INTRODUCTION

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a. DESIGN PROBLEM

Social interaction has been a paramount need for the people of today. Social
gatherings are as important as sleeping for most people. In these, people can develop
their social interactivity and boost their social confidence to gain belongingness and
develop friendship in the process. The problem is that there is no sufficient area for
these gatherings. Sufficient in a way that the place they gather doesn’t accommodate
the quantity of people attending a gathering, People tend to gather in small gymnasiums
which couldn’t accommodate everyone who attends. The designs of these gymnasiums
are only designed to sports viewers and don’t provide the proper spaces required for
such gatherings. The challenge for the designers is to design a Convention / Sports
Center which focuses on the needs of the sports viewers and people who gather these
gatherings or ‘conventions’.

Additional challenge that Convention / Sports Centers face is fire protection. This
problem arises from the size and height of the building and the changeable occupancies
or events that it holds. The center could be used for sports events one day and political
party the next. The large open space presents a problem because of the lack of fire
divisions which requires a substantial sprinkler system to extinguish the fire that could
potentially penetrate the tall ceiling height of 15 meters more or less. The support areas
such as: restaurant/kitchen, HVAC equipment, maintenance shops, loading docks,
boiler rooms, electrical equipment rooms and storage rooms, must be properly
protected and cut off from the convention floors.

With that, the design of the building should accommodate thousands of

spectators to keep up with requirements of today and the future generation seeing to it
that it is protected from hazards to could potentially endanger the lives of the spectators.

a. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In the early human civilizations, village chiefs call upon a gathering of his people
for a certain agenda or purpose. They realized the need for social gatherings hence
they build amphitheatres, gathering halls, and even the infamous Colloseum of Rome,
even in the early times they already recognized the need to build large halls for
gatherings.

The City of Cauayan for the past years has envisioned a new and bigger
convention and sports facilities. However, due to the lack of resources, the dream has
stayed unreachable. This is why the local government has been contented of the FL DY
Memorial Coliseum. The current government of Cauayan, however, is determined to

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make into reality the said dream hence, the City Planning and Development Office was
tasked to develop a publicly owned and operated facility.

Somewhat in the decade of 1970’s, the FL DY memorial Coliseum once held a

PBA match. After that, no activity as significant as the PBA match has been held though
few regional indoor sports competitions were held. Outdoor games are held in the
Cauayab Sports Complex which is located in the Cauayan National High School
Grounds. When the local government realized how sports events increased the tourism
activity and contributed to the economic development of the City, the Cauayan Athletic
and Sports Association was strengthened.

Conventions are held in hotels that offer convention facilities in the area. With the
large space of FL DY Coliseum, exhibits and trade fairs are held in the facility. However,
due to the lack of support facilities and space, events such as musical concerts,
convention events, and large sports events couldn’t be catered.

b. HISTORY OF SPORTS FACILITIES IN THE NEW ERA

Thinking behind the design and construction of sports facilities in the new era
goes back to the beginning of the nineteenth century. These thought at first strongly
were influenced by the sport in the UK and then gymnastic movement in Germany and
the Scandinavian countries and finally developing the sport of swimming in the whole of
Europe as a way to avoid tinking the poeple and a way to health were effective issues in
the field (Nikbakht, 2014).
Facility planning principles were foundedat the beginning of the twentieth century.
A large part of these principles were presented in the years 1920 to 1940, and after
World War II. Europe-wide exchange of information began in 1957. This later led to take
shape the World Association of recreation and sports facilities in 1965. With the
exception of a few sports that are done in the green areas outside the cities (eg
navigation) and (mountain biking) other sports generally need special infrastructure
development.
It is necessary to satisfy the requirements of sports facilities that a network of
scientific information is provided in the fields of education related to sport of medicine,
psychology, sociology, biomechanics, accident prevention, architecture, design and
landscaping, engineering, testing of materials, economy and ecology (Jahromi, 2011).

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 c. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The project is centered in developing a convention and sports center and tend to
answer the following questions:

1. What architectural style is applicable in the physical appearance of the

buildings?
2. What design solutions are applied to curate the challenges that the
development is facing?
3. What design trends are adopted for the development?

d. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To design and develop a convention or sports center in Cauayan City, Isabela.

Specifically:

a) To design buildings in accordance with High-Tech Architecture that is a

form of Contemporary Architecture.
b) To use Sustainable materials to prevent a negative impact on the
environment, provide enough spaces and facilities, and with the guide of
technology, to use sufficient sprinkler systems.
c) To incorporate technology as a design trend in the design of the
development.

e. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1. Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre

The Centre is one of the most technologically-

advanced venues in Malaysia and continues to invest
in information technology (IT) and audio-visual (AV)
upgrades in order to maintain a competitive advantage
and increase its capabilities to meet the rapidly
changing needs of business events clients.
The center is inclined to technology as they
provide sufficient WiFi connectivity and uses
(shameless plug) concept3D’s atlas3D interactive map
and virtual tour platform that shows digital maps of the

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 center and its surroundings to provide services even before entering the
building.

2. Marikina Sports Center

The main stadium of the Marikina Sports Center

consists of an athletics track, a 64 meters (210 ft) wide
natural grass pitch, and two grandstands; the West and
East Stands. The grandstands have a total seating
capacity of 15,000 people. Between the West Stand and
the athletics track are basketball and tennis courts. The
West Stand is situated along Shoe Avenue. Prior to
hosting its first Philippines Football League match, the
football pitch hosted a bicycle track.
It also hosts an Olympic-size swimming pool inside a aquatics
center which can accommodate 2,000 spectators, a sports building, and
an indoor gymnasium with 7,000 seats.
The MSC hosts facilities for football, tennis, basketball, swimming,
and martial arts. Its athletics tracks is open to the public in most nights for
a small fee which is used for maintenance expenses of the sports center.

3. International Convention Center, Baneshwor

 Capacity: 1004 Seats main Conference hall, 250 seats medium sized
assembly hall, Four smaller meeting rooms suitable for 100 and 50
delegates, 480 sq. m. Multifunction hall. Exhibition hall with 308 sq. m.
floor area.

 Selection Criteria

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- Similar function
- Spatial relationship & Design approach Study
- Auditorium and conference halls design

 Surrounding context: The complex is located in commercial area. It is

close to the international airport on the east and is nearer to the Everest
hotel on the west. Its location is prime importance being in center of city.

 Access and parking: ICC premises can be accessed through three

gates. The main gate is in the south and is controlled automatically. The
two gates in the west side, one for the use of logistic personnel and
transportation vehicle in and out and the other is mainly for the use of
business complex of the ICC i.e. provision of separate pedestrian and
vehicular entry from the western road as well. The parking area is
designated on both the left and right side of the convention building. The
area is big enough to accommodate 400 cars.

 Functional analysis: The entrance hall in ICC is very grand and

fascinating to the visitors. It is 30m wide, 18m long and 10m high. It
contains various halls as following:
- Sagarmatha Hall - 1004 main conference hall
- Nuptse Hall - 250 seats medium sized assembly hall
Four smaller meeting rooms respectively suitable for 100 and 50
delegates
- Lohtse - 480 sq. m multifunction hall
- Kailash - grand exhibition hall named with 308 sq. m floor area.
The axis is well defined. The main entrance to building lies on the
same axis as that of southern entrance.
The main building mainly comprises of three parts:
o Entrance hall and auditorium in the middle
o Medium sized hall, meeting rooms and VIP chamber on the east
o Multipurpose hall on the west.

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 It is double height grand entrance foyers which also serve as an
exhibition space during several functions and also act as spill out area for the
auditorium. The ICC entrance hall leads to the auditorium, from its right goes
to the medium sized hall and small meeting hall whereas its left side lays the
multifunctional hall. There are two grand staircases on the entrance foyer that
leads to the gallery.

The lounge and hosting halls for VIP are at the back of the conference
section, connected with the large and small conference halls and stage
respectively, having their own entrance, exit and car park.

 Nuptse, Gauri, Shankar, Koshi And Gandaki

The medium sized hall (Nuptse) is specialized in medium sized
conference with 250 fixed seats of table and chair designed to suit more
intimate conference or seminars. ICC has two 100 seated halls (Gauri and
Shankar) and two 50 seated halls (Koshi and Gandaki). The floor area
being 190 sq. m and 105 sq .m respectively. Both rooms can be separated
in half by movable partitions. All these rooms are installed with movable
tables and chairs.

Exhibition hall
 On the second floor is the exhibition hall with an area of 308 sq.m.
where different kind of exhibition can be held.

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  The hall is facilitated with sufficient day lighting with the large
windows n all the three sides and the height of the hall is about 14’
 The exhibition hall is large enough and is not obstructed by the
columns during exhibition or other trade shows
 Also the gallery space which is 4m wide and the entrance foyer on
the ground floor is used during exhibition
 The office area on the first floor lies in the eastern wing. The central
foyer of the office area is open to the sky with pergolas on the top
which gives enough light and this space also act as interaction space

Circulation
Main entrance lies on the southern part and the main entrance of the
building lies on the same axis.
 Circulation corridor: 6m
 Service corridor: 2m separate service entrance from the west leading
to the pantry area of the multi-function hall
 Service staircase each 1m wide is provided separately for the
auditorium and multifunctional hall.

Space Analysis

The analysis of different space is as follows:

Construction and Technology

The roof of the auditorium, medium sized hall, the multi-purpose hall
and the communal are constructed with steel truss structure bolted
together by the method of ball- type junctions. The foundation of the main
building and the affiliated works of BICC consist of 1065 reinforced
concrete piles built in place and 762 aggregate driven piles.

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 Architectural expression Style
 Blend of traditional style and modern style. Traditional style roofing laid
in perfect symmetry with black colored glass. Form and proportion
 The form of the building is symmetric along the axis of entry
 Rectangular form, huge massing, courtyard planning and use of
symmetry
 Use of vertical stripes on the façade, for creating the effect of
verticality, since building height is less compared to the length.
 Design of gates and the other smaller building resembles to the
architecture of the main building.

Elements of visual communication

 Symmetrical elevation
 A huge fountain of 24m diameter on the front act as a focal point at the
entrance

4. Redlynch Central Sports Centre

 Project data:

Location: Redlynch, Cairns, QLD Australia

Year Completed: 2010

 Overview

The Redlynch Sports Stadium is a purpose built, four court

multipurpose centre that includes a 40m x 20m international standard court. It
caters to futsal competitions as well as other sports (netball, volleyball and
badminton). The facility has approximately 3000m2 of open floor plan, 10m
high ceilings and specialised rubber sports flooring system (9mm ply).

The client commissioned the architect to prepare a design proposal

that would satisfy both the client's accommodation requirements and the
Cairns Regional Council’s concerns for better urban design. Three design
proposals were submitted for appraisal: a metal roof, a fabric roof and a
hybrid design utilising metal and fabric. The design proposal most suited to
achieve the aims of the project was unanimously agreed to be the hybrid
design.

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 Planning And Management

Surmounted design difficulties included the need for economical

construction of a sporting stadium, gym and leisure facility that achieves a
flexible use of floor space with no internal columns in a cyclone area. Also, the
facility was to provide for high volume usage and low running costs.

There was a requirement to separate activities from a nearby

adjoining four lane road and the car park was to be heavily used by parents
dropping off children and has a turnaround lane eliminating three point
turns. The facility adjoined a drainage swale that could also be used in
conjunction with activities for outdoor usage or a warm up area.

 Design

The Aramax steel roof profile was an integral component of the

design solution, promoting minimal structural members, clear spans up to
12.75 metres, 4.5 metre cantilevered overhangs and minimal pitch. The
Aramax roof was suspended under the structural beams to maintain the simple
unobstructed surface as a ceiling. The sheets were rolled as single length
sheets and installed to pitch from the central high point. Electrical services
were installed along the underside of the central axis, maintaining the clean
lines of the underside of the sheeting.

In contrast, and complementary to the fixed metal roof, membrane

sails were designed to skirt the perimeter of the roof, providing additional
weather protection, offering light and air flow throughout the building and
promoting a more human scale to the very large space under the Aramax roof.
Together the two materials enhance each other’s innate design qualities and
appearance offering a simple yet textured appearance to the surrounding
areas.

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 Internally the roof and sails accommodate four futsal courts (indoor
soccer) and spectator areas. The metal roof hovers some 10 metres above the
courts, providing a space suitable for most indoor community sports and
games. Each of the four courts has an area of 30 metres by 16metres with
additional area for team reserves and spectators.

The supplementary spaces – including team change rooms,

reception, shop, toilets and storage – are immediately adjacent the courts and
complemented with a commercial gymnasium. They are also situated on the
western side of the building effectively shielding the courts from the hot
western sun. The orientation of the building on the site maximises natural
ventilation. As the perimeter to the courts is open wire mesh fencing and
fabrics there are no obstacles to the prevailing south easterly dry season
breezes and wet season northern breezes naturally ventilating the courts.

As the metal roof is set 10 metres high it allows opportunity for any
heat gain though the roof to be dissipated and this is assisted by the sail
structures at this high level.

The outer perimeters of the court are lined with fencing and secured
fabrics that promote natural light and breezes into the courts and permits
playing during rain events as the rain is diffused by the fabric.

 Materials

The main frame of the structure including the roof is steel which is
fully recyclable. The roof is highly reflective steel sheeting effective at repelling
the hot tropical sun. The sail shades are custom designed to work successfully
with high water volumes.

 Energy

The smaller supplementary spaces and activities including team

change rooms, reception, shop, toilets and storage and commercial
gymnasium are situated to the west and shield the larger court area from the
hot afternoon sun. Some of these smaller spaces are air-conditioned
efficiently.

The design takes advantage of the tropical climate of Cairns and the
main 3000m² court area is naturally ventilated. The main sports courts is open
to the east, north and south outer perimeter and is lined with ground to ceiling

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 secured wire mesh fencing that promotes breezes and natural light into the
court area. The fencing on the eastern perimeter is lined with a black fabric
that reduces light and heat from the eastern sun although still allows breezes.

The energy saving design negates the need for air-conditioning for
most of the space under roof, and this is a major cost for most indoor sports
centres that has been saved. The optimum use of natural light has reduced the
need for artificial lighting during the day also saving energy.

f. DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Convention Center - is a large building that is designed to hold

a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share
common interests. Convention centers typically offer sufficient floor area
to accommodate several thousand attendees. Very large venues, suitable
for major trade shows, are sometimes known as exhibition centres.
Convention centers typically have at least one auditorium and may also
contain bon concert halls, lecture halls, meeting rooms, and conference
rooms.

2. Sports Center – a building where you can play different sports.

3. Convention and Sports Center – a development that caters both athletic

and convention events.

4. Trade and Industry Exhibition Center - A development or building

designed to accommodate commercial advertisement exposition for public
view.

5. Contemporary Architecture - is the architecture of the 21st century. No

single style is dominant; contemporary architects are working in a dozen
different styles, from postmodernism and high-tech architecture to highly
conceptual and expressive styles, resembling sculpture on an enormous
scale.

6. High-Tech Architecture - also known as Structural Expressionism, is a

type of Late Modern architectural style that emerged in the 1970s,
incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building
design. High-tech architecture appeared as revamped modernism, an
extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological
advances.

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7. Structural Expressionism - Structural Expressionist buildings reveal their
structure on the outside as well as the inside, but with visual emphasis
placed on the internal steel and/or concrete skeletal structure as opposed
to exterior concrete walls.

8. Technology - knowledge of techniques, processes, and the like, or

it can be embedded in machines to allow for operation without detailed
knowledge of their workings.

9. Sustainability - seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact

of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy,
and development space and the ecosystem at large.

10. Convention - a large formal meeting of people who do a particular job or

have a similar interest, or a large meeting for a political party

11. Cauayan City - the locality of the study, located in the province of Isabela,
Philippines.

12. End users - the beneficiaries of the proposed development, the various
organization on the locality and the attendees of their organized events.

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BODY
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1. Understanding Convention and Sports Centers

A convention center is a large building that is designed to hold a

convention where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common
interests. A convention center is designed, in most cases, for the purpose of
conducting meetings, rallies, or seminars. It may also be adapted for specific
events, such as appearances by well-known speakers or musicians. In some
areas, meetings or other events take place in centers or buildings not specifically
designed for conventions, but large enough to accommodate attendees.
While a Sports Center is also a large building that hosts different athletic
events to serve for the local, national, and also international sports events.

2. Types of Conventions

 Trade Conventions – It typically lays focus on a particular industry or

industry segment, and feature keynote speakers, vendor displays, and
other information and activities of interest to the event organizers and
attendee.

 Professional Conventions – They focus on issues of concern to the

profession and advancements in the profession. Such conventions are
generally organized by societies dedicated to promotion of the topic of
interest.

 Fan Conventions – They usually feature displays, shows, and sales

based on pop culture and guest celebrities.

 Seminars – They are meetings organized to inform a group of people

about a specific topic, or to teach a specific skill.

 Social Events – A large gathering organized to celebrate major life events

and religious ceremonies. Common social events include: anniversaries,
weddings and birthdays.

 Trade shows / Exhibitions – They are an opportunity for companies to

exhibit some of their latest product, as well as yet to be released
prototypes to journalists as well as others in the industry.

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3. Types of Indoor Sports Activities

 Badminton - a game played on

a rectangular court by two players or two pairs of players equipped with lig
ht rackets used to volley a shuttlecock over a high net that divides the cour
t in half.

 Basketball - a game played between two teams of five players in which

goals are scored by throwing a ball through a netted hoop fixed above
each end of the court.

 Volleyball - a game for two teams, usually of six players, in which a large
ball is hit by hand over a high net, the aim being to score points by making
the ball reach the ground on the opponent's side of the court.

 Table Tennis - an indoor game based on tennis, played with small

paddles and a ball bounced on a table divided by a net.

 Fitness Classes - is a type of group physical training program conducted

by gyms, personal trainers, and former military personnel. These programs
are designed to build strength and fitness through a variety of types
of exercise.

 Cardiovascular Training - Cardiovascular training, or aerobic training, is

a type of exercise that increases the endurance of skeletal muscles by
making the distribution of oxygen by the heart more efficient.

 Weight Training - is a common type of strength training for developing

the strength and size of skeletal muscles. It utilizes the force of gravity in
the form of weighted bars, dumbbells or weight stacks in order to oppose
the force generated by muscle through concentric or eccentric contraction.

 Martial Arts - various sports or skills, mainly of Japanese origin, that

originated as forms of self-defense or attack, such as judo, karate, and
kendo.

 Dance Sports - is the activity that combines sport and dance, and that
allows the participants to improve physical fitness and mental well-being,
to form social relationships and to obtain results in competition at all levels.

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4. Design Considerations

 Access and Entrance:

- Separate access is required for visitors, staff, goods and service
vehicles and emergency requirements. It is usually desirable to
provide alternative entry for public which is independent from that
used by conference visitors. This not only facilitates management
and security, but also enables two or congress events or exhibitions
to be run independently in parallel.
- Easily identifiable entrance and exit, and clear external signage,
which may need to be illuminated.
- Sufficient unloading/loading space to accommodate multiple events.
- Level ground floor with loading docks of sufficient size for all
services including client vehicles.
- Large coach drops off and collection points adjacent to main
entrance, with sufficient turning space and height, accessible under
cover.
- Doors of sufficient width and height or demountable/retractable
walls to permit truck access (trucks delivering exhibit and staging
equipment pose particular problems).
- Floor loadings to permit truck access.
- Easily identifiable and weather protected entrance and reception
area for attendees.
- Clearly identified disabled access.
- In larger venues, security systems and monitoring at loading docks.
- Separate entry for venue staff.

 Access for the Disabled:

- Specific provisions include allocation of parking spaces,
identification of routes, provision of ramps, toilets and facilities
designed for wheelchair and other disabled users in each main
area.

 Parking:
- Coach parking bays off street.
- Sufficient undercover parking for attendees.
- All parking, including venue staff parking, should be secure.
- Direct access to venue lobby.
- Clear directions for exiting car park.

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 - Parking requirements for cars and other vehicles will depend on
some extent on the proximity and conditions for use of alternative
facilities, such as municipal car parks, as well as on the availability
of public transport.

 Service Vehicles:
- Plenty of space for parking while unloading/loading goods and
equipment with a dedicated car park for vehicles delivering goods or
equipment.
- Parking for trucks with sufficient height and turning space where
staging, audio visual or other equipment needs to be packed in or
out within short period of time.
- Long-term parking for trucks used for transporting production
equipment and exhibitors’ displays.

 Circulation:
- Linear arrangement of spaces with beginning, middle and end.
- A loop where the essentially linear storyline leads naturally back to
the beginning.
- An arrangement of core and satellites where each theme or detailed
treatment of a subject leads back to a central introductory or
orientational areas.
- A more complex scheme combining linear, loop and core-satellite
arrangement of spaces.
- Comb which refers to a circulation pattern in which there is a main
circulation path and optional alcoves which a visitor may enter or
bypass.

5. Construction Technology

 Modular grids/Structural grids: Structural grids are kept as large as

practicable. For light-weight roofs with internal heights of 12 meter to 15
meter or more, as required for large sports centers, column spacing of 30
meter across the together with perimeter wall columns at 15 meter centres
are often adopted. The trusses spanning the bays are usually N- or V-
braced, box sections serving also as walkways to give access to overhead
services. In larger halls space frames are also used. Smaller halls are
based on a 10 to 15-meter structural grid. The location of columns has a
considerable influence on booth layout and hence on circulation planning
and utility service grids.

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 Wall Construction: The lower areas of walls should be resistant to
scarping and in vulnerable places, like external corner, corridors and
entrances to goods doors or services elevators, extra protection by covers
or fenders is required. Other requirements are concerned with
combustibility and-where fire division is involved –the period of fire
resistance. It is also important to consider alternative uses to which the hall
may be put. For meeting a sound diffusive surface will invariably be
necessary to echoes and air resonance from cross reflections.

 Ceilings: As a rule, the ceilings of convention or sports halls are left open
for economy and to allow access to ceiling mounted equipment. In the
case of a hall providing a clear height of 5m (16ft) or more, the view of the
roof structure and associated engineering equipment is above 35 degrees
from eye level over most of the floor and the visual intrusion will be
minimal. If necessary, this can be further camouflaged by:

- Mounting lighting battens and other terminal equipment in the

same horizontal plane so that the spaces above are screened.
- Selecting luminaries which provide a controlled distribution of
light below this place.
- Having a uniform matt dark (black, gray, brown) color of high
chrome in the ceiling void
- For halls of lower height, a formed ceiling construction is usually
desirable, particularly if hall is to serve for other purposes. The
ceiling must be paneled to allow access to the equipment above
and to satisfy other criteria:
- Easy access, without damaging the panels.
- Easy-to-clean, permanent surfaces for wiping off hand marks.
- Robust to withstand handling.
- Incombustible or very low rate of surface flame speed (class 0
to 1).
- Modular with luminaries, air diffusers, loudspeakers, sprinkler
systems etc.
- Sound absorbency, depending upon the multiple use of hall.
- Aesthetic acceptability for the use as a banquet hall or congress
hall.

 Roof Construction: Convention/Sports Centers are usually clear wide

span structures. So in case of roof construction it makes some

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complication with its large spanning property. So the construction
technology for the roof is selected according to the requirement of the
building. There are different technologies by which one can build the
structure. In country like Nepal, concrete technology is widely used for the
different type of structures. It gives flexibility of the shape but giving some
restriction to the spanning size. There are other technology using steel and
glass. This technology gives the flexibility to the design as well as span.
Today the world is using this technology in a very wide range for
constructing building like conference centers, exhibition centers,
auditorium, concert halls, etc.

LONG-SPAN STRUCTURE

A question can always be aroused that “how long is long span for
buildings?” The answer to this question is that the structure with span
larger than 20m is called a long span structure. This type of span is unable
to be achieved by ordinary RCC structure. Long span or complicated
structures can be constructed used different construction technologies.
There are different types of structure which should be constructed using
the appropriate methods. They are mentioned as below:

i. Flexible and non-rigid elements: These types of structures

can be constructed using three different methods. They can be
constructed in the form of arches, cables and tents. The height
of arch in this case can rise with the span of the structure, while
the tents are high tensioned structures and are made from
special textile. These can cover up to 100m span.

ii. Flexible but Rigid Elements: These types of structures can be

constructed using three different methods. They can be
constructed in the form of shell, plates and domes. Shells
structures can be made if the ratio of the thickness to the span
is 2.4” to 100”. It can be constructed using RC, plastic, glass,
metal, ply etc.

iii. Rigid, Solid and Linear Elements: These types of structures

can be constructed using three different methods. They can be
constructed in the form of beam frame and slab.

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 iv. Trusses: Truss is very much in use these days. Different kinds
of trusses are used to cover different types of structure and of
different spans. The large span buildings can be constructed
using flat, curved or space truss.

Analysis of Long Span Structure

Long span roof is today widely applied for sport, social, industrial,
ecological and other activities. The experience collected in last decades
identified structural typologies as space structures, cable structures,
membrane structures and new - under tension - efficient materials which
combination deals with lightweight structural systems, as the state of art on
long span structural design.

Long span structures are today widely applied mainly for sport
buildings as:

- Stadia
- Sport halls
- Olympic swimming pools
- Ice tracks and skating rinks
- Indoor athletics

Space structures

- Single layer grids

- Double and multi-layer grids
- Single and double curvature space frame

Cable structures

- cable stayed roofs

- suspended roofs
- cable trusses
- single and multilayer nets

Membrane structures
- pre-stressed anticlastic membranes
- pneumatic membranes Convertible roofs
- overlapping sliding system
- pivoted system

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6. Laws

a) Republic act no. 6847 (Philippine Sports Commission Act)

- Use of Sports Facilities: The dormitories shall be for the exclusive

use of the national athletes and coaches. They shall be the priority
over the use of the sports facilities.
- Public Use of the Sports Facilities: The public may use the
sports facilities for their sports development programs, provided,
the Commission shall collect fees and charges, which are not
contrary to law.

b) P. D. 1096 (National Building Code of the Philippines and It’s Implementing Rules
and Regulations)
 General Classification of Use/Character of Occupancy of
Building/Structure
- Division I (Assembly occupant load of 1000 or more)
 Zoning Classification
- CUL (Cultural) – a community to national level of cultural use or
occupancy, characterized mainly as a low rise or medium rise building/
structure for cultural activities
- PRE (Park Structures Recreation and Entertainment) – a range of
recreational uses or occupancies, characterized mainly as a low rise or
medium rise building/structure for low to medium intensity recreational
entertainment functions related to educational uses.
 Minimum Required Parking Slot, Parking Area, and Loading Space
Requirements
- one car slot and 1 jeepney/shuttle slot for every 50 sq.
meters of spectator area; and one bus parking slot for
every 2 hundred spectators

SECTION 5.01.01 – General

- Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code on easement on light and view,
and to provisions of this Title, every building shall be so constructed,
arranged, and equipped as to provide adequate light and ventilation.
- All building erected shall face a street or public alley or private street which
has been officially approved.

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 SECTION 5.01.02 – Measurement of Site Occupancy
- The measurement of site occupancy or lot occupancy shall be taken at the
ground level and shall be exclusive of courts, yards, and light wells.
- Courtyards and light wells shall be measured clear of any projections from
the walls enclosing such wells or yards with the exception of roof leaders,
wall copings, sills, or steel fire escapes, not exceeding 1.20 meters (4 feet)
in width.
SECTION 5.01.05 – Ceiling Heights
- Habitable rooms, bathrooms, toilet rooms, storage rooms, and utility rooms
shall have a ceiling height of not less than 2.40 meters (8 feet), measured
from the floor to the ceiling: Provided, That for buildings of more than one
story, the minimum ceiling height of the first story shall be 2.70 meters (9
feet) and 2.40 meters (8 feet) for the second story, and succeeding stories.
Garages shall have an unobstructed headroom clearance of not less than
2.10 meters (7 feet) above the finished floor.
SECTION 5.01.06 – Minimum Size of Rooms and Their Least Dimensions
The minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall
be as follows: 6:00 square (65 square feet) with at least nominal
dimension of 2.00 meters (6 feet 7 inches) for rooms for human habitation;
3.00 square meters (32 square feet) with a least horizontal dimension of
1.50 meters (5 feet) for kitchens; and 1.20 square
- meters (12 square feet) with a least horizontal dimension of 0.90
meter (3 feet) for bathrooms.
SECTION 5.01.08 – Window Openings
- Every room intended for any use, not otherwise provided with air-
conditioning or mechanical ventilation system as herein provided in this
Code, shall be provided with a window or windows whose total area of
openings shall be at least 1/10th the floor area of the room, and such shall
open directly to a court, yard, public way or alley, or water course.
SECTION 1207. Stairs, Exits, and Occupant loads
 Aisles
A. Width – aisles shall not be less than 800 mm wide if serving only
one side, and 1 m if serving both sides. Such minimum width shall be
measured at the point farthest from exit, cross aisles, or foyer and shall be
increased by 30mm for every meter length towards the exit, cross aisles or
foyer

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 B. Cross Aisles – Aisles shall terminate in a cross aisle, foyer, and
exit. The width of the cross aisle shall not be less than the sum of the
required widest aisle plus 50% of the total required width of the remaining
aisles leading thereto.
C. Vomitories – Vomitories connecting the foyer or main exit with the
cross aisles shall have a total width not less than the sum of the required
width of the widest aisles leading thereto plus 50% of the total required
width of the remaining aisles nleading thereto.

 Exits
- Every storey or portion thereof having an occupant load of less than one
thousand (1000) = not less than 12 exits
- Width of exit door shall not be less than the total occupant load served
divided by one hundred sixty five (165) = not less than 2.5m
- Width of ramps used as an exit = 1.1 m
 Doors
- Double acting door provided with a view panel = 1.3m
- Threshold height = .13m
- Width and Height = Not less than .90 meters width and not less than 2.00
meters in height
- Exit door on habitable room = Not less than .90 meters
- Exit doors on assembly room = Not less than 1.70 meters
- Exit door requires in each provided rows where the number of seats
between aisle may be increased to thirty (30) = 1 door:5 rows
- Exitway = Not less than .70 meters
 Stairways
- Width, occupant load of more than fifty (50) = not less than 1.1m
- Rise and Run = Not more than .20 meters rise and not less than .25
meters
- Size of thread for an entrance or exit step = Not less than .30 meters
- Height of a handrail above the stair thread = Not more than .90 meters
nor less than .80 meters
- Landings = Not more than 1.20 meters width
- Distance Between Landings = Not more than 3.60 meters vertical
distance
- Headroom = Not less than 2.00 meters
- Number of steps for an entrance or exit stair = Not less than 2 steps
- Handrails height above thread/ramp = .76 meters to .865 meters
 Seats
- Spacing of rows of seats from back-to-back = Not less than .84 meters

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 - Spacing of rows of unoccupied seats shall provide a clear width
measured horizontally = .45 meters for rows of 18 seats or less and .50
meters for rows of 35 seats or less
- Width = Not less than .45 meters
- Spacing of rows of seats measured from back-to-back = .75 meters for
seats with backrest and .85 meters for chair seating
- Space between the back seat and the front seat behind = Not less than
.30 meters
- Width of any seat in a row = Not less than .45 meters nor more than .48
meters
- Spacing of seats with backrests measured from back-to-back = .75
meters
- Number of seats between the wall and aisle = Not more than 7 seats/row
- Number of seats between the aisle = Not more than 14 seats/row
 Ramps
- Width = Not less than 1.10 meters
- Entrance or Exit = Not more than 1:10
- Slope of exit passageway = Not more than 1:8

 On Building
- Window or an opening for a room without artificial ventilation = 10% of
floor area
- Window of water closet or urinal = 25% of floor area
- Dimension of rooms for human habitation = Not less than 2.00 meters
- Area of rooms for human habitation = Not less than 6.00 square meters
- Area of a toilet = Not less than 1.20 square meters
- Air space for a habitable room = 14.00 cum/person
- Area per occupant on a hotel / dorm = 18.60 square meters
- Area per occupant on a conference room = 1.40 square meters
- Area per occupant on a kitchen (commercial) = 18.60 square meters
 On Site
- Open space requirement for a corner lot = 10 % of lot area
- Width of planting strip for sidewalks = .80 meters
- In width, vacant space left between the building and lot lines = Setback
Parking space for assembly = 1 car:50 square meters of spectators area
1 bus:200 spectators
- Parking space for hotel/dorm = 1 car:7 rooms 2 bus:hotel
 For PWD
- Turn circle of a wheelchair = 1.50 meters

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 - Distance of parking slot from the facility being served = Not more than
60.00 meters
- Dropped curb = Not less than .90 meters
- Height of signs on walls and doors = Not less than 1.40 meters nor more
than 1.60 meters
- Dimension of accessible water closet stall = Not less than 1.70 x 1.80
meters
- Width of parking slot = Not less than 3.70 meters

c) B. P. 344 [Implementing Rules And Regulations As Amended Of Batas Pambansa

(Accessibility Law)]

 Dropped Curbs

- minimum width of 0.90m

- gradient of ramp not more than 1:12m
- Slope towards the road with a maximum cross gradient of 1:20 to prevent
water from collecting at the walkway.

 Curb Cut-Outs

- The minimum width of a curb cut-out should be 0.90 M.

- Curb cut-outs should have a gradient not more than 1:12.

 Walkways

- Whenever and wherever possible, walkways should have a gradient no more

than 1:20 or 5%.
- Walkways should have a maximum cross gradient of 1:100.
- Walkways should have a minimum width of 1.20 meters.
- When occurring along walkways, grating openings should have a maximum
dimension of 13 mm x 13 mm and shall not project more than 6.5 mm above
the level of the walkway.
- Walkways should have a continuing surface without abrupt pitches in angle
or interruptions by cracks or breaks creating edges above 6.50 mm.
- In lengthy or busy walkways should have a minimum dimension of 1.50 m
and should be spaced at a maximum distance of 12:00 m between stops.
- Walkway headroom should not be less than 2.0 m.

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 Handrails

- Handrails shall be installed at 0.90 m and 0.70 m above steps or ramps.

Handrails for protection at great heights may be installed at 1.0 m to 1.06 m.
- A 0.30 m long extension of the handrail should be provided at the start and
end of ramps and stairs.
- Handrails that require full grip should have a dimension of 30 mm to 50 mm.
- Handrails attached to walls should have a clearance no less than 50 mm
from the wall. Handrails on ledges should have a clearance not less than 40
mm.

 Open Spaces

- grass area defines edge of walkway

- planters define back of walkway

 Parking Areas

- accessible parking slots should have a minimum width of 3.70m

- walkway for accessible spaces of 1.20m clear width shall be provided
between the font ends of parked areas

 Entrances

- Entrance with vestibules shall be provided a level area with at least a 1.80m
depth and 1.50m width.

 Ramps
- Ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20 m;
- The maximum gradient shall be 1:12;
- The length of a ramp should not exceed 6:00 m. if the gradient is 1:12; longer
ramps whose gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with landings not less than
1.50 m.;
- A level area not less than 1.80 m. should be provided at the top and bottom
of any ramp;
- Handrails will be provided on both sides of the ramp at 0.70 m. and 0.90 m.
from the ramp level;
- Ramps shall be equipped with curbs on both sides with a minimum height of
0.10 m.;

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 - Any ramp with a rise greater than 0.20 m. and leads down towards an area
where vehicular traffic is possible, should have a railing across the full width
of its lower end, not less than 1.80 meters from the foot of the ramp;

 Doors

- All doors shall have a minimum clear width of 0.80 m;

- Doors should be operable by a pressure or force not more than 4.0 kg; the
closing device pressure an interior door shall not exceed 1 kg.;
- A minimum clear level space of 1.50 m x 1.50 m shall be provided before and
extending beyond a door;
EXCEPTION: where a door shall open onto but not into a corridor, the
required clear, level space on the corridor side of the door may be a minimum
of 1.20 m. corridor width;
- Doorknobs and other hardware should be located between 0.82 m. and 1.06
m. above the floor; 0.90 is preferred;
- Vertical pull handles, centered at 1.06 m. above the floor, are preferred to
horizontal pull bars for swing doors or doors with locking devices;
- Doors along major circulation routes should be provided with kick plates
made of durable materials at a height of 0.30 m. to 0.40 m;

 Corridors

- Corridors shall have minimum clear width of 1.20 m.;

- Recesses or turnabout spaces should be provided for wheelchairs to turn
around or to enable another wheelchair to pass; these spaces shall have a
minimum area of 1.50 m x 1.50 m. and shall be spaced at a maximum of
12.00 m.;
- Turnabout spaces should also be provided at or within 3.50 m. of every dead
end;

 Washrooms & Toilets

- accessible water closet stalls shall have a minimum area of 1.70m x 1.80m
- a turning space shall be provided with a minimum area of 2.25 sq. m with a
minimum dimension of 1.50m
- maximum height of water closet – 0.45m
- maximum flush control – 1.20m
- maximum height for lavatories – 0.80m

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  Seating Capacity

- Footprint for a single wheelchair seating space (front or rear entry) = Not less
than .90 x 1.20 meters
- For total seating capacity of 7,500 - 8000 for other Assembly = 56 seating
accommodation

d) IRR of BP 344 (The National Council for the Welfare of Disabled Persons The
National Council for the Welfare of Disabled Persons)

 RULE II – MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR ACCESSIBILITY

1. Design Criteria:
- 1.1 CATEGORIES OF DISABLED PERSONS.
- The categories of disability dictate the varied measures to be adopted in order
to create an accessible environment for the handicapped. Disabled persons
under these Rules may be classified into those who have:
1.1.2 Impairments requiring confinement to wheelchairs; or
1.1.2 Impairments causing difficulty or insecurity in walking or climbing
stairs or requiring the use of braces, crutches or other artificial supports; or
impairments caused by amputation, arthritis, spastic conditions or pulmonary,
cardiac or other ills rendering individuals semi-ambulatory; or
1.1.3 Total or partial impairments of hearing or sight causing insecurity or
like hood of exposure to danger in public places; or
1.1.4 Impairments due to conditions of aging and in coordination;
1.1.5 Mental impairments whether acquired or congenital in nature.

1.2 ANTHROPOMETRICS AND DIMENSIONAL DATA AS GUIDES FOR DESIGN.

- The minimum and maximum dimensions for spaces in the built environment
should consider the following criteria:
1.2.1The varying sizes and statures of persons of both sexes, their
reaches and their lines of sight at both the standing and sitting
positions.
1.2.2 The dimensional data of the technical aids of disabled persons.
Included in the second consideration are the dimensions of wheelchairs; the
minimum spaces needed for locking and unlocking leg braces plus the
range of the distance of crutches and other walking aids from persons using
such devices. By applying at this very early stage dimensional criteria which
take into account wheelchair usage, the physical environment will ultimately
encouraged and enable wheelchair users to make full use of their
physical surroundings.

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 1.2.3 The provision of adequate space for wheelchair maneuvering
generally insures adequate space for disabled persons equipped with
other technical aids or accompanied by assistants. In determining the minimum
dimensions for furniture and fixtures accessible to disabled persons, the
following anthropometrics data shall serve as guides for design:
The length of wheelchairs varies from 1.10 m to 1.30 m . The
width of wheelchairs is from 0.60 m to 0.75 m. A circle of 1.50 m in
diameter is a suitable guide in the planning of wheelchair turning
spaces. The comfortable reach of persons confined to wheelchairs is from
0.70 m to 1.20 m above the floor and not less than 0.40 m from room
corners. The comfortable clearance for knee and leg space under tables for
wheelchair users is 0.70 m. Counter height shall be placed at a level
comfortable to disabled persons reach.

e) IV. R. A. 9516 (Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations)

 Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading directly outside
the building, interior stair, ramp, and exterior stair.
 Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading directly outside
the building, interior stair, ramp, and exterior stair.
 Exits shall terminate directly at an open space to the outside of the building.
 There shall be measures for detecting fire such as fire alarms in walls,
peepholes in doors or smoke detectors in ceilings. There shall be devices for
quenching fire such as fire extinguishers or fire hoses that are easily visible
and accessible in strategic areas.

 SECTION 8.01.12 – Fire-Extinguishing Systems

- Width of any way of exit access = Not less than .9 meters
- Distance of exits without sprinkler system = Not more than 46 meters
- Arrangement of exits with (2) two exits = Not less than ½ maximum
diagonal length of the area
- Single door width = Not less than .71 meters
- Single door width = Not more than 1.22 meters
- Single door height = Not less than 2 meters
- Threshold height = Not more than .13 meters
- Ceiling height = Not less than 2.30 meters

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 - Dead ends Corridor = Not more than 6 meters
- Width Corridor = Not less than 1.12 meters
- Handrails height above thread/ramp = .76 meters to .865 meters
- Ramp Width = Not less than 1.12 meters
- Ramp Slope = Not more than 1:12
- Ramp Rise for single run = Not more than .76 meters
- Ramp Cross slope = Not more than 1:48
 Stairs
- Handrails height above thread/ramp = .76 meters to .865 meters
- Width = Not less than 1.12 meters
- Handrails clearance = .38 meters from wall
- Intermediate handrails = Required for stairways with more than 2.23
meters of width
- Headroom = Not less than 2 meters
 Aisles
- Serving one side for less than (60) sixty seats = Not less than .76
meters
- Serving both sides for more than (60) sixty seats = Not less than .912
meters
- Side aisles for more than (60) sixty seats = Not less than 1.22 meters
- Slope = Not more than 12.5%
 Seats
- Spacing of seats = .83 meters
- Width of seat/seating space = Not less than .60 meters (without dividing
arms)

f) P. D. 856 (Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules

and Regulations)

 For Employee use

- Male Water Closet = 1:1-15

- Urinals = 1:10-50
- Female Water Closet = 1:1:15
- Lavatories = 1 per 40

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  For Public use

- Male Water Closet = 1:1-100 ; 3:201-400

- Urinals = 1:1-100 ; 3:201-400
- Female Water Closet = 4:51-100 ; 11:201-400
- Male Lavatories = 1:1-200 ; 2:201-400
- Female Lavatories = 1:1-200 ; 2:201-400

g) HOUSE NO. 545

 SECTIION 4: Objectives and Purposes of the National Sports Training

Center

A. It shall serve as the official venue of training of the athletes in the

national Team included in the list of sports contemplated herein;
B. I shall serve as he official home of the National Athletes who belong to
sports contemplated herein;
C. It shall be the center for sports science and research development.
D. It shall serve as a venue for the training of coaches and referees.
E. It shall be used for any other purpose inherent and incidental for the
purposes for which it was created

 SECTION 5: Sports , Facilities and Amenities

- The center shall include facilities and amenities for ff:

1. Administration building
2. Dormitory for athletes, coaches and referees
3. Sports and science building
4. Dining Hall
5. Recreation Hall
6. Sports library
7. Conference room

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7. Images

 MALOLOS SPORTS AND CONVENTION CENTER (Province of Bulacan,

Central Luzon, Philippines)

 Greenwoods Sports (Center (Dasmariñas City)

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 Caloocan Sports Complex

 St. Louis Regional Convention and Sport Complex

The Dome at America's Center

Page 34 of 52
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
Page 35 of 52
1. SPACE REQUIREMENTS

I. Entrance
a. Entrance/Exit Vestibule
- Passage room for security purposes.

b. Security Post
- A location where a security is posted or station.

II. Reception
a. Lobby
- corridor or hall connected with a larger room or series of rooms and
used as a passageway or waiting room
b. Information Area
- Space for people to ask questions if needed.

c. Registration Area
- It acts as a space were people attending various events register
themselves.
d. Ticketing Booths
- For ticket sales and confirmation.

- This area may vary depending upon the intended scope of events to be
booked.
- Most ticket booths are required in the lobby area or an outer lobby.
- Should be accessible to the public during non-event periods without losing
security.

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  Money Room with Vault
 Group Sales Office
 Ticket Manager’s Office
 Work Area
- For storing event posters and making up ticket
pricing boards.
e. Staircase
- a flight of stairs with the supporting framework, casing, and balusters

III. Lounging
a. Lounge
- A lounge is an area where you can sit, wait and relax. A comfortable room
where guests go to wait.
b. Smoking Area
- A smoking area (or smoking lounge) is a room which is specifically
provided and furnished for smoking, generally in buildings where smoking
is otherwise prohibited.
c. Restrooms
- A room equipped with one or more lavatories and toilets and if a
men's room usually with one or more urinals.
- The size and quantity of the toilets to be provided shall be decided in
accordance to NBC standards.
- They shall be provided for the peak capacity.
 Male with PWD
 Female with PWD
 Baby Changing Room

IV. Restaurant and Food Courts

 Restaurant
- A place where people pay to sit and eat meals that are cooked and served
on the premises.
- Should be planned to achieve variety of seating arrangements.
- Provide acoustic lobby between restaurant and kitchen.
- Access should be planned for guest.
- The service aisle should not be less than 0.9-1.35m if it is to be used by
both trolleys and guest.
- Waiter station should be located so as not to disturb guest.
- Ambience is an important factor in restaurant design: decoration, lighting
should be an integral part.

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a. Counter Area
- Area used for making transactions in a store or other commercial areas.
b. Seating Area
- Seats provided for the customers.

c. Kitchen
- A room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation in a
dwelling or in a commercial establishment.
d. Staff Lounge and Locker
- A room containing lockers for the storage of personal belongings of the
staffs plus relaxing area.
e. Manager’s Office
- An office for the administrative service of the building.
f. Receiving Area
- The main variables affecting the amount of space needed for the receiving
functions are the number, type and type of the deliveries that are to be
handled at one time.
- Ease of opening, checking, moving and stack ability all have bearing on
the space required.
g. Storage Room
- An area divided into dry storage and storage for easily perishable goods.
h. Staff Restroom
 Food Courts
- Large halls that house groups of small outlets selling a wide variety of
specialist food productions.
- With attractive displays and a market –style environment, food courts
offers a pleasant shopping environment and can be added to
supermarkets beyond the check-outs.

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 - Storage space for one day’s trade.
- A bakery, a butcher, cafes & bars, ice cream parlor plus shops etc.

V. Shops
a. Convenience Store
- A convenience store is a small-sized store or shop that offers a limited
range of grocery and other items that people are likely to need or want as
a matter of convenience.

i. Counter Area
ii. Staff Lounge and Locker
iii. Manager’s Office
iv. Receiving Area
v. Storage Room
vi. Staff Restroom

b. Merchandise and Gift Shop

i. Counter Area
ii. Staff Lounge and Locker
iii. Manager’s Office
iv. Receiving Area
v. Storage Room
vi. Staff Restroom

VI. Seating Area

a. Entrance and Exit Stairs
- Seats provided for the viewing experience of the spectators/ guests.
- The seating area is usually located at the second floor of the arena

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  VIP Seating
- Seating for selected people.
- VIP is more comfortable seating and choice of placement in the
venue.
b. Fire Exits
- A fire escape is a special kind of emergency exit, usually mounted to the
outside of a building or occasionally inside but separate from the main
areas of the building.

VII. Play Surface Area

- For sports, as a basis for measurements.
- Space where a sports or an activity takes place

a. Vomitory
- A vomitory is a passage situated below or behind a tier of seats in an
amphitheatre or a stadium, through which big crowds can exit rapidly at
the end of a performance. They can also be pathways for actors to enter
and leave stage.
b. Player’s Benches
- Seats provided for the players.

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 c. Umpire Station
d. Sports Equipment Storage
- A room where sports equipment is stored

VIII. Control Room

- The control room will monitor the over-all functioning of the building.
- Room for the equipment that controls the outputs.
- A room serving as a central space where a large physical facility or
physically dispersed service can be monitored and controlled.

IX. Participant’s Area

a. Entrance/Exit Vestibule
b. Information Area
c. Registration Area
- It acts as a space were people attending various events register
themselves.
d. Lounging Area
e. Restaurant
- A place where people pay to sit and eat meals that are cooked and served
on the premises.
f. Restrooms
g. Clinic
- A clinic refers to a medical facility that caters to patients on an outpatient
basis, addressing and treating common conditions and illnesses.

h. For Sports Participants

i. Warm-Up or Training Areas
- A place to engage in exercise or practice especially before entering a
game or contest, or trainings
- A room containing lockers for the storage of personal belongings plus
showers.
ii. Party Room
- A large room where formal dinners or parties can be held. A
room ideal for business conferences and special occasions.
iii. Team Locker and Dressing Rooms
 Changing Room
- A changing room is a room where you can change your clothes and
usually have a shower, for example at a sports centre.
 Shower Room
- The showers or the shower in a place such as a sports centre is the
area containing showers

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 i. For Convention Participants
i. Rehearsal Rooms
- Enclosed space without natural light close to the dressing room.
- There should be at least one stage for the rehearsal of
performances
ii. Dressing Room
- A room used chiefly for dressing especially: room in
a theatre for changing costumes and makeup.
- It should have discrete access
- Be equipped with secure hanging space
- Have mirrors with good lighting over vanity tables Have separate
toilets & showers
- Have audio/video feed from performance areas
- Be equipped with phones and power outlets.
iii. Workshops
- A meeting at which a group of people engage in intensive
discussion and activity on a particular subject or project.
iv. Locker and Dressing Rooms

X. Convention Facilities
a. Stage
- A raised floor or platform were entertainers or performers or speakers
perform.
- A designated space for the performance of productions. The stage serves
as a space for actors or performers and a focal point for the members of the
audience.

i. Backstage
- The part of the stage which is out of the sight of the audience.
- The service areas, behind, beside or underneath the stage.

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 - Also refers to the personnel who work in the technical departments that
work to create the performance, alongside the actors and musicians.
- Occurring in the area behind the stage and especially in the dressing
rooms.

b. Lecture Room
- A room in which lectures are given with seats in tiers.
c. Exhibition Halls
- The Exhibition Spaces are intended as a combination of indoor and open-air
exhibition space in order to create a strong relation between covered and
green open spaces through thematic content.
- The goal is to create an integrated expositive landscape and a Visitor
Experience that immediately establishes a positive relationship between
humankind and nature, creating a bridge between the content of the Event
and the nature of exhibition spaces.
- The exhibition hall provides optimal conditions for
 Trade fairs
 Exhibits
 Conventions

i. Receiving Area
- The main variables affecting the amount of space needed for the
receiving functions are the number, type and type of the deliveries that
are to be handled at one time.
- Ease of opening, checking, moving and stack ability all have bearing
on the space required.
ii. Repair Station
- A space for repairs and maintenance.
iii. Storage Room

d. Conference Rooms
- A room provided for singular events such as business conferences and
meetings.
- Room intended for meetings of employees and other who manages the
building.
- They hold meetings and small company training sessions for 20-30 people.

e. Seminar Halls
- They are ideal for small scale events like workshops, training sessions, press
conference, etc.
- They are large enough to seat attendees ranging from 50-200 people.

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 i. Audio-Visual Room
- Provided for viewing and listening to audio-visual materials.
ii. Equipment Storage
- Room for storing equipment.
f. Library
- A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made
accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides
physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room,
or a virtual space, or both.
g. Press Room
- Press workroom should be located near the lower seating area.
 Photographer’s Work Area with Darkroom
 Press Booths
 Radio and TV Announcers

h. Equipment Storage Room

XI. Service Area

a. Pump Room
- An environment that contains the largest concentration of pipelines of any
space within the building.
- A room, building, or compartment in which pumps are housed or from which
they are controlled.
- Cistern
- A cistern is a simple and sure fire way of bringing your water costs down.
From their prime purpose, which is holding water and storing it for future
uses, cisterns are also utilized in a number of applications - from toilet
flushes, irrigation to deviating water from buildings and streets.
- Water Heaters
- A water heater is an appliance that converts energy to heat and
transfers that heat to water. It's connected to a cold water supply pipe
and has an outgoing hot water pipe—or system of pipes—that supplies
heated water to faucets and appliances.
- Solar Water Heater
- (SWH) is the conversion of sunlight into heat for water heating using a
solar thermal collector.

b. Air Conditioning Room

- Air Handling Unit Station

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 - (AHU) are the lungs of any HVAC system. An air handling unit is a device
used to regulate and circulate air as part of the heating, ventilation
and air conditioning system

c. Electrical Room
- Room for electric panel boards.
- A room or space in a building dedicated to electrical equipment. Its size is
usually proportional to the size of the building.
d. Generator Room
- A room that houses the emergency power generators.
e. Storage Rooms
- Room for storing equipment.
f. Waste Disposal
- Where waste or garbage is disposed.
- Where the collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste, together
with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process is done.
g. Guard Room
- Storage and lockers for security personnel.
h. Janitor Room
- Storage and lockers for cleaning personnel.
i. Maintenance Room
- Area for the equipment for maintenance.

XII. Fire Exits

XIII. Parking Areas
- An area that is assigned for parking. Normally, the parking spaces are marked on
the ground with white or yellow lines that form squares that each fit one car.
a. Public Parking
i. Car Parking
ii. Bus Parking
iii. Tricycle Parking
iv. Motorcycle Parking
b. Private Parking
c. Service Parking
i. Ambulance Parking
ii. Garbage Truck Parking

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2. MATRICES AND SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS
A. Matrices
a. Main Matrix

B. Restaurant

C. Shops

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D. Administration

E. Participant’s Area

F. Convention Facilities

G. Dormitory

H. Service Area

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 b. Schematic Diagrams
 Ground Floor Plan

Legend: Blue = Public Areas

Green = Semi-Public Areas
Pink = Semi-Private Areas
Maroon = Private Areas

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 Mezzanine Floor Plan

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3. COMPUTATIONS

- Convention and Sports Center is classified under Group I – Assembly for more
than 1000 (Cultural and/or Recreational), Division I – 1 (Recreational, Assembly
Buildings with Stage and an Occupant Load of 1000 or more in the Building).

- Building Height Limit (BHL) – 15.00 meters but not exceed the duly approved
BHL in the major zone it is part of.

 Total Lot Area (TLA) = 49, 699.657 square meters

 Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) = BHL x 90% of Total Lot Area
o TGFA = 15 meters x 90% (49, 699.657 square meters)
o TGFA = 670,810.3695 square meters
 Allowable Maximum Building/Footprint (AMBF) = TLA – Total Yard Areas
o Setbacks for Industrial / Recreational Buildings with a RROW of 10.00 – 19.00
meters:
 Front = 5.00 meters
 Sides = 2.00 meters
 Rear = 2.00 meters
o Yard 1 (Front) = 3.00 meters x 126.6 meters (Line 4-1) = 633.109 square meters
o Yard 2 (Side) = 2.00 meters x 396 meters (Line 1-2) = 791.914 square meters
o Yard 3 (Side) = 2.00 meters x 391.5 meters (Line 3-4) = 786.135 square meters
o Yard 4 (Rear) = 2.00 meters x 121.5 meters (Line 4-1) = 243.025 square meters
o Total Yard Areas (TYA) = 2,454.183 square meters
o AMBF = 49,689.657 sq. m. - 2,454.183 sq. m.
o AMBF = 47,235.474 sq. m.
 Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) = AMBF / TLA
o PSO = 47,235.474 sq. m. / 49, 699.657 sq. m.
o PSO = 95% +/- (TLA)
 Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface Area (ISA) = Yard 2 + Yard 3 + Yard 4 /
TLA
o ISA = 791.914 sq. m. + 786.135 sq. m. + 243.025 sq. m. / 49, 699.657 sq. m.
o ISA = 4% +/- (TLA)
 Maximum Allowable Construction Area (MACA) = PSO + ISA
o MACA = 95% +/- (TLA) + 4% +/- (TLA)
o MACA = 99% +/- (TLA)
 Minimum Unpaved Surface Area (USA) = Yard 1 / TLA
o USA = 633.109 sq. m. / 49, 699.657 sq. m.
o USA = 1%
 Open Space Within Lot (OSL) = Yard 1 + Yard 2 + Yard 3 + Yard 4 / TLA
o OSL = 633.109 sq. m. + 791.914 sq. m. + 786.135 sq. m. + 243.025 sq. m. / 49,
699.657 sq. m.
o OSL = 5% +/- (TLA)
 Gross Floor Area (GFA) = TLA x FLAR
o GFA = 49,689.657 sq. m. x 2.50
o GFA = 124,224 sq. m.

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REFERENCES
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 https://archive.org/details/TimeSaverStandardsForBuildingTypes/page/n1194

https://www.iavm.org/five-trends-will-impact-convention-centers-2017

https://axaxl.com/-/media/gaps/he5____0.pdf

http://www.meetingmediagroup.com/article/new-technology-investment-at-kuala-lumpur-
convention-centre-to-enhance-client-delivery

https://www.woodsbagot.com/ideas/convention-buildings-putting-the-user-experience-
first

https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/city-of-round-rock-sports-center

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312546238_Using_Sustainable_Materials_in_t
he_Design_of_Sports_Halls_in_Order_to_Improve_the_Quality_of_Sports_Spaces/fulltext/588
167d4a6fdcc6b790ddb59/312546238_Using_Sustainable_Materials_in_the_Design_of_Sports
_Halls_in_Order_to_Improve_the_Quality_of_Sports_Spaces.pdf?origin=publication_detail

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312546238_Using_Sustainable_Materials_in_t
he_Design_of_Sports_Halls_in_Order_to_Improve_the_Quality_of_Sports_Spaces/fulltext/588
167d4a6fdcc6b790ddb59/312546238_Using_Sustainable_Materials_in_the_Design_of_Sports
_Halls_in_Order_to_Improve_the_Quality_of_Sports_Spaces.pdf?origin=publication_detail

https://www.revolvy.com/page/Marikina-Sports-Center

https://issuu.com/yashimajain/docs/convention_center_theoretical_study

https://www.jcu.edu.au/tropical-sustainable-design-case-studies/by-building-
type/all/case-study-redlynch-central-sports-centre

http://www.congress.gov.ph/legisdocs/basic_17/HB00545.pdf

https://prezi.com/puqpknl1l8mj/proposed-sports-complex/

https://www.sportengland.org/media/4330/sports-halls-design-and-layouts-2012.pdf

https://www.slideshare.net/TanyaVolhina/style-high-tech-in-architecture-tu39a

https://www.dsni.co.uk/files/Guidance_1_Accessible_Sports_Facilities_Design_Guidelin
es.pdf

http://sport.vic.gov.au/publications-and-resources/female-friendly-sport-infrastructure-
guidelines/section-1-planning-and

https://hdc.com.mv/app/files/2016/10/07-INDOOR-SPORTS-COMPLEX-DESIGN-
GUIDLINE.pdf

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