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    Bus-Bar Arrangement, It's Types and Current Limiting Reactor PDF

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    Abdul Sami
    The document discusses different bus bar arrangements used in power systems including single bus bar, single bus bar with sectionalization, and duplicate bus bar systems. It also describes the use of current limiting reactors to reduce short circuit currents during faults. Current limiting reactors are installed in generators, feeders, and between bus sections to limit fault currents and reduce voltage disturbances on the system.

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    Bus-Bar Arrangement, It's Types and Current Limiting Reactor PDF

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Sami
    479 views6 pages
    The document discusses different bus bar arrangements used in power systems including single bus bar, single bus bar with sectionalization, and duplicate bus bar systems. It also describes the use of current limiting reactors to reduce short circuit currents during faults. Current limiting reactors are installed in generators, feeders, and between bus sections to limit fault currents and reduce voltage disturbances on the system.

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    Bus-Bar arrangement,it's types and Current limiting reactor.pdf

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    The document discusses different bus bar arrangements used in power systems including single bus bar, single bus bar with sectionalization, and duplicate bus bar systems. It also describes the use of current limiting reactors to reduce short circuit currents during faults. Current limiting reactors are installed in generators, feeders, and between bus sections to limit fault currents and reduce voltage disturbances on the system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    479 views6 pages

    Bus-Bar Arrangement, It's Types and Current Limiting Reactor PDF

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Sami
    The document discusses different bus bar arrangements used in power systems including single bus bar, single bus bar with sectionalization, and duplicate bus bar systems. It also describes the use of current limiting reactors to reduce short circuit currents during faults. Current limiting reactors are installed in generators, feeders, and between bus sections to limit fault currents and reduce voltage disturbances on the system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    BUS-BAR ARRANGEMENT

     It is a type of electrical junction in which all the incoming and outgoing electrical current
    meets.
     The bus bar system consists the isolator and the circuit breaker. On the occurrence of
    a fault, the circuit breaker is tripped off and the faulty section of the busbar is easily
    disconnected from the circuit.
     The electrical bus bar is available in rectangular, cross-sectional, round and many
    other shapes.
     The various types of busbar arrangement are used in the power system. The selection
    of the bus bar is depended on the different factor likes reliability, flexibility, cost etc.

    1. Single Bus-Bar Arrangement


     The arrangement of such type of system is very simple and easy. The system has only
    one bus bar along with the switch. All the substation equipment like the transformer,
    generator, and the feeder is connected to this bus bar only.
     Each generator and feeder is controlled by a circuit breaker. The isolators permit
    isolation of generators, feeders and circuit breakers from the bus-bars for
    maintenance.
     The advantages of single bus bar arrangements are:

    i. It has low initial cost.


    ii. It requires less maintenance
    iii. It is simple in operation

    Drawbacks of Single Bus-Bars Arrangement

     The only disadvantage of such type of arrangement is


    that the complete supply is disturbed on the
    occurrence of the fault.
     The arrangement provides the less flexibility and
    hence used in the small substation where continuity
    of supply is not essential.

    2. Single Bus-Bar Arrangement with


    Bus Sectionalized
     In this type of busbar arrangement, the
    circuit breaker and isolating switches are
    used.
     The isolator disconnects the faulty section of the busbar, hence protects the
    system from complete shutdown.
     This type of arrangement uses one addition circuit breaker which does not much
    increase the cost of the system.

    Advantage of single Bus-bar Arrangement with Bus Sectionalization


    The following are the advantages of sectionalized bus bar.

     The faulty section is removed without affecting the continuity of the supply.
     The maintenance of the individual section can be done without disturbing the system
    supply.
     The system has a current limiting reactor which decreases the occurrence of the fault.

    Disadvantages of Single Bus-Bar Arrangement with Sectionalization

     The system uses the additional circuit breaker and isolator which increases the cost
    of the system.

    3. Duplicate bus-bar system:


     In large stations, it is important that breakdowns and maintenance should interfere
    as little as possible with continuity of supply.
     In order to achieve this objective, duplicate Bus Bar Arrangement in Power Station
    is used in important stations. Such a system consists of two bus-bars, a “main bus-
    bar” and a “spare” bus-bar.

    Advantages:
     If repair and maintenance it to be carried on the main bus, the supply need not be
    interrupted as the entire load can be transferred to the spare bus.
     The testing of feeder circuit breakers can be done by putting them on spare bus-
    bar, thus keeping the main bus-bar undisturbed.
     If a fault occurs on the bus-bar, the continuity of supply to the circuit can be
    maintained by transferring it to the other Bus Bar Arrangement in Power Station.

    Current Limiting Reactor


     The current limiting reactor is an inductive coil having a large inductive reactances in
    comparison to their resistance and is used for limiting short circuit currents during fault
    conditions.
     Current-voltage reactors also reduced the voltage disturbances on the rest of the
    system.
     It is installed in feeders and ties, in generators leads, and between bus sections, for
    reducing the magnitude of short circuit currents and the effect of the respective voltage
    disturbance.
     Current reactor allows free interchange of power under normal condition, but when the
    fault occurs the disturbance is restricted by the current reactor to the faulty section.
     As the resistance of the system is very small as compared to their reactance. Hence,
    the efficiency of the system is not much affected.

    Main Function of Current Limiting Reactor


     The main purpose of the current limiting reactor is that its reactance should not
    decrease when a large short current flows through its windings.
     When the fault current exceeds about three times rated full-load current then large
    cross section iron cored reactor is used for limiting the fault current. Because of
    the large cross-section area, the iron cored reactor becomes very costly and
    heavy. Therefore, the Air Cored Reactor is usually used to limit the short circuit
    or fault current.
     The Iron-Cored Reactor produces hysteresis and eddy current loss due to which
    more power is consumed as compared to air cored reactor. Normally, in an air
    cored reactor, the total losses are of the order of 5% of KVA rating of the reactor.

    Location of Reactors
     Reactors are located at different location in a power system for reducing the short
    circuit current.

     These reactors may be connected in series with the generators, feeders or in bus-bars
    as explained below.
    1. Generators Reactors
     When reactor is connected between bus bar and generator,
    it is called a generator reactor.
     This reactor can also be connected in series with the
    generator.
     When a new generator is connected with an old generator,
    a reactor is added in series with the old generator to provide
    protection.

    Disadvantages:
    × The fault on a feeder disconnects the supply of other
    feeders also.
    × After removing the faulty feeder, the generator has to
    be synchronized again.
    × During normal operation, full load current passes
    through the reactor which causes continuous power
    loss.
    2. Feeders Reactors
     Reactors, which is connected in series with the feeder is
    called feeders reactor.
     Usually short circuits occur on feeders therefore, feeder
    reactors are very important.

    Advantages:
     The voltage drop across a reactor during faulty
    conditions will not affect the voltage of bus bar,
    therefore, there are less chances of losing
    synchronism.
     A fault on a feeder will not affect any other feeder.
    Disadvantages:
    × Every feeder needs a reactor hence the number or
    reactors increases.
    × If the number of generators increases, then the size of
    the reactor should also be increased.
    × During normal operation, full load current passes
    through the reactor which causes continuous power
    loss.

    3. Bus-Bar Reactor
     When the reactors are inserted in the bus bar, then it is called bus-bar reactors.
     The constant voltage drop and constant power loss in reactors may be avoided by
    inserting the reactors in the bus bars.
    i. Ring system:
     In this system, a bus bar is divided into different sections and these sections are
    connected together through a reactor.
     Each feeder is fed by a separate generator and during
    normal operation each generator supplies power to its
    respective load due to which very less power loss occurs
    in the reactors.

    ii. Tie bar system:


     In this system, the generators are connected to a
    common bus bar through the reactors and feeders are
    fed through the generator side of the reactors.
     This system is very efficient in case of larger systems.
    The reactance of the reactors in this case is half as
    compared to the ring system reactance.

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