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    Mth401 Mid Fall2004 Sol s3

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    maria asghar
    The document is a midterm examination for a differential equations course containing 10 multiple choice and descriptive questions. It provides instructions that the exam is closed book, 60 minutes long, and contains both multiple choice and descriptive questions worth varying marks. The questions cover topics such as definitions of ordinary differential equations, implicit solutions, logistic equations, linear independence of functions, separable equations, exact/inexact equations, Bernoulli equations, radioactive decay models, finding second solutions, and solving equations using undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters.

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    Mth401 Mid Fall2004 Sol s3

    Uploaded by

    maria asghar
    68 views7 pages
    The document is a midterm examination for a differential equations course containing 10 multiple choice and descriptive questions. It provides instructions that the exam is closed book, 60 minutes long, and contains both multiple choice and descriptive questions worth varying marks. The questions cover topics such as definitions of ordinary differential equations, implicit solutions, logistic equations, linear independence of functions, separable equations, exact/inexact equations, Bernoulli equations, radioactive decay models, finding second solutions, and solving equations using undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters.

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    mth401

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    The document is a midterm examination for a differential equations course containing 10 multiple choice and descriptive questions. It provides instructions that the exam is closed book, 60 minutes long, and contains both multiple choice and descriptive questions worth varying marks. The questions cover topics such as definitions of ordinary differential equations, implicit solutions, logistic equations, linear independence of functions, separable equations, exact/inexact equations, Bernoulli equations, radioactive decay models, finding second solutions, and solving equations using undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views7 pages

    Mth401 Mid Fall2004 Sol s3

    Uploaded by

    maria asghar
    The document is a midterm examination for a differential equations course containing 10 multiple choice and descriptive questions. It provides instructions that the exam is closed book, 60 minutes long, and contains both multiple choice and descriptive questions worth varying marks. The questions cover topics such as definitions of ordinary differential equations, implicit solutions, logistic equations, linear independence of functions, separable equations, exact/inexact equations, Bernoulli equations, radioactive decay models, finding second solutions, and solving equations using undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    WWW.VUPages.

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    MIDTERM EXAMINATION
    Total Marks: 50
    SEMESTER FALL 2004
    MTH401- Differential Equations Duration: 60min

    Instructions
    1. Attempt all questions.
    2. The Time allowed for this paper is 60 minutes.
    3. This examination is closed book, closed notes, closed neighbors; any one found cheating will get zero grades in
    the course MTH401 Differential Equations.
    4. You are not allowed to use any type of Table for Formulae of Differentiation and integration during your exam.
    5. Each objective type question carries 2 marks and each Descriptive question carries 10 marks. So write every
    step of the solution of descriptive question to get maximum marks.
    6. Do not ask any questions about the contents of this examination from anyone. If you think that there is
    something wrong with any of the questions, attempt it to the best of your understanding.

    Question No: 1 Marks: 2

    A differential equation said to be ordinary differential equation if it contains only ordinary derivatives with
    respect to single variable.

    Question No: 2 Marks: 2

    A solution of the differential equation of the form y= f (x) is called the implicit solution.

    Question No: 3 Marks: 2

    Logistic equations are applications of non-linear equations.

    Question No: 4 Marks: 2


    f1 ( x ) = 5, f 2 ( x ) = cos 2 x, f3 ( x ) = sin 2 x
    The given functions are linearly independent.

    Question No: 5 Marks: 2

    A set of functions whose wronskian is zero then set of functions may or may not be dependent.

    Question No: 6 Marks: 10

    (a) Define separable form. Just separate the variables of the given differential equation.
    dy
    sec y + sin ( x − y ) = sin ( x + y )
    dx
    Solution
    The differential equation of the form d y / d x = f (x, y) is called separable if it can be written in the form
    d y / d x = h(x)g(y)
    dy
    sec y + sin ( x − y ) = sin ( x + y )
    dx
    dy
    sec y = sin ( x + y ) − sin ( x − y )
    dx
    dy
    sec y = sin ( x + y ) − sin ( x − y )
    dx
    dy
    sec y = sin x cos y + cos x sin y − sin x cos y + cos x sin y
    dx
    dy
    sec y = 2 cos x sin y
    dx
    dy
    = cos xdx
    2 cos y sin y
    dy
    = cos xdx
    sin 2 y
    cos ec 2 ydy = cos xdx

    (b) Check whether the given differential equation is exact or not if not then make it exact also show that it is
    exact (Just make the equation exact do not solve it further).
    e x dx + ( e x cot y + 2 y cos ecy ) dy = 0
    Solution
    e x dx + ( e x cot y + 2 y cos ecy ) dy = 0
    M ( x, y ) = e x , N ( x, y ) = e x cot y + 2 y cos ecy
    M y = 0, N x = e x cot y
    M y ≠ Nx

    Thus it is not exact now we apply techniques to make it exact

    e x dx + ( e x cot y + 2 y cos ecy ) dy = 0


    Nx − M y e x cot y − 0
    = = cot y
    M ex
    I .F = e ∫
    cot ydy
    = eln sin y = sin y
    e x sin ydx + ( e x cos y + 2 y ) dy = 0
    M ( x, y ) = e x sin y, N ( x, y ) = e x cos y + 2 y
    M y = e x cos y, N x = e x cos y
    M y = Nx
    Which shows that equation is exact

    Question No: 7 Marks: 10


    dy
    y+2 = y 3 ( x −1)
    (a) Solve Bernoulli equation dx (Just make the given equation linear in v, do not integrate)
    Solution
    dy
    xy − = y 3 ( x − 1)
    dx
    dy −3
    xy −2 − y = ( x − 1)
    dx
    put y −2 = v
    dy −3 dv
    −2 y =
    dx dx
    dy −3 1 dv
    − y =
    dx 2 dx
    Then
    1 dv
    + vx = ( x − 1)
    2 dx
    dv
    + 2vx = 2( x −1)
    dx
    (b) The radioactive isotope of the lead, Pb-209, decay at a rate proportional to the amount present at any time and
    has a half-life of 4 hours. If 2 grams of the lead is present initially, how long will it take for 80% of the lead to
    decay? (Just make the model of the radioactive decay as well as describe the given conditions do not solve
    further)
    Solution
    Suppose that A0 is the initial amount of isotope, as given A0 is 100 and A (t) be the amount present at time t it
    governed by the differential equation.
    dA
    αA
    dt
    dA
    = kA
    dt
    dA
    = kdt
    A
    Integrate both sides
    ln A = kt + c
    A = e kt + c
    A = e kt ec
    A = P0 e kt say A0 = ec
    Where A0 is the initial amount of isotope
    A0 =2 = A(0)
    A(4)=2/2=1
    Then we have to find time when radioactive isotope will take 80% decay. So as A initially given 2 and 80% of 2
    is 8/5 so decay would be 1-8/5 = -3/5
    P (t) = -3/5 , t=?

    Question No: 8 Marks:10

    (a) Find a second solution of following differential equations where the first solution is given (also write the
    formulae).
    x 2 y′′ − 4 xy′ + 6 y = 0; y1 = x 2
    Solution
    x 2 y ''− 4 xy '+ 6 y = 0; y1 = x 2
    differential equation can be written as
    4 6
    y ''− xy '+ 2 = 0
    x x
    the 2nd solution is given by

    e ∫
    − pdx

    y2 = y1 ∫ dx
    y12
    e ∫ x
    − − 4 dx

    y2 = x ∫
    2
    dx
    (x )
    2 2

    e∫
    4 dx
    x
    y2 = x ln x ∫
    3
    dx
    ( x3 ln x )
    2

    e4ln x
    y2 = x 2 ∫ dx
    x4
    4
    eln x
    y2 = x ln x ∫ 4 dx
    3

    x
    x4
    y2 = x 2 ∫ dx
    x4
    y2 = x 2 ∫ dx
    y2 = x 3

    (b) Solve the differential equation by the undetermined coefficient (superposition approach)
    y ''− 2 y '− 3 y = 4 sin θ
    If complimentary solution is given below
    yc = c1e3 x + c2 e − x
    Then just find particular solution.
    Solution

    We find a particular solution of non-homogeneous differential equation.


    Suppose input function
    y p = A cos θ + B sin θ
    Then
    y ' p = − A sin θ + B cos θ
    y '' p = − A cos θ − B sin θ
    Substituting in the given differential equation
    − A cos θ − B sin θ − 2 ( − A sin θ + B cos θ ) − 3 ( A cos θ + B sin θ ) = 4sin θ
    ( − A − 2 B − 3 A) cos θ + ( − B + 2 A − 3B ) sin θ = 4sin θ
    From the resulting equations
    − A − 2 B − 3 A = 0; − B + 2 A − 3B = 4
    −4 A − 2 B = 0 ; 2 A − 4B = 4
    2 A + B = 0; A − 2B = 2 → A = 2 + 2B
    → 2(2 + 2 B) + B = 0
    → 4 + 5B = 0
    −4
    →B=
    5
    ⎛ −4 ⎞ 2
    → A = 2 + 2⎜ ⎟ =
    ⎝ 5 ⎠ 5
    2 4
    yp = cos θ − sin θ
    5 5

    Question No: 9 Marks: 10

    (a) Solve differential equation by the undetermined coefficient (annihilator operator).

    d2y dy
    2
    − 4 = e2 x
    dx dx
    If complimentary solution is given below
    yc = c1 + c2 e 4 x
    Then just find general solution.
    Solution
    In this case of input function is
    g(x)= e 2 x
    further
    ( D − 2)( g ( x)) = ( D − 2)(e2 x ) = 0
    Therefore the differential operator D 3 annihilates the function g. operating on both sides
    ( D − 2)( D 2 − 4 D) y = ( D − 2)(e2 x )
    ( D − 2)( D 2 − 4 D) y = 0
    This is the homogeneous equation of order 3. Next we solve this higher order equation.
    Thus auxiliary equation is
    (m − 2)(m 2 − 4m) = 0
    m(m − 2)(m − 4) = 0
    m = 0, 2, 4
    Thus its general solution of the differential equation must be
    y = c1 + c2 e 4 x + c3e 2 x
    (b) Solve the differential equation by the variation of parameters
    y ''− 4 y + 3 = cos x
    If complimentary solution is given below
    yc = c1e3 x + c2 e x
    Then just find particular solution (do not integrate).
    Solution
    y ''− 4 y + 3 = cos x
    This equation is already in standard form
    y’’+ P(x)y’ +Q(x)y = f(x)
    Therefore, we identify the function f(x) as
    f(x) = cos x
    We construct the determinants
    Since y1 = e3 x , y2 = e x so
    e3 x ex
    W ( y1 , y2 ) = = e3 x + x − 3e3 x + x = −2e 4 x
    3e3 x e x

    0 ex
    W1 = x
    = cos xe x
    cos x e
    e3 x 0
    W2 = = cos xe3 x
    3e3 x cos x
    We determine the derivatives of the function u1 and u2
    W1 cos xe x cos x −3 x
    u '1 = = → u1 = ∫ e dx
    W −2e 4x
    −2
    W cos xe3 x cos x − x
    u '2 = 2 = → u2 = ∫ e dx v
    W −2e 4x
    −2
    y p = u1e3 x + u2 e x

    is required particular solution

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