100
Also, [P"(f)jr=ro <0
so, p,,"*(r = L0) = 1000 + ,10-oo I19" = t0b0 Ans.
100 + (10)'
26. f(*) is increasin*,|*":::lin class)
g(x) =
[r.' i] >o
- r''*r'[r"*l]
-'
s'(x) =[t. r,)'
[,,
* r(* - i) . r"(*j)]
= [r * 1)'.' [r.r1' * r'l* r -
\ ri L \ x ) x )
dl
Let, x+L
x
-u;fotx>o,ue(!-)
Consider hlu) =lnu+L-u
h'(u)=1-r.oin(!-;
u
Hence, hlu) is a decreasing function in (1, -)
h\u) < h\l)
h{u)<0 [butA(1)=0] \
g'(r) <0
+g is decreasing lu
.'. / is increasing and g is decreasing (B) .{ns.
=
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292 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
-?n
[-,
+& r<-
x. <-1
27. f(x) =| 1
1, xe t\ 2)
x e tl,
Ir%c--a yx )'.
>2
rt,dx + !:(Lr -B)d.x
,=.|r"r(-2?,cc + 3)ddx
"*J
g
')f il!+
2
= (-r.x- +3x ,+((r)l +(x2 -3x)32=2+3+2=7
r-
M2_-N 2 +1,rc -3
2
=-n Ans.
I
AI
O
28. t2
I
e5+
.'. Slant height = 13
As, g=9
r
S=r0
+ 2n(5) = 130
10n
0=-- Ans.
13
29. \;=r*lnx:v=-"
2'-2
lr,2
At .1+r, (lnr+1)lnr
dx =r,
x =7nmr =9,- = 1
)c
At x=7rrnz=4Y
dx=2'l!2=z
lrt2
tan$=l---l
lz-rl=-1 Ans.
11+ 21 3
I
f'{r) =0'- V-
sec20+sec0+1 )=
["".e*1)'nB
2) 4
l. \
,11
(-.,1ru1-*=u
Ir,
=]thenf'(0)>0 =) /tV 0.(r,;)
= f(0) > f(0) but f(0) = 0
f(e) >o v oe
/-
n\
Ans.
't'u'rj
31. at x = -Ll3,y =logz}
-logr(-r),
y =llogzlrll= -1<r <0
dy -1
d.x=-1.(-1)_
ln2 (-r) xln2
dyl B
il*|,=-ur- -ln2
.'. Equation of tangent at (-1l3, log2 3).
y -ro1zs = -+f, *
lnz\. 1)
g)
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294 GRB proUtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
yln2- ln3 = 3r + 1
lx - yln2+ 1+ ln3 = 0
px+yln(q)+ln(3e) -0
1
P=3,q= ,
7
+ P+q= I
r=
2sin(lnr)
32. f '(x) = cos(lnr)
+ V5
lcosttnrla + 3 si.r(Inr))
r;
; \ JsJs )
J5 . sin(lnr + u) where tm o = f
=
xz
For increasing, f '(x) > A
+ 0<lnr+cr<?r
- -cr<lnr<?r-c[
nfi- a < lnr < nTc+ n- a
+ enn-a <x<ent+r-a.
.6cos(p - l.) = JEcos(nn+ n- c--(nn- a)) = -J5 Ans.
x-9' y-
_+:_=I
33. xu! + Yt3 -
"atz a2 b2
xxt
2
*-r, *2 n-r, 4 o =
. !!r. t
3 3' dx a2
-+-=I b2
dy
dx- -v!'
*y,
n!3
t_tt=_"ir@_x)
yxya -yfi13 =-y{'*+xfl{3
yl'* + *l' y = *Y'y"@l' + y?3)
xy "
*Ys
-+ vYs
,ffir.Jh a
a2 bz
-f-=I
o * b
=.il'
"13 *t''
"u3
=vt'' -
o2 b2
1
"/3
a2
^-qr| -- --;;;
-{,1
c"'
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.ty1tii991j97 9l Deytr,:!it, c1 295
^-2r3 _
a
'{r -,*| f
- '-' r'
*?,+u?3=o*!!
lil{''' ,1" = ,,1n) 'u3
.)/1 a+b
"
"u3
:=) nlb=C Ans.
Lllearlv" R<ille's theorerp:ir;6pplrcable for the function flr) in t-L 11.
r,r.os(| ) - o
Alsr, i 'fii = lipr- \I' = O
,'0 lt
ol Ane.
!:=
35. F'rom graph
36.;'rr)=r3-3r+l
f'k) = 3(u2 -1) = (r + 1) (r - 1)
f(r) is increasing in (--, - 1) u(1, *) and decreasing in (-1, 1).
Now, f(-2\ = -l f(1) = -1
f(-1) = 3 f(2) = 3
f(0) = 1
fcz)- /(-D <o + Hence one root lies in(-? - 1)
Ixl = -2
Now /(0)-f(1) <0
= Hence one root lies in (0,1)
[r2] =0
Also f11)-fQ) <0 + Hence one root lies in (1.2)
[ra] = 1
5-a>0 = o<5anda>0
.'. Possible integral values of a are l, 2, 3, 4. Arrs.
sD. fk) = $[4 - x' - 3)2 + 6[4 - x' + r)3
Let 4-x2 =a
+ o e [0, Zlfor x eI-Z 21
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Application of Deriuatiue s 297
o4nl3
40. I=f t"-sinr)dx+ff-" (sin*-c)dr + I_. (, - sinr)dr
iv
r =
"(+o- ?). (n*-., - 3)
/(cr) = ,i,, o (+o - ?)
. (n *'" - l)
/'(u) =0
+c[=- IE
6
1
Ans.
2
41. f(") = 2-xB - 27.x2 +78x + 24
f '(x) = 6(x2 -7x +L3)
f'(x)>0vre,B
f(x) is increasing function -
= flflf(x) - Zxo)) > f(f(?n" - fkD)
Now,
+ flk)-2n3)>f(ue -f|gD - f@)-?ns >bu -f(*)
* f(x) 2 ?-xa = 7x2 - 26x-8< 0
= ..1-?.n1 L7 .l
42. We must have
lx
t^l I 2l
lft*l 3 rzl= o
l51 6 1l
.'. r(3 -6x2) -].$k) - 5x3) +2$f@) - 15r) = 0
+27x
'f(x)=xs 11
f'(x)=t#>ovre.B
Option (A) is correct Ans.
=
43. Let f'(x) = xu7
Apply LMvr in [3,5], f '(a1)= q#
+ f(5)
loro' -
7', -f$),
2
o1 e (3, 5)
-9=22=a=-25G Ans.
8
For 0<r<1
1[*)'
F\x)=ltt-twt=lt-:-t
'o L 2)o
F(x)= * -*1o
L
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Ap p I ic ation. of De,:Ug! rr:! 299
and F(1) = 1
2
for 1<x 32
1r
FG) =itt - oo, *i1 a, = l* o
01
+ F(x) is constant
For 2<x <3
l2
F(x) =i roro, *l rtttat *! t<ttat =
l* o-
i,,
- 2)2 dt = ,.'+
F(x
*-*' if ocrSl,
2
1
if L<x<Z
,
I G -2)3 if 2<x
_+- <3 lt6 i 1/2
23
(ii) Range ofP(x) from tfr" n"rf,
[0, f]
(iii) Area =
i"trl a* + o*
!*lrP1
=
i["
- *)*. ;. i[;.[-#))*
4l' (r 2ta
=ft- * 1 *[l * - l3
12 6 .lo 2 1.2 tz ),
=;.li- *). [(; . +)-,,]
=1*1*f-=6+4+7
23L21212 -17 Ans.
.'. There exists two distinct tangents to the curve y = g(r) which are parallel to the
chord joining(1, S(1)) and (3, g(3)).
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Ap p lication of Der iu atiu e s
301
For f,€t0,41
g(0)=6and8(4)=18
.'.By LM\rT
g'(c)=ry+ +k2 -l2c+11=3
4-0
- kz -tZr +8=0
, (bothe(g,4)
s=l+:-
J3
...There exists exactly two distinct Lagrange's mean value in (0, 4) for y = g(x).
Ans'
=+ (D)
x2 -Br + 1= (, -
(iii) we have D(r) =
il' - i
The curve , = hlx) is an upward parabola, intersecting r axis at two distinct
points.
;. h(r) has exactly one critical point (i.e., the vertex) and no any point of inflection.
22f
Atsoa(r) =o+, = 1* ftothe (0,3))
2 *r-*lL-Hll
=*"
12 )lo
4 * r-,{t- prl= L+ kxz
=
2 t2 )
f(x)=!+kxz ...(ii)
From (i)
r ^'1
%=l=k=!
o 3io=L*43 =
n=io+kt2)dt=r*A'l 3 2
:. g@) = *-3 is linear with slope 1 and cuts the Y-axis at 9=(B)
lincarwithslooela ,
i,=+g
q^-2
Also /(r) =, * Twhich is a quadratic polynomial = (D)
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302 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
-
9t=L+-.-=I*-=-
31- 7 7
29 6 6 xr'Yr).
Hence, ^"(! l\
[g' e.J
i-
:. "."' +zbx+8)2 +(r3+
!'
!_?t -b'-b*)'+(zcc|
1],t-
g(r" )
4x2 -Bbx +B)2)
ltt
-'
Now, f(x) =0 =+r3 - 6x2 + 4bx -S = <- I,
\^,
Also A.M. = 1', + )', + )-, =6 = 2
1
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Appli catio n o f D er iu atiu e s 303
P'ee-n -,
peL = q ...(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
L , LeI'
Ans.
P=
rf_lirrlog= ;7:i
Alsomaximaoccurs atx = 1= B l- and f"(x) = - e-' -(1- r) e "'
=
= e-' (-L- 1 +r) = e-* {x - 2)
f'' (x) = 0 = r = 2 (which is the point of inflection)
Hence a = 2
0-9=1 Ans.
Again RQ=Q -1)and PR=1- P
(RO- PR)=(q-1)-(1-p)
=q+p-2
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304 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
=
IEL L ^ LeL+L-?tL+2
s' -1
Let
"'-t- "'-r-z=
g(L)=I*L+L-?IL+2 (er-1>0)
g'(L) = LeL + eL + l- 2eL
(L-1)+1
=LeL +L-eL ="L
g"(L)=eL +(L-L)eL =I*L >O
g'(L) is increasing function
g'(L) > B'(0) (but g'(0) = 0)
g'(L) > 0
.'. g(Z) is increasing function
e(f,) > e(o)
s&) > g Ans.
Paragraph for Question Nos. 19 to 21
(i) We have SQ- x) = g(2+r)Vr e .B ...(i)
Putting* = 4, we get
g(-2)=9(6) =0 (Given) Arre.
(ii) On differentiating (i) with respect to r, we get
- g'(2- x) = g'(2+ x)
Now, puttin g x = 0, L *e Set
|,
s'r+j
- - g = g'(1) - s' \2) = s'. (3) = u',(|)
\2)
So, clearly by using Rolle's theorem, for function y = g'(x)in intervals
t]' A;tzu,[*
[;' n'.
i]
we , ,aclude that the minimum number of roots of the equation 8"(x) =0 in (0, 4)
are 4. Ans.
(iii) We have g(2- x) = g(2+ x)
Now, replacing x by (2 - r), we get
g(x) = SG - x) + g' (x) = -g' (4 - x)
Now, t, -i sQ+ r) sinr dr
-r
Using King Property,
fr
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Application of Deriuatiues 305
Hence, ,, = O
4-
Also, let tz = [rr]^ ax ...(i)
4. 1
dr (APPlYrng King ProPertY)
Jo
*;ta;i
1t
Ir=l----: ^dx ...(ii)(Asg'(x)=g( -x)YxeR)
'o1*n-"'tt'
So, on ddding (i) and (ii), we get
1 1 \
%r='(
li*7". t;;^)ux = ilz=4 = I'=2
Hence,f2 > (. Ans.
A
So,
'4 P(x) = 2@4 - 8rB + 2?n2 - 24x) + B ...(i)
=5 -337A = ------------_.:f
-7348 A = 4
15 15
-
Hence, P(x)=xa -8x3 +22.x2 -24x-55
Clearly, P' (- t) = 4.(.- 2) (- 3) (- 4) = - 96 and P(- 1) = 0.
So equation oftangent to y - P(x) ata = - 1, is
(y-0)=-96(r+1)
Now,fory-intercept, putr = 0wegety = - 96. Ans.
1
A(1.-64) B(3,-d4)
Graph of y: P(x)
So, distance AB = Z Ans.
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ication of Deriuatiues 307
Area of OPBO I
ou fo
-iuo a*
-2
Area of OAPO 1
i r*, o"
v:f(x)
0
i., ch = Bi fo, o.
0
=
. rd,
l- =zllL
tyJx
= lnY=21o**l11c+Y=sc2
dY
1y=cx2
yx=b
(2,4) is on it
c=1
curveis !=x2.
(i) Any tangen tto Y2 = 8r is Y = mx + Z
m
Solving (1) with y = x2,we get
o
*2-mx-a=0
m
Put discriminant = 0 (for tangency)
+ ,-8
*'=i
+ nl,=-2
Equation of common tangent is y - - ?rc - | =?tc.+y+1=0. Ans.
(ii) Line through (3, 0)
y-0=m@-B)
Solving it with ! = x2
mx-3m=x2
= x2 - m* +\m=O
P(6,36)
Put discriminant = 0 (for tangency)
So, *2 -12*=o+m=o or m=12
Equation of tangents is y = 12t - 36 and y = Q.
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308 GRB prottems in Calutlus (Hints & Solutions)
6
Required area = -Area of APA.l/
!*'a*
0
.216 *336
32
= 72 - 54 = 18 sq. units
Ans.
(iii) As locus of point of intersection of tangents at ends
offocal chord ofparabola intersects at directrix.
n=io,+kt2)dt=L+L
0
i2ln(*;-l) e"7ix<-2
Clearlv. s(x)'=r0, -2< x <2
I
2\ Ans.
(iii) Clearly, g(x) = & has exactly two distinct solutions, then integral value of k is
either 1-or2. So, sumofallpossibleintegralvaluesofh =L+ 2=3. Ans.
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310 GRB Problems in Caleulus (Hints & Sol;ttions)
f,(*)=itr_t)2 _20.
+ ''il =1@
/1
6
- 1)3 - ?ttx + c ...(ii)
(B) As roots of f(x) = 0 lies in intervals e3, - 2),(0, 1) and (4, 5) respectively, so
there exist no c € (5, -) such that f(c) = Q. (True)' Ans'
1 I (*n 9" . - )'
Cl [ftxtdx = Jtr3a -3x2
^ e
-9x + S)dx - l-
[+
,
- x- - 2 1$a I
o o - Jo
=(!
\a -r-9+s)=11-q
2 ) 4 2
-17-18=j=True.'
44
Ans.
! 4:?
"
(iii) Given.B(r) = -a,
0
1 f ''(e-t I
"g'(x) = le-k
'e=-*
-e-' +l)
Also, f(x) = xB -3*2 -gx +5
=e f'(x) =gx2 _ 6x -g
=) f"(x)=6x-6=6(r-1)
So, f" (e-*) = $(e-' - 1). Hence, g'(x) =
!!Jt1::2
\e * -e + L)
*
As, denominator of g'(r) is always positive,
So g'G)<0forre(--,0)
g'(x)>0forre(0,-)' Arns.
l"(b) = l$):l@-+
b-a
3(b - a) ...(ii)
= 6(2-d=6 + a:L
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312 GRB proOtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions\
(ii) Using (i) in (ii), we get
OE
(b-a)=o=9$=o
22
5
i,
f(r. -o' + !'l d* =32r Ans.
i\ 2) 64
Paragraph for $uestion Nos. 46 to 48
fV@D=o3l*'-(2+b)x
\
+ 2b -:)(r, -(2+b)**rU-!),
a*O
Now, we shall consider B cases :
(x:5,y:2)
.'.2+b=10+b=8
9q ' --_::\
0.
Also,26 -1=25+16_
AA
25=1 e)
= a=--2
I Graph of f(x) =
;? t* -2)(x - 8)
Let, D = discriminant of - (2 + 0. * 2b - !)
[r2
=(2+b)2 - 4(*-i)=(2+8)2 -8r8* +_,1!
=100-64-144<0
So,flx) =lG-Z)tr-8)
9
_.) .)
- I (r -O'+2
-,
=(2+8)2 *g*8+- 8
-819
- 64 - I > 0. So, above case is rejected.
= 100
CaseIrI:When. *2 -(2+ b)x +(zu-?\=0and *2 -(2+b)x + (ar-!)=o
/\roi,\[o/
5555
But, it is not possible for any real value of o and b. So, this possibility is also
rejected.
We conclude that '9
f(x) = a** - 2)k -8)
(i) From above graph of f(x\, we can say that the maximum value of f(x) is 2 and
attained atx = 5.
(ii) Let the line passing through O (0, 0) be y - mx
Solving ! = m^xandy-9= *U - $2 + 2;
_,
We get m* = -4 k - 5)2 + 2 :> I mx -- 2(x 2
- x + 25) + 18 2
+ (9 m - 20) x + 32 = 0
"9 tO
= ?*x
oi,tlrrxiax =
[(+@
- 5)2 + z)ax= #[,r:*], .t
=A(o+27)+6=.
27
2+6=4 Ans.
Put r =0
4-1oo
27=Kx9=K=t
27
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374 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
7; a + b + c + 4 - 14
27 =W
Putr =
27
d.+b+c=6 Ans.
(ii) g = f'l
/(0) = 4
8(4) = 0
Now 4tu,r,rl at y =
cly
|
eO) + Yg'\Y)
Put y =4,49'(y) +g(y)
o= n
=n
f'@) c
Now to frnd C -+ differentiate (i) and put r = 0 to get C = 3.
44
_=_ Ans.
f'(o) 3
Aliter zf(x)=ax3 +bxz +cx +4 ...(i)
r
Given /"[f)=o-o\ ...(ii)
r'(a)j =,
'Ia B
...(iii)
__9
and r = -j lies on tangent to line.
3
70
1/=-
"27
I -9\ 70
Hence,
' fl-:l=-
'\3i 27 ...(iv)
70 _ _u _1+a + 5\?
+ 2n.! I +
27279\3)3
a=1rb=2andc=3
Now proceed. Ans.
Paragraph for $fuestion Nos. 5l and 52
(i) Let 8@) = tn?)dx
=x(xg-3tr5-5r3+15)+c
=x(xs -S)(r5 -S)+c
Clearly, f(0)=f(3vs) = f(|us)=c
...Rolle's theorem is applicable on g(r) in intervals [0,3u3],[3u', 51/51 and in [0,5u51.
'j y = xu' has alocal maxima atx = e
o<svs <3u3
.'. There exists at least one 'c', each in [0, 5v5] and in [5u5, 3v3] for which g'(r) =0
i.e., p(x) = O
f'(l)=8
1(1-3)(1-5)*c=8
c=0
f'(*)=x(xs -g)(r5 -s)
:. f'k) roots. Ans.
= 0 has exactly three real
(ii) s(r) x
lnr
g'(x)=l!9l
ln'x
Jin(0, 1)u0,e)
.'. Only one integral value.
=+
g' (x) = e-* {f' (x)
g(x) is increasing for
- f(aD > 0V
"ts
*e .E
<<,
x6x
.'. g(r) > g(r 6 )V r >xs
= e-* f (*r, n-* o f(xo
g--__vJ
) + fl r) > 0 Y x > x x I given f(r 6 )= 0] Ans.
0
^-a
b+r+
-L
k(k>0)
(ii) t"- 2
e'
,
b-x'
+.r + ---
Let f\il =
e*
2
8)
f'(x) = -(r -+
' o
?,e'
.'.flr) is a decreasing function V r
lim /(r) = 0 and lim /(r) = * also /(0) = 5
Hence graph of flr) is as shown and f(x) = &has exactly one root. Ans.
(iii) g'(r) =3x2 - A9 - a)r + 3(9 - o\{" \*z
Since,.r1 and lc2 are opposite signs.
.'. Product < 0
Product ofroots g - a2 <O
az >g*a € (_ *, _ B) u(8, *) Ans.
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Application of Deriuatiues 3L7
"','r2""**[il"-.T
: r:i:r* :";.
Clearly, f(r) is minimum at x = -4.
4
/ \ ( -n
flr) l-i, = ,l+)= ^-t -;-)
[rz )
-x/4
r.
f,, (x)>
[+, I] r,,,,,,,
ov =
:+
' [sJ-'f'k)Y r.-Lg'g]'
'r'[r')= [-.1].
2. {x) = f(x) + f(?tt. - x)
0,(r) = f, (x) + f, (*t. - x)
Since, f" (x) > 0
f(x)=Jcosf.cosiG+t)dt .. .(ii )
0
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q
Clearly, LHL and RHL both should be just greater than n as f(r)
is cont. atx = a
.'.flr) has local minimum at r = o Ans.
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Ap p lication of De r iu atiu e s 319
As c=?e(0,1)
Also, f" (c) =o
= !?.c2 + Soca- 4oc3 = o
21216 + l5c2 - 2ocl = g
=
*c = 0 orl5c2 - 20c + 6 = 0, will have two distinct roots.
Clearly, '(c) = 0 has three distinct solutions
f' = option (B) is false.
Now, verify alternatives. Ans.
7. We have f'(x)=#>ovr>o
f'(*)=-q., 1->ovr>o
l+ x" l+ x"
= jf'r*rarriL,a*
Jrl+xz
r
= f(x) > tan-lr
- tan-r 1
So, f(r) + I , t.rr-' r, for allr > 0. Ans.
4
Note that in (D) equality holds at x = l and hence (D) is false.
(x
8. we have f(r) - - L)2-'e-^'
(l + x2)2
l) (xr :3x2 lx + l)
= f'G) =G - -+
(x2 + 1)3
'
""
Let g(r)= xB -k2 +5x+1,
E'(x) = 3x2 - 6x + 5, discriment < 0 so g(r) has only one real root.
Also, g(-1)g(0) < 0 so one root of g(r) = 0 belong to the interval (- 1, 0) say q,
,- sll' graPh of g(x): xt- 3x'+ 5x - I
(r - L)(r3 -3x2 + 5x +
Now sign scheme of f'(x) =
(r2 + 1)3
-
-ve +ve
Atr=1
-ve
Atr=a ct
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320 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
9. Clearly,
f(-t)=-f(L),flO)=0
For options (A) and (B), apply LMVT fbr the function v = fk) in I- l, 0l and [0, 1]
respectively.
For option (D), apply LMVT to the function y = (f(x))" in [0, 1]. Ans.
10. Given, f(x) ={tr- '1" 'r'(1- cos(2nr)), 0 <r < 1
[0, r=0
Note : /(r) is not defined ar 16 = I lbr a < 0 ..(i)
+ limh"*2 =0
h)O
a+2>0=a>-2 ...(ii)
Hence, (1)n(2)=G>0
Note : /(*) is differentiable in (0, 1). Ans.
, r
11. We have f(x) =i"-" tt - s) (r 2 -7t + 12)dt #
0
Signoff'(x)
f' (x) = "-"' (*- D (r
2
- 7x + 12)
= e-'2 (r - 3) (x * 4)(r - 5)
Now, verifr options (A) and (B)
As, f'(3) =g = f'(4) = f'(5)
.'.Consider y = f' (r),onr e [& 4]
As Rolle's theorem is applicable
So, 3 some c1 e (3, 4) such that f''k1) = 0.
Similarly, consider y = f'(x), onr e [4, Sl.
As Rolle's theorem is applicable
So, 3 some c2 e (4,5) such that f ' '(c2) = O.
There exists atleast two c1, c2 e(0, -) such that f"(c1)
= = 0 and f,,(c2) =O.
= Option (C) is corect
Now consider y - f''(x), x elcr, c21.
As Rolle's theorem is applicable
So f"'(c) =0forsomece (0, -)
+ Option (D) is correct
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rz. (A) f(x) =;- 1,x e1l\ 4l
f(1)=1 +2=2=f(4)
'\-. 2 2
(Also, flr) is continuous and differentiable')
Now, f'(x) =0
= !-'==0=r =2e(1,4)
Zx2
So, Rolle's theorem is aPPlicable.
k, f*,)=ovre[+,;]
theroem is aPPlicable.
=Rolle's
13.
+ J=!2
Also, from equation (i), we get
f''(x) + f'
= - r)
'(L =o
,,,(i)=,
so, ' \z) 'r"(!)
f"(!)=
[s.,]
Hence, by Rolle,s theorem,
f,
, ,t*1 g =) ( 7 4\
=
"lr'E)
Also, f'(x)f'0- x) =
+ ,'G)= ,'(1)
So, by Rolle's theorem
f"(x)=o+r.(i,,) Ans.
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Ap p lication of Der iu atiu e s 323
h,,(J-) !
\24)= 4
(B) hG) = t B
+ 6r - lwhich is not an odd function.
(C) h'(x)=3r2 +6>0 = fr(r)isincreasing
(D) h(r) = )n values of l,in (0, 3) for which equation has a solution if l" e (- tr 8). Ans.
19. f(x) = cos2 x.etaax
+ f, (x) = stanx.(1 - sin2r) 2 0 V r .(;,;)+ fk), "" (;, ;)
= f" (x) = etan' .(- 2cos?-x) + ebn* 'sec2, '(1 - sin2r)
f"(x) = et,,nr (o:n*:; .l)+
(sec2r - ztanr)l
\ 1+ tan" rc i
= f(x)'(tanr - 1) (tan3 x- lanzr + Stanr + 1)
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324 GRB proUlems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Now, let g(x) =tan3 r - tan2 r + Stanr + 1
=+ g'(x) =(3tan2 x - Ztanx + B) sec2r > 0Vr .(;,;)
So, g(r) is increasing function.
/_-\
Also, ,(.",Js(o) <o
so, g(r) = 0 has exactly one root * (;, *rr""" one root is I and other root lies
i),
*(7'o)
So. f"(r) = 0 has exactly two roots (;, ;)
"
At * = !,7 {x)has a local minima. Ans.
Graph of f (x)
Now, verify alternatives. Ans.
Givencurveis oxl * y+b=0 + y=ax! +b
Let point P, be (f i, atl + b)
Slope of tansent =
*lo =, *i
.'. Equation of tangent is
t-@t!+D)=3at!@-t1)
.'.Tangent meets curve at P2 $ 2, atl + b)
:. (.ail + b) - {atf + b) = Jat?Gz
- t)
+ aTl -tl) =utl{tz -t)
+ tl +t! +t2t, =S6l (.'.t, * t ,)
=) t'r-trtr-%?=O
= (tr+%r)(t2-t)=0
=+ tz=-2tt
Similarly, ts=-2tz
.'.abscissae are in G.P. for all values ofa and b. Ans.
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Applieation of Deriuati.ues 325
Exercise-4
Match the Columns TyPe
1. (A) 14flr)) = ln(r - 1) + ln(r - 2) +.'.'.. + In(r - n)
tI
+........tc-n)
f'@) =frrl[-r
Lr-1
-* -+
x-2
f'(x) =@ - 2)(r - 3) ....'.(r - n) +(r - 1) (r -3)...
(x - n) +...+(r - 1Xr - 2) + ...(r - (n - 1))
f'(n) = (z - 1) (n - 2) (n - 3) '3'2'1
(all other factors except the last vanishes when r = z)
5040=(n-1)!
7t = (n- 1)!= n = 8 1 (P), (R)
(B) s(x)=f'(x)- 1 * 1=* 1 *c;
ftx) x-l x-2 x-n
Hence g'(x)<0(think!)
g(r) is discontinuous at z Points
= n=9
(C)e(r) = Shaseither n- lornroots g@) =
#*
gk) =ffi .C
n=8or9 = (R),(S)
(D) No. of roots f'@) = 0 is n. - l' (use L.M.V.T')
*(n - 1) (n - 5)2 = n- 1 =+ (n-1)(z-6)(z-4)=0 =+ (P)' (Q) Ans.
v
g(x)
g(x):5
I'(.a) = - n-@-212
= "-o'
Now, for maximum or minimum value of .I(o), we must have /'(a) = 0.
2)2
=+ e'o' = n-@_ =n@-2)'-oz =1 =
go
= @-2)2 -a2 =0
= - 4a + 4=O+a =\
AIso' I"(a) =-
*r::-;:
rrT ,f,r"
"'ro
Clearly I''(a = l) = 2I- e-r - e-rl = ,(-3\=:1e . 6
\e )
So, will be maximum for o = 1. (P)
.I(o)
=
(C) We h"rr" 4 - e't - I
dx4
1
= xr=-ln4and yr=e-ln4 = ,1
' =4 -4y:l
nln4
Equation of 'l'is (r-f =i,*+rn4)
= 4y-l=x+ln4 ..(i)
Put y = 0 in equation (i), we get
l. f'(x)=x2 +r+L>OVre17
g'(x)= (r -3)(r +3)(r - 1)(r -3)(r - 1) (x -2)(r -B)(r + 1)
= (r - 3)3 (r + 3) (r - t)z (x - 2) (x + L)
n{x)=f@(x)) L.max L.min inflection pt L.max L.min
+l - | + | + | _ l+
f'(x) = f' @(x)) g'(x)
\_-J
-3-1123
+ve
.'.n1 =4nz=Zns,=L
= nr+n2+nJ=5 Ans.
rS
ftx)=*: -(m-3)n-2 +mn-2OlB
2. '32
f'(x)=(x2 -(m-3)r + m)>O,Vre[0,-)
Case I: When D <0 +m € tl,9l ...(I)
Case II: WhenD > O+m € [- *, 1] u [9, -] ...(i)
*=o+(m-B)<o=m<B
?n
...(ii)
and f'(0)>0 = m>0 ...(iii)
(Dn(ii)n(iii)
+ me[0,7]...([)
So finally (D n (II)
+ mef0,9] = [0, &]
k =9 Ans.
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Applicatinn of Derivatiues 329
= [ 6r - 4f"k))
u-
\/,(r) f,G) )
,__,_
=urrr(
6 )=s
-
,*\f"(x))
:.ILzl =, Ans.
Puto = cos0andb = sin0
Hence. E= b*L - sino+1 =f(o)
a+b-2 sinO+cos0-2
For maxima./minima, /'(0) = 0
=+ (sinO + cos0 - 2) (cos0) - (sinO + 1) (cos0 - sinO) = 0
+ sinOcos0 + cos2 0- 2cos0 - sin0cos0+ sin2 0 - cosO + sin0 =0
= cos2 0 - 2cos0 + sin2 0 - cosO + sinO = 0
= L-3cos0+sin0=0
1+ sin0 = 3cos0
=
(1+ sin0)2 =9 cos20=9-9 sin2e
=
= 10sin20+2sino-8=0
+ 5sin20+sin0 -4=O
+ 5sinz0+ 5sin0- 4 sin0- 4 =0
(sin0+1)(5sin0-4)=0
=
sin0=-lorsin0=1
5
Now value ofE, when sin 0 = - 1is 0.
4. sin0+1
! +t ! +t
and value ofE when sin 0 = 5or5
-ts
5 sin0+cos0-2 43^43
-1:--2 '---z
55 55
_o
i.e., E- "ot I
3 -
Hence, El-ui-r- = - 3when sin 0 = luoacoso=9=,, o
55
Hence, u2 =9. Ans.
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330 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
5. ftel > 0, flg) <0, f(2), /(a) will be of opposite sign. f(L), fG) will be opposite sign.
Following 4 possibilities are as
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
q- --:-1
,lt + m2
/=
A_
".+=(m+n)=25
f(r)=I+
8. '2
l"*[*"-'[#))l
[!*turr-'r, r>o
l2
trrr-tr=.1I.
l2'
r=o
l{*t.rr-'r, r<o
l2 L*stope I
f(x')=!r+tan-LxYxeR
For finding inverse of f(x).
! + tan-r y = y -it= *" (, -
X)
But if slope of the line is greater than 1 then line intersects the cunre y = g(x) at
three distinct points.
Let AF=x=DEandAE-y=flp
As ACAB is A,CED
cE
so. -DE -b-Y =L-r=a[r-I-)
'CAABbc"\c)
(Here BC = a, AC = b and AB = c)
Now, area of parallelogram AFDE
= S = (Alt') (EM) =ry sin A=S = x.b[f - 1) .in a Note : sin .r{ is fixed ...(i)
I c/
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Application of Deriuatiues 333
Differentiating both the sides of equation (i) by using Leibnitz rule, we get
3f2(x) f'(*) = x 12 (x)
As /(r) is strictly increasing , so /(r) * 0 .
3f'G) =N =f' @) =L
I
= Ir =6andY, =6
So, Equation of normal is (y - O) = ;ltr - O)
2
.'. For y-intercept, put r = 0, we get y = $. Ans.
11. '.' Degree P(r) is 5 with leading coefficient one.
of
.'. Degree of P'(x) is 4 with leading coeffrcient five.
P'(x) = 5(r -1) (r - 3)(x - 2)2
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334 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
P'(6) = 5 x 5x 3x 42
= 1200 Ans.
u
12. Given, f(x)=e' .[ e-t .f'(y) dy -(*' - x +l)e' ...(i)
0
f(x)=e'(x2+*-*2+r-1)
f(x) = e* .(2x - 1)= f(L) = e.
Also, f' (*)=e' .2+(?-x -1) e' +f'(l)=2e +e=3e
and f" (x) = 2e* + (?Jc - D e' + 2e'
=+ f"(l)=2e+e+%=5e
Hence, f(l) + f'(7) + f'(l) =9e Ans.
2e
=k=9
13. Let fnb) = I e-t" d.t
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Ap p li cation of Der iu atiu e s 335
m(2"(1-1.)
Hence.L= lim ln(o,,)= 116
n -)6 n -i6
ln(ln2)-ln(2" -1)
- ,'* [,.,,,.,r, - l \ 2")
'--[ n
n.ln2*m[r- I
z= ri- [o- 12" -ln2
"--[
l
Hence, e-L = 2 Ans.
tr
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336 GRB prottems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions')
f'(x)=i z'tt'-$dt
o logrT
0
sign scheme of f '(x)
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Application of Deriuative s
dt zero onlv ifo - 2> oando + 6 < o not possible or a - 2 < 0 ando +6 > 0
da "urbe
Hence ae(-6,2).
Solving * =O,gives o = 10 (rejected)
- or o = -!
"da i,
2+25+
Hence Imin =
F..r*_,
*'/i156 - 4=!!+34 - n =17 -4 = 18 Ans.
=y3333
Aliter:tan0 -a+2 =6-o +10o +2o=3o-5a
510
+ 'llila=LO+a=?
3
P' (2, - 5)
Hence, P' (\3',i for finding Jmin
=,0')
We have, f (x) = e% -k +L)e* + 2a + cos2 + sin 1
f'(*)=2*k-(c+l)e'+2
Now, f'(x)20VxeR
i.e..2(e* *1'l-t"+1) >0 yxeR+ (c+1)s z("'*al o xeR
"'''-1." e') \ e'l
minimum"value=4
c+1< 4+cSB
c€ (-*,31 =
(- *, 4
Hence 1" = 3. Ans.
19. p(*) + L is divisible by (r - 1)3
+ p(-x) + lis divisible by(r + 1)3 ...(i)
Similarly
p (x) - 1 is divisibte bY(r + 1)a
+ P (- r) - 1is divisible by(r - 1)B ...(ii)
+ from (i) and (ii)
p(x) + p (-',x) is divisible by (r + 1)B and (r - 1)3 both
a p(x) + y' (- r) is divisible by(r + 1)3 (r - 1)3
But then p (x) + p (- x)has degree6 =+p(r) + p (- r) =0
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338 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Equation of normal
_1
"6- L=
Y --:(r -B)
r+6Y=$
Area=1rgr.!=27
224
h=p
' -L
h- 3-p n-
PM =CM - PC
Now, (CM)2 = (h -3)2 +(& + 1)2
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Applicatian of Deriuatiue s 339
-3 3-JS 5
3+ v5
G
.'. in[0, d,
r5n
or-
r =-36
\4"
r. 5n
36
='f ,.t, el de = .o".-lo =r-:=
Jnrs 22I
Now f (o)
o
tr+
x4n
33
f (n) = Jl"i" elae = J- sin o do
1an/3 -1 - 1
f(n)=cos0 I =j+1=l
J"22
,(;)= j, oldo = *.'L;, =i-e)_t -I
'sin
'i,
,(T)=
,il''"
ot do =
,i:t
o do +
". 0d0= 2-Ji
Hence, minimum value rz = 2 - J3.
and maximum value M=1
m+M =B- JI = Jgi - Js=Jp - JA
p=9;q=3=rp +q=L2 Ans.
lo"o** +bsinr if 0<rsI
2A. f(*) =l 2
lo "o",
-bsinr if -Is*<0
2
For -nl2<.r<0
f'(x)=-osin*-bcosr ...(i)
and f "@) = - o cos.r + b sinr ...(ii)
Since f (r) has a minima at *=- nl 3
f'(-rl3)
Henee, f"(-nl3)>0
=0and
Now, f'(- rcl3) = + a.f22-9 = 0 = J$o-b =0
and f"(-n/s) =-1- b.9=-lto * o"fel= -?r,>o
222-
Henceo<0and5<0.
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Application of Derivatiuea 341
ntL O s,/2
Now, I -I tf {*D2 a* =I f'<*l d.x + lfz(u\ d.x
-rct2 -nl? 0
o
= [ {oz x - 2a,b sin.r cos * + b2 sinz x) ds .
"osz
-xl2
n/2
+ I hz cogz.r + %tb sinf, sos r
J
+b2 sinz dd*
0
Hence, ,=+.++?nb=2
zGti+n)a2=z * ffi ",uFm.l Ane.
x4 -x2
x---1
25. y= (taking*3 common)
x6 +2aB -l *s +2- -!,
x3
x-- 1
v- r ...(i)
=-D2+2=O+f=1
d2Y1 0 =+maxima att = 1
= -& =-4 <
tu'),=,
Maximum value = 1= L = p= land g = 6
6q
It occurs whent = 1=+, - 1= 1=*2 - * * 1 = 0
x
rrG
x=-:+-
r+G as.f >I
22
p =|;q=6;a =L;b = 5;c = 2
p+q+a+b+c=15 Ans.
Alternatively, after step -1
(,-*)'.2=a(,-r)
1 ( r\
No*. ' ,
'(*_r),*z*rL_ .['-rJ=l
t)-o[,_ r'1 6
f* ;) '"-"1*-;) -('- *)
... Maximumrdo"=1 thisoccurswhenr -I = t+sameresult.
6x
Ua
26. Let J {"'* 4x *a5x2)"* d,*=fe* (Ax2 +Ax +C)1{"
0
C(e -U+{+€
= o,*1 Ans.
a"aa2
' 27. Given P(r)+ 2=er@)k - 2)2
and p(x)-2=ez(u-)k+2)2
Hence, P'(2) = 0 and P'(-2) = 0
Let P' (x) = ft(x - 2)(x + 2) (As P' (*) must be a quadratic polynomial)
P'(2) =0 andP'(-2) = 0
On integrating, we get
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Application of Deriuat iues 343
P(2)=-2andP(-2)=2
ke -8)+c = -2 ...(ii)
\g)
and n(A*8)+c =2 ...(iii)
\s )
" [:' -)
:+ t2 - ot + ut.>ovt.[], *')
L4' )
Let f (t)= t2 - at + ?a,
f'(t) =2t-a
Case I: If 9< I *ra!
,2
-/'4
---{-#a3
2 4 [q
In this case fort el 9 *)\ minimum value occur *t =1'
14,
ffl'l>o + 9-'3o+ 9 *9.0 + 9 +Zoazo
?a>o* 16 a> -9
'\4i 16 4 4 = -20
l--e 3l
0€l-. ...(i)
- I
L2o'2)
Coeeil: If 9 =1 * o=!
- 2
-'4
------{----{-
1a
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344 GRB proalems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
...(ii)
,oJ
=
ft\ d,t
[ef =! s tt) d,t + 2-x + 3 (Using King Property)
_l -2 99 t00
.................... 96 97 98
Clearly, local extermum (maximum or minimum) will occur at
x =99,97,95,...., a 1
.'. Sumofallthevalues= 1 + B + S +.... + 99 = 1tr, 1+(50 -1)x 2l= 2800 Ans.
2-
Equation oftangent
Y-f(")=f'(x)(X-x)
f (r)
e =(*-
\ f'{*)'. o)1
B = (0, f(x)-x f'(x))
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Applicatinn of Deriuatives 345
S'(r)=
2(x + l)(xz + 4)'?^x - (x2 + 4)2 -0
4(x + l)2
4x2 +4x-x2 -4=o +|rxz+ 4x-4=o
- 3x2 +6x-2-x-4=0
(x + 2) gx - 2)=0 +r =?t..0 <r < 1)
- 3'
... Minimum value ofS (r) = I27 =(p + e) = LOl Ans.
I,
33. g(a) = J l2sinr -al cos x d.x, 0<a < 1
0
2sinr -a=t
2cosr dx =dt
, 2- a
s(a)=i tVldt;ae[o,Ll
o
o 2..a
2e@)= IGil dt + lt at
2s(a)
- 2 lo *t1'-"'
=!rrl-" 2)o
4 e@)=a2 +(a - 2)2
4 e@)=h.2 - 4a + 4
s@)={ - a+1
s(a) =
iro' -
?tt+ 2)=f,tO- 1)2 + il, o<o< I
*=!,*
2'
= LHence Z(M +m)=& Ans.
34. Given, I + f"(x) + f' (x) = x2 + fz(x)
or g*ql.*dY-=*2+n2
dxz dx
As, P be the point of maxima of f (x) so g = 0 and t4 .0.
dx dxz
N
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Differential
Equations
Exercise-1
Only One Correct Answer
t. dv
dt
= -k4r2 . ..(i)
butY=!nr' q- = 4fif-
. "dr ...(ii)
3dt = -dt
Hence.L=-K
'dt = (A)
,. *+yf(r)= g(r)'g'(r) .
g. ay
'3J,-r, 4!=
2
-' g**-r, *2 dx -' dx=
o, -y'=1.1^
*u3
*l*)=-, *#='
t"at =! *u'd.* ; = ! *o'' + c
I lrn''
.r4/3 _r4/3 =g
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GRB proalems in Calculus (.Hi.nts & Solutians)
*2 +y2 -?-x=c
(x -l)2 * Y2 =C +L=C (B)
=
6. Y- t=m(X -x)
Now, ['-9)-= -r
\r-1l
dy
1r----:-= L- x
"dx
Integrating, t=*-t*c
22
*2 +y2 -b=C
This is the equation of a circle with centre (1, 0).
:. ?x +3y - 15 = 0 is tangent at (1).
.'. Perpendicular from (1, 0) on the line = r
l?*l= Jr*"
lJtgl
C + 1= 1.3+C =12
isr 2
Hence, the cunre + y2 - 2a = Lz Ans.
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Differential Equotions 349
i g = -n'rat
'rrly t
,Jil:=-u,=-*
0-4= -.!-+t=60minutes + (C) Ans.
15
8. sin *4!*ycosr=1
dx
4 *n cotx =cosec r
dx
l.F.=el*t'fu -rln(sin*) = sinr
y sinr =Jcose"r'sinr dr
Y sinr =x +C
If r=0, yisfinite.
C=0
y=r(cosecx)=-!-
SINT
Now, t.tand,I>I
42
Hence. !a1a4
24
+ (A). Ans.
*Y9=*'+2Y'
"dx
(SteP'A) which is linear.
NowPut!=ux
ur&-
d.u xz(l+ zuz) l+ 2u2
dx x'u u
-
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350 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
du \+
X-= 2u2 l+ u2
dxuu -U=-
1 udu jdx
J
l+u'z -J;
1ur(r +u\-tnr+c
*[i*)=,
*2 + y2 =Cx4 + (A)
1. lY
dt -KM
= M =C e-kt
Whent = 0 ; M=Mo =) C=Mo = M=Moe-kt
Whent = L M =+ + k=lnZ Hence M = Moe-tttt2
2
When M = **
1000
then r = logz 1000
!=m,x +-1
n1,
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Differential Equations 351
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352 GRB Aoalems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
x+!=xe*
r
,* Y(2)
Now, =*z + y(2)=4e2 - 4
2
and y(l) =(e - 1) (Given)
Hence y{2)= 4(e + 1) (e - 1) =+y(2) =4y(l)Iy (1) + 2l
k,= 4 Ans.
20. dy+xyd.x=xdx
'
=r = -Integrating factor
d.v !-2
|
cl.x,
+ xy =e 2
,2 ,2 ,2
yei =[xen d,x=ea +C
-12
Hence, Y=l+Ce 2
J(0)=2 aC =l
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o1[:rr:ts!-&t sl,o,, JDJ
-12
Hence, 2
-y(x)=l+e
.lt.l,') r I -, -I
a=11,,
-,lt
+rl-r,t*=lu 2dx Ans.
rrl ) 0
= vo\ =Jg*.2-:!l' * s.
:+ y171=4!!!' *c
2
Here, c =r_1!-?
.)
.L
t )-, [ -2".y,d),* (:
.v
::, (.' - -1
- ,,'2,.r, = 2ln.y - L-+lt -ez, -- 2eb lny Ans.
21. /'r-' =t +fflttut lNote : /ror = 11
1+-r' i, l+t-
f)ifferentiate both sides w.r'.t. .r
(1+r2) l''txt* f'tx)(?$) * f'ttxt
(1+x-)- (1 +"x r)
dvl'ht
: I 1r- ir_
.:,
- -l |
ctx l1+r'l-,i.t-"f
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ts54 GRB J';r,b1ens in Llolcuhrs (llr,riits & S,tiutittrts\
(_u:.).t
.:
,r
dx
tl t'
6) :..- -.
-t.v.1
= .t .F ('
,v(1
'l'
lnllv+!,i i=., nC
..,,.11_
=11,.
.v+1
Atr--0;y=10
10
l{=
11
.v ,,,
fit"
v+l" I-
:'s'"' ,
=+ = C
.!'+1 v K
1 1,,.t"
" J'K
e' -t=
- I
KJ
K
1!=
e-'t -K
,li1,l = I
*=r+C
-dY y)
y(L-
,\
hl -l- l=r +C
1.1-y i
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:155
[)if[e rent ial, Eq Ltotton s
-l
1-
= Ke'
1'
Atr=0;y=10
. -i0
11=- q
1-
.___L=v_1 p '.
.)K
1={1'l'
YK
--'
K
'1' = K + e"t
lirn f(r)= 1 Ans.
f Gl =\e' +e-')cosx-2x-
I i t
lrlf(;t -f (0)l-i,.f ftt't;-)f rt,,rrlli]
L
lrl
f k) = (e' + e-') cosr - 2.( - x ftx) + % +lr ftx) -[f vtatl
a.
Differentiating equation (i t
f'k) + t' {i =cosr (et -e.'') -idr r' 1'' ) sinr . .(ii)
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3_q6 _ GRB f'rr,1ri,'n;:; irt ('i-tl;.;,lrts iHiri.!:; k Srtluiir,st
Solving A = 3 / 5atd B,= -, 1,, JarrdC' - Z/ i
)'=e ,t3
I
l-.t.trSt
;,
- -srnr:'-{sin-t-c{JS-r)e-.
j) +2c . Ans.
.i
Paragraph for Question Nos. 4 to 6
Let g''\xi .= Ax, A + 0
t'l
s' (.1'l -. f{ t- fi,
2
As, s'i\ 2r'21
I ;..0 -; ()--'{'7,*B.1l.lA
28 ld
A.r'2 I
€trt=
216
. .{.r '' A.,'
So. .g{-rl- .+('
- 6 16
As, g i0) = 0 =+C' ," ()
.
g{.rr= A^r '' -4*
6 16
Alsr,, gtlr=i> i.'l 't *A=4iJ
616
flence. g(r)=$r - ;1r,
(i)
.{(2) =64 - 6.=59 Ans.
(ii) * itr
-Ar. .g (.r I = 8r
-1 Y;
ri
1 ,r- € -
V s't)
So, /' (g ("r )) = sgn rg.1.r -. f,p ).. ,i
0 fi t'\,]'o
8i
-l l' ts: o',,ri
| ()
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Difl crcn Ii oI l;qu otir> ti s 357
... . dy
,iii r : +g'(r).!'=(,l.'i).)+lig'rx)
tlx
. . lrrlcgrating lrctor = ri( '
-) g(r) = -r'
h(r) = - Lt +ikzt;l
".
ii) h'\xt = -: ; .a
3,,
,' r
., ,i .\.
1,, I i
28
As. !=-?a+'l-?r'r
^11 ,wefe.tf =
Putr-- Ans.
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3iq-, GRB p,y?kyttr.gy-try!",y !!!ty-!zc&Msyg
/ixr-"" =?
b
Ans.
- 3 cos.r r- I = 0
and /'(.r) = lg1ives 2 cos2x
1 -.t. r-
::i COSJ = --and COS.X = 1,t "''.O.2n
2 3 3
Hence, total number of solutions= 4 .{ns.
Peragraph for Sfuestion Nos. t2 to t4
Given. f tyt= r.*,1. .r)lnl i l*l f \ndt.Vre .R
\e, 1
= f'(x)=1-f-hr+1+f(*)
x
l''k)-ftrr-il-t"'i
' \x I
Put-r=f + dx=-dt
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I-et r, .'lil-t,,,j, './, =li-} - i,,i-rrietr-l)dr
=fi
Jlt
l-lnt-ttle'dt
)
_l;
,,-ii .-x Ii+li -zt^ Il+...+i_i .:___-:._,l=0
Ilrn^ll roor lr
r-,orl tanr i ltan2^xf I tan100r ll
I. Equation of normal
Y-.y=--!rx-r,
nl
-mY*my=X*r
X+mY-(r+my)=O
il
Perpendicular from (0,0) = i !.!-!:v-,= ,
i'11 + m2 |
x2+Zxym=y2
dv Y__:__-_
y2
- .*''
_-;: = +hr:mogeneous = (A)
dx Zry
Also, x.2y.4!-*,
" dx = ./yrput.yz
r--./ =t;2yly
_ er _ lt
",
ii = a*
dt,
X,-.+X'=t
dx
dt1
= _r which is linear differential equation
i; - ;, + (A)/(D)
dy _(y -r)tr/(r -y\2 +4xy dv . dr, ,r
2.
d- - --- -- -'- =i --- =I Or .:=---
,t dx dx .y
s.
sin-r
4. /(.r, = ---
xc
D. (A)82-x * 2n!!= o
dv= lTl, LGx
"dx -*
dx'y
dvk
"dx!!-
and 16nrc = *. *- - lTLo=
dx = " 16vl-,
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D iffe r e n.t i,at Eq atio ns
u 361
l6xlzx-16
ntffiz = '# Ci,. = i
k=- + -v- = -l + (A) is con'ect
dx - .r'-r-1
rcr = 2"r-- z,
d.'-
l- = 2! = *,
dxr'.r'
Arstr, zx+4y4-,'=o:rd! { =*"
' dx r1.r=- 2.y'
x)' = lt
11 r' r1 r,'
t,= (i.-r
1'
'-. = l?l,L
rl:r' t/.r' .t
ti"t(n2 = - l 0)) is correct
=+ (A), (B), (C), (D) all are correct.
6. 'l' *., = ftx\
dr
I.F. .. t:'
n", = le, f(x\ d,x + C
NowifO <x < 2then i-e* = yex =x +C
!e'e-'dx+C =
r'=0,y(0) =1,C=1
.' y?' =tr + 1 .".tii
r.. I . 1,i _. 11 -:
')
1 A1si. :) (A) is correct.
e('
, (,,' ._ (.r + 1)e-,
.1' -
oz'
Ans. (B) is correct
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362 GRp in (-1tgul11s
!Hint,s & Soiuttoris\
-1'ry1,!rn1
if t>2
]dx
.Iv,,' - [t,'
2
.ye-" = e'+C
y -*,;'J +Cc '
as l,'is continuous
..
Irrn-r + I lirrrrt, 2 t('e ')
,. ,.-: c, = .r ;;l
2
:Je"2 = i: +(.ler-t
=C =2
.'. for .t , 2
1,-=r,2 +Z,.lhencer(3) =,2<:
).r(,-,.,,: lfl, | +1)
.r" =. --'Z;
''
.i,'rljr = - ')*,
:.t Ans. =-) (D) is correct
'i
7. Given that l,t/" 1',at12, lr--t1-i'-t2rrt(Zl).
'rl.r i- ,{i' d.r
, /.r
.'. Ilqtration Of tang(rnt lrarring yiositivt: rir,p1;: ;t .1r -: !i . f.J
I' Ft l t
L tii. -1..',rl)ttlllllg' .t , '.tl.t '.til 1
I
iu
',11 , (- :
.ltztll
:;d +('-.1 -.-=-(,.r+C
I}
I
I r,
"-1
i *-(:l]
1- .--. (-" i -
-1,l= {, 'r
v ! 1 rt \.rtl r' !. \2
It*n'l
{l "lr*".]
9roVreR-{o}
dx
lir,r -1-t = 12
1l ,-:]
1+ g"'
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Dilf e y9 rt.t i al- Eq_u o t t o n s
363
Put !*2 = t
dt-'
x - = x2 + t + I
d:c
dt--! -t-t)
dx :'t x
I.F. = 1
.t
, . "
Hence.' = ,i,t lla.r=-x - j.f oC
r ttt
J2 =r'_ t,C =oas j'(1)=o
Now, y(r6) = .,'5 =+3 = t,3 - f = r,l = +
^"
I0 ---talr - Ans.
Alternatively : we have,'zxycly = (xz + lt rix + vtdx
r zt''4r --!'!! ir + la.. .t't I
*2
='
i .*rJ-' =dl jl= a, i 1, - .rl
I
r;-----_ '-l
.'.weget, l'-" =.,'-1*c'i
l-{ *- _i__,_-;
As. )'(11 =0=C=0
-y2 = 12 * 1
sin" r
As, ,(, = or)=, -+=-2+c =+c =4
I =(4sin3r - 2sinzr)
(A) ,[ 1]=4i\Zl
"1.6)
ll'- d\Z'1j'- 21- :1=o
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364 GRB l'i'oirle ms itt Calculus (Hints & Soialions)
:
2
t-
tDt | (4sln'.r'
J .--.- --
- 2si1 '.r)t/r- ()
-- -_ -. --- 4 lsrn- .i r/.i.= _ al ll l= ..::
t4)
r --
Odrl er, .1
Exercise4
lnteger Alrswer Type
_t
','t ..' ,,. rt.. t ll ,\
A.
I
2 :a.
&r+-b=-2 'l -U,
ii r t
\.i
'
.'. C)n solving ri r andIuI).wegt'l o= I it
1.b-.(l
Hence, C1 : xy = 4 and cq11'e Clz is.r r ,. .1,:1 .. 1,.
Shortest distance betu,een C, anrl (,,, ,. 2\ ! - 2 = .,ig _
Hence,(p2 - q1=G4 - 2-62
Ans.
.)
2. Given, l4l - 2.v = t
x nt ,,,' 4,\' -
a-l
-. !. Now dividing
by .y', we get
dx r1.r "r
.Y .l' .v
!yJ ,/-r
lv -z t
l:
--1
;l
...(i)
.'''
a--.a?
I.F. = ,' ]"t - gli, ' =,,i^t
So, general solution is given bv
., *:t'z
x-/ = 2rG+('.- -rn
.i- +C--+
':2
==
-r4
--- + c
6 d .v .) J-
II'.r=l,y=-6, -+C=0
.2 =,' , v - ---
-6 1." . /r,l', :: -6
.v ,'l
-r
.t' -r*,.
dt'' - ,A
Norv,
dr
.- 2-l.t II,,n..,.t{'I - 24 =s. Ans.
-t d't l, :i 3
:tx
s. Ifct dl + tk - t\ l'tt) ttt= t:, .[ -. 1
(!0
'. _r-
r,=10
,,"'/i1t)i. t) Ans.
4. l' -- r, :: ,r?! X-r r
/ r'--0
Now. ir, I'-rl
:
m=-l
dv
t i --1-
"ih i'
:
.v-
--:.t
'22 -
.r
Integrating +c
12+y!-2r.-C ...( rt
This is the equation of a circle u,ith cr.rrtr.e { 1. (}.r
- 15 = 0 is tangent at (i).
.'. 2x, + 3'l
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366 GRB Pr,,D/em1\ Cgly;ytr1s (I/r.1fs & !o1,1{lol ,'J
dr
Given,
11
----'l
- =f
OA OB
r*41:=r+vdl
dx 'dx
ly-bdy+(r-1)dx=O
Integrating, rve get(j!, - 1)' + (r -- 1.12 = C
(3, 3) lies t n this curve,
C=8
Hence curve is circle (r - 7)2 + (y * ltz = \2ii)2
Thedirectorcircleof(r-1)2 +(y - 1)e = rz{il2 is(x * 1t2 +ty -1)2 = 42
Radius = 4 Ans.
6. -v"1r'=
: 1
.f
t'v =-__
.v
zr-"''
Puttingr = 1, J = land y'(1) = 0
I
0=l+(1 -1
,+C= -i
,
(y')'=_1 _1
22y)2
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ttifill;ylytt,iui Equaiion: 36;
f'-l/''..
-t ^
, . -..\:-r-':. r'1./':r-+t..,; ,,1 .r'1 .\+/-
Putting"r' = l- r'ili ,,. I
't-=
-. 1-=:.- ..'1 1':l -t - 1 ., I '- l'2 .= r' - 2t' + I
'l .- 2,- -
:l
l, .t'
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ffi
*.-/ ,
1
Only One Correct Answer
i
I
using
Jsinr dr -ol
(l
/r sinA 1
=? ;- -COS.r -. I
a il,
l.JJ,,l.:,. ]
i
Hence, m<O
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Area Under Curue 3'39
l*-*'=^*
I
1-m
'-i" lx2+(m-1)r=0
lr* - r') - <rrona* =Z
lr, *r, =l_ m
0
3. Let An =
3{r
Jr - )c2)" dx
0
A, rt 1
-_l-----l
1 )
2ln+t n+2)
a =1
"n4 Ans.
n=l
01
3r + t))d.x =?U= e
Jttr' * 3r + 1) - (- 3D ctx + I(5 -
Area = (r 3 +
-1
lAl=4 Ans.
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,,, r,
Q_RB froa4gnts in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
l
5. A=4!.J;, d*=! Ans.
G. z=vr2+++r[y-l (y>4)
. r-;--*
lvr'r4+i",ly-41=vtQ
x2 + 4 + "y - 4 = 10
x2 + Y =1g
!=10- x2
But4S-v<10
\fi t- 0r\6
A=2 I[(10 -r2t- 4t dx =z]0, - {- | =wa Ans.
{, L 3-ln
'1.
Y=;r2 +L ...(i )
dv
-'
dx
= '2r,
11
mN=-Z*r=-l-+.t, =a
-15 =
)'r =1* -
44
Equation of normal
y-q4 =-1f*-11
\ 2i
.Yf.f=
I57
-+- .P(, r,y r )
214 =-
Puty--7 -xinrii -l
" 4
,.2+.r-!,=O=).y,r - 3. xz'i=-
-- 1 B
'=- i: +
J,,lt+ '
42 3lJ* 3/2
13 I I
-li z-8-%l-i-s-a*A) lt I g g 27\
1'l_f_18_27\_2 | 18 27
t,s B z4j | 8 z4r-8-%*T-bz= 20
=fq_1_ 28 32164
e-2+ = 24= TZ= i Ans.
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371
Area Under Curve
-'' we get
8. Solving ex = eo ,
gb =eo :+ .=Z
"itr'
al2
s-J= .e.-x - e* ) d.x --l- (e" 'e-x + r* )13/2
0
=t-*!-L;*z:+
6442
k=64
o2 -b2
lO, mp6=?=a-b
- a+o
equation of PQ
y .1,' (* -
- az =o'a+b o\
0r y-a2 =(a-b)@-a)
y=a2 +x(q,-D-a2 +ab
t=kt- b)x+qb
.:. s, = jt, - b)x + ab+xz dx
*b
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'-: ',
,JI:
_ _* eAP:ylky::LQg.lcatus (Hints & Sotuiions)
a a2 1i
Also, S,'2= 1 -b b2 li= 12 bb2 + o2b1=!abh+bl ...(ii)
o o 1i
s1
s2
-(o+b)3
6 __, _\ai?2=l[g
abh+b't lab sla *!i *21-i
. sll =
q
sri-,, e Ans.
11. y=ln2x_ 1
. 2lnx
.y -___0 +
x
r=1
x>1,y'land0<r<1,yisJ
lt
a=jJtr"2 x_t)dxl I
li" i
i -,"
= i, rn2 *!,"r" -, j"(rro) - d*-("-!'\!
\ e/l
=l1,,-I)-,
e)
l\
i
i"\ * l
) *a* (, i)l
I f "- lr ,ll".:)
=i- 2ir ln-rll7" _ Ia,
r
l4i 4
I L Il= l_ -
i" li ;
("- -t--t--
iel e
Ans.
2-(.x-Dif x22 2.
-.1
-a-l l-*,,... 3/2
l-
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Area Under Curue J ltf
Thus the set Ris halfthe area of the circle i.e., Yt =an.
2
Y=cx3
l,'cl)
15.
Itrl
160 I
orl=,*
I
ll!v a, -lJro"r, 1
20.
ln I I
lu I
f(x)=e'-l
1
1_
18. A =2llr,rF-f
rol-' -Q, -ulay
) "
-2 Ans.
19.
20. Ar = area under the curve and axes
I f' tll
= jtr- x2)dx=l--+l =: ...(i)
o 3ln 3 L
Now,y=7-x2 .'. !'=-2x
y'(a,1-o2)='2c-
Equation of tangent to the curve y = ! - x2
(y-(1-o2))=-2c-(r-o)
Zo;x+Y=a2+l
[1 * r.)'
A=!\3 /- 4
41aJB
*=
...(ii)
J3
Since, A=kAr(given)
From (i) and (ii), l= = n.?* k= Z Ans.
3Js 3 Js
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Area Under Curue 375
1234.s67
A. = (height) x (width) = l1 - -t. ,
Area of rth rectangle
ir r+l)I
sumofarea=Jirio. =liT[('-l).i] i).(l-li- -l ]-,r1,
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376
!@Problems in Calculus (Hints & Sol.utions)
=J*['-#)='
h n/2 )t
sln /
23. J n'l ^( :n sinaJ-\ ,r-r
-r/2"os,
d.x=s cosx dx;
!o "u"* @r ; sin
srn A
'? -
*i.,
l- Z i='lsin - *++l\-"
rll
.,--T-1..
Ans.
24. clearly, required area = Area of circle - Area of square = n
units)
- G[2)2 = n - 2(square
Ans.
f'(x)=2r +1
*f(x)=x,2+tc+c
Given 111) = 3 c=1
f(x)='x2+x+l
at x=0,y=1
ilT =l
.'.Normal y-l =-1(r-0)
r+Y=l
0
-l
Required area = -"1 -k2 x +t)'td, = -
ftf
-2
+
i (?-x + x2) dx
_2 x+y=l
z - '0
- tj-, = -L' -[r -
=
i" n :)]= f Ans.
At P, {-=3*o*
2
6
2a+l (0. 3
Now,area =jxBrr=9, 36 o I
2.,"^ Z %+l =.U+t=&(A=Bgiven)
Hence, a = l which lies in f!. !) .
\4 2)
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Area Under Curue ol I
(0. l) it -1
_I i
Pi+ 4)
(t
ia
[+ l.a ) x+y:l
+y:l
.'. Frorn above graph, option (B) is correct.
ttt ( ,-.,
r), *''l' . a -,1
28. S(o) =[[o'-a ---rcx =r e -.- | = L- -. -e
*\ a) \ '2o)o 2
r*
o+-
[.(g = rim
o ,--[
l!-.r"
, -l= --r
2
Ans.
)
Exercise-2
Linked Comprehension Type
IrlY- 2l=-2x2 +C
lY-2l=s-2t2+o -.n-zr,
Atr=0,!=2-)"=0
y-2=0=.y-fk)-2
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378 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
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'-l - ar
Area (Jnder Curue
c =? I4'.9
i\ t )
r, =i !l',,)
t\
1
a, ci !a,
1
c =[fd.t -c lnrli
0
c =! -c
36 =c --!
f(x\ =ln2 x -!6
f'@)=?!ttvr>t
x
2(1- lnx)
f"(x\=::-;-=0=+r=e
xt
j =, ].ldY)= !!
Put
y - y'\d* ) a*
4L + t d(r) - -1. [whichis alineardifferential equationwhose I.F. ='$(r)l
dx 0(r) 0(r)
f S(r)= - )c + c-- 0(x) = -r +c
v
Atr = 1;y = 1;+(D =0=ec =1
Hence, y(xl = i(!-
Y(2')=Jt'l
2-l =!=+
1
Now. o(') =, - t
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:,, GRB Problems in 9sjs, ! :t_: \!! :tf &_
| o
I
y t iyt 11 s)
(
,1,.
t' I s{l
2
Hence
r-- ar=l [,r - ,, -.--.-,---]------ irt
', I -Yt*t
x2
/" *[0txt1 1 | ,2rjrt'*(x - ltz J
!''
I
t l y(rt I
=
zi
[],* -
it
1,--L:lo.=ilGiLIl,.
*'lz*' - t, *rl il ;_,
f.tr x ;1-
*2)
|
Put2-
i - ;=,, =(J - \\,a* =t at
,'5 nt'
i'-4L=io,=tB-,
urttr2 Ans.
(iii) . d{r)
g(x)= -.r-1
-
.Y(r)
Hence, lg(r) lis continuous but not differentiable on R =+ tD).
, Paragraph for Question Nos. g to ll
(i) We have
.'.Discriminant > 0
=s6ff 1-*')'-
L\ 2)
ztoz -l -
-otfro=(g^-r)'ro
tz -) 1 a€R-{2} ...(i)
-ol,r-&l
2)
Arso,sumofroots.o
=i .o*T_1<0 =o.? ...(ii )
a)
arrd productofroots rO
[email protected] >0= a(a-1)>0=oe(--,0)u(!-y ...(iii)
6
.'. From (i) n (ii) n (iii), we get o e (- *, 0).
(ii) We have
8(x)= fJ'()
\- z)*'\*("'-'\
6 =*'*(t-ql, z )
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Area Under Curue :-
, .2
Asdiscriminantofg(r) =[-i - r) >0V oe R - l2l.
\a
)x
,. 3\
hm IIPt-xt-2r31 -
___ taxa bxs + cxz -dx+e-%c
I =_ ti ==r lrm
,'of -) =-f)
I
**
I
.ol
J ' *4
So,e=O,d=0,c=0,
b + 2 =0ando = - 6
=P(x) = -6rn - ?o3
(i) P(1)=-6(1)a -?L)3 =-8 Ans.
(iilP(r)-6xa - ?tc:t = - 2x3 (3r + U
=
P'(x\=*24x3 -6x2 =-6x2 (4x +1)
-l 0
4
Sign of P'(x) (iraPh o1' Y = P(.r) =- -6.14 2,r'l
So, P(r) has maxima but no minima. Ans.
00
(iii) Area = f{*) a* =
t lC A*n - 2-x3) dx
-u3 -u3
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382 GRB Problem.s in Calculus (Hints & Solutio,ns)
f(0)=0+B=0
f(x) = Axe*
f '(x) = A(x + l)e'
f'Q)=l->A=1
fG) = xe', f' (x) = (x + l) e*
f'G\=0-+x=-1
f" (x) = (x + 2)e' , f'(-l) = e-l > 0
/(r) has minimum at x = - 1.
\2) f(-x) -)- as x )e
The range is ll'(- 1). f(-)) = [- 1.- ]
le )
Exercise-3
More Than One Correct Answers
1. Area (7) =
t't '"3
22= -
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Area Under Cun:e
3c
Area(,8) ="-,J - l*'d* )=\
'o c,c2 )
=c_d="'
236
,.
llln
Area(?)
= u* 4.-1 =g
c -,0" Area(.E)
--_- c -O' 2 c'
l)
o x
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384 GRB A'oalems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
l'Y=o*'
dvl
= Zaxo = nL
dtlr
=i
Hence, line is
t=(Zaxolx-b ...(i)
.'. (xo, orfr) lies on parabola and the line (i)
axfi=Uxfr-b
b = axi,HenceQ = (0, - b) = (0, - ax.i)
xn, ax92)
Now using (TQ12 = 1
xf; + 4a2x[ =1
I0
o*' _ **'_ + br l'" YJ *{^t *
Now, A = [{ox2 - trnc + b) d.x = oo
OZ ru32
= - o*o
0
2
11 1 1
--t2l*o*=l'-'--=-
A-1 A-r, 11 = 12 Ans.
Z 2 86 144' L2A
2. y' = 4x;16y2 = 5(r - 1)3
Solving,64x = 5(r - 1)3 =(r - 5)(5r2 + 10n + 1)
r=5andy=2nE
[;-, 5- I
Hence, A=zl[zJi a* - l'}t"r -D3t2 hcl
L" i16 l
Which on evaluating gives.
, LO4J5
A=--
15
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Area Under Curue 3E5
L =104;M = 5;N = 15
L+M+N=t24 An&
3. Y=a-bx2
Whenx=\y=l
l=a-4b=a=1+4b
o=r'il-bxz)a*={*
O L
+]: =rl* i#)
JU
v=o =+ =::E:rt ot
-z(dY-l'-rlql*
\dx) \dx) " dx 4
But no solution exist, as it does not pass through ( 1, 1).
Now, taking negative sign,
Hence,fr=4 Ans.
3n ):
.€
2
L
u2 2
7. An =-f *'d* +A, =
'0 -+* =+2'A, = oh
2nA. 1
n 2(n + l)n
14)] "
Required area = +[s - sl x
= A 2
-(i)-' ='u Ans.
A-* = 2[k-xe')d'x
'0
Asy(1) =L+c=-2
= f(x)
!JC= * * ? - z= f(x) = x2 -?o + 2=(x - l) 2 +1
tc
:1x - l)r+ 1
r3
Required area =
i,,,
- t)2 + t)dx= (i* - 1'' I
,/o
+ (r)3
(s ,el ! u-u
=(9*1)*r=B+B=6 Ans.
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Area Under Curue 3Ee
4n
A = 2x - zin.! = =4.r,
33
lA) = 4 Ans.
15. y (L - yz)dx - *(y' + L)dy
+x(yz -1)=0 =) x=0, /=t1
fa:x=g (y-axis)
h:!=l
fz:!=-l c(2, -l)
AreaofMBC =!x2x2=2
2
Ans.
f(x) = x4- 2x2+ 4
16. Let degree ofP(r)be z.
2n + (n_ B) = B(n _ 2) +(n _ 1)
3n-3= 4n-7
' n=4
Also, /eD= f'(o)= f'(l) =l
' f'(x)=ft(x + 1)(r -0)(r -1)
Solving, we get f(x) = xa -?.xz + 4
1 1!g=p
Area = t-t*n - ?-x2 + 4)d.x = lru
q
, _1
Hence, (p - q) = 91 Ans.
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GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
17.
'
We have-
l*', " t-[o'*l - ['
'--' |
flr) =
2) '
e(x) =
,
T
,=Lo,r]
_-1
'
-,r'; ..e,^)' "'-' |
- r); . .(,;,")
[r,, [r,
.'. Required area = ,fir. - *z)rt* **fo, - x)dx )
\o l
I
= {"'-{-tl -n'-n'*? =
\2483j1243
ri.n3 +bnz +c (Given)
so, o=i,,u==i,r=3
Hence, 2 1+3+8
1
rial+ lal+ rcp=
l*1.l+i. |;l= *.i a
312L2
L2 _l
18.
t t+tu + (4x3 - f(x))f@) - 4*6)d* = !7
0
1
f(x) = ?tc}
2
Area= !U\d.x =A Ans.
1
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PRACTICE TEST PAPER.I
FOR JEE MAIN
r.t2 { 3cosr 't. $tz sin* dx = 6-Jo
ftz
cosx d'c
1. Letl=l ) ^.t!tl ---- ldx+l
-J
l*.irrr* l"- r/2 1*rirr2, 1+sinzx
];dfu; ".idffi;;
So, Put sint -'I
i cosxdx = di
" ,*,.
, = ), -d' ,, = 6(tan 'tli=lo
=61[ ol=sr=!!
\+ t 2 4
h=6 Ans.
r -l
3'f(w)=x
Now proceed
[*; if rS0
4. g(r) = 1*"; if r e [0' il
lo
Irt if x>1
No*,tiqi411IlltsQ = g'(1)whichisnon-existent Ans'
Ans'
5. f@)=2
6. Continuous atr =0andr = 1
:+ O=3andb=-l
. l'
'r = J-l ""o"' iL*
Ocos(2-x) + e"o"'
Using king and add
ZI=[trdx=4
t_q
I_A
Ans.
7.
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392 GRB proOterns in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
8. Differentiable w.r.t. r
tf'kfl=f'(x)+Y-,-
Put
vf '(;= i,, + v -L
yf'(y)=y+3
f'(Y)=f+9
v
Integrating
g(y)=y+3lny+C
Also, /(1) = 1
C=0
f@ = Slnr +r
f@) o*
Jt x = JfSln* fd.x =9hr,* + x +c
d* +,t*- Ans.
x -- 2---
0.
^(r '2 \
-f
[[ro, ;) Z)o,
,0. =',
f (r*' -t)'o* =o
x
f(x) =
2
f(2) = 1 Ans.
'-'- ll. Putr = cos2e
f(x)= 20+ sin-l(sin2O) = 20 + n-20 = n
,'(i)= o
l' cost2dt
= hmlg--
x-+o 1.1.?g
cosr 2 -1 1
=|1m-=-
x+022
L-r =2 Ans.
=
13. Givencurvesarers +kxy2 =-2andk'y-!3 =2
+ky2)
Now, "u, --(3x22kxy
and Y'=)c':bY;
- y'
As rmrxm2 = -L
(&x2+ky')- ?-ry r
A-..-...-- --1
%xy x, - y,
=+ 3x2 +kyz +kx2 -ky2 =o
+ (3+ k)x2 = O
Hence, k = -3
So, absolute value of& equals 3. Ans.
1.4. we have, f t$ +2). et f',(ildt
.
f3(r) =
) 3f 2@)f '(x) = (x2 + ?tc)e' fz(x)
But fk)*0vre-B
So, f '(*) =l@' 3
* zr\r.
= f(x) ={r'
3
+C
As, f(0) = 0
=+ C =o,so f(r) =+
Hence,
tlffo. | e'd.x = = o- 1= -1 Ans.
+ o 1-
15. Using the limit y'Y22
cgsY
-1
-oo *l I
oo
23
Sign scheme of f '(x)
+ Least positive integer isq k = 2
[' hr
17. Wehaver + J0 41 =!'3' 6e R*)
_2
= x +(tlnt -flf;"3= !-
= lnx=L(Asxe.E*)
3
Now
lnr_1
xB
Graph of /(rl = l!{
'r*
Hence. f(r) = i- has two solutions. Ans.
3
18. lim(tanr)u' = lim(tan h)uh = 0
r -+0 h--->0
and lim(1" +
r+0
sinr)' = (1+ 0)o = 1
lim((tanr)u' +(1+ sinr)") =0+1=1 Ans.
r--.>0
*2tt''
J = l; (zsinJ* + Ji cosJi)dx
*ztt 1 yn2l4
l^ ' (2sinJr +Jr cosJr) dx =l ?tcsin.6
= ;u-)O
t
I
fit, xf'rx\
o
= L=2 Ans.
J
Since, C1 and C2 touches each other
+
lnr -,
JC
-=)OC-
=) lnr = l-r 3
...(i)
, 1- lnr
ancl - 2:)$
lC'
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Practice Test Paper-l 395
1-),-r3 =2)ac3
=) 3).r3 = 1 Y: trx'
,-,u3 : lnx
, =[1]
\3)./
=(B],)-u3
11
'
From (i),
33r - t.
-1ln(31"t
ln(3i) = -1
^1
ll=
'v
-
v3 13
fl*)-i,, =Q-u(f =1)=0 Ans.
.1la
g'(41
22. =---=-=-
f',1)13b
So,o=1andb=LS f(l):4
Hence,(o+b)=14 Ans.
1
23. f'k)=j+ncos(rcr)+C
x
f'(2)=1*n*C=1*,
22
+C=0
f(x) = lnlrl+ sin(nr) +C'
f(L) = C' =O
f(x) = lnlrl+ sin(nr) Ans.
24. I = fo' coss r (sin(6 x + x)) d.x
a=B;m=\b=4
alm=b Ans.
26. We have /(r) =(n" -' \*, *(o - 3)x2 + x + 5
t3 )
+ f '(x) = (4a -7)x2 + 2(a - B)r +1
Now, for f(x)to be monotonic
f'(x)>0VreE
or f'(x)<0Vre,R
Disc. <0
=
+ -3)2 -(4a - z) < o
(a
=) a2 -1Oo+ 16 < 0
= (a-2)(a-8)s0
= a e [2,91
Also, 4a -7 * 0
=) o*!4
So, aelZ8f-{I}
14)
Hence, number of integral values of a equals 7. Ans.
27. Ir= f {.orar + lcosrl) dr
I, = 2fo'' cos4 r + lcosrl dr
J xing
I, = Zff''(sina r + lsinrl)dr - zlz- !I2 = z Ans.
28. Given, f "tx1= 6(r - 1)
So, f'(x)=3(x-l)2 +c
Also at the point (2, 1) the tangent to graph is y = 3r
- 5
So, slope oftangent = 3
f '(2) =3
=9 3+c=3
+ c=0
f '(x) = 3(r - 1)2
Now, f(x) = (r - 1)3 +,t
As (2, 1) lies on it,
So, 1=1+&
+ h=0
Hence, f(x)=(r-1)3
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Practice Test Paper-l 39;
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PRACTICE TEST PAPEB.z
FOR JEE MAIN
"'"' t7-tan2YtvY
.ln (1+r
l'^'
)
d'Y
l. l=1;r1{L
.r+0 "it{.*
x
Using L'Hospital's rule
1
/,,. [1-tan2(ln(1+xl)1rn'irii
- lrm_ (1- )
r+0 (1 + r)
- lim
1 tan2(ln(1+r))
, r+O ln (1+r )
=g
.. l.m (2ln (1+x )i .2
- trm
r+o 2ln (1+-r )
=e
tanO .)
=e -r( *r,o
luslnglm- =ll Ans.
\ a )
2. We have 4xe't = y + 5sin2 r ...(i)
Put r = 0, in equation (i), lr'e get, =0
(0, 0) lies on the curve
Now on differentiaiing equation (i) w.r.t..r, we get
4e" + 4xer, [ *
dt *r] 1osinx cosr
\ dx ") = dx
"
+
= J'(0) = 4 Ans.
a([' at I
_
;t.
\J,-
..-..'...'-_ / =Y= d(y-r)
-L----aa
dy dy
:) 1-d* =*
dy
1 _dv
t_ i - a*
-s-
= lil=Jat
- Y=-ln(l-x)+C Ans.
4. .'. sin-l {x2 + x + 1) + cos-1(rs + 1) : I
2
If x2+x+1=l-r+1
*' *(l- )Jr :0
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- 'i:
Practice Test Paper-2
= r=0orr=1"-1
sin-l(r2 +n + 1)rryill exists if-1 < *2 + *+ 1<1
+ *2 +* <o
= -1<r <0
For exactly two solution
-1"<)"-1<0
= 0<1"<1
o=0andb=1 Ans.
5. Using King
sin* + cosr
I = J-irnl4
lu",n
I tr\
,,
-t r- i
1+el 4t
/ r\
r\nl4
I=l )_kt4
(cosr + sinr) l'-, J,
/ ni
lx- I
1+e\ 4t
u = f;|,,r^(cosr + sinr) dr
1 5tl4
= (sinr - .o.r)
I _*rn
(-r 1) (-r 1)
\,fz Jr) \J, jr)
=l--.+-l-l..+ - |
2I=0=.I=0 Ans.
6. I = lim cot-1 (cot(r - 1))
fr
x)
2
l-m=--\ Ans.
2
I
=(1-x)(ce-' +1)<0Vr<0 =
c1-e* Vr<0
so,c€(--,-il + Leastvalue ofcz =l Ans.
8. Y-y=7n(X-x)
forX-intercePtY=0
X=x-!*m,
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.100 GRB noOtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Hence x-L=y
m
Of
dvy
---:- ----=--=
dr-.-y
xdy-ydy=ydx
= -ydy = ydx -xdy
-ydy _ydx-xdy
y2 y2
.( r\
-dy- -dt-l
= y [y,,
Hence -lny=x qg
v
At X=1,!=l=C=l
Hence !=e.e-t/Y
ex/v
" =- e
v
yet/Y = e Ans.
Aliter:
dx (-t)
_+l_lr
dv - -1 (linear differential equation)
Iy,l
9. f'(x)=3x2 +a
f '(a1 = goz +a
and f'(b)=3b2 +a
fu2 +a=Jbz +a
a2 -b2 =o
(a-b)(a+b)=0
Since a-b*0
a+b =O
Now f(1)=1*a*b=L Ans.
10. limr" = 4 let I = x** hence as.r -+ O, x, ) l
r --;0
L=(O)'-1=-1
11. P is (2, 4). Ans.
12. g(x)+g.(5050-x)=c
Put x =0
1+100=c
c=101
I = !6050
g(x) d.* (Use King and add)
27 =
Jo'uoto ld.x =101. 8050
r=101xb0b0
2
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Practice Test Paper-2
101
h_
2
13.
M, JL1Ty' = 2sin-1x
(L- x211y'12 = 4(sin-1 x)2 = 4Y
(l- x2)2y'y" -(y')22x = 4y'
(l- tc2)2y" - %y' - 4
(l- xz)y" - x!' = 2 Ans.
15. Solve Cl andC 2
= y2 +2Y -8=0
1Y+4)(l-2)=O
= !=2
+ *=2r_2
2x+2yyr=l
!' =-x| = -11= ftl!
!t
2,x = 2yr
Y'=2=m2
lol
tano=l " l=3
11- 2l
0 = tan-1 3 Ans.
16. T,
11111 =-'-
Jn ."1, Jr'n lr z n "lr I n
"-
'l; -
Hencesum=
:2#"= I: # = rlJi). = Ans.
(0,0)
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I -r: GRB Problems in Calculus (H-ints & Solutions)
Area=
Ju
rr*3 +Br + 1) -r-B))dr *fi rs-(r3 +Br + 1)) a* =2 Ans.
2
l!,, .ir,,in*
lg. 1= Jo sinSr - sinr
[^/2
sinx +
*^
a* +' Jo d*
+
I=Ir+12 "os, "oa,
Now King and add in 1,
21,
'2=!
Ir-n
'4
, _ 1n/2 2(cos2r\ sinr
11_l^----:--aX ,
,u slnr + cos.n
rl2
e
= 2)o sinr(cost
- sinx)dx
= !0"'' sin?.x dx - ,lr"'' sin2 x d.x
. -rl2
L=-!cos2,
'2 I -2.Tr=r-I
4-2
Jo
I=Ir+1,=7-fr+ft Ans.
24
20.
21. Put x2 -l=t
, =;!: tan-'t dt 1
ftur,'ttl'-S'-J-.atl
2 L lo Jo L+t, I
I=!-1.1k,r,= ! ln2
8 22 8 Ans.
22. f '(*) *! ffil = !
x
I.F. = r
x'f(x) = x +C
f(G)=2=C=1
fQ) =y+]
x Ans.
23. '.'/(0) = 1
The point where curve crosses y-axis is (0, 1)
Slope of tangent = f '(O) = (fODZ + E 6
=
.'. Equation of tangent is :
y _t= 6(r _0)
= 6x-y+1=0 Ans.
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Practice Test Paper-2
.rirr?I.... ,rrrl)''i
24. LeLp = tim
n +-\{,.irll
2n 2n 2)
InP = hl
2
= p=12 Ans.
__n
qL
25.
dt = "''=rd!
2"lt' dt
=g-2.t
At 6=l,thenx=e,y=3,
d* .4 =t
dt =n2dt
Hence, the slope of the tangent Iine is ?, h".r." equation of tangent line is
e
o
y = 1x +l Ans.
e
26. Givenrimit=ltffi
' ['-. )
put * = I- h,we get
2
1-coshcos1hcosShcos7h (o^ \
Givenlimit=rir
o-lo o, [o'o'*)
=1ttnB2+52+72)=1tr*g +25+49)=42 Ans.
2' 2'
27. I = J_n
[* (1+cos.r +cos2x+...+cos(2013r))(1+sinx+sin2r+...+sin(2013x))dx
Using King and add
ln 2(!* cosr + cos}x +...+
2I = J_n cos(2013x))dx
Therefore,
f cot-I (1 -r + x2) dx= tturr-' r - tan-l(r zfi tan-l x dx
f -L))d.x =
Hence I*':::-::l:
__-L""-'
. tu
-2 Ans.
2i+r - llur
= h-f (1- form)
r.+o( 7,+t )
,,, r zr-1 -r-;.-rl ]
,.- [ zr' -z-r. )
).-o IlI' l,+1 I r ,ol ).()"+l)
=e
I
=e
.. (ztz^-tt
liml:-. "-r;,\
=r'-o[ ^ J=
"21n2-7
r"l.a]
-e"1"] - !
e
Ans.
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PRACTICE TEST PAPER-3
FOR JEE MAIN
1. Given curves touch each other at (1, 0)
p + q+l=O ".(i t
and r-1=0
r=1 ...(ii)
=
.. (r - 1)3 -lT*a =o Ans"
3. fQ+ r) = f(2- x)
f '(2+ v) = -f '(2- x)
Put
=0,
tc f '(2) =o
x=*L f'(7)=-/'(3)=0
* =-j, ,'l!r)= -r'(Z)=o
= f '(rt = f 'e) = f ',:,) = t'(i)
''l;)=Q
Using Rolle's theorem in y = f '(x)
Minimum number of roots of f "(x) = 0 are 4. Ans'
4. I=(-''
Jo ="""'*
(./3 + tanx)u"d.*,
Put J3 + tanx = t
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406 GRB Probtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
0 l/e2
Graph
f(x) = h
For one distinct solution
ranse of &is (f , *)'ror
.'. least integral value of ftis {0} Ans.
Let 9, cr, cr be the roots
r
cr3 = -216 ...(i)
Again
o-2 +a.2r+a2
r =b
o'(t*.* l) = b '.'(ii)
\ r.)
= o=-!a
+ '=-4
o3
...(iv)
From (i) and (iv),
/, \,
fql
(."J =2t6
b
= a
=a
7. 1= lna
A=e
dY
B. = cosh
dx
_t?
= cosh=th
...(i)
Alsosinh=h ...(ii)
. t2
L=!-+tzz
h.2
11
^ - * +1
k2 hz
1-A=r
y2 *'
= I=1 Ans.
9. Differentiating both sides
f(x) = 1- xf(x) '
1
'f(x) = x+l
1_
f(x)
--r+l
r = ll <w + t)d.x =
llo a" * f u* * ll u* = t+ 2= B Ans.
1O. a=!
6
, = rfr'u IIII .Fecr - tanr d.x = z(x secrl[/6-J]'u ,"., d*J
(* q* q*
I = 2l !.4o -111.JBl\ = ''L - 2h.,/B = -'! - hB Ans.
[6 Js ) sJs 3J3
11.
,r. l: (hxz - *3)d* = rffu k2 - kxs)dx
13. D = -:O = -:f
'4"2'4 =-
p+r Ans.
q
14. Lettan-rx=t
t2-4t+3>o
(t -3)(t - 1) > O
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-l _r: GRB proUtems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
DIJ (cosrr)u'
lB. L= Ii-DNt = -11r, li
x--+O !i6 r-+0
n
let y=fl(cosrr)v'
r=2
n /< \
+ lny = )[1h(cosrr) ]
,f\r )
!o! =-itar,(.r)
ydx 3
-Dy = ti tan(rx)
r=2
nn
r=2 r=2
n
l' ) tan(rx)
.'. ,L = lim
r-+0
r=2
=
)t,
* B + 4 + ... + nt =
;l*P - rf= "' *{ - z
nz + n-2
Ans.
4
17. Equation of tangent line AB
y -G = -4(x -0)
or 4x+y=6 ...(i)
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Practice Test Paper-l
Line tangent is 4r + y = 6
o
c:
solvingwithy =;L
(r-1) Y: x-l
(6-4x)(x-L)=c2
A(-1,0)
4x2 -10r +6 +c2 =o
D=0
100-4x4(6+
"2)=o
25-24- 4c2=0
4c2 =!
"1
c'=- Ans.
4
18. f(x)=-r+1
19.
20. f(2) < f(2-) ='i.< a2 -9a -9
1 o2 -9o - 1o 2 o =(a - 1o)(o + 1) > o
- a e (--, - 1l u[10, -) Ans.
But a is positive, hence o e [10, -)
2t. 2
I
=23?'33
22. f'(*) = -Ax2 + Zpx +g >0 V, . (+,,
_9
S.R.+?=t-!
33 =i=r=-tand
P.R..+-9=j=
33 Q=5
;. (p+q)=4 Ang
We have f(x) = @ + 2) xs - Sonz + 9at - !
f '(x) =3(a+2)x2 -6ox +9a=3[(o + 2)x2 -?nx +llra-'l
Nowf'(r)<0VreR
<L?n,(a+2) =az <k'2 +6a
=(r<-2anddiscriminant<0 *4a2
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+10 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
'2 = ! +C
lnf(o)
f(a) = gn"t:z
f(x) = Ce'lz
/(0)=C =+C=2
f(x) = 2e*/2
. Hence k=Zn=7
2
k^
p Ans.
27. f'(*)=2rc-+
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Practice Test Paper-B +11
f '(2) = n-x,=o
) a= 16+o, = 16
Also, f "(*) = 2*4
f"(l)=2+2n=O
:+ Cl, = -]-= A2 = -1
Hence (gr1""\ rs Ans.
\ 3-J=T=t
[1-r,tt re(0, 1)
lt- ( z-(
A = rvz-t[- !-,))a, * Jl
ffrr' ( r-('-1))a,
[r )) t \ x))
o = !'*-,(r*. -*)*. !['.'(r.*-.)0.
A=Ar+Az
A,
' =zx*4-rrrl'
2 -.lrz-r=9-(ra-2+s-2J'-r'tJZ-u)
2\ 2 )
.q, =
Z-
2J, * , -'- ;J' + h(J2 - 1)
A. = 2x - *' *rrrrlt'*'
'2.1,
Az = 2{2 * z } * ?Jz
+h(J2. D -
;
Ay + A, = 5 - 3+ In(J2 + 1) + ln(J2 - 1)
A=2 Ans.
f(x)=frtl-t,at
,(*)= !)"$-t'at
,(i). f" hi at
= lr",h4 at +
f,Jt7 dt +
!u"
,{1-12 6 = !' Jt} at
Put f = sinO
= f'' od.o = ! Ans.
"or,
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4L2 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
Put X=-J5
%t
4a2 =fuz +3
o=JB
* = [s'' Jr-V at
Put / = sin0
* = f;cos2 e do =
if;rr+ cos 2o) do
= 1[e * -1.irze]""
2( 2 )^ra
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PRACTICE TEST PAPER-4
FOR JEE ADVANCED
t. xf2(x)-f@)=x-1
x(f2(x)-1;=(f(x)-1)
x(f(x) - 1)(f(r).' 1) = (f(r) - 1)
Either f@) = 1
f(x) = |
Hence, h(x) =
ldx = x + c
hQ) - h(2) = 1= tan-l(tanl) Ans'
2. Domain is [0, 1]
Onlyr = l satisfy the equation
*-{r(l*o)} = n-(n-[n])=3 Ans.
I \2 ))
3. f(x2y) = rzf(y) + yf(x2) v x, y > o
Differentiate w.r.t. r keeping y constant
?.xyf '(xz y) = f Q) . 2x + y .2xf '(x2)
yf '(x2 y) = f(y) + yf '(x2)
Put x =l
yf'(y) = f(9+yf'(1) = f(y)+ y ...(i)
Now again differentiate w.r.t. y
Yf "\Y) + f 'Q) = f '(Y) +1
f"{y) ='
v
=
Aliter:
,,,(i)=,
Equation (i) is a linear differential equation
f'(Y)=M ''t
v
f(x) *'
f'(x) = tc
1
.
d 7t'ttrx)-:f(x)=l
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414 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
I.F. = 1
x
!=ln*+c;f(l)=6
x,
c=0
l=f@)=rln.r Ans.
4. Domain: [0, 1]
.'. Compute only R.H.L.
t\
1l ,-,3/2 l-cos-lx2 n
x sin-7 x2 _n x3l2 _M
e _e2 A e 2 2 -l
Iim = -j lim
TJU T' Tl x+O+
-x4
,
4r,- sin-r *' -T2*di
" +ll-'
-
= --
lrm
fi x+O+ Jc
= -!(-:\
r\2 ) = z Ans.
e"--I - t
1i* f(r) - = 1im
L
Also. r+0 I r+0 X
li-'*
= x+O
-1= 1+(D)
)C
y: I
x
0
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418 GRB Problems in Calculus (Hints & Solutions\
Ik)=-3(a3+a2-a*7)
I'(a) = -3(fu2 + 2n - L) = -3(3o2 + 30 - q, -l) = -3@ + 1)(3o - 1)
ISI=3 Ans.
Now, LiGlxl = 1
*2 1
_=_
nl,rl z
Let f0)=\,*.0
e'(k : x2 l
f '(x) =
e-*
_ (?tc - xz) _ x(2 - x)
e' e'
.'. Number of solution of the equation (i) is 4. Ans.
f +-U i x<l
t^ v
r=l(r-1)"+2 ; tL31
I 19-3r ; (&-)
Tangentat x=2
y-B=Bk-2)
&-Y=3
l+8i
r 1.,
a=rl1 o
I
il
'l19 o ol
13 i
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12r
,a-T:;
^_64-p
=7 Ans'
P-19q=64-57
_". ,,*,
1g. f(x) - l'r - sinr]
I 5 I
enu. 4t'i = irrz --6r; -- ct = Slope of tangent line u'hich i's' sqnal to -5
r1r,.-,
=3-6 *a=-5 = a=2 * b=l
Hence,(o+b)=3 Ans.
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PRACTICE TEST PAPER-s
FOR JEE ADVANCED
1. Let sin -'1=e
./3
1
srnU - _
./3
'0i
CI,=sln-j
3
Hence,
' \ 3) --3 - 4sins
-----39 = Bc, - 4crB
,irrf e.9) = r.trr9
Ba_4cr3_sine=f
Also, 0=
"o"l"o.-l
\
1=
3l
J5- "ir-' J5)
= cos(tan-l 2-tan-r 2) = cos(O") = 1
p'
=
1-
:---l; =o Ans.
(3o - 4u3)2 rtl 1 )'
t'r5l
z. Jl@*
x+5
Put r+5=sec0
=+ dx = sec9tan0dO
I :H, sec0tan0de =
J {.".' 0- Dde = tan0 - 0 +C
= J;\ to; + 24- sec-l(r + 0 +c
= cosec-r (r + E) ,, .f *z a 1gx + Za a g Ans.
3. sin-r (sin2p) + cos-1 (cos?q1=4
and cos-1(cos2g) -n
= sin2P = 1
+ zp = Znn+Z
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{ ,-r
Practice Test Paper-\ ;,)
+ '.)
IL
=) P=nP+-4
n5n
D=-.-
= ' 4'4
and cos?,q = -1
h = (2m +l)n
+ o '2=(2m+l\!
n3n
= 'z'.2
O=-.-
= 2[*"
\I2 -z Ans.
Equation of chord :
!'- J' (* - *r)
! - tr = r2- xt
Putr =0
(lt-lr\
J=)'r-l--*-lrr
\t I e '
\42-x. I
y, -{ lz - Y,
ll2-rr ))* , = ?- r*,- [Given]
Hence,
Zxr+lL =ygraY'L
xr x2
Hence, +!
=constant = C
?^r
x
Curve passes through(1, * 1)
2-L=C =C =l
2x2+y-x
!=x-'Zxz * f(x)=x-Zx2
r - ,, t1l2
e. Now, !f,' ,* * zr2)a* =l* -ry-
12
|
3.ln = 1- -1- =
812 24
1
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Practice Test Paper-5 425
f '(r) = l- 4x
1
i0. Also, >0
=r <
i
11. P(r)= f(x)+x=?x-Zr2
.'. Rolle's Theorem is applicable in [0, 1]
Tangent toC, : Y * y = nx(X -r) aty-axis; X =0
Y=!-1116=f(x)-xf'\x)
Given, f(x) - xf '(x) = g(r) - xg'G)
f(.x') - 8(r) = xslf 'k) - g'(x))
:3-._-=_l f 'k) - g'(x) 1
fk) - s@) .x
Integrate ln(f '(x') - g'(x)) = lnr + C
f(x)-g(x)=Crx ...(i)
Again normal to Cl : Y - ! =:1rX - r) at x-axis; Y = 0
m
lc+mry=x+f'(x)f(x)
x + f@)f'(x) = r + e|)g'(x) [given]
Integrate
f'(*)-gz(x)=c, ...(ii)
(i) and (ii) + (f(xt + g(tc\\= :2 ...(iii)
'- Cfi
(i)+ (iii) =) 2f (xl =C,* * C'
Ctx
(iii)-(i) = 2sk)=9r-C,*
"C$
No*, /(t) *92
= L=+2 = C,,C1
andg(2)=3+6
- =!+-rr,
2L,
iCr, = -2and Cz = -8
fk) = -* *2xxx
2-
= - *andg(r) = ?* *
12,
r lll.),.
ti (|..1*
l:A l rr,,* *r?1'
L 2i,
/_tt
(2In2 -l ; )
-r, ln16 - 3
(21n2+ , - tr16 .3
[i)
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126 GRB Problems in. Calculus (Hints & Solutions)
R1 = (-o, *)
14. Graph of g(r)
v
2
y---+x
x
dy.2
dx - x2'I
15. f(x)=sinr+afr+b
f'(x)=cos,+o
f"(*)=-sinr
(i) Increasingifa>1,
If b < 0, then f(0) < 0
Root is negative.
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Practice Test Paper-1
fi- !1"'!"(4:?2
ln*
- "hrtk2+25t = k2 + 25
"x+t+
Now, t:% = 2sin2 cr +3cosp+ 5(& > o)
h
h.T= 2sin2 a +3cosP+ 5
f l-.sinz"f*t'
= fa)=l; z ),
sinrtf
= f(tl --
t ++, te[,, 1l
\.zl
fltt=lz-zt
t-#4,,.[],.,)
Now, in (0, j]fo, is a decreasing function.
ffrl = I and hq/(r) = 1
,$l
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428 GRB Probl.ems in Calculus (Hints & Solutians\
r'[0,
f,)rn'"
=+ (B) and (D).
18. f(x)and h(x) are discontinuous at r = 0, gk) and &(r) are constant f,unction therefore
differentiable atr = 0
19. A = lim f(x) = /(1-) = 3
r+0-
B= lim f(xl= f(-1-)=0
r +0"
h is decreasing in I-2,21
md /(-r) = ld,x)
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