Ammendment of 2019 To Indian Forest Act 2027

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Forest Policy Division, MOEF&CC, GoI [Proposed Indian Forest (Amendment) Act, 2018]
Dated 07.03.2019
AMENDMENT TO INDIAN FOREST ACT, 1927
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment Comments of State/UT Government
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INDIAN FOREST ACT 1927 THE INDIAN FOREST ACT, 2019
Preamble: Preamble:
An Act to consolidate the law relating to forests, the “An act to provide for conservation, enrichment and
transit of forest-produce and the duty leviable on sustainable management of forest resources and matters
timber and other forest-produce. connected therewith to safeguard ecological stability to
ensure provision of ecosystem services in perpetuity and
WHEREAS it is expedient to consolidate the law to address the concerns related to climate change and
relating to forests, the transit of forest-produce and international commitments.”
the duty leviable on timber and other forest-
produce; it is hereby enacted as follows:-
WHEREAS it is imperative to conserve forests, to
improve the ecosystem services that flow from forests,
to ensure environmental stability and wellbeing of
people in general and forest dependent people in
particular, to meet the national developmental
aspirations and the various international commitments,
to strengthen and support the forest based traditional
knowledge and all matters connected therewith or
ancillary or incidental thereto, with peoples’
participation and to provide a comprehensive legislation
to deal with issues related to forestry sector and
therefore the Indian Forest (Amendment) Act, 2019 is
enacted as under:
Be it enacted in the year …………………. by the

Parliament of the Republic of India as follows:
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CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment in IFA with Section(re- Remarks of MoEF&CC/ Core
arrangement) Committee
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1. Short title and extent--- 1. Short title and extent---
(1) This Act may be called the Indian Forest Act, 1927. (1) This Act may be called the Indian Forest
(Amendment) Act, 2019.
(2) It extends to the whole of India except the territories (2) It extends to the whole of India, except the State of
which immediately before the 1st November, 1956, Jammu & Kashmir.
were comprised in Part B States.
(3) It applies to the territories, which, immediately (3) It shall come into force with effect from ………..
before 1st November, 1956, were comprised in the
State of Bihar, Bombay, Coorg, Delhi, Madhya
Pradesh, Orissa, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and West
Bengal; but the Government of any State may by
notification in the Official Gazette bring this Act
into force in the whole or any specified part of that
State to which this Act extends and where it is not in
force.
2. Interpretation Clause--- 2. Definition---
In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the
subject or context,- subject or context,-
(1) “cattle” includes elephants, camels, buffaloes, (1) “cattle” includes domesticated /captive population of
horses, mares, geldings, ponies, colts, fillies, mules, buffaloes, bulls, bullocks, cows, oxen and other
asses, pigs, rams, ewes, sheep, lambs, goats and livestock such as camels, elephants, donkeys, goats,
kids; horses, mares, mithuns, mules, pigs, sheep, yaks, or any
other domesticated animals notified by Central or State
Government and also their young;
(2) “claimant” in respect of any land means a person,

claiming to be entitled to the land or any other interest
therein acquired, owned, settled or possessed or
purported to have been acquired, owned, settled or
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possessed whether under, through or by any lease or

license under and in accordance with any provision or
any enactment.
(3) “community” is a group of persons specified on the

basis of Government records living in a specific locality
and in joint possession and enjoyment of common
property resources, without regard to race, religion,
caste, language and culture.
(4) “village forest” means the village forests referred to

in section 28 of the Indian Forest (Amendment) Act,
2019.
(5) “forest” includes any Government or private or
institutional land recorded or notified as forest /forest
land in any Government record and the lands managed
by Government/community as forest and mangroves,
and also any land which the Central or State
Government may by notification declare to be forest for
the purpose of this Act.
Explanation:
The term “forest” includes meadows, grassland,

watercourses, ponds, lakes, roads etc., situated within
such forest.
(6) “forest land” means land of any description notified,

recorded or identified in accordance with law as forest
and forest land and includes reserved forest, protected
forest, unclassed or unclassified forests (if any), any
land transferred to the forest department for forestry
purposes, existing, proposed and deemed forests.
(7) “Reserved Forests” means the reserved forests

referred to in section 3 of the Indian Forest
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(8) “Protected Forests” means the protected forests

referred to in section 29 of the Indian Forest
(9) “Unclassed Forests” means all demarcated or un-

demarcated forest land or non-forest land, Government
or private land legally transferred, handed-over,
purchased, acquired or given to the State Forest
Department/Union Territory Administration for
administration and management; but has not been
notified either as “reserve forest” or “protected forests”,
duly entered in the forest records; this include the non-
forest land or any land transferred for the purpose of
compensatory afforestation under Forest (Conservation)
Act, 1980. All the provisions of the Chapter-IV of
Indian Forest (Amendment) Act, 2019 shall apply to
unclassed forest lands.
(10) “production forests” may be defined as notified by

the Central Government, State Government or Union
Territory Administration under Section-34.C (1) for the
specific purpose of increasing production of forest
produce in the country.
(2) “Forest-officer” means any person whom the State (11) “Forest-officer” means any person whom the
Government or any officer empowered by the State Central or the State Government or any officer
Government in this behalf, may appoint to carry out empowered by the Central or the State Government in
all or any of the purposes of this Act or to do this behalf, may appoint to carry out all or any of the
anything required by this Act or any rule made purposes of this Act or to do anything required by this
thereunder to be done by a Forest-officer; Act or any rule made thereunder to be done by a Forest-
officer;
(3) “forest-offence” means an offence punishable under (12) “forest-offence” means an offence punishable under
this Act or under any rule made thereunder; this Act or under any rule made thereunder;
(4) “forest-produce” includes– (13) “forest-produce” includes–
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(a) the following whether found in, or brought from, (a) the following whether found in, or brought from a
a forest or not, that is to say:--- forest or not, that is to say:---
timber, charcoal, caoutchouc, catechu, wood-oil, timber, sawnwood, charcoal, sandalwood, red sanders
resin, natural varnish, bark, lac, mahua flowers, wood, caoutchouc, catechu, wood-oil, gum, resin,
mahua seeds, kuth and myrabolams, and natural varnish, mahua flowers, mahua seeds, kuth, sal-
seed, tendu leaves, wild animals, wildlife as defined
under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and products
derived there from except trees including bamboo
species grown on non-forest private land including
Agro-forestry products. The wood and non-wood
products obtained from trees/ plants grown in non-forest
private lands and certified as such by the competent
authority/Divisional Forest Officer will constitute Agro-
forestry products.
(b) the following when found in, or brought from, a (b) the following when found in or removed from, a
forest, that is to say :- forest, that is to say:-
(i) trees and leaves, flowers and fruits, and all other (i) trees, timber, and leaves, herbs, flowers and fruits,
parts or produce not hereinbefore mentioned, of and all other parts or produce not herein before
trees, mentioned, of trees,
(ii) plants not being trees (including grass, creepers (ii) plants not being trees (including grass, bamboos,
reeds and moss), and all other parts of produce of creepers reeds, moss and lichen) and all parts or produce
such plants, of such plants
(iii) wild animals and skins, tusks, horns, bones, Deleted.

silk, cocoons, honey, and wax, and all other parts of
produce of animals, and
(iv) peat, surface oil, rock, and minerals (including (iii) peat, humus, fallen leaves, or any other organic
limestone, laterite, mineral oils, and all products of matter, soil, sand, rock and major and minor minerals
mines or quarries); including oil and, all products of mines or quarries not
included under any other/ special Act(s).
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Explanation: The forest produce will not include

agricultural or horticultural crops and their products.
Such Agri/Horti-species as may be notified by Central
Government and State Government from time to time.
(14) “heavy machinery” means tractors, trucks, earth
movers, power driven mechanical loaders and
excavators and the likes;
(15) “land” includes canals, creeks, deltas, estuaries and
other water channels, reservoirs, rivers, streams and
lakes, whether artificial or natural, and also includes
boulders and rocks.
(16) “ license ” means a license /permit granted under
this Act;
(17) “licensee” means any person to whom a license is

granted under this Act;
(18) “local body” means any organization or committee

constituted under Section 80(b) of this Act or under any
relevant Act of the Central or the State Government.
(19) “Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP)” includes all

non-timber forest produce including bamboos, brush
wood, stumps, cane, tussar, cocoons, honey, wax, lac,
tendu or kendu leaves, medicinal plants and herbs, roots,
tubers, seeds, pods, barks, climbers and the like and
animal origin.
(4A) “owner” includes a Court of Wards in respect of (20) “owner” in relation to a forest produce includes a
property under the superintendence or charge of Forest Rights holder both individual and or community,
such Court; mortgage in possession, lessee or other person having
right to the possession and enjoyment of the usufruct,
and a Court of Wards in respect of property under the
superintendence or charge of such Court.
(21) “person” includes a, or a forest dwelling

Community or any organization registered under the
prevalent laws in the State.
(22) “plantation” means a forest crop raised artificially,

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either by sowing or planting.
(23) “pollution” has the same meaning as in the

Environment Protection Act, 1986.
(24) “river” includes any stream, canal, creek or other

(5) “river” includes any stream, canal, creek or other channels, natural or artificial;
channels, natural or artificial;
(25) “sawing” means operations of sawing, cutting,
converting, fashioning, or seasoning wood with the aid
of electrical or mechanical power;
(26) “saw-mill” means the plant and machinery with

which the premises (including the precincts thereof) in
which or in any part of which sawing is carried on with
the aid of electrical or mechanical power;
(27) “saw pit” means a place where wood is sawn by

manually operated saws;
(28) “shifting cultivation” means cultivation of forest

land by Adivasis/Tribals periodically after the clearing
of bushes and trees.
(The tribal shall be notified tribes as per Central

Government notification).
(6) “timber” includes trees when they have fallen or (29) “timber” includes trees when they have fallen or
have been felled, and all wood whether cut up or have been felled or uprooted and all wood whether cut
fashioned or hollowed out for any purpose or not; up, sawn, sliced, veneered, split, fashioned or hollowed
and out or partially processed for any purpose or not;
(7) “tree” includes palms, bamboos, stumps, brush- (30) “tree” includes palms, reeds, stumps, brush-wood;
wood and canes.
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(31) “Bark" means the hard outer covering of the

woody stem or root.
(32) “usufruct” means forest produce that may be

obtained from dead plants, or the produce of harvested
from living plants including grasses, sedges, lianas,
herbs, creepers, vines, shrubs and wood, without
uprooting, felling, coppicing, pollarding or destroying,
or otherwise debarking or damaging trees in such a
manner, so as to hamper or impair its natural growth or
to threaten its survival.
(33) “vehicle” means any conveyance used for .

movement on land, water or air and includes buffalo,
bull, bullock, camel, donkey, elephant, horse, mule or
any other cattle used for this purpose.
(34) “village forest management committee” or “joint

forest management committee” means a committee or
local body formed and registered under section 80.B of
this Act or the Societies Registration Act 1860.
(35) “working plan” or a “working scheme” means a

detailed written plan of the operations/ management
approved by the competent authority to be undertaken
on a specified area of forest land with the objective to
achieve sustainable forest management (including land
allotted for joint forest management) for a specific
period ordinarily for 5 years.
(36) “fishing" includes collection fish by any

means, poisoning water bodies for collecting fish, or
any attempt to do so.
(37) "waste material" includes solid, liquid or

gaseous substances which are discarded after
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primary use, or any poisonous materials, rubbish, junk,

garbage, filth, excreta, toxic industrial rejection, or
unwanted/undesired/unusable material, or any
substance which causes injury/harm/damage/ otherwise
adversely affects the human beings/wildlife/forests/
environment.
(38) “wild animal" means any animal specified in .

schedules of the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 and
found wild in nature.
(39) “habitat” means an ecological or natural area

that includes lands, water or vegetation which is the
natural home of any wild species of animals, plant or
other type of organism for food, water, shelter or
reproduction including habitat as defined under the
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
(40) "carbon sequestration” means and includes the

natural process of removal of carbon from the
atmosphere and its deposition in a reservoir, especially
into plant body as biomass."
(41) “encroachment” means any attempt to or carrying

out any activity on forest land, including breaking of
lands for any purpose, destruction of vegetation and
disturbing soil strata without any authorization of law
including title, rights, or concessions.
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C H A P T E R II
OF RESERVED FORESTS
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment with numbering of re- Comments of State/UT Government
arranged section
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3. Power to reserve forests-- 3. Power to reserve forests--
The State Government may constitute any forest- (1) Whenever the State Government considers that any .
land or waste-land which is the property of the forest area or land by reason of its environmental,
Government, or over which the Government has ecological, floral, faunal, geo-morphological, botanical,
proprietary rights, or to the whole or any part of the silvicultural, zoological, hydrological association or
forest-produce of which the Government is entitled, importance is needed to be constituted as a reserved
a reserved forest in the manner hereinafter provided. forest for the purpose of conserving, protecting,
propagating or managing the forest, it may constitute
such area as reserved forest on any land which is the
property of the Government, or over which the
Government has proprietary rights or to the whole or
any part of the forest produce of which the Government
is entitled, in the manner hereinafter provided.
(2) Where the Central Government, for considerations

mentioned in sub-section (1), deems it essential and
expedient to constitute a reserved forest, and where the
State Government has not constituted such a reserved
forest, the Central Government may give directions to
the State Government to constitute such reserved forest
within a prescribed time and to follow the procedure laid
down in this Chapter in this regard.
4. Notification by State Government 4. Notification by State Government
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(1) Whenever it has been decided to constitute any land (1) Whenever it has been decided to constitute any land
a reserved forest, the State Government shall issue a a reserved forest, the State Government or any officer
notification in the Official Gazette --- authorized by the State Government in this behalf shall
issue a notification in the Official Gazette –
(a) declaring that it has been decided to constitute (a) declaring that it has been decided to constitute such
such land a reserve forest; land a reserve forest;
(b) specifying, as nearly as possible, the situation (b) specifying, as nearly as possible, the situation and
and limits of such land; and limits of such land; and
(c) appointing an officer (hereinafter called “the (c) appointing an officer (hereinafter called “the Forest
Forest Settlement-officer”) to inquire into and Settlement-officer”) to inquire into and determine the
determine the existence, nature and extent of any existence, nature and extent of any rights alleged to exist
rights alleged to exist in favour of any person in or in favour of any person in or over any land comprised
over any land comprised within such limits, or in within such limits, or in over any forest-produce, and to
over any forest-produce, and to deal with the same deal with the same as provided in this Chapter.
as provided in this Chapter.
Explanation: For the purpose of clause (b), it shall Explanation: For the purpose of clause (b), it shall be
be sufficient to describe the limits of the land by sufficient to describe the limits of the land by roads,
roads, rivers, ridges, or other well-known or readily rivers, ridges, or other well-known or readily intelligible
intelligible boundaries. boundaries.
(2) The officer appointed under clause (c) of sub- (2) The officer appointed under clause (c) of sub-section
section (1) shall ordinarily be a not holding any (1) shall ordinarily be a not holding any forest-office
forest-office except of Forest Settlement-officer. except of Forest Settlement-officer.
(3) Nothing in this section shall prevent the State (3) Nothing in this section shall prevent the State
Government from appointing any number of Government from appointing any number of officers
officers not exceeding three, not more than one of not exceeding three, not more than one of whom shall be
whom shall be a person holding any forest-office a person holding any forest-office except as aforesaid, to
except as aforesaid, to perform the duties of a Forest perform the duties of a Forest Settlement-officer under
Settlement-officer under this Act. this Act.
(4) A Forest-officer hereafter called “presenting
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officer”, not below the rank of Forest Ranger, as

authorized in this behalf by the Divisional Forest
Officer, may represent the Forest Department at
enquiries conducted under this Chapter. State
Government shall complete the process of forest
settlement within a period of 3 years from the date of
notification under section 4 (1) above.
5. Bar on accrual of forest rights. 5. Bar on accrual of forest rights.
After the issue of a notification under section 4, no (1) After the issue of a notification under section 4,
right shall be acquired in or over the land comprised
in such notification, except by succession or under a (a) no right shall be acquired in or over the land
grant or contract in writing made or entered into by comprised in such notification, except by succession or
or (on behalf of the Government) or some person in intestate succession or under a grant or contract in
whom such right was vested when the notification writing made or entered into by or (on behalf of the
was issued; and no fresh clearings for cultivation or Government) or some person in whom such right was
for any other purpose shall be made in such land vested when the notification was issued; and
except in accordance with such rules as may be
made by the State Government in this behalf.
(b) no house, shed or other structure shall be built or

plantation formed, no fresh clearing or breaking of land
for cultivation or for any other purpose shall be made on
such land nor any tree therein felled, girdled, lopped,
tapped or burnt or its bark or leaves stripped off, or the
same otherwise damaged, nor any forest produce
removed there from, except in accordance with rules
made by State Government in this behalf;
(c) no person shall set fire or kindle or leave burning

any fire in such manner as to endanger or damage such
land or forest produce therein.
(2) No patta or occupancy right on such land shall be
granted by or on behalf of the State Government; nor
any lease be granted except in accordance with the
recognition, restoration and vesting of Forest Rights,
wherever applicable, and related matters under various
provisions of “The Scheduled Tribes and Other
Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest
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Rights) Act, 2006 and rules made in this Act.
(3) Save as otherwise provided in this Act, no Civil

Court shall from the dates of publication of the
notification under section 4 and upto the date of
publication of the notification under section 20,
entertain any suit to establish any right in or over any
land or to the forest produce from any land, included in
the notification published under section 4.
6. Proclamation by Forest Settlement-officer-- 6. Proclamation by Forest Settlement-officer--
When a notification has been issued under section 4, (1) When a notification has been issued under section 4,
the Forest Settlement-officer shall publish in the the Forest Settlement-officer shall publish in the local
local vernacular in every town and village in the language in every town and village in the
neighbourhood of the land comprised therein, a neighbourhood of the land comprised therein, a
proclamation --- proclamation---
(a) specifying, as nearly as possible, the situation (a) specifying, as nearly as possible, the situation and
and limits of the proposed forest; limits of the proposed forest;
(b) explaining the consequences which, as (b) explaining the consequences which, as hereinafter
hereinafter provided, will ensue on the reservation provided, will ensue on the reservation of such
of such forest; and forest; and
(c) fixing a period of not less than three months (c) fixing a period of not less than three months and not
from the date of such proclamation, and requiring more than six months from the date of such
every person claiming any right mentioned in proclamation, and requiring every person claiming any
section 4 or section 5 within such period either to right mentioned in section 4 or section 5 within such
present to the Forest Settlement-officer a written period either to present to the Forest Settlement-officer a
notice specifying or to appear before him and state, written notice specifying or to appear before him and
the nature of such right and the amount and state, the nature of such right and the amount and
particulars of the compensation (if any) claimed in particulars of the compensation (if any) claimed in
respect thereof. respect thereof.
(2) State Government shall have the power to extend the

period specified under section 6(1) (c) above for a
further period of six months in exceptional
circumstances recoding the reasons for such extension.
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7. Inquiry by Forest Settlement-officer-- 7. Inquiry by Forest Settlement-officer--
The Forest Settlement-officer shall take down in The Forest Settlement-officer shall take down in writing .
writing all statements made under section 6, and all statements made under section 6, and shall at some
shall at some convenient place inquire into all convenient place inquire into all claims duly preferred
claims duly preferred under that section, and the under that section, and the existence of any rights
existence of any rights mentioned in section 4 or mentioned in section 4 or section 5 and not claimed
section 5 and not claimed under section 6 so far as under section 6 so far as the same may be ascertainable
the same may be ascertainable from the records of from the records of Government and the evidence of any
Government and the evidence of any persons likely persons likely to be acquainted with the same, including
to be acquainted with the same. the presenting officer.
8. Powers of Forest Settlement-officer-- 8. Powers of Forest Settlement-officer--
For the purpose of such inquiry, the Forest For the purpose of such inquiry, the Forest Settlement-
Settlement-officer may exercise the following officer may exercise the following powers, that is to
powers, that is to say:-- say:--
(a) power to enter, by himself or any officer (a) power to enter, by himself or any officer authorized
authorized by him for the purpose, upon any land, by him for the purpose, upon any land, and to survey,
and to survey, demarcate and make a map of the demarcate and make a map of the same; and
same; and
(b) the power of a Civil Court in the trial of suits. (b) the power of a Civil Court in the trial of suits.
9. Extinction of rights-- 9. Extinction of rights--
Rights in respect of which no claim has been Rights in respect of which no claim has been preferred .
preferred under section 6, and of the existence of under section 6, and of the existence of which no
which no knowledge has been acquired by inquiry knowledge has been acquired by inquiry under section
under section 7, shall be extinguished, unless, 7, shall be extinguished.
before the notification under section 20, is
published, the person claiming them satisfies the
Forest Settlement-officer that he had sufficient
cause for not preferring such claim within the period
fixed under section 6.
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10. Treatment of claims relating to practice of 10. Treatment of claims relating to practice of
shifting cultivation-- shifting cultivation--
(1) In the case of a claim relating to the practice of (1) In the case of a claim relating to the practice of
shifting cultivation, the Forest Settlement-officer shifting cultivation, the Forest Settlement-officer shall --
shall record a statement setting forth the particulars
of the claim and of any local rule or order under
which the practice is allowed or regulated, and (a) entertain claims to the practice of shifting cultivation
submit the statement to the State Government, in the manner hereinafter provided with reference to the
together with his opinion as to whether the practice forest rights defined and granted under individual or
should be permitted or prohibited wholly or in part. community rights in accordance with to the Scheduled
Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers
(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006.
(b) in all other cases not covered under the Forest

Rights, the Forest Settlement Officer will submit the
statement to the State Government, incorporating the
view points of the presenting officer and Divisional
Forest-officer, together with his own opinion as to
whether the practice should be permitted or prohibited,
wholly or in part.
(2) On receipt of the statement and opinion, the State (2) On receipt of the statement and opinion, the State
Government may make an order permitting or Government may make an order permitting or
prohibiting the practice wholly or in part. prohibiting the practice wholly or in part.
(3) If such practice is permitted wholly or in part, the (3) If such practice is prohibited under sub-section (2),
Forest Settlement-officer may arrange for its the State Government ---
exercise ---
(a) by altering the limits of the land under (a) shall give direction as to the period, not exceeding
settlement so as to exclude land of sufficient extent, five years, by which the practice of shifting cultivation
of a suitable kind, and in a locality reasonably is to be extinguished.
convenient for the purpose of the claimants, or
(b) by causing certain portions of the land under (b) may give directions for the management of such
settlement to be separately demarcated, and giving areas during the proposed period not exceeding five
permission to the claimants to practice shifting years.
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cultivation therein under such conditions as he may

prescribe.
(4) All arrangements made under sub-section (3) shall (4) If such practice is permitted, wholly or in part under
be subject to the previous sanction of the State section (2) then a Forest Settlement-officer shall arrange
Government. for its exercise--
(a) by altering the limits of the land under settlement so

as to exclude land of sufficient extent, of a suitable kind,
and in a locality reasonably convenient for the purpose
of the claimants, or
(b) by causing certain portions of the land under

settlement to be separately demarcated and giving
permission to the claimants to practice shifting
cultivation therein under such conditions as he may
prescribe.
Provided that the practice of shifting cultivation shall

not be permitted on the slopes exceeding thirty degree
and all arrangement made under sub section shall be
subject to the previous sanction of the State
Government.
(5) The practice of shifting cultivation shall in all cases (5) The practice of shifting cultivation shall in all cases
be deemed a privilege to control, restriction and be deemed a privilege to control, restriction and
abolition by the State Government. abolition by the State Government.
11. Power to acquire land over which right is 11. Power to acquire land over which right is
claimed- claimed-
(1) In the case of a claim to a right in or over any land, (1) In the case of a claim to a right in or over any land,
other than a right-of-way or right of pasture, or a other than a right-of-way or right of pasture, or a right to
right to forest-produce or a water-course, the Forest forest-produce or a water-course, the Forest Settlement-
Settlement-officer shall pass an order admitting or officer shall pass an order admitting or rejecting the
rejecting the same in whole or in part. same in whole or in part, after considering the
particulars of such claims and the objection, if any, of
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the presenting officer or the Divisional Forest-officer.
(2) If such claims is admitted in whole or in part, the (2) If such claims is admitted in whole or in part, the
Forest Settlement-officer shall either – Forest Settlement-officer shall either –
(i) exclude such land from the limits of the proposed (i) exclude such land from the limits of the proposed
forest; or forest; or
(ii) come to an agreement with the owner thereof for (ii) come to an agreement with the owner thereof for the
the surrender of his rights; or surrender of his rights; or
(iii) proceed to acquire such land in the manner (iii) proceed to acquire such land in the manner provided
provided by the existing Land Acquisition Act. by the existing Right to Fair Compensation and
Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Act, 2013.
(3) For the purpose of so acquiring such land– (3) For the purpose of so acquiring such land–
(a) the Forest Settlement-officer shall be deemed to (a) the Forest Settlement-officer shall be deemed to be a
be a Collector proceeding under the Land Collector proceeding under the Land Acquisition Act,
Acquisition Act, 1894(1 of 1984). 1894).
(b) the claimant shall be deemed to be a person (b) the claimant shall be deemed to be a person
interested and appearing before him in pursuance of interested and appearing before him in pursuance of a
a notice given under section 9 of that Act; notice given under section 9 of that Act;
(c) the provisions of the preceding section of that (c) the provisions of the preceding section of that Act
Act shall be deemed to have been complied with; shall be deemed to have been complied with; and
and
(d) the Collector, with the consent of the claimant, (d) the Forest Settlement-officer with the free, prior and
or the Court, with the consent of both parties, may informed consent of the claimant, or the Court, with the
award compensation in land, or partly in land and consent of both parties, may award compensation in
partly in money. land, or partly in land and partly in money, but in case
of tribal owner compensation will be awarded only in
land of equal value. This may be subject to provisions of
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existing Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency

in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Act, 2013 but compensation to be accorded based on the
value whichever is higher.
(4) The provisions of sub-section (3) shall apply also

when the Forest Settlement-officer proceeds to acquire
any land in consequence of any order passed on appeal
or revision under existing Right to Fair Compensation
and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation
and Resettlement Act, 2013.
12. Order on claims to rights of pasture or to forest- 12. Order on claims to rights of pasture or to forest-
produce- produce-
In the case of a claim to rights of pasture or to In the case of a claim to rights of pasture or to forest-
forest-produce, the Forest Settlement-officer shall produce, the Forest Settlement-officer shall pass an
pass an order admitting or rejecting the same in order admitting or rejecting the same in whole or in part,
whole or in part. after considering the viewpoint of the presenting officer,
or the Divisional Forest Officer.
Provided that the Forest Settlement-officer shall not

admit any claim, in whole or in part, unless after
considering the evidence provided to him under section
7, he is satisfied that such claim is within the carrying
capacity of the forest.
13. Record to be made by Forest Settlement-officer- 13. Record to be made by Forest Settlement-officer-
The Forest Settlement-officer, when passing any The Forest Settlement-officer, when passing any order
order under section 12, shall record, so far as may under section 12, shall record, so far as may be
be practicable,- practicable,-
(a) the name, father’s name, caste, residence and (a) the name, father’s name, whether scheduled caste or
occupation of the person claiming the right; and scheduled tribe or other backward caste, residence and
occupation of the person claiming the rights; and
(b) the designation, position and area of all fields or (b) the designation, position and area of all fields or
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groups of fields (if any), and the designation and groups of fields (if any), and the designation and
position of all buildings (if any) in respect of which position of all buildings (if any) in respect of which the
the exercise of such rights is claimed. exercise of such rights is claimed.
14. Record where he admits claim- 14. Record where he admits claim-
If the Forest Settlement-officer admits in whole or If the Forest Settlement-officer admits in whole or in
in part any claim under section 12, he shall also part any claim under section 12, he shall also record the
record the extent to which the claim is so admitted, extent to which the claim is so admitted, specifying as
specifying the number and description of the cattle far as, may be practicable –
which the claimant is from time to time entitled to
graze in the forest, the season during which such (a) in case of a right of way, by whom they may be
pasture is permitted, the quantity of timber and other enjoyed, the width of the way, and whether for vehicular
forest-produce which he is from time to time traffic or for persons and cattle only, and the conditions,
authorized to take or receive, and such other if any, attached to such right;
particulars as the case may require. He shall also
record whether the timber or other forest-produce (b) in case of the right of pasture , the number and
obtained by the exercise of the rights claimed may description of cattle which the claimant is, from time to
be sold or bartered. time, entitled to graze in the forest, the season during
which such pasturage is permitted, and any conditions
attached to such right;
(c) in case of forest-produce, the quantity of timber or

other forest-produce, which the claimant is, from time to
time, authorized to take or receive, and whether or not
such forest-produce other than timber or firewood may
be sold or bartered, and such other particulars as may be
necessary in order to define the nature, incident and
extent of the right and manner in which the forest-
produce shall be remove; and
(d) in case of water-course, by whom and for what

purpose the water-course may be utilized and any
condition attached to its use.
15. Exercise of rights admitted- 15. Exercise of rights admitted-
(1) After making such record Forest Settlement-officer (1) After making such record Forest Settlement-officer
shall, to the best of his ability, and having due shall, to the best of his ability, and having due regard to
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regard to the maintenance of the reserved forest in the maintenance of the reserved forest in respect of
respect of which the claim is made, pass such orders which the claim is made, pass such orders as will ensure
as will ensure the continued exercise of the rights so the continued exercise of the rights so admitted.
admitted.
(2) For this purpose the Forest Settlement-officer may- (2) For this purpose the Forest Settlement-officer may-
(a) set out some other forest-tract of sufficient (a) set out some other forest-tract of sufficient extent,
extent, and in a locality reasonably convenient, for and in a locality reasonably convenient, for the purpose
the purpose of such claimants, and record an order of such claimants, and record an order conferring upon
conferring upon them a right of pasture or to forest- them a right of pasture or to forest- produce (as the case
produce (as the case may be) to the extent so may be) to the extent so admitted; or
admitted; or
(b) so alter the limits of the proposed forest as to (b) so alter the limits of the proposed forest as to
exclude forest-land of sufficient extent, and in a exclude forest-land of sufficient extent, and in a locality
locality reasonably convenient, for the purpose of reasonably convenient, for the purpose of the claimants;
the claimants; or or
(c) record an order, continuing to such claimants a (c) subject to sub-section (3) of this section, record an
right of pasture or to forest-produce, as the case may order, continuing to such claimants a right of pasture or
be, to the extent so admitted, at such seasons, within to forest-produce, as the case may be, to the extent so
such portions of the proposed forest, and under such admitted, at such seasons, within such portions of the
rules, as may be made in this behalf by the State proposed forest, and under such rules, as may be made
Government in this behalf by the State Government to ensure the
continuance of such rights subject to the carrying
capacity of the proposed forest in question and
prevention of its over-use; or
(d) record and order, to such claimants a right of way or

a water-course, as the case may be, to the extent so
admitted and provide some other reasonably convenient
right of way or water-course for the purposes of the
claimants.
(3) The Forest Settlement-officer shall not, except with

the prior approval of the State Government admit claims
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to right of pasture or to forest-produce in proposed

forest if –
(a) the claimant is a person of any village or town

which does not have a contiguous boundary with such
forest; or
(b) the claimant is a beneficiary of any village forest or

part thereof, so constituted under Chapter IV of this Act.
16. Commutation of rights- 16. Commutation of rights-
In case the Forest Settlement-officer finds it If, on the representation of the presenting officer, or the
impossible, having due regard to the maintenance of Divisional Forest officer, the Forest Settlement- officer
the reserved forest, to make such settlement under is satisfied that the exercise of any right whether
section 15 as shall ensure the continued exercise of individually or collectively, is inconsistent with the
the said rights to the extent so admitted, he shall, conservation of the proposed reserved forest, he shall
subject to such rules as the State Government may proceed to acquire such right and shall, subject to such
make in this behalf, commute such rights, by the rule, as the State Government may make in this behalf,
payment to such persons of a sun of money in lieu commute such rights by payment to such persons, of a
thereof, or by the grant of land, or in such other sum of money in lieu thereof, or by the grant of land, or
manner as he thinks fit. in such other manner as he thinks fit, to maintain the
social organization of the forest dwelling communities.
16(A). Copy of order passed under section 11,

section 12, section 15 or section 16-
A copy of every order passed under section 11, section

12, section 15 and section 16 shall be furnished to the
claimants in local language by the Forest Settlement-
officer and also to the presenting officer, the Divisional
Forest officer.
17. Appeal from order passed under section 11, 17. Appeal from order passed under section 11,
section 12, section 15 or section 16- section 12, section 15 or section 16-
Any person who has made a claim under this Act, or Any person who has made a claim under this Act, or any
any Forest-officer or other person generally or Forest-officer or other person generally or specially
specially empowered by the State Government in empowered by the State Government in this behalf,
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this behalf, may, within three months from the date may, within three months from the date of the order
of the order passed on such claim by the Forest passed on such claim by the Forest Settlement-officer
Settlement-officer under section 11, section 12, under section 11, section 12, section 15 or section 16,
section 15 or section 16, present an appeal from present an appeal from such order to the Forest Tribunal
such order to such officer of the Revenue as may be established by the State Govt.
Department, of rank not lower than that of a
Collector, as the State Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, appoint to hear
appeals from such orders:
Provided that the State Government may establish a

Court (hereinafter called the Forest Court)
composed of three persons to be appointed by the
State Government, and, when the Forest Court has
been so established, all such appeals shall be
presented to it.
18. Appeal under section 17- 18. Appeal under section 17-
(1) Every appeal under section 17 shall be made by (1) Every appeal under section 17 shall be made by
petition in writing, and may be delivered to the petition in writing, and may be delivered to the Forest
Forest Settlement-officer, who shall forward it Settlement-officer, who shall forward it without delay to
without delay to the authority competent to hear the the Forest Tribunal.
same.
(2) If the appeal be to an officer appointed under

section 17, it shall be heard in the manner prescribed
for the time being for the hearing of appeals in
matters relating to land-revenue.
(3) If the appeal be to the Forest Court the Court shall (2) Forest Tribunal shall fix a day and a convenient
fix a day and a convenient place in the place for hearing the appeal, and shall give notice
neighbourhood of the proposed forest for hearing thereof to the parties, and shall hear such appeal
the appeal, and shall give notice thereof to the accordingly.
parties, and shall hear such appeal accordingly.
(4) The order passed on the appeal by such officer or (3) The order passed on the appeal by the Forest
Court, or by the majority of the members of such Tribunal or by the majority of the members of such
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Court, as the case may be, shall, subject only to Tribunal, as the case may be, shall, subject only to
revision by the State Government, be final. revision by the State Government.
19. Pleaders- 19. Pleaders-
The State Government, or any person who has made The State Government, or any person who has made a
a claim under this Act, may appoint any person to claim under this Act, may appoint any person to appear,
appear, plead and act on its or his behalf before the plead and act on its or his behalf before the Forest
Forest Settlement-officer, or the appellate officer or Settlement-officer, or the Forest Tribunal, in the course
Court, in the course of any inquiry or appeal under of any enquiry or appeal under this Act.
this Act.
20. Notification declaring forest reserved- 20. Notification declaring forest reserved-
(1) When the following events have occurred, namely:- (1) When the following events have occurred, namely:-
(a) the period fixed under section 6 for preferring (a) the period fixed under section 6 for preferring claims
claims has elapsed, and all claims, if any, made has elapsed, and all claims, if any, made under that
under that section or section 9 have been disposed section or section 9 have been disposed of by the Forest
of by the Forest Settlement-officer; Settlement-officer;
(b) if any such claims have been made, the period (b) if any such claims have been made, the period
limited by section 17 for appealing from the orders limited by section 17 for appealing from the orders
passed on such claims has elapsed, and all appeals passed on such claims has elapsed, and all appeals (if
(if any) presented within such period have been any) presented within such period have been disposed of
disposed of by the appellate officer or Court; and by the appellate officer or Court; and
(c) if the period prescribed under sub-section (3) of

section 10 for extinguishing the practice of shifting
cultivation has elapsed;
(c) all lands (if any) to be included in the proposed (d) all lands, building (if any) to be included in the
forest, which the Forest Settlement-officer has, proposed forest, which the Forest Settlement-officer has,
under section 11, elected to acquire under the Land under section 11, elected to acquire under the Right to
Acquisition Act, 1894, have become vested in the Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Government under section 16 of that Act, Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013
have become vested in the Government under section 16
of that Act,
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the State Government shall publish a notification in the State Government shall publish a notification in the
the Official Gazette, specifying definitely, according Official Gazette, specifying definitely, according to
to boundary-marks erected or otherwise, the limits boundary-marks erected or otherwise, the limits of the
of the forest which is to be reserved, and declaring forest/land which is to be reserved, and declaring the
the same to be reserved from a date fixed by the same to be reserved from a date fixed by the
notification. notification.
(2) From the date so fixed such forest shall be deemed (2) From the date so fixed such forest or land shall be
to be a reserved forest. deemed to be a reserved forest and requisite alteration
shall be made in the revenue records and maps. After
notification, such forest/land shall be deemed as
recorded as reserved forest in revenue records for all the
purposes.
21. Publication of translation of such notification in Publication of translation of such notification in

neighbourhood of forest- neighbourhood of forest-
The Forest-officer shall, before the date fixed by The Divisional Forest-officer shall before the date
such notification, cause a translation thereof into the specified in the notification issued under section 20,
local vernacular to be published in every town and cause a translation thereof into the local language to be
village in the neighbourhood of the forest. published at a conspicuous place in every town and
village in the neighbourhood of the reserved forest.
22. Power to revise arrangement made under section 22. Power to revise arrangement made under section
15 or section 18- 15 or section 18-
The State Government may, within five years from The State Government may, within five years from the
the publication of any notification under section 20, publication of any notification under section 20, revise
revise any arrangement made under section 15 or any arrangement made under section 15 or section 18,
section 18, and may for this purpose rescind or and may for this purpose rescind or modify and order
modify and order made under section 15 or section made under section 15 or section 18, and direct that any
18, and direct that any one of the proceedings one of the proceedings specified in section 15 to be
specified in section 15 to be taken in lieu of any taken in lieu of any other of such proceedings, or that
other of such proceedings, or that the rights the rights admitted under section 12 to be commuted
admitted under section 12 to be commuted under under section 16.
section 16.
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22 (A). Recording of individual and community

forest rights recognized and accepted under The
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest
Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006-
(1) The Divisional Forest Officer shall, as soon as may

be practicable, make a record of all the individual and
community rights recognized and accepted in respect of
reserved forest land in his jurisdiction under The
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers
(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. The records
shall include-:
(a) the name, father’s name, caste, whether scheduled

tribe or not, residence and occupation of the person
whose rights are recognized and accepted; and
(b) the designation, position and area of all fields or

groups of fields (if any), and the designation and
position of all buildings (if any), including maps clearly
delineating such areas on revenue and forest maps, in
respect of which such rights are recognized and
accepted.
(2) If, the State Government, after consultation with the

Central Government, is satisfied that the exercise of any
right whether individually or collectively is inconsistent
with the conservation of the proposed reserved forest,
may proceed to acquire such right and shall, subject to
such rule, as the State Government may make in this
behalf, commute such rights by payment to such
persons, of a sum of money in lieu thereof, or by the
grant of land, or in such other manner as it thinks fit, to
maintain the social organization of the forest dwelling
communities; or alternatively set out some other forest-
tract of sufficient extent, and in a locality reasonably
convenient, for the purpose of such forest dwellers, and
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record an order conferring upon them a right of pasture

or to forest-produce, as the case may be, to the extent so
admitted; or so alter the limits of the reserved forest as
to exclude forest-land of sufficient extent, and in a
locality reasonably convenient, for the purpose of the
claimants.
23. No right acquired over reserved forest, except as 23. No right acquired over reserved forest, except as
here provided- here provided-
No right of any description shall be acquired in or No right of any description shall be acquired in or over a
over a reserved forest except by succession or under reserved forest except by succession or under a grant or
a grant or contract in writing made by or on behalf contract in writing made by or on behalf of the
of the Government or some person in whom such Government or by, or on behalf of some person in
right was vested when the notification under section whom such right vested when the notification under
20 was issued. section 20 was published, or by succession from such
person;
Provided that no lease, diversion shall be granted by the

State Government for any land included within the
reserved forest without the prior approval of the Central
Government. Every lease granted without such approval
shall be null and void.
24. Rights not to be alienated without sanction- 24. Rights not to be alienated without sanction-
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 23, (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 23,
no right continued under clause (c) of sub-section no right continued under clause (c) of sub-section (2) of
(2) of section 15 shall be alienated by way of grant, section 15 shall be alienated by way of grant, sale, lease,
sale, lease, mortgage or otherwise, without the mortgage, pledge or otherwise, without the sanction of
sanction of the State Government: the State Government. However, inheritance of such
rights shall be protected.
Provided that, when any such right is appendant to
any land or house, it may be sold or otherwise
alienated with such land or house.
(2) No timber or other forest-produce obtained in (2) No forest-produce obtained in exercise of any such
exercise of any such right shall be sold or bartered right shall be sold or bartered except to such extent as
except to such extent as may have been admitted in may have been admitted in the order recorded under
the order recorded under section 14. section 14 (c).
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(3) Any person selling or bartering any forest produce in

contravention of this provision shall be liable to
punishment prescribed in section 78.
25. Power to stop ways and water-courses in Power to stop ways and water-courses in reserved
reserved forests- forests-
The Forest-officer may, with the previous sanction The Divisional Forest-officer may, with the previous
of the State Government or of any officer duly sanction of the State Government or of any officer duly
authorized by it in this behalf, stop any public or authorized by it in this behalf, stop any public or private
private way or water-course in a reserved forest, way or water-course in a reserved forest, provided that a
provided that a substitute for the way or water- substitute for the way or water-course so stopped, which
course so stopped, which the State Government the State Government deems to be reasonably
deems to be reasonably convenient, already exists, convenient, already exists, or has been provided or
or has been provided or constructed by the Forest- constructed by the Forest-officer in lieu thereof.
officer in lieu thereof.
26. Acts prohibited in such forests- 26. Acts prohibited in such forests-
(1) Any person who – (1) Any person who except for the provisions made for
exercise of the forests rights recognised under the
Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers
(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006,-
(a) makes any fresh clearing prohibited by section 5, (a) makes any fresh clearing prohibited by section 5, or
or encroaches the forest land
(b) sets fire to a reserved forest, or, in contravention (b) sets fire to a reserved forest, or, in contravention of
of any rules made by the State Government in this any rules made by the State Government in this behalf,
behalf, kindles any fire, or leaves any fire burning, kindles any fire, or leaves any fire burning, in such
in such manner as to endanger such a forest; manner as to endanger such a forest;
or who, in a reserved forest– or who, in a reserved forest–
(c) kindles, keeps or carries any fire except at such (c) kindles, keeps or carries any fire except at such
seasons as the Forest-officer may notify in this seasons as the Forest-officer may notify in this behalf;
behalf;
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(d) trespasses or pastures cattle, or permits cattle to (d) trespasses or pastures cattle, or permits cattle to
trespass; trespass;
(e) causes any damage by negligence in felling any (e) causes any damage by negligence in felling any tree
tree or cutting or dragging any timber; or cutting, or dragging, or removal of any timber;
(f) fells, girdles, lops, taps or burns any tree or strips (f) uproots, fells, girdles, lops, taps or burns any tree or
off the bark or leaves from, or otherwise damages, strips off the bark or leaves from, or otherwise damages,
the same; the same;
(g) quarries stone, burns lime or charcoal, or, (g) quarries any major or minor mineral, stones or sand
collects, subjects to any manufacturing process or or burns lime or charcoal, or collects, damages, subject
removes, any forest-produce; to any manufacturing process or removes, forest
produce using heavy machinery;
(h) clears or breaks up any land for cultivation or (h) clears or breaks up any land for cultivation or any
any other purpose; other purpose or cultivates or attempts to cultivate any
land in any other manner or put any shed or other
structure for any purpose or encroaches upon forest or
land or any part thereof in any manner;
(i) in contravention of any rules made in this behalf (i) damages, alters, or removes any wall/boundary
by the State Government hunts, shoots, fishes, wall, pillar, ditch, embankment, fence, hedge,
poisons water or sets traps or snares; or railing, or any structure, temporary or permanent in
nature constructed for demarcation of boundary,
including cairns and kayyalas; or
(j) in any area in which the Elephant’s Preservation

Act, 1879, is not in force, kills or catches elephants
in contravention of any rules so made;
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(j) removes any forest produce without any authority

except under recognised forest rights; or
(k) knowingly receives or has in possession any forest

produce illicitly removed from a reserved forest; or
(l) enters with gun or explosives; or
(m) other than in a Sanctuary or National Park,

feeds, teases, or molests any wild animals;
(n) enters for fishing, poisoning rivers or water

bodies for fishing, or collects fish from the rivers or
any water bodies within, or attempts to do so, except
when such a right has been recognised under the
provisions of the Scheduled Tribes and Other
Rights) Act, 2006;
(o) drives vehicle carelessly and dangerous to wild

animals, or (s) contravenes the provision of clause (b)
or clause (c) of sub-section (1), and sub-section (2) of
section 5;
(p) any act done in exercise of forest rights or by

permission in writing of the forest-officer, or under any
rule made by the State Government;
(q) litters or dumps plastic or any other waste

material on the ground, or poisons or dumps plastic
and other waste material into the water bodies and
streams within or flowing into them, or uses
explosives or uses forest area as dumping ground for
waste and undesirable substances so as to cause
pollution in the forest;
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Shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term Shall be liable to punishment prescribed under section
which may extend to six month, or with fine which 78. In case of offence under clause (1), in addition to
may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both, in such compensation for damages caused to the forest as
addition to such compensation for damage done to the Court may direct to be paid, liable to punishment
the forest as the convicting Court may direct to be prescribed under section 78.
paid.
Provided further that in areas notified under section 4 of

the Act, provisions of clauses (b), (g) & (h) of section 26
(1), shall be applicable and any contravention thereof
shall be liable to punishment prescribed under section
78.
(2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prohibit- (2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prohibit-
(a) any act done by permission in writing of the (a) any act done by permission in writing of the forest-
forest-officer, or under any rule made by the State officer, or under any rule made by the State
Government; or Government; or
(b) the exercise of any right continued under clause (b) the exercise of any right continued under clause (c)
(c) of sub-section (2) of section 15, or created by of sub-section (2) of section 15, or created by grant or
grant or contract in writing made by or on behalf of contract in writing made by or on behalf of the
the Government under section 23. Government under section 23.
(3) Whenever fire is caused willfully or by gross (3) Whenever fire is caused willfully or by gross
negligence in a reserved forest, the State negligence in a reserved forest, or theft of forest produce
Government may (notwithstanding that any penalty or grazing by cattle occur on such a scale as to imperil
has been inflicted under this section) direct that in the regeneration and future yield of such forest, the State
such forest or any portion thereof the exercise of all Government may (notwithstanding that any penalty has
rights of pasture or to forest-produce shall be been inflicted under section 78) direct that in such forest
suspended for such period as it thinks fit. or any portion thereof, the exercise of all rights of
pasture or to forest-produce shall be suspended for such
a period as it may thinks fit.
(4) Where a person contravenes the provisions of clause

(a), clause (g) or clause (h) of sub-section (1), without
prejudice to any other action that may be taken against
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him under other provisions of this Act, a Forest Officer

not below the rank of a Ranger, or a Police-officer not
below the rank of a Sub-Inspector, or a Revenue-officer
not below the rank of Tehsildar, may evict the person
from the forest or that land, pertaining to which the
contravention has taken place and remove any building
or other construction or anything grown or deposited on
it.
(5) Any person aggrieved by any action taken against

him under sub-section (4) may, within thirty days from
the date of such action, appeal to the Divisional Forest
Officer having jurisdiction over the area in which the
property is located and the Divisional Forest Officer
shall, after giving an opportunity to the appellant and
hearing the officer who has taken action under sub-
section (4), pass such order as he may thinks fit,
confirming modifying or annulling such action taken
under sub-section (4).
(6) Where any agricultural or other crop is grown on the

land or any building or other structure is set up in
contravention of sub-section (1), such crop, building or
other structure shall, without prejudice to any other
action that may be taken against the offender under
other provision of this Act, be liable to confiscation or
removal by the order of the Forest-officer not below the
rank of Assistant Conservator of Forests.
27. Power to declare forest no longer reserved- 27. Power to declare forest no longer reserved-
(1) The State Government may, by notification in the (1) The State Government may, by notification in the
Official Gazette, direct that, from a date fixed by Official Gazette, direct that, from a date fixed by such
such notification, any forest or any portion thereof notification, any forest or any portion thereof reserved
reserved under this Act shall cease to be a reserved under this Act shall cease to be a reserved forest;
forest;
Provided that no such notification shall be issued unless

a permission has been obtained from the Central
Government under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.
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(2) From the date so fixed, such forest or portion shall (2) From the date so fixed, such forest or portion shall
cease to be reserved; but the rights (if any) which cease to be reserved; but the rights (if any) which have
have been extinguished therein shall not revive in been extinguished therein shall not revive in
consequence of such cessation. consequence of such cessation.
27(A). Declaring conservation area for carbon

sequestration-
The State Government may, by notification in the

official gazette declare any area as conservation area for
the purpose of enhanced carbon sequestration and such
area shall be brought under active forest management
for enhancing vegetational growth by reforestation and
afforestation.
27 (B). Certain forest deemed to be reserved forest-
The forest areas which have previously been declared as

reserved forests or the process has been initiated to
reserve such forests under any Act shall be deemed to
have been declared as reserved forests or under this Act
with effect from the date of coming into force of this
Act.
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CHAPTER III
Of VILLAGE FORESTS
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment Comments of State/UT Government
1 2 3 4
28. Formation of village-forests- 28.Formation of village-forests-
(1) The State Government may assign to any village- (1) (a) The State Government may constitute any forest-
community the rights of Government to or over any land or waste-land which is the property of Government
land which has been constituted a reserved forest, or over which the Government has proprietary rights as
and may cancel such assignment. All forests so village-forests and modify and amend such constitution
assigned shall be called village-forests. of village-forests.
Provided that such village forest shall exclude those

areas that have already been under the claims of
community under the “The Scheduled Tribes and Other
Rights), Act, 2006.
(b) Such village-forests shall be managed by the

community through Joint Forest Management
Committee by whatever description, constituted in
consultation with Gram Sabha and the Forest
Department, as per the provisions prescribed by the
Rule.
Debate: in consultation with GS and FD or in consent

with GS.
(c) The Joint Forest Management Committee (JFMC)

shall exercise the community forest rights in a
sustainable manner in such village forests and share
benefit commensurate with the efforts of such members
of the JFMCs as may be prescribed by the Rules.
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(d) Power to make rules and/or issue directions:

(i) The State Government may, by notification in the
Official Gazette, make rules or issue directions/orders
for carrying out the provisions of this Chapter of the
Act.
(ii) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality

of the provisions of sub-section (1), such rules may
provide measures with respect to all or any of the
matters which inter alia includes manner of constituting
JFMC; management plan; usufructs and other benefit
sharing mechanism; rights and responsibilities of JFMC
and/or user groups; nature of existing rights either by
law or usage and custom having the force of law;
manner of constituting any specialized user group and/or
district or state level coordinating body, regulatory
functions of the JFMC; financial management including
generation of resources, budget and manner of
utilisation of funds of the JFMC or any user group(s)
constituted under this Chapter; membership of JFMC or
user groups; incentive structures for better functioning
of the JFMC and/or User Groups; setting up of SHGs
and other micro credit enterprises for forest based
activities; grievance redressal mechanism and any other
rule, in so far as they are not inconsistent with
provisions of this Chapter, for furthering sustainable
forest management through community forest
management.
(e) Prior to the notification of the village-forest in

accordance with the clause (a), the State Government, or
an officer authorized by it on this behalf, shall determine
the nature and extent of the rights of the Government or
of private persons or village other than the villages to
whom said forest is to be entrusted for management, and
shall record the same. The village shall be represented
by its Gram Sabha or any other local body such as
village forest committee constituted under section 80B
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of this Act. The said notification of the village forest

shall not be made unless the rights of the other villages,
if any, are either extinguished or where it is not possible,
two or more villages mutually agree to share the
usufructory rights over the area in question and also to
protect and manage the forest in question in accordance
with the provisions of clause (f). Rights of individuals, if
any, shall be either extinguished or recorded and
provided in such manner as may be prescribed in the
rules made for this purpose by the State Government.
(f) The protection, management and other transactions in

relation to village forest shall be the responsibility of the
community and the local body such as the village forest
committee or the Gram Sabha acting as the local body.
The day-to-day management of the village forest may be
done by an executive committee appointed by the local
body.
(g) The Forest officer not below the rank of Assistant

Conservator of Forest may levy a compensation, not
exceeding ten thousand rupees, on any person who
violates any of the provisions of the rules made under
sub-section (2) of section 34.B, section 76 and section
76.A for carrying out the provisions in this Chapter,
provided that when such act or omission also violates
any other provisions of this Act, or the rules made there
under, the local body shall report the matter to the
Forest-officer.
Where the State Government, or an officer authorized

by it on this behalf, is satisfied that the local body or the
residents of the village forest are either unable to protect
the village forest or to abide by the management plan
prescribed for it, the State Government or the authorized
officer, as the case may be, may pass orders for taking
over management of the village forest.
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Provided that the State Government or the authorized

officer, as the case may be, shall hear the villagers or the
local body concerned, as the case may be, prior to
passing such an order.
(h)(i) The State Government shall define the procedure

for registration of Joint Forest Management Committee
and the competent authority for this purpose. The tenure
of the JFMC shall be 5 years.
(ii) The parameters for functioning of JFMCs shall be

defined and the Registration Authority shall monitor
these factors at regular intervals, to be specified by the
State Government.
(iii) Since the State Government is involving

participation of JFMCs in forest management, which is a
public ecological asset and has to be managed on long
term perspective. In case of failure of implementation of
stipulated provisions, conditions, encroachments, illicit
felling, misuse of assets, misappropriation and other
forest and wildlife crimes, etc., the State Government
can appoint the competent authority to cancel the
registration of JFMC.
(iv) In case of cancellation of the registration of JFMC,

it can submit appeal to the Appellate Authority within
60 days of the passing of the order by the Registration
Authority. The Appellate Authority shall pass
appropriate order within the time period of 180 days.
(2) The State Government may make rules for (2) The State Government shall make rules for
regulating the management of village forests, regulating the management of village-forests,
prescribing the conditions under which the prescribing the conditions under which the community
community to which any such assignment is made to which any such assignment is made may be provided
may be provided with timber or other forest-produce with timber or other forest-produce or pasture, and their
or pasture, and their duties for the protection and duties for the protection and improvement of such
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improvement of such forest. forest.
Provided that if the village forest belongs to village

panchayat or community, the condition for providing
timber or other forest produce or pasture to community,
and their duties for the protection, management of such
forest shall be decided by the village panchayat in
consultation with the forest department and local body,
if any. If no such condition is passed by the panchayat,
the conditions prescribed by the State Government shall
be applicable.
The State Government or an officer authorized by the

Government in this regard, may notify the Member(s) of
a JFMC as Honorary Forest Warden who shall have
powers of a Forest Officer according to the rules made
by the State Government in this regard and they shall be
entitled to honorarium as may be determined by the
State Government.
(3) All the provisions of this Act relating to reserved (3) The State Government, may declare application of
forests shall (so far as they are not inconsistent with any or relevant provisions of this Act relating to
the rules so made) apply to village-forests. reserved forests or protected forests to notified village
forests so far as they are not inconsistent with the rules
so made and in the interest of conservation and
sustainable use of such village-forests.
(4) Any contravention of the provisions of this chapter

or rules and regulation made by the State Government
under this chapter and under section 76.A shall be liable
to punishment prescribed in section 78.
"Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, the

powers of the District Council and the Regional Council
to make laws relating to management of any forest not
being a reserved forest and laws regulating the practice
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of jhum or other forms of shifting cultivation, as

provided in Clause 3 of Schedule VI of the Constitution
of India shall remain unaffected and shall continue to be
governed by the said Schedule."
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CHAPTER IV
OF PROTECTED FORESTS
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment Comments of State/UT

Government
1 2 3 4
29. Protected Forests-- 29. Protected Forests--
(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official (1)(a) The State Government may, by notification in the
Gazette, declare the provisions of this Chapter applicable to Official Gazette, declare the provisions of this Chapter
any forest-land or waste-land which is not included in a applicable to any forest-land or waste-land which is not
reserved forest but which is the property of Government, or included in a reserved forest but which is the property of
over which the Government has proprietary rights, or to the Government, or over which the Government has proprietary
whole or any part of the forest-produce of which the rights, or to the whole or any part of the forest-produce of
Government is entitled. which the Government is entitled.
(b) Where the Central Government deems it essential and

expedient to constitute a protected forest and where the State
Government has not constituted such a protected forest, the
Central Government may give directions to the State
Government to constitute such a protected forest within a
prescribed time and to follow the procedure laid down in this
Chapter in this regard.
(c) Where the Central Government deems it necessary to

convey directions for management or protection of contiguous
forests in a landscape approach, the Central Government may
give directions to the State Government to pursue an
integrated and comprehensive method of covering all land use
forms, including protected areas, in a given landscape.
Explanation - The landscape approach will address
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conservation, sustainable use and production as well as other

land-use needs, and will benefit local communities in such
planning and management exercises. A landscape approach
will provide for the protection of ecological stability, ensure
ecosystem services processes that operate on a larger scale
and longer timelines, including acting as buffers to climate
changes.
(2) The forest-land and waste-land comprised in any such (2) The forest or land comprised in any such notification,
notification shall be called a “protected forest”. specifying the situation and limits of the forest or land, shall
be called a ‘protected forest’.
(3) No such notification shall be made unless the nature and (3) No such notification shall be made unless the nature and
extent of the rights of Government and of private persons in extent of the rights of Government and of private persons in
or over the forest-land or waste-land comprised therein have or over the forest-land or waste-land comprised therein have
been inquired into and recorded at a survey or settlement, or been inquired into and recorded at a survey or settlement, or
in such a manner as the State Government thinks sufficient. in such a manner as the State Government thinks sufficient.
Every such record shall be presumed to be correct until the Every such record shall be presumed to be correct until the
contrary is proved: contrary is proved:
Provided that, if in the case of any forest-land or waste-land provided that, if in the case of any land the State Government
the State Government thinks that such inquiry and record are thinks that such inquiry and record are necessary, but that
necessary, but that they will occupy such length of time as in they will occupy such length of time as in the meantime to
the meantime to endanger the rights of Government, the State endanger the forest or biomass productivity or unduly delay
Government may, pending such inquiry and record, declare the ecological revival of such land, the State Government or
such land to be a protected forest, but so as not to abridge or any officer authorized in that behalf, may, pending such
affect any existing rights of individuals or communities inquiry and record, declare such land to be protected forest,
but so as not to abridge or affect any existing rights of
individuals or communities.
Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3), no

claim or right to pasture or to forest-produce shall be admitted
in such protected forest or part thereof, whenever it is
preferred by a person who is a beneficiary of a village forest
or part thereof so constituted under Chapter IV of this Act or
beneficiary of a Joint Forest Management area under this Act.
30. Power to issue notification reserving trees, etc.-- 30. Power to issue notification declaring conservation
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area, reserving trees, etc.
The State Government may, by notification in the Official The State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, -- Gazette,
(a) declare any trees or class of trees in a protected forest to (a) declare any trees or class of trees or any forest produce in
be reserved from a date fixed by the notification; a protected forest to be reserved from a date fixed by the
notification;
(b) declare that any portion of such forest specified in the (b) declare that any portion of such forest specified in the
notification shall be closed for such term, not exceeding notification shall be closed to grazing and removal of any
thirty years, as the State Government thinks fit and that the forest produce for such term as the State Government thinks
rights of private persons, if any, over such portion shall be fit for revival and conservation of the forest and that the rights
suspended during such term, provided that the remainder of of private persons, if any, over such portion shall be
such forest be sufficient, and in a locality reasonably suspended during such term, provided that the remainder of
convenient, for the due exercise of the rights suspended in the such forest or land be sufficient, and in a locality reasonably
portion so closed; or convenient, for the due exercise of the rights suspended in the
portion so closed; or
(c) prohibit, from a date fixed as aforesaid, the quarrying of (c) prohibit, from a date fixed as aforesaid, the quarrying of
stone, or the burning of lime or charcoal, or the collection or any major or minor mineral, quarrying of stone, or the
subjection to any manufacturing process, or removal of, any burning of lime or charcoal, or the collection or subjection to
forest-produce in any such forest, and the breaking up or any manufacturing process, or removal of, any forest-produce
clearing for cultivation, for building, for herding cattle or for in any such forest, and the breaking up or clearing for
any other purpose, of any land in any such forest. cultivation, for building, for herding cattle or for any other
purpose, of any land in any such protected forest.
31. Publication of translation of such notification in 31. Publication of translation of such notification in
neighbourhood- neighbourhood-
The Collector shall cause a translation into the local The Collector or any other officer authorized by the State
vernacular of every notification issued under section 30 to be Government shall cause a translation into the local vernacular
affixed in a conspicuous place in every town and village in of every notification issued under section 30 to be affixed in a
the neighbourhood of the forest comprised in the notification. conspicuous place in every town and village in the
neighbourhood of the forest comprised in the notification.
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32. Power to make rules for protected forests- Power to make rules for protected forests-
The State Government may make rules to regulate the The State Government may make rules to regulate the
following matters, namely:- following matters, namely:-
(a) The cutting, sawing, conversion and removal of trees and (a) The cutting, sawing, conversion and removal of trees and
timber, and the collection, manufacture and removal of timber, and the collection, manufacture and removal of forest-
forest-produce, from protected forests; produce, from protected forests;
(b) the granting of licences to the inhabitants of towns and (b) the granting of licences to the inhabitants of towns and
village in the vicinity of protected forest to take trees, timber village in the vicinity of protected forest to take trees, timber
or other forest-produce for their own use, and the production or other forest-produce for their own use, and the production
and return of such licences by such persons; and return of such licences by such persons;
(c) the granting of licences to persons felling or removing (c) the granting of licences to persons felling or removing
trees or timber or other forest-produce from such forests for trees or timber or other forest-produce from such forests for
the purposes of trade and the production and return of such the purposes of trade and the production and return of such
lincences by such persons; lincences by such persons;
(d) the payments, if any, to be made by the persons (d) the payments, if any, to be made by the persons mentioned
mentioned in clauses (b) and (c) for permission to cut such in clauses (b) and (c) for permission to cut such trees, or to
trees, or to collect and remove such timber or other forest collect and remove such timber or other forest produce;
produce;
(e) the other payment, if any, to be made by them in respect (e) the other payment, if any, to be made by them in respect of
of such trees, timber and produce, and produce, and the such trees, timber and produce, and produce, and the places
places where such payments shall be made; where such payments shall be made;
(f) the examination of forest-produce passing out of such (f) the examination of forest-produce passing out of such
forests; forests;
(g) the clearing and breaking up of land for cultivation or (g) the clearing and breaking up of land for cultivation or
other purposes in such forests; other purposes in such forests;
(h) the protection from fire of timber laying in such forests (h) the protection from fire of timber laying in such forests
and of trees reserved under section 30; and of trees reserved under section 30;
(i) the cutting of grass and pasturing of cattle in such forests; (i) the cutting of grass and pasturing of cattle in such forests;
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(j) hunting, shooting, fishing, poisoning water and setting (j) hunting, shooting, fishing, poisoning water and setting
traps or snares in such forests, and the killing or catching of traps or snares in such forests, and the killing or catching of
elephants in such forests in areas in which the Elephant’s wild animal within the provision of the Wildlife (Protection)
Preservation Act, 1879, is not in force; Act, 1972 as amended from time to time.
(k) the protection and management of any portion of a forest (k) the protection and management of any portion of a forest
closed under section 30; and closed under section 30; and
(l) the exercise of rights referred to in section 29. (l) the exercise of rights referred to in section 29.
33. Penalties for acts in contravention of notification under 33. Penalties for acts in contravention of provisions of this
section 30 or of rules under section 32- chapter (Chapter IV) or the rules made there under-
(1) Any person who commits any of the following offences, (1) Any person who commits any of the following offences,
namely :- namely :-
(a) fells, girdles, lops, taps or burns any tree reserved under (a) fells, girdles, lops, splits, taps, burns, uproots any tree or
section 30, or strips off the bark or leaves from , or otherwise part thereof reserved under section 30 of this Chapter or strips
damages, any such tree; off the bark or leaves from, or otherwise damages a tree
which would jeopardize its growth or exercise or removes any
such tree or other forest-produce therefrom;
(b) contrary to any prohibition under section 30, quarries any (b)(i) mines or quarries any major or minor mineral, or burns
stone, or burns any lime or charcoal, or collects, subjects to any lime or charcoal, or collects, or subjects to manufacturing
any manufacturing process, or removes any forest produce; process;
(ii) mines or quarries any major or minor mineral, or burns

any lime or charcoal, or collects, or subjects to manufacturing
process using heavy machinery
(c) contrary to any prohibition under section 30, breaks up or (c) clears or breaks up for cultivation or any other purpose or
clears for cultivation or any other purpose any land in any cultivates or attempts to cultivate any land in any other
protected forest; manner or put any shed or other structure for any purpose or
encroaches upon forest or land or any part thereof in any
manner;
(d) sets fire to such forest, or kindles a fire without taking all (d) sets fire to protected forest, or kindles a fire without taking
reasonable precautions to prevent its spreading to any tree adequate precautions to prevent its spread;
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reserved under section 30, whether standing, fallen or felled,

or to any closed portion of such forest;
(e) leaves burning any fire kindled by him in the vicinity of (e) leaves burning any fire kindled by him in the forest or in
any such tree or closed portion; close vicinity of such forest;
(f) fells any tree or drags any timber so as to damage any tree (f) fells any tree or drags any timber so as to damage any tree
reserved as aforesaid; reserved as aforesaid;
(g) Permits cattle to damage any such tree; (g) permits cattle to graze in the area closed under clause (b)
of section 30 or causes damage to any forest-produce therein,
through such grazing in such area, or to any tree reserved
under clause (a) of section 30, or to the forest produce
therefrom;
(h) infringes any rule made under section 32; (h) infringes any rule made under clause (c) of sub-section (2)
or section 76. A, or infringes any rule made under section 32;
(i) removes any forest produce without any authority or

infringes any rule made under section 32.
(j) knowingly receives or has in possession any forest produce

illicitly removed from a protected forest;
(k) uses forest area as dumping ground for waste and

undesirable substances so as to cause pollution in the forest
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may shall be, in addition to such compensation for the damages
extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to five caused to the forest as the Court may direct to be paid, liable
hundred rupees, or with both. to punishment prescribed in section 78.
(2) Whenever fire is caused willfully or by gross negligence in a (2) Whenever fire is caused willfully or by gross negligence
protected forest, the State Government may, notwithstanding in a protected forest, or theft of forest produce or grazing of
that any penalty has been inflicted under this section, direct cattle occurs on such a scale to be likely to imperil the future
that in such forest or any portion thereof the exercise of any yield of such forest, the State Government may
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right of pasture or to forest-produce shall be suspended for (notwithstanding that any penalty has been inflicted under
such period as it thinks fit. section 78) direct that in such forest or any portion thereof the
exercise of any right of pasture or to forest-produce shall be
suspended for such period as it may deem fit.
(3) Where a person contravenes the provision of clause (b) or

(c) or (h) of sub-section (l), without prejudice to any other
action that may be taken against such person under the
provisions of this Act, a Forest-officer not below the rank of a
Ranger; or a Revenue-officer not below the rank of a
Tehsildar, may evict the person from the forest or the land,
pertaining to which the contravention has taken place and
remove any building or other construction or anything grown
or deposited on it.
(4) Where any agricultural or other crop is grown on the land

in contravention of clause (c) of sub-section (1) or any
building or other structure is set up on such land, such crop,
building or other structure, notwithstanding any penalty that
may be inflicted for the same under this Act, shall be liable to
confiscation by an order of the Forest-officer not below the
rank of Assistant Conservator of Forests.
(5) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to prohibit any act

done with the permission in writing of the Forest-officer, or in
accordance with the rules made by the State Government
under section 32 or section 76.A; or in exercise of any right,
unless suspended under sub-section (2), or under section 29,
or created by grant or contract in writing made by or on
behalf of the Government.
34. Nothing in this Chapter to prohibit acts done in certain 34. Nothing in this Chapter to prohibit acts done in
cases- certain cases-
Nothing in this Chapter shall be deemed to prohibit any act Nothing in this Chapter shall be deemed to prohibit any act
done with the permission in writing of the Forest-officer, or done with the permission in writing of the Forest-officer, or in
in accordance with the rules made under section 32, or, accordance with the rules made under section 32, or, except
except as regard any portion of a forest closed under section as regard any portion of a forest closed under section 30, or as
30, or as regard any rights the exercise of which has been regard any rights the exercise of which has been suspended
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suspended under section 33, in the exercise of any right under section 33, in the exercise of any right recorded under
recorded under section 29. section 29.
34(A). Power to declare forest no longer protected-
(1) The State Government may by notification in the official

Gazette, direct that, from a date fixed by such notification,
any land or any portion thereof protected under this Act shall
cease to be a protected forest;
Provided that no such notification shall be issued unless a

approval has been obtained from the Central Government or
any other officer so empowered by the Central Government in
this behalf;
Provided further that no such approval shall be granted by or

on behalf of the Central Government for regularization of
unauthorized occupation of any protected forest or portion
thereof, if such occupation is a period after coming into force
of this Act, without prior approval of the Central Government.
(2) From the date so fixed such forest or land or the portion
thereof shall cease to be a protected forest.
(3) Whenever any protected forest or any portion thereof

ceases to be a protected forest by virtue of a notification
issued under sub-section (1), the State Government shall,
constitute other lands equal in area as protected forest in
accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.
(4) The Head of the Forest Department of the State concerned

from time to time but before expiry of every ten years, shall
review as which of the protected forests notified under section
29 need to be constituted as reserved forests and forward his
recommendations in this regard to the State Government. On
receipt of such a proposal, the State Government, within a
period of six months, shall direct either to start proceedings as
per the provisions of Chapter II for constituting a reserved
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forest in such protected forest or part thereof as deemed fit, or

direct the Head of the Forest Department of the State
concerned to review his proposal, in respect of such protected
forest or part thereof as may be considered necessary, and
record the reasons therefore, or decide not to proceed
according to such recommendation for the reasons to be
recorded in this respect;
Provided that whenever the State Government disagrees with

the recommendations of the Head of the Forest Department,
in whole or in part, the reasons therefore shall be forwarded to
the Central Government.
34(B). Certain forest deemed to be protected forest-
The forest areas which have previously been declared as

protected forests under any Act shall be deemed to have
declared as protected forest under this Chapter with effect
from the date of coming into force of this Act subject to the
same rights, privileges or concessions, if any in favour of any
person as were in force immediately before the said date.
Explanation: Any question as to the existence or extent of

any right or concessions referred to in this sub-section shall
be determined by the State Government, whose decision,
given after such enquiry, if any, as it deems fit, shall be final.
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CHAPTER IV A
OF PRODUCTION FORESTS
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment with section(existing/ re-arranged) Comments of State/UT
Government
34(C). Power to notify Production Forest-
(1) The State Government shall notify “Production Forests”

with specific objective for production of timber, pulp,
pulpwood, firewood, Non-timber Forest Produce, medicinal
plants or any forest species to increase production in the
country, for specified period. The area of “production forests”
shall be notified after considering the forest productivity and
privileges of the local communities.
(i) The “production forests” may be notified in reserve forests,

protected forests and unclassed forests.
(ii) The provisions of The Indian Forest (Amendment) Act,

2019; Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980 shall apply to the forest land of
production forests. The forest land of the “production forests”
shall not be mortgaged, pledged or kept as collateral security
or adverse rights cannot be created for raising finances.
(iii)The State Government or Union Territory Administration

may impose the taxes, levies or cess on the forest land of such
“production forests”.
(2) The production forests after the notification under Section

34(C)(1), may be assigned as per the provisions of the Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980 to achieve the specified objective
mentioned in section 34(C)(1) supra.
(3) That after the notification of production forests under

section 34(C)(1), the working plan/working scheme of the
forest area may be modified with the prescriptions to achieve
the specified objectives set for the management. The prior
approval of the Central Government shall be obtained for
operation of working plan/working scheme, before initiating
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action for treatment of forest crop.

CHAPTER IV B
REGULATION OF SHIFTING CULTIVATION AND FOREST LAND DEGRADATION
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment Remarks
1 2 3 4
34(D). Procedure to regulation the practice of shifting
cultivation.
(1) The Central Government, under the powers vested in sub-

section (1) and (2) of section 76 of this Act shall, by
notification, constitute an authority of experts in order to
study in depth the practice of shifting cultivation over forest
areas.
(2) The authority constituted under sub-section (1), shall go

through all the reports available on the shifting cultivation and
based on it make specific studies of the prevalent methods of
shifting cultivation of the practice on merit within one year
from the date of appointment of the authority or such time as
specified by the Central Government. it shall also recommend
the restrictions on the practice for its continuance, wherever
necessary, including the areas where the shifting cultivators
have switched over to settled cultivation.
Provided that no shifting cultivation shall be recommended in

forests which had not been subjected to shifting cultivation in
past twenty years.
(3) The Central Government shall take a decision on the

recommendation of the authority within a period of one year
in consultation with the concerned States and give directions
to them, under the powers vested in sub-section (3) of section
76 of this Act to implement the decision.
(4) The State Government may appoint a State level expert

committee to work out site specific details and mechanism for
the implementation of the direction of the Central
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Government and submit its report within one year from the
date of appointment of the committee or such time as
specified by the State Government whichever is earlier.
(a) the State level expert committee shall also identify portion
of land to be allotted to shifting cultivators for settled
cultivation with improved agricultural practices. The balance
of the area recovered shall primarily be used for forestry
purposes.
(b) wherever the erstwhile shifting cultivation land have been

brought under the settled cultivation, the State level expert
committee shall suggest scientific agricultural practices for
the maintenance of the land productivity and measures to be
taken for soil conservation.
(5) Wherever shifting cultivators shift to the settled

cultivation in forest areas under the restrictions outlined in
sub-section (2) and the provisions of clauses (a) and (b) of
sub-section (4), abandoning the practice of shifting cultivation
in the terrain, the clearance under the Forest (Conservation)
Act, 1980 for the area under settled cultivation may be
considered on the request of the State Government.
(6) The State Government may prohibit or put further

restriction on the practice of shifting cultivation permitted
under sub-section (2), wherever necessary.
(7)Wherever shifting cultivation is permissible with

restrictions under sub-section (2) the State Government may
make rules/regulations, to be followed by the shifting
cultivators, for the implementation of the direction of the
Central Government under sub-section (3) and the decision of
the State Government under sub-sections (4) and (6).
(8) It will be the responsibility of the local body, constituted

and registered under section 80.(B) of this Act or any other
relevant Act of the Central or State Government, to prepare
management plan in consultation of the representative of the
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forest department, for the areas where shifting cultivation is

or was in practice for the purpose of effective control on
shifting cultivation and implementation of rules/regulations
made by the State Government, so prepared under sub-section
(7) in this regard.
(a) in areas where no local body has been constituted and

registered as referred to in sub-section (8), the forest
department shall be responsible to prepare the management
plan referred to in sub-section (8).
(b) the management plan so prepared either under sub-section

(8) or clause (a) of sub-section (8) shall be approved by the
Conservator of Forests of the concerned circle in consultation
with the district Collector.
(9) The management plan shall be implemented jointly by the

local body as referred to in sub-section (8) and the forest
department;
Provided where such local body does not exist, the

management plan shall be implemented by the forest
department.
(10) Any contravention of the provisions of this chapter or the

rules made under sub-section (7), shall be punishable under
the provisions specified in section 78.
34(E). Power to make regulation to prevent forest land

degradation and combat desertification-
Central Government and State Government shall take all

measures to prevent forest land degradation and combat
desertification.
Specific Working Plan/Management Plan/Action Plan shall

be prepared by the State Government in consultation with
Central Government to address causality, reasons and thereby
improvement, enhancement of such areas. This may include
assessing the ecological stability, susceptibility to climate
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change, identifying critical water catchment and forest areas

prone to desertification and devise consequent mitigation
measures to combat desertification and forest degradation.
The Central Government or State Government may constitute

such authority as it may deem fit to carry out purposes of this
section.
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CHAPTER V
OF THE CONSERVATION OF FORESTS AND LANDS NOT BEING THE PROPERTY OF GOVERNMENT
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment with section Comments of State/UT
Government
1 2 3 4
OF THE CONTROL OVER FORESTS AND LANDS OF THE CONSERVATION OF FORESTS AND LANDS
NOT BEING THE PROPERTY OF GOVERNMENT- NOT BEING THE PROPERTY OF GOVERNMENT
35. Protection of forests for special purposes. 35. Conservation of forests and lands not owned by
Government.
(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official (1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, regulate or prohibit in any forest or waste-land --- Gazette, regulate or prohibit in any forest or land not being
the property of such government or over which it has no
proprietary rights.
(a) the breaking up or clearing of land for cultivation; (a) the breaking up or clearing of land for cultivation or any
other purpose;
(b) the pasturing of cattle; or (b) the pasturing of cattle; or
(c) the firing or clearing of the vegetation, (c) setting fire to vegetation; clear felling or over-exploitation
which endangers such forest or land,
when such regulation or prohibition appears necessary for when such regulation or prohibition appears necessary for
any of the following purposes:- any of the following purposes:-
(i) for protection against storms, winds, rolling stones, floods (i)for protection against storms, cyclones, tidal, waves, winds,
and avalanches; rolling stones, floods and avalanches;
(ii) for the preservation of the soil on the ridges and slopes (ii)for the preservation of the soil on the ridges and slopes and
and in the valleys of hilly tracts, the prevention of landslips in the valleys of hilly tracts, watercourses, wetlands, the
or of the formation of ravines and torrents, or the protection prevention of landslips or of the formation of ravines and
of land against erosion, or the deposit thereon of sand, stones torrents, or the protection of land against erosion, or the
or gravel; deposit thereon of sand, stones or gravel or preventing the
advancement of desertification;
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(iii) for the maintenance of a water-supply in springs, rivers (iii)for the maintenance of a water-supply in springs, rivers
and tanks; and tanks; irrigation works, reservoirs and hydroelectric
works;
(iv) for the protection of roads, railways and other lines of (iv) for the protection of roads, railways and other lines of
communication; communication;
(v) for the preservation of the public health (v) for the preservation of the public health., and for
preventing destruction of forests and land and for promoting
conservation, development and sustainable use of the same;
(vi) for safeguarding grazing areas of cattle and the habitat of

wildlife;
(vii) for preservation of tree groves associated with religious

sentiments of places of workshop.
(2) The State Government may, for any such purpose, construct (2) The State Government may, for any such purpose,
at its own expense, in or upon any forest or waste-land, such construct at its own expense, in or upon any forest or land,
work as it think fit. such work as it think fit.
(3) No notification shall be made under sub-section (1) nor shall (3) No notification shall be made under sub-section (1) nor
any work be begun under sub-section (2), until after the issue shall any work be begun under sub-section (2), until after the
of a notice to the owner of such forest or land calling on him issue of a notice to the owner of such forest or land calling on
to show cause, within a reasonable period to be specified in him to show cause, within a reasonable period to be specified
such notice, why such notification should not be made or in such notice, why such notification should not be made or
work constructed, as the case may be, and until his work constructed, as the case may be, and until his objections,
objections, if any, and any evidence he may produce in if any, and any evidence he may produce in support of the
support of the same, have been heard by an officer duly same, have been heard by an officer duly appointed in that
appointed in that behalf and have been considered by the behalf and have been considered by the State Government.
State Government.
(4) All objections filed by the owner or the claimant, as the

case may be, under sub-section (2) together with the findings
of the authorized officer relating thereto, shall be referred to
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the State Government for orders. On receipt of such reference,

and after hearing such further causes as the owner or the
claimant may have to show, the State Government shall pass
orders as it deems fit.
(5) If any case in which the order under sub-section (1) is, in
the opinion of the State Government, likely to disturb
substantially the owner’s rights in the forest or land, to which
such order or action relates, the State Government shall award
to such owner or claimant such compensation as it may deem
equitable;
Provided that any compensation so paid shall be deducted

from the amount payable to the owner under the provision of
the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (Act I of 1894), in the event
of action being taken under the provision of section 37, or the
profits payable under section 36, as the case may be.
(6) All the notices or orders or requisitions referred to in this

chapter shall be served on the owner in the manner provided
in the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, for the service of
summons and shall also be published in the manner
prescribed for this purpose. When a notice, order or
requisition has been served or published as aforesaid, any
person acquiring thereafter the right or ownership to the forest
or land, shall be bound by the notice as it had been served on
him as an owner and he shall accordingly comply with the
order, notice, requisition and notification.
(7) Any person contravening any of the provisions of

notification issued under sub-section (1) shall, be liable to
36. Power to assume management of forests- 36. Power to assume management of forests-
(1) In case of neglect of, or willful disobedience to, any (1) Whenever it appears to the State Government that the
regulation or prohibition under section 35, or if the purpose taking over of the management of any particular forest or land
of any work to be constructed under that section so require, is necessary or expedient in public interest, particularly with
the State Government may, after notice in writing to the a view to ensure its conservation; or in case of neglect of, or
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owner of such forest or land and after considering his willful disobedience to, any regulation or prohibition under
objections, if any, place the same under the control of a section 35 (notwithstanding any punishment that may have
Forest-officer, and may declare that all or any of the been imposed for the same under section 78), the State
provisions of this Act relating to reserved forests shall apply Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, take
to such forest or land. over management of such forest or land for all or any of the
said purposes for such period as may be specified in the
notification and place the same under the control of a Forest-
officer.
(2) The net profits, if any, arising from the management of such (2) No notification under sub-section (1) shall be issued until-
forest of land shall be paid to the said owner.
(a) after the issue of a notice by the Divisional Forest-officer
to the owner of the forest or land, affording him reasonable
opportunity to show cause within a period of not less than
sixty days from the date of service of the notice on him to be
specified in such notice that why management of such forest
or land specified therein be not taken over; and
(b) objections, if any, have been heard and disposed of by the

authorized officer in accordance with the procedures laid
down by the State Government in this regard.
(3) The management of forest or land, by the State

Government shall be deemed to commence from the date of
publication of the notification under sub-section (1) in the
Official Gazette. State Government may declare in such
notification, for the purpose of its protection and
management, that all or any of the provisions of this Act
relating to reserved forests shall apply to such forest or land
or part thereof, or to any forest produce there from.
(4)(a) The State Government shall, during the period of

management of forest or land by it, pay compensation to the
owner at prescribed interval, which shall either be an annuity
mutually agreed or the aggregate of the net profits, if any,
accruing from the working and management of such forest or
land.
(b) the rules prescribing the procedure for working out the net
profit and payment will be notified by the State Government
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36(A). Consequences of assumption of management-
On the assumption of management of any forest or land by

the State Government under section 36, the following
consequences shall issue –
(1)
(1) All legal proceedings pending, and all processes,
executions and attachments in force in respect of debts and
liabilities enforceable against the forest or land or any part
thereof shall be suspended, and so long as the management by
the State Government continues, no fresh proceedings,
executions, or attachments shall be instituted, issued, enforced
or executed in respect thereof;
(2) So long the management of forest or land by the State

Government continues, the owner or any person having any
right on such forest or land, shall not be competent –
(a) to enter into any contract with respect to such forest or

land;
(b) to mortgage, charge, lease or alienate the forest or land or

any part thereof or any forest produce therefrom;
(c) to grant valid receipts of the rents or profits arising or

accruing therefrom.
(3) Subject to the orders of the State Government, no person

other than Forest-officer placed in charge of the forest or land,
shall, during the period of management by the State
Government, be competent to do acts referred to in clauses
(a), (b) and (c) of sub-section (2).
(4) Subject to the orders of the State Government, the Forest-

officer placed in-charge of the forest or land shall, during
period of management of the same, have all the powers which
the owner thereof might have exercised for the purpose of
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management and shall receive and recover all rents and

profits due in respect of such forest or land under
management and for the said purpose, the Forest-officer shall
be competent to exercise any power which he can exercise in
respect of a reserved forest or any other provision under this
Act.
37. Expropriation of forests in certain cases- 37. Expropriation of forests in certain cases-
(1) In any case under this Chapter in which the State (1) In any case under this Chapter in which the State
Government considers that, in lieu of placing the forest or Government considers that, in lieu of placing the forest or
land under the control of a Forest-officer, the same should be land under the control of a Forest-officer, the same should be
acquired for public purposes, the State Government may acquired for public purposes, the State Government may
proceed to acquire it in the manner provided by the Land proceed to acquire it in the manner provided by the Land
Acquisition Act, 1894. Acquisition Act, 1894.
(2) The owner of any forest or land comprised in any notification (2) The owner or the majority of owners, as the case may be,
under section 35 may, at any time not less than three or more of any forest or land comprised in any notification under
than twelve years from the date thereof, require that such section 35 may, at any time, require that such forest or land
forest or land shall be acquired for public purposes, and the shall be acquired for public purposes, and the State
State Government shall acquire such forest or land Government shall acquire such forest or land accordingly.
accordingly.
38. Protection of forests at request of owners- 35. Protection of forests at request of owners-
(1) The owner of any land or, if there be more than one owner The owner of any land or, if there be more than one owner
thereof, the owners of shares therein amounting in the thereof, the owners of majority of shares therein may, with a
aggregate to at least two-thirds thereof may, with a view to view to the formation or conservation of such forest or land ,
the formation or conservation of forests thereon, represent in represent in writing to the Divisional Forest-officer their
writing to the Collector their desire- desire-
(a) that such land be managed on their behalf by the Forest- (a) that such land be managed on their behalf by the Forest-
officer as a reserved or a protected forest on such terms as officer as a reserved or a protected forest on such terms as
may be mutually agreed upon; or may be mutually agreed upon; or
(b) that all or any of the provisions of this Act be applied to (b) that all or any of the provisions of this Act be applied to
such land. such land.
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(2) In either case, the State Government may, by notification in (2) In either case, the State Government may by notification
the Official Gazette, apply to such land such provisions of in the Official Gazette, apply to such forest or land such
this Act as it thinks suitable to the circumstances thereof and provision of this Act as it thinks suitable to the circumstances
as may be desired thereof and may be desired by the applicant(s).
by the applicants
38(A). Prohibiting felling, cutting, damaging, destroying
any class of trees in any urban or rural area-
Subject to the provisions contained in section 38(A), and save

as provided in section 40.F, the State Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, prohibit or restrict from .
the date specified in such notification, cutting, damaging,
destroying, felling or removing any class or kind of trees or
all the trees in any urban area or any particular part of rural
area other than a reserved, protected and village forest, except
under the provisions made in this Chapter or any rules made
there under.
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CHAPTER VI
OF THE DUTY ON TIMBER AND OTHER FOREST-PRODUCE
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment with section. Comments of State/UT
Government
1 2 3 4
39. Power to impose duty on timber and other forest- 39. Power to impose duty on timber and other forest-
produce- produce.
(1) The Central Government may levy a duty in such manner, at (1) The Central Government and the State Government in .
such places and at such rates as it may declare by notification their respective jurisdiction may levy a duty in such manner,
in the Official Gazette on all timber or other forest-produce– at such places and at such rates as it may declare by
notification in the Official Gazette on all timber or other
forest-produce–
(a) which is produced in the territories to which this Act (a) which is produced in the territories to which this Act
extends, and in respect of which the Government has any extends, and in respect of which the Government has any
right; right;
(b) which is brought from any place outside the territories to (b) which is brought from any place outside the territories to
which this Act extends. which this Act extends.
(2) In every case in which such duty is directed to be levied ad (2) In every case in which such duty is directed to be levied
valorem, the Central Government may fix by like notification ad valorem, the Central Government may fix by like
the value on which such duty shall be assessed. notification the value on which such duty shall be assessed.
(3) All duties on timber or other forest-produce which, at the (3) All duties on timber or other forest-produce which, at the
time when this Act comes into force in any territory, are time when this Act comes into force in any territory, are
levied therein under the authority of the State Government, levied therein under the authority of the State Government,
shall be deemed to be and to have been duly levied under the shall be deemed to be and to have been duly levied under the
provisions of this Act. provisions of this Act.
(4) Notwithstanding anything in this section, the State (4) Notwithstanding anything in this section, the State
Government may, until provision to the contrary is made by Government may, until provision to the contrary is made by
Parliament, continue to levy any duty which it was lawfully Parliament, continue to levy any duty which it was lawfully
levying before the commencement of the Constitution, under levying before the commencement of the Constitution, under
this section as then in force: this section as then in force:
Provided that nothing in this sub-section authorities the levy Provided that nothing in this sub-section authorities the levy
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of any duty which as between timber or other forest-produce of any duty which as between timber or other forest-produce
of the State and similar produce of the locality outside the of the State and similar produce of the locality outside the
State, discriminates in favour of the former, or which, in the State, discriminates in favour of the former, or which, in the
case of timber or other forest-produce of localities outside the case of timber or other forest-produce of localities outside the
State, discriminates between timber or other forest-produce State, discriminates between timber or other forest-produce of
of one locality and similar timber or other forest-produce of one locality and similar timber or other forest-produce of
another locality. another locality.
39(A). Levy of cess in respect of forest produce disposed of
by the State Government.
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or the

provisions of any other Act the State Government, may levy a
cess, hereinafter called forest development cess, at a rate not
exceeding ten percent of the value assessed of the mining
products removed from the forests and water used for
irrigation or in industries or the amount of consideration paid
therefor.
(2) The forest development cess when levied shall be

collected along with such other consideration from such date
and at such rate as the State Government may declare by a
notification in the Official Gazette.
(3) The said forest development cess shall be in addition to,

and not in lieu of, any duty or tax payable in respect of such
produce under any law in force.
(4) The amount received as forest development cess shall be

deposited in a special fund and the amount so received shall
be used exclusively for reforestation; forest protection and
other ancillary purpose connected with the tree planting,
forest development and conservation.
40. Limit not to apply to purchase-money or royalty- 40. Limit not to apply to purchase-money or royalty-
Nothing in this Chapter shall be deemed to limit the amount, Nothing in this Chapter shall be deemed to limit the amount,
if any, chargeable as purchase-money or royalty on any if any, chargeable as purchase-money or royalty on any
timber or other forest-produce, although the same is levied on timber or other forest-produce, although the same is levied on
such timber or produce while in transit, in the same manner such timber or produce while in transit, in the same manner as
as duty is levied. duty is levied.
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CHAPTER VII
OF THE CONTROL OF TRADE, POSSESSION AND TRANSIT OF TIMBER AND OTHER FOREST-PRODUCE AND ITS PROCESSING

Government
1 2 3 4
OF THE CONTROL OF TIMBER AND OTHER OF THE CONTROL OF TRADE, POSSESSION AND
FOREST-PRODUCE IN TRANSIT TRANSIT OF TIMBER AND OTHER FOREST-
PRODUCE AND ITS PROCESSING
41. Power to make rules to regulate transit of forest-produce- 41. Power to make rules to regulate transit of forest-
produce-
(1) The control of all rivers and their banks as regards the (1) The control of all rivers and their banks as regards the
floating of timber, as well as the control of all timber and floating of timber, as well as the control of all timber and
other forest-produce in transit by land or water, is vested in other forest-produce in transit by land or water, is vested in
the State Government, and it may make rules to regulate the the State Government, and it may make rules to regulate the
transit of all timber and other forest-produce. transit of all timber and other forest-produce.
(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the (2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the
foregoing power such rules may- foregoing power such rules may-
(a) prescribe the routes by which alone timber or other forest- (a) prescribe the routes by which alone timber or other forest-
produce may be imported, exported or moved into, from or produce may be imported, exported or moved into, from or
within the State. within the State.
(b) prohibit the import or export or moving of such timber or (b) prohibit the import or export or moving of such timber or
other produce without a pass from an officer duly authorized other produce without a pass from an officer duly authorized
to issue the same, or otherwise than in accordance with the to issue the same, or otherwise than in accordance with the
conditions of such pass; conditions of such pass;
(c) provide for the issue, production and return of such passes (c) provide for the issue, production and return of such passes
and for the payment of fees therefore; and for the payment of fees therefore;
(d) provide for the stoppage, reporting, examination and (d) provide for the stoppage, reporting, examination and
marking of timber or other forest-produce in transit, in marking of timber or other forest-produce in transit, in respect
respect of which there is reason to believe that any money is of which there is reason to believe that any money is payable
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payable to the Government on account of the price thereof, or to the Government on account of the price thereof, or on
on account of any duty, fee, royalty or charge due thereon, or, account of any duty, fee, royalty or charge due thereon, or, to
to which it is desirable for the purposes of this Act to affix a which it is desirable for the purposes of this Act to affix a
mark; mark;
(e) provide for the establishment and regulation of depots to e) provide for the establishment and regulation of depots to
which such timber or other produce shall be taken by those which such timber or other produce shall be taken by those in-
in-charge of it for examination, or for the payment of such charge of it for examination, or for the payment of such
money, or in order that such marks may be affixed to it; and money, or in order that such marks may be affixed to it; and
the conditions under which such timber or other produce the conditions under which such timber or other produce shall
shall be brought to, stored at and removed from such depots; be brought to, stored at and removed from such depots;
(f) prohibit the closing up or obstructing of the channel or (f) prohibit the closing up or obstructing of the channel or
banks of any river used for the transit of timber or other banks of any river used for the transit of timber or other
forest-produce, and the throwing of grass, brushwood, forest-produce, and the throwing of grass, brushwood,
branches or leaves into any such river or any act which may branches or leaves into any such river or any act which may
cause such river to be closed or obstructed; cause such river to be closed or obstructed;
(g) provide for the prevention or removal of any obstruction (g) provide for the prevention or removal of any obstruction
of the channel or banks of any such river, and for recovering of the channel or banks of any such river, and for recovering
the cost of such prevention or removal from the person whose the cost of such prevention or removal from the person whose
acts or negligence necessitated the same; acts or negligence necessitated the same;
(h) prohibit absolutely or subject to conditions, within (h) prohibit absolutely or subject to conditions, within
specified local limits, the establishment of saw-pits, the specified local limits, the establishment of saw-pits, the
converting, cutting, burring, concealing or making of timber, converting, cutting, burring, concealing or making of timber,
the altering or effacing of any marks on the same, or the the altering or effacing of any marks on the same, or the
possession or carrying of marking hammers or other possession or carrying of marking hammers or other
implements used for marking timber; implements used for marking timber;
(i) regulate the use of property marks for timber, and the (i) regulate the use of property marks for timber, and the
registration of such marks; prescribe the time for which such registration of such marks; prescribe the time for which such
registration shall hold good; limit the number of such marks registration shall hold good; limit the number of such marks
that may be registered by any one person, and provide for the that may be registered by any one person, and provide for the
levy of fees for such registration. levy of fees for such registration.
(j) prohibit or regulate the felling, cutting, burning of timber

in hilly areas to regulate unchecked felling of timber in
ecologically sensitive hill states.
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(k)regulating by grant of licenses within specified limits, such

felling, cutting, and burning of timber in hill states, and
prescribe guidelines subject to which such licenses may be
granted”.
(3) The State Government may direct that any rule made under (3) The State Government may direct that any rule made
this section shall not apply to any specified class of timber or under this section shall not apply to any specified class of
other forest-produce or to any specified local area. timber or other forest-produce or to any specified local area.
41A. Powers of Central Government as to movements of 41(A). Powers of Central Government as to movements of
timber across customs frontiers- timber across customs frontiers-
Notwithstanding anything in section 41, the Central Notwithstanding anything in section 41, the Central
Government may make rules to prescribe the route by which Government may make rules:
alone timber or other forest produce may be imported,
exported or moved into or from the territories to which this
Act extends across any customs frontier as defined by the
Central Government, and any rules made under section 41
shall have effect subject to the rules made under this section.
(a) to prescribe the route by which alone timber or other
forest-produce may be imported, exported or moved into or
from territories to which this Act extends across any customs
frontier as defined by the Central Government, and any rules
made under section 41 shall have effect subject to the rules
made under this section.
(b) To make rules to regulate the movement of timber or other

forest-produce, as may be specified by a notification in
Official Gazette, from time to time, from one State to another.
41(B). Restrictions on transporters.
Subject to the provisions contained in section 38.A, no

transporter shall accept from any person timber or any forest-
produce for transport by land, water or air, in contravention of
the provisions of this Act.
42. Penalty for breach of rules made under section 41. Penalty for breach of rules made under this Chapter
(1) The State Government may by such rules prescribe as Whosoever contravenes any of the provisions contained in
penalties for the contravention thereof imprisonment for a section 41, 41.A or 41.B or any rule made there under shall be
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term which may extend to six months, or fine which may liable to punishment under section 78.
extend to five hundred rupees, or both.
(2) Such rules may provide that penalties which are double of (2) Such rules may provide that penalties which are double of
those mentioned in sub-section (1) may be inflicted in cases those mentioned in sub-section (1) may be inflicted in cases
where the offence is committed after sunset or before sunrise, where the offence is committed after sunset or before sunrise,
or after preparation for resistance to lawful authority, or or after preparation for resistance to lawful authority, or
where the offender has been previously convicted of a like where the offender has been previously convicted of a like
offence. offence.
43. Government and Forest-officers not liable for damage to 43. Government and Forest-officers not liable for damage
forest-produce at depot- to forest-produce at depot-
The Government shall not be responsible for any loss or The Government shall not be responsible for any loss or
damage which may occur in respect of any timber or other damage which may occur in respect of any timber or other
forest-produce while at a depot established under a rule made forest-produce while at a depot established under a rule made
under section 41, or while detained elsewhere, for the under section 41, or while detained elsewhere, for the
purposes of this Act; and no Forest-officer shall be purposes of this Act; and no Forest-officer shall be
responsible for any such loss or damage, unless he causes responsible for any such loss or damage, unless he causes
such loss or damage negligently, maliciously or fraudulently, such loss or damage negligently, maliciously or fraudulently
44. All persons bound to aid in case of accident at depot- 44. All persons bound to aid in case of accident at depot-
In case of any accident or emergency involving danger to any (1) In case of any accident or emergency involving danger to
property at any such depot, every person employed at such any property at any such depot, station or premises of the
depot, whether by the Government or by any private person, manufacturing unit or saw mill, every person employed at
shall render assistance to any Forest-officer or Police-officer depot, station or premises of the processing unit or saw mill,
demanding his aid in averting such danger or securing such as the case may be, whether by the Government or by any
property from damage or loss. private person, shall render assistance to any Forest-officer or
Police-officer demanding his aid in averting such danger or
securing such property from damage or loss.
(2) Any person contravening provisions of sub-section (1)

shall be liable to punishment prescribed in section 78.
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CHAPTER VIII
OF THE COLLECTION OF DRIFT AND STRANDED TIMBER

Government
1 2 3 4
45 Certain kinds of timber to be deemed property of 45. Certain kinds of timber to be deemed property of
Government until title thereto proved, and may be Government until title thereto proved, and may be collected
collected accordingly- accordingly-
(1) All timber found adrift, beached, stranded or sunk; (1) All timber found adrift, beached, stranded or sunk;
all wood or timber bearing marks which have not been all wood or timber bearing marks which have not been registered
registered in accordance with the rules made under section in accordance with the rules made under section 41, or on which
41, or on which the marks have been obliterated, altered or the marks have been obliterated, altered or defaced by fire or
defaced by fire or otherwise; and otherwise; and
in such areas as the State Government directs, all unmarked in such areas as the State Government directs, all unmarked wood
wood and timber; and timber;
shall be deemed to be the property of Government, unless shall be deemed to be the property of Government, unless and
and until any person establishes his right and title thereto, until any person establishes his right and title thereto, as provided
as provided in this Chapter. in this Chapter.
(2) Such timber may collected by any Forest-officer or other (2) Such timber may be collected by any Forest-officer or other
person entitled to collect the same by virtue of any rule person entitled to collect the same by virtue of any rule made
made under section 51, and may be brought to any depot under sections 51, 76 and 76.A, and may be brought to any depot
which the Forest-officer may notify as a depot for the which the Forest-officer may notify as a depot for the reception of
reception of drift timber. drift timber.
(3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official (3) The State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, exempt any class of timber from the provisions of Gazette, exempt any class of timber from the provisions of this
this section. section.
46. Notice to claimants of drift timber- 46. Notice to claimants of drift timber-
Public notice shall from time to time be given by the Public notice shall from time to time be given by the Forest-
Forest-officer of timber collected under section 45. Such officer of timber collected under section 45. Such notice shall
notice shall contain a description of the timber, and shall contain a description of the timber, and shall require any person
require any person claiming the same to present to such claiming the same to present to such officer, within a period not
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officer, within a period not less than two months from the less than two months from the date of such notice, a written
date of such notice, a written statement of such claim. statement of such claim.
47. Procedure on claim preferred to such timber- 47. Procedure on claim preferred to such timber-
(1) When any such statement is presented as aforesaid, the (1) When any such statement is presented as aforesaid, the Forest-
Forest-officer may, after making such inquiry as he thinks officer may, after making such inquiry as he thinks fit, either
fit, either reject the claim after recording his reasons for so reject the claim after recording his reasons for so doing, or deliver
doing, or deliver the timber to the claimant. the timber to the claimant.
(2) If such timber is claimed by more than one person, the (2) If such timber is claimed by more than one person, the Forest-
Forest-officer may either deliver the same to any of such officer may either deliver the same to any of such person whom he
person whom he deems entitled there to, or may refer deems entitled there to, or may refer claimants to the Civil Courts,
claimants to the Civil Courts, and retain the timber pending and retain the timber pending the receipt of an order from any
the receipt of an order from any such Court for its disposal. such Court for its disposal.
(3) Any person whose claim has been rejected under this (3) Any person whose claim has been rejected under this section
section may, within three months from the date of such may, within three months from the date of such rejection, institute
rejection, institute a suit to recover possession of the timber a suit to recover possession of the timber claimed by him; but no
claimed by him; but no person shall recover any person shall recover any compensation or costs against the
compensation or costs against the Government, or against Government, or against any Forest-officer, on account of such
any Forest-officer, on account of such rejection, or the rejection, or the detention or removal of any timber, or the
detention or removal of any timber, or the delivery thereof delivery thereof to any other person under this section.
to any other person under this section.
(4) No such timber shall be subject to process of any Civil, (4) No such timber shall be subject to process of any Civil,
Criminal or Revenue Court until it has been delivered, or a Criminal or Revenue Court until it has been delivered, or a suit
suit has been brought, as provided in this section. has been brought, as provided in this section.
(5) Where the matter is pending before a court under this section,
the Divisional Forest-officer may, with the permission of the
Court, instead of retaining the timber under sub-section (2), sell
the timber in public auction and remit the proceeds in nearest
Government Treasury. The Court may deal with as if it had not
been sold.
48. Disposal of unclaimed timber- 48. Disposal of unclaimed timber-
If no such statement is presented as aforesaid, or if the If no such statement is presented as aforesaid, or if the claimant
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claimant omits to prefer his claim in the manner and within omits to prefer his claim in the manner and within the period fixed
the period fixed by the notice issued under section 46, or by the notice issued under section 46, or on such claim having
on such claim having been so preferred by him and having been so preferred by him and having been rejected, omits to
been rejected, omits to institute a suit to recover possession institute a suit to recover possession of such timber within the
of such timber within the further period fixed by section further period fixed by section 47, the ownership of such timber
47, the ownership of such timber shall vest in the shall vest in the Government, or, when such timber has been
Government, or, when such timber has been delivered to delivered to another person under section 47, in such other person
another person under section 47, in such other person free free from all encumbrances not created by him.
from all encumbrances not created by him.
49. Government and its officers not liable for damage to 49. Government and its officers not liable for damage to such
such timber- timber-
The Government shall not be responsible for any loss or The Government shall not be responsible for any loss or damage
damage which may occur in respect of any timber collected which may occur in respect of any timber collected under section
under section 45, and no Forest officer shall be responsible 45, and no Forest officer shall be responsible for any such loss or
for any such loss or damage, unless he causes such loss or damage, unless he causes such loss or damage negligently,
damage negligently, maliciously or fraudulently. maliciously or fraudulently.
50. Payments to be made by claimant before timber is 50. Payments to be made by claimant before timber is
delivered to him- delivered to him-
No person shall be entitled to recover possession of any No person shall be entitled to recover possession of any timber
timber collected or delivered as aforesaid until he has paid collected or delivered as aforesaid until he has paid to the Forest-
to the Forest-officer or other person entitled to receive it officer or the person entitled to receive it such sum on account
such sum on account thereof as may be due under any rule thereof as may be due under any rule made under section 51, 76
made under section 51. and 76.A.
51. Power to make rules and prescribe penalties- 51. Power to make rules and prescribe penalties-
(1) The State Government may make rules to regulate the The State Government may make rules to regulate the following
following matters, namely:--- matters, namely:---
(a) the salving, collection and disposal of all timber (a) the salving, collection and disposal of all timber mentioned in
mentioned in section 45; section 45;
(b) the use and registration of boats used in salving and (b) the use and registration of boats used in salving and collecting
collecting timber; timber;
(c) the amounts to be paid for salving, collecting, moving, (c) the amounts to be paid for salving, collecting, moving, storing
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storing or disposing of such timber; and or disposing of such timber; and
(d) the use and registration of hammers and other (d) the use and registration of hammers and other instruments to
instruments to be used for marking such timber. be used for marking such timber.
(2) The State Government may prescribe, as penalties for the (2) Contravention of any rules made under this section shall be
contravention of any rules made under this section, liable to punishment prescribed in section 78 of this Act.
imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months,
or fine which may extend five hundred rupees, or both.
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CHAPTER IX
PROCEDURES FOR DEALING WITH FOREST OFFENCES
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment(with section) Comments of State/UT
Government
1 2 3 4
PENALTIES AND PROCEDURE PROCEDURES FOR DEALING WITH FOREST

OFFENCES
52. Seizure of property liable to confiscation- 52. Seizure of property liable to confiscation-
(1) When there is reason to believe that a forest offence has (1) When there is reason to believe that a forest offence has been
been committed in respect of any forest-produce, such committed in respect of any forest produce, such forest produce,
produce, together with all tools, boats, carts or cattle in together with all tools, ropes, chains, boats, vehicles, cattle,
committing any such offence, may be seized by any Forest- plants, machinery, equipments, weapon and any other article used
officer or Police-officer. in committing such offence, as may be seized by Forest-officer,
Police officer or Revenue officer.
Provided when seizure is made by a Police officer or Revenue

officer, he shall hand over to the concern forest officer for
initiation of confiscation under this act.
(2) Every officer seizing any property under this section shall (2) Every officer seizing any property under this section shall
place on such property a mark indicating that the same has place a mark and assign a number indicating that the same has
been so seized, and shall, as soon as may be, make a report been seized as soon as possible but not exceeding 24 hours, shall
of such seizure to the Magistrate having jurisdiction to try produce the property before the forest officer not below the rank
the offence on account of which the seizure has been made. of Assistant Conservator of Forest authorized by the State
Government in this behalf by the notification (hereinafter referred
as authorized officer) and the arrested person in the case alone
shall be produced before the Magistrate for launching criminal
proceeding immediately.
Provided that, when the forest-produce with respect to Provided that, when the forest-produce with respect to which
which such offence is believed to have been committed is such offence is believed to have been committed is the property
the property of Government, and the offender is unknown, of Government, and the offender is unknown, it shall be
it shall be sufficient if the officer makes, as soon as may sufficient if the officer makes, as soon as may be, a report of the
be, a report of the circumstances to his official superior. circumstances to his official superior.
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(3) Provision for procedures for dealing with the offences .

related to forest land-
When there is reason to believe that a forest offence has been

committed in respect of any forest land or any attempt has been
made to do so; all tools, machinery, equipment, weapons, animals
or any other article used in committing such offence as may be
seized by Forest-officer, Police-officer or Revenue-officer. The
person(s) committing / attempting such offence shall be arrested
without warrant. The Forest-officer, Police-officer or Revenue-
officer shall be authorized to use reasonable force for seizure and
making arrest, as the circumstances warrants so.
The forest land includes reserve forest, protected forests, unclassed

forests, any land transferred for compensatory afforestation, any
land provided for management to State Forest Department or
Union Territory Administration and the forest land may be notified
or not notified or in the process of notification.
Every officer seizing any property under thus section shall place a
mark and assign an identification number indicating that the same
has been seized for committing forest offence; as soon as possible
but not exceeding 24 hours along with travelling time; shall
produce the property before the forest officer not below the rank of
Assistant Conservator of Forests authorised by the State
Government / Union Territory Administration in this behalf by the
notification (hereinafter referred as authorised officer)and the
arrested person in the case alone shall be produced before the
Magistrate for launching criminal proceedings.
52(A). Procedure to be adopted for confiscation- .
(1) Confiscation by Forest Officer-
(a) Notwithstanding, anything contained in the foregoing

provisions of this Chapter or in any other law for time being in
force, where a forest offence is believed to have been committed in
respect of any forest produce which is the property of the
Government, the officer seizing the property under this section
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shall, without any unreasonable delay, produce it together with all

tools, ropes, chains, boats, vehicles and cattle used in committing
such offence before an officer not below the rank of an Assistant
Conservator of Forests authorized by the State Government in this
behalf, by notification, in official Gazette (hereinafter referred as
authorized officer).
(b) Stop any vehicle or conduct search or inquiry or enter

upon and search any building, premises, land, vehicles or
vessels in occupation of such person, open and search any
baggage or other containers in his possession.
(c) Seize any timber or other forest produce in respect of

which an offence against this Act appears to have been
committed along with any weapons, tools, ropes, chains,
boats, vehicles and cattle used in committing any such
offence.
Explanation: When officer seizing the property under this section

is not a forest officer, he shall hand over the forest produce along
with all tools seized to the authorized officer having jurisdiction
for initiation of confiscation proceeding under this Section.
(2) When the authorized officer himself seizes under sub-section

(1), any forest produce which is the property of the Government
or where any such property is produced before the authorized
officer under sub-section (1) and he is satisfied that a forest
offence has been committed in respect of such property, such
authorized officer, may, whether or not a prosecution is instituted
for the commission of such forest offence, order confiscation of
the property so seized together with all tools, ropes, boats, vehicles
and cattle used in committing such offence.
(3)(a) Where the authorized officer after passing an order of

confiscation under sub-section (2) is of the opinion that it is
expedient in the public interest so to do, he may order the
confiscated property or any part thereof to be sold by public
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auction.
(b) where any confiscated property is sold as aforesaid, the

proceed thereof after deduction of the expenses of any such
auction of other incidental expenses relating thereto shall, where
the order of confiscation made under this section is set aside or
annulled by an order under section 52–C or section 52– D, be
paid to the owner thereof or to the person from whom it was
seized as may be specified in such order.
52(B). Issue of show cause notice- .
(1) Issue of show cause notice before confiscation under

Section 52-A-
No order confiscating any forest produce or tools, ropes, chains,

boats, vehicles or cattle shall be made under section 52-A except
after notice in writing to the person from whom it is seized
informing him of the grounds on which it is proposed to confiscate
it and considering his objections if any:
Provided that no order confiscating a motor vehicle shall be made

except after giving notice in writing to the registered owner
thereof, if, in the opinion of the authorized officer, it is practicable
to do so and considering his objections, if any.
(2) Without prejudice to the provisions of sub-section (1), no order

confiscating any tool, rope, chain, boat, vehicle or cattle shall be
made under section 52-A if the owner of the tool, rope, chain,
boat, vehicle or cattle proves to the satisfaction of the authorized
officer that it was used in carrying forest produce without the
knowledge or connivance of the owner himself, his agent, if any,
and the person in charge of the tool, rope, chain, boat, vehicle or
cattle and that each of them had taken all reasonable and necessary
precautions against such use.
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52(C). Revision-
Any Forest Officer not below the rank of Conservator of Forests

specially empowered by the State Government in this behalf, by
notification in Government Gazette may, of his own motion, call
for and examine the records of the authorized officer in respect of
any order under section 52-A, make such inquiry or cause such
inquiry to be made and pass such orders as he deems fit:
Provided that no revision proceeding shall be initiated by such

officer under this section against any order passed under section
52-A, if the time for appeal against that order has not expired.
Provided further that no order prejudicial to any person shall be

passed under this section unless such person has been given an
opportunity of making his representation.
52(D). Appeal-
(1) Any person aggrieved by any order passed under section 52(A)
or section 52(C) may, within thirty days from the date of
communication to him of such order, appeal to the Sessions Judge
having jurisdiction over the area in which the property, to which
relates, has been seized and the Sessions Judge shall, after giving
an opportunity of being heard to the appellant and the authorized
officer or the officer specially empowered under section 52(C), as
the case may be, pass such order as he may think fit, confirming,
modifying or annulling the order appealed against.
(2) An order of the Sessions Judge under sub-section (1) shall be

final and shall not be questioned in any court of law.
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52(E). Award of confiscation no bar for infliction of any
punishment-
The award of any confiscation under section 52(A) or section

52(C) or section 52(D) shall not prevent the infliction of any
punishment to which the person affected thereby is liable under
this Act.
52(F). Property confiscated to vest with government-
When an order of confiscation of any property has been passed

under section 52.A or section 52.C or section 52.D and such order
has become final in respect of whole or any portion of such
property, such property or portion thereof, or if it has been sold
under sub-section 3 of section 52.A, the sale proceeds thereof, as
the case may be, shall vest in the government free from all
encumbrances.
52(G). Bar of jurisdiction in certain cases- .
Whenever any forest produce belonging to the Government or any

tool, rope, chain, boat, vehicle or cattle, used for committing forest
offence, is seized under section 52, notwithstanding anything to
the contrary contained in this Act or in the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973 (Central Act 2 of 1974) or in any other law for
the time being in force, -
(a) the authorized officer under section 52-A, or the Forest officer
specially empowered under section 52-C, or the Sessions Judge
hearing an appeal under section 52-D, shall have, and
(b) any other officer, court tribunal or authority shall not have,
jurisdiction to make orders with regard to the custody,
possessions, delivery, disposal or distribution of such property
53. Power to release property seized under section 52- 53. Power to release property seized under section 52 in
certain cases-
Any Forest-officer of a rank not inferior to that of a Any Forest-officer of a rank not below that of a Assistant
Ranger who, or whose subordinate, has seized any Conservator of Forests who, or whose subordinate has seized any
tools, boats, carts or cattle under section 52, may tool, rope, chain, boat, vehicle, cattle, plant, machinery,
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release the same on the execution by the owner thereof equipment, weapon or any other article under section 52 may
of a bond for the production of the property so release the same; subject to the provisions contained in section
released, if and when so required, before the Magistrate 52(A) and 68 provided:
having jurisdiction to try the offence on account of
which the seizure has been made.
(a) the offender requests in writing to forthwith get the offence
compounded;
(b) the value of the forest-produce in respect of which the offence

(ii) has been committed, if believed to be the property of the
Government, does not exceed a specified limit as notified by the
State Government from time to time, on the execution by the
owner thereof a bond for the production of the property so
released, if and so when so required, before the authorized officer
and the Magistrate having jurisdiction to try the offence in the
event of criminal proceedings being launched against the offender.
(c) that if the value of forest produce in respect of which the

offence has been committed is more than the specified limit
notified by the State Government under clause (b), the Deputy
Conservator of Forests in-charge of concerned Division will have
the authority to release the seized property under section 52
subject to the provisions described in this section.
54. Procedure thereupon- 54. Procedure when criminal proceedings launched-
Upon the receipt of any such report, the Magistrate Upon the receipt of any such report under sub-section (2) of
shall, with all convenient dispatch, take such measures section 52, the Magistrate shall, with all convenient dispatch, take
as may be necessary for the arrest and trial of the such measures as may be necessary for the arrest and trial of the
offender and the disposal of the property according to offender and the disposal of the property according to law;
law.
Provided that before passing any order for disposal of property,
the Magistrate shall satisfy himself that no confiscation
proceeding has been initiated by the Authorized officer under
section 52(A) of this Act.
55. Forest-produce, tools, etc., when liable to 55.Forest-produce, tools, etc., when liable to confiscation-
confiscation-
(1) All timber or forest-produce which is not the property (1) All timber or other forest-produce which is not the property of
of Government and in respect of which a forest-offence Government and in respect of which a forest-offence has been
has been committed, and all tools, boats, carts and committed, and all tools, ropes, chains, boats, vehicles, cattle,
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cattle used in committing any forest-offence, shall be machinery, plant, equipment, weapon or any other article used in
liable to confiscation. committing any forest-offence, shall, subject to the provisions of
the sections 52, 52.A, 52C, 52 D be liable to confiscation upon
conviction of the offender for such forest-offence.
(2) Such confiscation may be in addition to any other (2) Such confiscation may be in addition to any other punishment
punishment prescribed for such offence. prescribed for such offence.
56. Disposal, on conclusion of trial for forest-offence, of 56. Disposal, on conclusion of trial for forest-offence, of
produce in respect of which it was committed- produce in respect of which it was committed-
When the trial of any forest-offence is concluded, any When the trial of any forest-offence is concluded, any forest-
forest-produce in respect of which such offence has produce in respect of which such offence has been committed
been committed shall, if it is the property of the shall, if it is the property of the Government or has been
Government or has been confiscated, be taken charge confiscated, be taken charge of by a Forest-officer, and, in any
of by a Forest-officer, and, in any other case, may be other case, may subject to section 52(G), may be disposed of in
disposed of in such manner as the Court may direct. such manner as the Court may direct.
57. Procedure when offender not known, or cannot be 57. Procedure when offender not known, or cannot be found-
found-
When the offender is not known or cannot be found, When the offender is not known or cannot be found, the
the Magistrate may, if he finds that an offence has been Magistrate may, subject to section 52.G if he finds that an offence
committed, order the property in respect of which the has been committed, order the property including tools, ropes,
offence has been committed to be confiscated and chains, boats, vehicles, cattle, plant, machinery, equipment,
taken charge of by the Forest-officer, or to be made weapon and any other article, along with the forest-produce in
over to the person whom the Magistrate deems to be respect of which the offence has been committed to be confiscated
entitled to the same: and taken charge of by the Forest-officer, or to be made over to the
person whom the Magistrate deems to be entitled to the same:
Provided that no such order shall be made until the
expiration of one month from the date of seizing such Provided that no such order shall be made, until the expiration of
property, or without hearing the person, if any, one month from the date of seizing such property, or without
claiming any right thereto, and the evidence, if any hearing the person, if any, claiming any right thereto, and the
which he may produce in support of his claim. evidence, if any which he may produce in support of his claim.
58. Procedure as to perishable property seized under 58. Procedure as to perishable property seized under section
section 52- 52-
(a) The Magistrate may, notwithstanding anything (a) The Magistrate may, notwithstanding anything hereinbefore
hereinbefore contained, direct the sale of any property contained, direct the sale of any property seized and referred under
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seized under section 52 and subject to speedy and section 52 to him and subject to speedy and natural decay;
natural decay, and may deal with the proceeds as he
would have dealt with such property if it has not been
sold. provided that when, in the opinion of the authorized officer or the
Deputy Conservator of Forests in-charge of the concerned
Division, it is not possible to obtain the orders of the Magistrate in
time, such officer may sell the property himself, remit the sale
proceeds to the nearest Government Treasury and make a report of
such seizure, sale and remittance to Magistrate and thereupon the
Magistrate shall take such measures as may be necessary for the
trial of the accused.
(b) The Magistrate may deal with the proceeds of the sale of any
property held under clause (a) in the same manner as he might
have dealt with the property if it has not been sold.
59. Appeal from orders under section 55, section 56 or 59. Appeal from orders under section 55, section 56 or section
section 57. 57.
The officer who made the seizure under section 52, or The officer who made the seizure under section 52, or any of his
any of his official superiors, or any person claiming to official superiors, or any person claiming to be interested in the
be interested in the property so seized may, within one property so seized may, within one month from the date of any
month from the date of any order passed under section order passed under section 55, section 56 or section 57, appeal
55, section 56 or section 57, appeal therefrom to the therefrom to the Court to which orders made by such Magistrate
Court to which orders made by such Magistrate are are ordinarily appealable, and the order passed on such appeal
ordinarily appealable, and the order passed on such shall be final.
appeal shall be final.
60. Property when to vest in Government 60. Property when to vest in Government
(1) When an order for the confiscation of any property has When an order for the confiscation of any property has been
been passed section 55 or section 57, as the case may passed section 52.A or section 52.C, or section 52.D and such
be, and the period limited by section 59 for an appeal order has become final in respect of the whole or any portion of
from such order has elapsed, and no such appeal has such property, such property or portion thereof, or if it has been
been preferred, or when, on such an appeal being sold under the proviso of sub-section (3) of section 52 A, the sale
preferred, the Appellate Court confirms such order in proceeds thereof, as the case may be, shall vest in the State
respect of the whole or a portion of such property, such Government, free from all encumbrances.
property or such portion thereof, as the case may be,
shall vest in the Government free from all
encumbrances.
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(2) When an order for the confiscation of any property has been
passed under section 55 or section 57, as the case may be and the
period limited by section 59 for an appeal from such order has
elapsed, and no such appeal has been preferred, or when, on such
an appeal being preferred, the Appellate Court confirms such order
in respect of the whole or a portion of such property, such property
or such portion thereof, as the case may be, shall vest in the
Government free from all encumbrances
60(A). Penalty for forcibly opposing seizure-
Whoever forcibly opposes the seizure of forest-produce, tools,

ropes, chains, boats, cattle, vehicles, plant, machinery, equipment
or any other article under this Act, and whoever rescues the same
after seizure from the custody of the Forest-officer, Police-officer,
Revenue-officer or any person authorized for its safe custody,
shall be liable to punishment prescribed in section 78.
61. Saving of power to release property seized- 61. Saving of power to release property seized-
Nothing hereinbefore contained shall be deemed to Nothing hereinbefore contained shall be deemed to prevent any
prevent any officer empowered in this behalf by the officer empowered in this behalf by the State Government from
State Government from directing at any time the directing at any time the immediate release of any property seized
immediate release of any property seized under section under section 52, which is not the property of the Government.
52.
Provided that where a report is made to the Magistrate of the

property seized under section 52, the officer so empowered, shall
not release the property without the consent in writing of such
Magistrate.
62. Punishment for wrongful seizure- 62. Punishment for wrongful seizure or arrest-
(1) Any Forest-officer or Police-officer who vexatiously (1) Any officer exercising powers under this Act who vexatiously
and unnecessarily seizes any property on pretence of and unnecessarily seizes the property on pretence of seizing
seizing property liable to confiscation under this Act property liable to confiscation under this Act, or who vexatiously
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term and unnecessarily arrests any person, shall be liable to punishment
which may extend to six months, or with fine which prescribed in section 78.
may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both.
(2) Any fine so imposed, or any portion thereof, shall, if the

convicting Court so directs, be given as compensation to the
person aggrieved by such seizure.
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63. Penalty for counterfeiting or defacing marks on 63. Penalty for counterfeiting or defacing marks on trees and
trees and timber and for altering boundary marks- timber and for altering boundary marks and for
encroachment-
Whoever, with intent to cause damage or injury to the Whoever, with intent to cause damage or injury to the public or to
public or to any person, or to cause wrongful gain as any person, or to cause wrongful gain as defined in the Indian
defined in the Indian Penal Code- Penal Code 45 of 1860
(a) knowingly counterfeits upon any timber or standing (a) knowingly counterfeits upon any timber, standing tree, or any
tree a mark used by Forest-officers to indicate that such other forest-produce or a receptacle containing such produce, a
timber or tree is the property of the Government or of mark used by Forest-officers to indicate that such timber or tree or
some person, or that it may lawfully be cut or removed forest-produce is the property of the Government or of some
by some persons; or person, or that it may lawfully be cut or removed or utilized by the
authorized Forest-officer or some persons; or
(b) alters, defaces or obliterates any such mark placed (b) unlawfully affixes to any timber, standing tree or any other
on a tree or on timber by or under the authority of a forest produce, or a receptacle containing such produce, a mark
Forest-officer; or used by any Forest-officer; or
(c) alters, moves, destroys or defaces any boundary- (c) alters, defaces or obliterates any such mark placed on a tree or
mark of any forest or waste-land to which the on timber or any other forest-produce or a receptacle containing
provisions of this Act are applied; such produce by or under the authority of a Forest-officer; or
(d) alters, moves, destroys or defaces any boundary mark of any

forest or land or encroaches upon any part of forest or land to
which the provisions of this Act are applied;
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term shall be liable to punishment prescribed in section 78.
which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with
both.
64. Power to arrest without warrant- 64. Power to arrest without warrant-
(1) Any Forest-officer or Police-officer may, without (1) Any Forest-officer or Police-officer may, without orders from .
orders from a Magistrate and without a warrant, arrest a Magistrate and without a warrant, arrest any person against
any person against whom a reasonable suspicion exists whom a reasonable suspicion exists of his having been concerned
of his having been concerned in any forest offence in any forest punishable with imprisonment for one year or
punishable with imprisonment for one month or upwards. Further, arrest be made in following situation also,
upwards.
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(a) any person, if the officer, knows or has reason to believe that
such person is committing or has committed any forest offence or
if a reasonable suspicion exists against such person of his having
been concerned in any forest offences;
(b) any person who obstructs such officer in the execution of his
duty under this act, or who has escaped or attempts to escape from
custody in which he has been or is lawfully detained under this
Act;
(c) any person who has committed or has been accused of

committing an offence under this Act, refuse to give his name and
residence, or gives a name of residence which there is reason to
believe to be false, or if there is reason to believe that he will
abscond.
Provided when an arrest has been made by a Police-officer or

Revenue-officer for a forest-offence, he shall inform to the
concerned Forest-officer without delay.
(2) Every officer making an arrest under this section shall, (2) Every officer making an arrest under this section shall, without
without unnecessary delay and subject to the provisions unnecessary delay and subject to the provisions of this Act as to
of this Act as to release on bond, take or send the release on bond, take or send the person arrested before the
person arrested before the Magistrate having Magistrate having jurisdiction in the case, or to the officer in
jurisdiction in the case, or to the officer in charge of the charge of the nearest police-station.
nearest police-station.
(3) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to authorize Deleted. ***

such arrest for any act which is an offence under
Chapter IV unless such act has been prohibited under
clause (c) of section 30.
(4) The State Government / Union Territory Administration shall

develop the infra-structure for standardized lock-up rooms for
housing the accused, transportation of accused, provide necessary
articles for restraining the accused(s), armouries, safe custody of
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arms, ammunitions, shields, batons, helmets, armours, wireless,

etc. to the Forest-officers for implementing the provisions of this
Act. These facilities shall be developed in all territorial and
wildlife ranges in State Government / Union Territory
Administration.
The State Government / Union Territory Administration shall also

develop facilities for prosecution in Sessions Court for trial of
accused of forest offences and create a post of Court Ranger for
this purpose.
All such infra-structure and facilities shall be developed within

two years of enactment of the Indian Forest (Amendment) Act,
2019.
#Category of offences
Minor Offences
Any minor forest offence may be defined as involving “timber less
than one cubic meter, firewood less than two cubic meter, minor
forest produce more than Rs. 10,000/- (read with provisions of
FRA) provided the species involved is not listed as RET species /
site from where obtained is not a part of preservation plot /
ecosystem services plot / yield plot / volume plots / any study plot
/ research plot of any nomenclature and resistance has not been
involved in the registration / investigation of forest offence”.
Major offences
All other offences are “Major Offences”, including species
involved is listed as RET species / site from where obtained is a
part of preservation plot / ecosystem services plot / yield plot /
volume plots / any study plot / research plot of any nomenclature
and resistance has not been involved in the registration /
investigation of forest offence”.
All offences pertaining to “forest land” is “Major Offences”.
64(A). Power of Forest-officers in matters of investigation. New insertion.
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Any Forest-officer not below the rank of a Ranger in charge of a Proposed for providing the
forest range may, as regards offence under this Act or Rules made powers of investigation to the
there under, shall be investigating officer. Forest Ranger for investigation of
forest offences.
64(B). Report by investigating officer- New insertion.
If, on any investigation by a Forest Ranger or a Forest-officer Proposed for the recognition of
empowered under section 64(A), it appears that there is sufficient the report of a Forest Ranger for
evidence to justify the prosecution of the accused, the initiation of criminal proceeding
investigation officer shall submit a report for the purpose of under Section 190 Code of
Section 190 of Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 to a Magistrate Criminal Procedure 1973. The
having jurisdiction to enquire into or try the case and empowered forest officer is not a police
to take cognizance of offence. officer. Hence initiation of
criminal proceeding under section
190 of code of criminal procedure
1973 shall be in the category of
“any person other than police
officer” (sub clause 1 (c) of
section 190 Cr PC).
64(C). Certificate of Forest-officers to be an evidence. New insertion.
Any document purporting to be a certificate under the hand of a Proposed for the recognition of
Forest-officer of the rank of the Forest Ranger and above, in certificate of a Forest-officer in
respect of any forest-produce or other things submitted by him for respect of any forest-produce, to
examination shall be used as evidence of the proceedings under be treated as evidence in the
this Act; but the Court may, if it thinks fit, and shall on the Court of Law. The forest officer
application of the prosecution or the accused person summon and is not a police officer within
examine any such Forest-officer as to the subject matter of his meaning of section (25) & (26) of
certificate. Indian Evidence Act while
recording statement from accused.
Explanation: The forest officer recording any
statement/confession during the investigation of case shall be
admissible in competent court of law. The forest officer shall not
be treated as police officer within meaning of section 25 and
section 26 of Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
65 Power to release on a bond a person arrested- 65. Power to release on a bond a person arrested-
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Any Forest-officer of a rank not inferior to that of a Any Forest-officer of a rank not below that of a Ranger, who or Amendment proposed as certain
Ranger, who, or whose subordinate, has arrested any whose subordinate, has arrested any person under the provisions offences prescribed in section
person under the provisions of section 64, may release of section 64, may, subject to and without prejudice to the 65.A have been proposed as non-
such person on his executing a bond to appear, if and provisions of section 65.A, release such person on his executing a bailable.
when so required, before the Magistrate having bond to appear, if and when so required, before the Magistrate
jurisdiction in the case, or before the officer in charge having jurisdiction in the case, or before the officer in charge of
of the nearest police station. the nearest Police Station or any authorized officer under section
52.
65(A). Certain offences to be non-bailable- New insertion.
(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act or in the Code Proposed as certain offences
of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (II of 1974)- prescribed in clause (a) have been
proposed as non-bailable.
(b) the offences under the sections or clauses mentioned below

shall be non-bailable, namely; all offences for which a minimum
imprisonment is prescribed in sections 26, 33, 42, 63 and 78 (4)
under section 78 of chapter XIIA.
no person accused of any offence referred to in clause (a) shall, if

in custody, to be released on bail or his bond unless –
(i) the prosecution has been given an opportunity to oppose the

application of such release, and where the prosecution opposes the
application, the Court is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds
for believing that he is not guilty of such offence.
66. Power to prevent commission of offence- 66. Power to prevent commission of offence-
(1) Every Forest-officer and Police-officer shall prevent, (1) Every Forest-officer, Police-officer or Revenue-officer shall Amendment proposed to provide
and may interfere for the purpose of preventing, the prevent, and may interfere for the purpose of preventing, the indemnity to Forest-officer using
commission of any forest-offence. commission of any forest-offence. arms etc, to prevent the forest-
offence.This indemnity shall be in
addition to the immunity provided
under section 197 of Code of
Criminal Procedure 1973 for
certain categories of Public
Servant.
(2) Any Forest-officer, may if necessary, to prevent the New insertion.

commission of any offence under this Act or under the Wildlife
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(Protection) Act, 1972, or to apprehend any person engaged in the

commission of an offence under the said Acts, or who has
committed such offence, use as little force including fire arms and
do as little injury to person and property, as may be consistent
with the
(a) prevention of the offence; or
(b) the apprehension of the accused; or
(c) securing of the forest-produce; or
(d) seizure of any means, weapons, vehicles, cart, boat, any other
conveyance, tools, or any other thing used to commit the offence
or to carry or transport or conceal or keep the forest-produce.
(3) No prosecution against any officer for any act purporting to be New insertion.
done under the preceding sub-sections shall be instituted in any
criminal court except with the prior sanction of the State
Government.
Provided that such sanction for prosecution shall not be accorded

by the State Government unless an inquiry by a Executive
Magistrate is got conducted for the alleged wrong done or excess
committed.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law in force, New insertion.
no Forest-officer acting under the preceding sub-section in good
faith, or doing any act in obedience to any order which he was
bound to obey; shall be deemed to have thereby committed an
offence
66(A). Power of entry and search- New insertion.
Any Forest-officer not below the rank of an Assistant Conservator Proposed for the powers of entry
of forests, when he has reason to believe that an offence under this search in respect of forest offence.
Act has been committed, or is being or is likely to be committed,
he or an officer duty empowered by him may inform the Village
Panchayat or Gram Sabha and may-
(i) enter and search any such place in which he has reason to
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believe that any forest-produce or tool, plant, equipment, rope,

chain, vehicle, machinery, weapon or any other article involved or
likely to be involved in commission of forest offence is concealed;
(ii) seize any document or other article which, he has reason to

believe, may furnish evidence of the commission of an offence
under this Act.
66(B). Attempts and Abetment – New insertion.
(1) Whoever attempts to contravene, or abets the contravention of, New section necessary to contain
any of the provisions of this Act or of any rule of order made “Attempts and Abetments”. To
thereunder shall be deemed to have contravened that provision or dissuade political executives to
rule or order, as the case may be. incite masses against the
provisions of the Act.
Such Attempts and Abetments shall be punishable as provided in
the Section-78. Many State Governments have
withdrawn cases registered under
(2) That any person, forest officer, any officer of the State the Indian Forest Act, 1927 to
Government cannot withdraw forest offence cases registered under draw political mileages. Such
the Principal Act. action has to curbed with heavy
hand, because the results are
disastrous. Porosity is the root
cause of destruction of prime
forest areas.
66(C). Cognizance of offences – New insertion.
No court shall take cognizance of any offence against this Act on

the complaint of any person not less than other than
(1) A forest officer not below the rank of Range Forest Officer or
any other officer authorized in this behalf by the State
Government; or
(2) Any person who has given notice of not less than sixty days to
the State Government, in the manner prescribed, of the alleged
offence and of his intention to make a complaint to the competent
court. After the expiry of such stipulated period, the person may
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file a complaint to the competent court for taking cognizance.
The Central Government shall frame rules in this regard within

180 days of the enactment of this Amendment in the Principal Act.
66(D). Presumption to be made in certain cases –
Where, in any prosecution for one offence against this Act, it is

established that a person is in possession, custody or control of
any forest land, forest produce or presumption that he has
committed any crime against the Act; it shall be presumed until
the contrary is proved that the ownership of the property belongs
to the State Government and the person has committed an offence
against the Act. The burden of proving which shall lie on the
accused, that such person is in lawful possession of forest land,
forest produce, custody or control of such property and the person
has not committed any offence against the Act
67. Power to try offences summarily- 67. Power to try offences summarily-
The District Magistrate or any Magistrate of the first Any Magistrate of the first class, specially empowered in this
class specially empowered in this behalf by the State behalf by the State Government in consultation with the High
Government may try summarily, under the code of Court, may try summarily, under the Code of Criminal Procedure,
Criminal Procedure, 1898, any forest offence 1973 (II of 1974), any forest offence punishable with
punishable with imprisonment for a term not exceeding imprisonment for a term not exceeding one years or fine not
six months, or fine not exceeding five hundred rupees, exceeding five thousand rupees or both, and the provisions of
or both. sections 262 to 265 (both inclusive) of the said code shall, as far as
may be, apply to such trial; but notwithstanding anything
contained in the said code, in the case of conviction for any
offence in a summary trial under this section, it shall be lawful for
the Magistrate to pass sentence of imprisonment for any term for
which such offence is punishable under this Act.
67(A). Appointment of special Court-
Notwithstanding anything contained to the contrary either in the

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 or any other law for the time
being in force, the State Government may, in consultation with the
High Court, constitute a special Court with power of a First Class
Magistrate for the trial of all forest offences punishable with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with
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fine which may extend to five thousand rupees or with both, in

accordance with the procedure prescribed for summary trials under
Chapter XXI of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973.
68. Power to compound offences- 68. Power to compound offences-
(1) The State Government may, by notification in the (1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (3), the State
Official Gazette, empower a Forest-officer – Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, empower
a Forest-officer –
(a) to accept from any person against whom a (a) to accept from any person against whom a reasonable
reasonable suspicion exists that he has committed any suspicion exists that he has committed any forest offence, other
forest offence, other than an offence specified in than an offence which are non- bailable and cognizable under this
section 62 or section 63, a sum of money by way of act, a sum of money by way of compensation for the offence
compensation for the offence which such person is which such person is suspected to have committed, provided that
suspected to have committed, and the sum of money accepted by way of compensation shall in no
case be less than the amount involved in the loss caused by such
offences; and in addition to this an fine / environmental
compensation charge as may be determined by the State
Government or officer authorized.
(b) when any property has been seized as liable to (b) when any property has been seized as liable to confiscation, to
confiscation, to release the same on payment of the release the same on payment of the value thereof as estimated by
value thereof as estimated by such officer. such officer.
Provided such release will not be made where the value of the
property exceeds specified limits as notified by the State
Government from time to time.
(2) On the payment of such sum of money, or such value, (2) On the payment, of or on the acceptance of an undertaking in
or both, as the case may be, to such officer, the writing to pay such sum of money or such estimated value or both,
suspected person, if in custody, shall be discharged, the as the case may be, to such an officer, the suspected person, if in
property, if any, seized shall be released, and no further custody, shall be discharged, the property, if any, seized shall be
proceedings shall be taken against such person or released, and no further proceedings shall be taken against such
property. person or property in that particular case.
(3) A Forest-officer shall not be empowered under this (3) A Forest-officer shall not be empowered under this section
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section unless he is a Forest-officer of rank not inferior unless he is a Forest-officer of rank not inferior to that of a
to that of a Ranger and is in receipt of a monthly salary Ranger;
amounting to at least one hundred rupees, and the sum
of money accepted as compensation under clause (a) of provided that if the amount involved in the loss caused by the
sub-section (1) shall in no case exceed the sum of fifty forest offence exceeds five thousand rupees he shall not be a
rupees. Forest-officer of a rank lower to that of an Assistant Conservator
of Forests.
Explanation: Compounding of forest offences under this section

shall have effect of closure of the case.
69. Presumption that forest-produce belongs to 69. Presumption that forest-produce belongs to Government-
Government-
When in any proceedings taken under this Act, or in When in any proceedings taken under the provision of this Act, or
consequence of anything done under this Act, a in consequence of anything done under this Act or under any other
question arises as to whether any forest-produce shall law for the time being in force, a question arises as to whether any
be presumed to be the property of the Government until forest-produce is the property of the Government, such produce
the contrary is proved. shall be presumed to be the property of the Government only if the
person in possession fails to explain it’s origin from private
holding or when there is reason to believe that such explanation is
not true.
69(A). Punishment for knowingly receiving any forest-produce
illegally removed-
Any person who knowingly receive or knowingly keeps in his

possession, without sufficient care to ascertain its legal origin, any
forest-produce illegally removed from any forest, shall be liable to
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CHAPTERX
CATTLE – TRESPASS
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment(with section) Comments of State/UT
Government
1 2 3 4
70. Cattle-trespass Act, 1871, to apply- 70. Cattle-trespass Act, 1871, to apply-
Cattle trespassing in a reserved forest or in any portion of a Cattle trespassing in a reserved forest or in any portion of a
protected forest which has been lawfully closed to grazing protected forest which has been lawfully closed to grazing shall be
shall be deemed to be cattle doing damage to a public deemed to be cattle doing damage to a public plantation within the
plantation within the meaning of section 11 of the Cattle- meaning of section 11 of the Cattle-trespass Act, 1871, and may
trespass Act, 1871, and may be seized and impounded as be seized and impounded as such by any Forest-officer or Police-
such by any Forest-officer or Police-officer. officer.
71. Power to alter fines fixed under that Act- 71. Power to alter fines fixed under that Act-
The State Government may, by notification in the Official The State Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, direct that, in lieu of the fines fixed under section Gazette, direct that, in lieu of the fines fixed under section 12 of
12 of the Cattle-trespass Act, 1871, there shall be levied for the Cattle-trespass Act, 1871, there shall be levied for each head
each head of cattle impounded under section 70 of this Act of cattle impounded under section 70 of this Act such fines as it
such fines as it thinks fit, but not exceeding the following, thinks fit.
that is to say:-
For each elephant ……………… ten rupees.
For each buffalo or camel ……….. two rupees.
For each horse, mare, gelding, pony, colt, filly, mule, bull,
bullock, cow or heifer …………. one rupee
For each calf, ass, pig, ram, ewe, sheep, lamb, goat or kid
……………….. ……………………eight annas.
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C H A P T E R XI
OF FOREST-OFFICERS
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment (with section) Comments of State/UT
Government
1 2 3 4
72. State Government may invest Forest-officers with 72. Investing Forest-officers with certain powers-
certain powers-
(1) The State Government may invest any Forest-officer with (1)Forest-officer not below the rank of a Forest Guard shall have
all or any of the following powers, that is to say:- the following powers, that is to say:-
(a) power to enter upon any land and to survey, demarcate

and make a map of the same; power to enter upon any land and to survey, demarcate and make a
map of the same;
(b) the powers of a Civil Court to compel the attendance of
witnesses and the production of documents and material
objects;
(c) power to issue a search warrant under the Code of

Criminal Procedure, 1898; and
(d) power to hold an inquiry into forest-offences, and, in

the course of such inquiry, to receive and record evidence.
(2) Any evidence recorded under clause (d) of sub-section (1) (2) Forest-officer not below the rank of a Ranger shall have the
shall be admissible in any subsequent trial before a following powers, that is to say:-
Magistrate, provided that it has been taken in the presence
of the accused person. power to hold an inquiry into forest offences, and, in the course of
such inquiry, to receive and record evidence;
(3) Forest-officers not below the rank of an Assistant Conservator

of Forests shall have the following powers, that is to say:-
(a) the powers of a Civil Court to compel the attendance of

witnesses and the production of documents and material objects;
(b) power to search or issue a search warrant under the code of

criminal procedure, 1973;
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(4) Any evidence recorded under clause (b) of sub-section (1)

shall be admissible in any subsequent trial before a Magistrate or
proceedings by an authorized officer under sub-section (2) of
section 52, provided that it has been taken in the presence of the
accused person and recorded in the manner as provided under the
Code of Criminal Procedure 1973, and Indian Evidence Act.
72(A). Power to entry, inspection, investigation and

prosecution-
(1) Any Forest-officer not below the rank of a Forester may, at

any time enter and inspect any land within his area of jurisdiction
to which provision of Chapter IV, or Chapter V of this Act apply,
for the purpose of ascertaining whether there has been
contravention of any of the provisions of this Act and the rules
made there under, or for the purpose of securing compliance with
any such provision.
(2) It shall be lawful for Forest-officer not below the rank of a

Ranger to lay any information before a Magistrate and to apply for
summon, warrant, or such other legal process as may by law issue
against any person committing an offence and to conduct
prosecution.
72(B). Powers to reward in certain cases-
The Divisional Forest-officer may reward any person including a

Forest-officer of the rank of or lower than that of a Ranger, who
has helped in the detection of forest offences, resulting in the
seizure of any vehicle or other property, or in the apprehension of
any offender under the provisions of this Act with an amount
which may extend upto twenty five percent of the value of the
forest produce confiscated or the amount recovered as
compounding fee or compensation under section 68, or on
conviction by the Court, but not exceeding ten thousand rupees in
each case.
Provided that where no such confiscation has been made or no

amount received as compensation, the maximum reward that may
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be paid with the approval of the Conservator of forests shall not

exceed three thousand rupees.
73. Forest-officers deemed public servants- 73. Forest-officers deemed public servants-
All Forest-officers shall be deemed to be public servants All Forest-officers shall be deemed to be:
within the meaning of the Indian Penal Code.
Public servants within the meaning of Section 21 of Indian Penal

Code 1860 (45 of 1860) and shall be protected under section 197
of Code of Criminal Procedure 1973.
74. Indemnity for acts done in good faith. 74. Indemnity for acts done in good faith-
No suit shall lie against any public servant for anything (1) No civil proceedings shall lie against the Central Government
done by him in good faith under this Act. or State Government or any public servant exercising any power
or discharging any functions or performing any duties under this
Act, for anything in good faith done or intended to be done under
this Act or any rule or order made thereunder.
(2) No Forest-officer shall be arrested for any offence alleged to

have been committed or purported to have been committed in
discharge of his official duties, without causing out an inquiry by
an authority to be notified by the State Government for the
purpose.
75. Forest-officers not to trade- 75. Forest-officers not to trade-
Except with the permission in writing of the State Except with the permission in writing of the Central or the State
Government, no Forest-officer shall, as principal or agent, Government, as the case may be, no Forest-officer shall, as
trade in timber or other forest-produce, or be or become principal or agent, trade in timber or other forest-produce, or be or
interested in any lease of any forest or in any contract for become interested in any lease of any forest or in any contract for
working any forest, whether in or outside the territories to working any forest, whether in or outside the territories to which
which this Act extends. this Act extends.
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C H A P T E R XII
POWER OF GOVERNMENT
Government
1 2 3 4
SUBSIDIARY RULES POWER OF GOVERNMENT
76. Additional power to make rules- 76. POWER OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
(1) Power of the Central Government to take measures for

The State Government may make rules – protection and improvement of forests-
(a) to prescribe and limit the powers and duties of any Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Central Government shall
Forest-officer under this Act; have the power to take all such measures as it deems necessary or
expedient for the protection and improvement of the quality of the
(b) to regulate the rewards to be paid to officers and forests and abating the forest degradation in any forest or forest
informers out of the proceeds of fines and confiscation land.
under this Act;
(2) Power to constitute an authority-
(c) for the preservation, reproduction and disposal of trees
and timber belonging to Government, but grown on lands The Central Government may, if it considers it necessary or
belonging to or in the occupation of private persons; and expedient so to do for the purpose of this Act, by order, publish in
the Official Gazette, constitute an authority or authorities by such
(d) generally, to carry out the provisions of this Act. name or names as may be specified in the order for the purpose of
exercising and performing such of the powers and functions of the
Central Government under this Act and for taking measures with
respect to such matters as it deems necessary subject to the
supervision and control of the Central Government.
(3) Power to give directions-
Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law but subject

to the provisions of this Act, the Central Government may, in the
exercise of its powers and performance of its functions under this
Act, issue directions in writing to any State Government, officer,
institution/organization or person and such State Government,
officer, institution/organization and person shall be bound to
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comply with such directions.
(4) Power to Central Government to make rules-
Without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of sub-

section (1), sub-section (2) and sub-section (3), the Central
Government in particular may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, make rules for all or any of the following matters,
namely:
(a) regulating the practice of shifting cultivation in forests

prescribed under chapter IV A.
(b) rationalizing rights, privileges, concessions and exemptions in

respect of forest-produce from reserved, protected and village
forests prescribed in sections 23, 24, 32 and 34(B) and from
forests and lands under chapter V of this Act.
(c) regarding the duty on timber and other forest-produce

prescribed in section 39 of this Act.
(d) regarding the control of trade, possession and transit of timber

and other forest-produce and its possessing prescribed in chapter
VII of this Act.
(e) the matters regarding the regulatory provisions specified in

Chapter XIV.
(f) prescribing rules and procedure for discharging powers

prescribed under section 72.
(g) the manner in which the officers of the Central Government

shall be enabled to carry out the provisions of this Act.
(h) to regulate the rewards to be paid to officers and any person or

institution or organization for their outstanding performance in the
protection, development and conservation of forests.
(i) to prescribe a standard procedure for prosecution of offence

committed under this Act which may be adapted by the State
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Government.
(5) On any other matter that may be necessary for the purposes of
the Act
(6) Every rule made by the Central Government under this section
shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each house
of the Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty
days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more
successive sessions, and if before the expiry of the session
immediately following the session of successive session aforesaid,
both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or both
Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall
thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no
effect, as the case may be, so however, that any such modification
or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything
previously done under that rule.
76(A). Power to make rules by the State Government-
(1) Subject to the provisions contained in sub-section (2) of

Section 77, the State Government may make rules to carry out the
provisions of this Act.
(2) In particular, and without the prejudice to the generality of the

powers mentioned in sub-section (1), such rules may provide for
all or any of the followings;
(a) the matters specified under section 5(1) (b), 5(2) &15(2) (d);
(b) commutation of right under section 16;
(c) protection, management and regulation of access of forest or

forest land which, inter alia, may –
(d) subject to the provisions contained in clause (c) of section 30,

regulate or prohibit alienation, occupation, clearing, ploughing or
breaking up of land for cultivation or other purposes, quarrying of
any major or minor mineral, the burning of lime or charcoal,
subjecting any major or minor mineral or any other forest produce
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to a purifying or manufacturing process;
(i) regulate, phase out or extinguish the practice of shifting

cultivation in the manner prescribed under chapter IV A;
(ii) regulate the granting of license to inhabitants of towns and

village in the vicinity of protected forests to take forest produce
for their bonafide domestic use, and the production and return of
such licences by such persons; and prescribe the fees, royalties or
other payment therefore;
(iii) prescribe the exercise of rights referred to in section 29;
(iv) prohibit fishing in or poisoning of water;
(v) provide for the examination of forest produce passing out of

protected forests;
(vi) the matters regarding the rights in village forests specified in

section 28.
(e) protection, development, regulation and management of access

of individuals or village communities to a village forest, the
manner in which the management plans for such forest shall be
prepared and executed and the mechanism of benefit sharing as
prescribed in section 34.B and 80.B;
(f) regulate or prohibit the activities prescribed in sub-section (1)

of section 35 regarding the conservation of forests and lands not
being the property of the Government ;
(g) the matters concerning cutting, damaging and destroying trees

in Urban and Rural areas specified in section 38.C;
(h) regarding duty on timber and other forest produce specified in

section 39; and levy of duty in respect of forest produce disposed
of by the State Government specified in section 39.A;
(i) to carry out the provisions prescribed in chapter VII.
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(j) to carry the provisions regarding control of drift and standard

timber specified in section 45;
(k) to prescribe and limit the powers and duties of any Forest-
officer under this Act and also prescribe rules and procedure for
discharging powers prescribed under this Act;
(l) regulating the rewards to be paid to the officer, person and

informer out of proceeds of fines and confiscation under section
72.B;
(m) generally, to carry out the provisions of this Act.
(3) All rules made under this Act, by the State Government shall,
as soon as may be after they are made, be laid before each House
of the State Legislature, while it is in session for a total period of
fourteen days which may be comprised in its one session or in two
or more successive sessions and shall, unless some later date is
appointed, take effect from the date of their publication in the
Gazette subject to such modifications or annulments as the Houses
of the Legislature may agree to make, so however, that any such
modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the
validity of anything previously done there under.
76(B). Contravention of any of the provisions of this section and

section 76 and the rules or directions made thereunder shall be
liable to punishment prescribed in section 78.
77. Penalties for breach of rules 77. Rules when to have force of law-
Any person contravening any rule under this Act, for the (1) All rules made by the Central and the State Government under
contravention of which no special penalty is provided, shall this Act shall be published in the Official Gazette, and shall
be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may thereupon, so far as they are consistent with this Act, have effect
extend to one month, or fine which may extend to five as if enacted therein.
hundred rupees, or both.
[(78) Rules when to have force of law-All rules made by (2) Where the rules framed by the Central Government and the
the State Government under this Act shall be published in State Government are in conflict, the former shall prevail.
the Official Gazette, and shall thereupon, so far as they are
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consistent with this Act, have effect as if enacted therein.]
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C H A P T E R XII A
PENALTIES

Government
1 2 3 4
** PENALTIES
78. Rules when to have force of law- 78. Penalties-
All rules made by the State Government under this Act Any person contravening any provisions of the Act, for such
shall be published in the Official Gazette, and shall contravention where no special penalty is provided, shall be
thereupon, so far as they are consistent with this Act, have punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six
effect as if enacted therein. month, or fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or both.
[(77) Penalties for breach of rules- Any person (1) There shall be the following punishment for various specific
contravening any rule under this Act, for the contravention offences committed under this Act as provided hereunder
of which no special penalty is provided, shall be
punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend
to one month, or fine which may extend to five hundred (a) section 26:
rupees, or both] imprisonment which may extend to three years and with fine
which may extend to five thousand rupees which may extend to
both;
Provided that in case of an offence committed under section 26

(1) (a), 26 (1) (g), 26 (1) (h) and 26 (1) (j), the minimum fine shall
not be less than five thousand rupees and may extend to fifty
thousand rupees and the term of imprisonment, which shall be
mandatory, shall not be less than six months and may extend to
five years;
Provided further that in case of second and subsequent offence

mentioned in the foregoing provision, the term of imprisonment
shall not be less than one year and the minimum fine shall not be
less than twenty thousand rupees and may extend to two lakh
rupees. On failure of the offender to pay the fine, the term of
imprisonment shall be suitably extended.
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Provided that in case of an offence committed under section 26

(1)(i), the minimum fine shall not be less than fifty thousand
rupees and may extend to fifty lac rupees and the term of
imprisonment, which shall be mandatory, shall not be less than
three years and may extend to seven years
(b) section 28:

Imprisonment which may extend to one month.
(c) section 33:

imprisonment which may extend to three years or with fine which
may extend to five thousand rupees or with both,
Provided that in case of offence committed under clause (a), (b),

or (c), of sub-section (1) of section 33, the minimum fine shall not
be less than five thousand and may extend to twenty five thousand
rupees and the term of imprisonment, which shall be mandatory,
shall not be less than six months;
Provided further that in case of second and subsequent offence

mentioned in the foregoing provision, the term of imprisonment
shall not be less than one year and the minimum fine shall not be
less than ten thousand rupees and may extend to one lakh rupees.
On failure of the offender to pay the fine, the term of
imprisonment shall be suitably extended.
Provided that in case of offence committed under clause (b)(i) of

sub-section (1) of section 33, the minimum fine shall not be less .
than fifty thousand and may extend to five lac rupees and the term
of imprisonment, which shall be mandatory, shall not be less than
three years.
(d) section 34.B, Section 34(C) and Section 35 :

imprisonment which may extend to one year or fine which may
extend to five thousand rupees or both.
(e) section 38(D)(4):

fine which may extend upto five thousand rupees.
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(f) section 42:

imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with
fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees or with both
provided that where the value of the forest-produce in respect of
which the offence has been committed exceeds fifteen thousand
rupees, the minimum imprisonment shall be one month and with a
minimum fine of ten thousand rupees.
(g) Section 44 :
imprisonment which may extend to three month or fine which
may extend to five thousand rupees or with both.
(h) Section 51 and section 60(A):

imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or fine
which may extend to ten thousand rupees or both.
(i) section 62:

imprisonment which may extend to three month or fine which
may extend to five thousand rupees or both.
(j) section 63 :
imprisonment which shall not be less than six months and may
extend to three years and with minimum fine of three thousand
rupees which may extend to twenty five thousand rupees. In case
of encroachment, besides the punishment mentioned above, the
encroachment shall be evicted, all sheds, or structures on such
land shall be demolished and the crop, if any, standing on such
land, shall be seized and confiscated.
(k) section 69.A :

imprisonment which may extend to one year or fine which may
(l) section 76(6):

imprisonment which may extend to three years or fine which may
(m) section 79 :
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imprisonment which may extend to one month or fine which may

(n) section 79(A):

fine upto three thousand rupees.
(o) section 79(B):

imprisonment which may extend to one month or fine which may
extend to three thousand rupees or both.
(2) When any person is convicted for an offence under this Act
and the value of forest-produce removed or damaged, when being
the property of Government, exceeds five thousand rupees, the
Court trying the offence shall direct that such forest produce
seized from the offender and any tool, chains, ropes, plant,
machinery, equipment, boat, cattle, vehicle, weapon or any other
article used in the commission of the offence shall be forfeited to
the State Government and any license, permit, permission held by
the offender under the provisions of this Act shall stand cancelled;
Provided that similar order of forfeiture and cancellation may be

issued by the Court for any offence where the value of forest-
produce is less than or equal to five thousand rupees.
(3) When a person is convicted for an offence under clause (a) or

(g) or (g)(i)or (h) of sub-section (1) of section 26, or clause (b) or
(b)(i) or (c) of sub-section (1) of section 33, or under section 63
for an offence of encroachment, the Court shall order eviction of
the offender from the land in relation to which the offence has
been committed and on such order being made, all sheds or
structures on such land shall be demolished and if the Court so
orders, the crop, if any, standing on the land, shall be seized and
confiscated by the State Government.
Orders passed and action to be taken under this sub-section may

be executed by a Police-officer not below the rank of a Inspector
or a Forest-officer not below the rank of a Ranger or as the Court
may direct.
(4) Any person who in contravention of the provisions of this Act,
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illegally cuts, destroys, removes or transports any forest-produce

between sunset and sunrise, or after preparation for resistance to
lawful authority or where the offender has been previously
convicted of a like offence, shall be punishable with imprisonment
or with a fine or with both which may be double the quantum of
the prescribed penalty for the said offence.
(5) Any person contravening any provision of this Act or rule

made there under, for the contravention of which no penalty has
been provided, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term
which may extend to one year or with fine which may extend to
five thousand rupees, or with both.
(6) The Court may, if it so deems appropriate, award the fine or

part thereof, imposed under this section to those persons who have
helped in the detection of offence and apprehending of the
offender, or in both.
78(A). Persons not to be released on probation-
Notwithstanding anything contained in the code of Criminal

Procedure, 1973 (Central Act 2 of 1974) and the Probation of
Offenders Act, 1958 (Central Act 20 of 1958), an offender
convicted of any of the offence punishable with
mandatory/minimum imprisonment, shall not be released under
any provision of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958.
78(B). Offences by company or organization-
(1) Where an offence under this Act has been committed by a

company or organization, every person who at the time of the
offence was committed was in charge of and was responsible to
the company for the conduct of the business of the company or
organization, as well as the company or the organization, as the
case may be, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall
be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly:
Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render

any person liable to any punishment provided in this Act if he
proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or
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that he exercised due diligence to prevent the commission of such

offence.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where

an offences under this Act has been committed with the consent or
connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any
director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company or
organization, such director, manager, secretary or other officer
shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable
to be proceed against and punished accordingly.
Explanation : For the purpose of this section –
(a) “company” means any body corporate and includes a firm or

other association of individuals;
(b) “organization” means any group or body includes voluntary

group involved in the business of government department, charity
or any other work.
(c) “director” in relation to firm, means a partner in the firm.

78(C). Attempts and abetment-
Whoever attempts to contravene, aids or abets the contravention of

any of the provisions of this Act or of any rule or order made there
under shall be deemed to have contravened that provision of this
Act, rule or order, as the case may be and shall be liable to
punishment accordingly.
78(D). Revision of penalties-
The Central Government shall have powers to revise, from time to

time, the penal provisions i.e. the amount prescribed as fine and
the term of imprisonment in any or all sections/clauses under this
Act by a notification in the official Gazette.
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C H A P T E R XIII
MISCELLANEOUS
Government
1 2 3 4
79. Persons bound to assist Forest-officers and Police- 79. Persons bound to assist Forest-officers, Police-officers and
officer- Revenue-officers-
(1) Every person who exercises any right in a reserved or (1) Every person who exercises any right, privilege or concession
protected forest, or who is permitted to take any forest- in a reserved or protected or village-forest or who is permitted to
produce from, or to cut and remove timber or to pasture take any forest produce from, or to cut or remove timber or to
cattle in, such forest, and every person who is employed by pasture cattle in such forest, and every person living within such
any such person in such forest, and forest, and
Every person in any village contiguous to such forest who Every person in any village contiguous to such forest who is
is employed by the Government, or who receives employed by the Government, who receives emoluments from the
emoluments from the Government for services to be Government for services to be performed to the community,
performed to the community,
shall be bound to furnish without unnecessary delay to the shall be bound to furnish without unnecessary delay to the nearest
nearest Forest-officer or Police-officer any information he Forest-officer or Police-officer or Revenue-officer any
may possess respecting the commission of or intention to information he may possess in respect of the constitution of, or
commit, any forest offence, and shall forthwith takes steps, intention to commit, any forest offence, and shall forthwith take
whether so required by any Forest-officer or Police-officer steps, whether so required by any Forest-officer or Police-officer
or not, - or Revenue-officer or not, -
(a) to extinguish any forest fire in such forest of which he (a) to extinguish any forest fire in such forest of which he has
has knowledge or information; knowledge or information;
(b) to prevent by any lawful means in his power any fire in (b) to prevent by any lawful means in his power any fire in the
the vicinity of such forest of which he has knowledge or vicinity of such forest of which he has knowledge or information
information from spreading to such forest, from spreading to such forest,
and shall assist any Forest-officer or Police-officer and shall assist any Forest-officer or Police-officer or Revenue-
demanding his aid – and officer demanding his aid;
(c) in preventing the commission in such forest of any (c) in preventing the commission in such forest of any forest-
forest-offence; and offence; and
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(d) when there is reason to believe that any such offence (d) when there is reason to believe that any such offence has been
has been committed in such forest, in discovering and committed in such forest, in discovering and arresting the
arresting the offender. offender.
(2) Any person who, being bound so to do, without lawful (2) Any person who, being bound so to do, without lawful excuse
excuse (the burden of proving which shall lie upon such (the burden of proving which shall lie upon such person) fails –
person) fails –
(a) to furnish without unnecessary delay to the nearest (a) without unnecessary delay to the nearest Forest-officer or
Forest-officer or Police-officer any information required by Police-officer or Revenue-officer any information required by
sub-section (1); sub-section (1);
(b) to take steps as required by sub-section (1) to (b) to take steps as required by sub-section (1) to extinguish any
extinguish any forest fire in a reserved or protected forest; forest fire in a reserved or protected or village-forest; or
(c) to prevent as required by sub-section (1), any fire in the (c) to prevent as required by sub-section (1), any fire in the
vicinity of such forest from spreading to such forest; or vicinity of such forest from spreading to such forest; or
(d) to assist any Forest-officer or Police-officer demanding (d) to assist any Forest-officer or Police-officer or Revenue-officer
his aid in preventing the commission in such forest of any demanding his aid in preventing the commission in such forest of
forest-offence, or, when there is reason to believe that any any forest-offence, or, when there is reason to believe any such
such offence has been committed in such forest, in offence has been committed in such forest, in discovering and
discovering and arresting the offender; arresting the offender;
shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which (i) shall be liable to forfeit all rights, privileges or concessions that
may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend he may have enjoyed, in the reserved or protected or village forest,
to two hundred rupees, or with both. as the case may be, provided that no such order forfeiting such
rights, privilege or concessions shall be passed without hearing the
person concerned and recording reasons for such forfeiture. Any
such order may be passed by the Divisional Forest-officer and
appeal against the same shall lie with the Conservator of Forest of
the concerned Circle within a period of sixty days from the date of
communication of such order to the person concerned. The order
of the Appellate Authority shall be final;
(ii) notwithstanding forfeiture of any rights, privileges or

concession referred to in this sub-section, he shall also be liable to
punishment as prescribed in section 78.
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79(A). Obligation of officers to assist each other-
(1) All officers of the Forest, Police, Revenue and other

departments of the State Government shall, upon notice given or
request made, be legally bound to assist each other in carrying out
the provisions of this Act. Whoever, without lawful excuse,
violates the provisions of this section shall be liable to punishment
prescribed in section 78.
(2) The procedure of punishment provided in sub-section (1) shall

be initiated by the concerned Conservator of Forests, subject to the
approval by the State Government.
79 (B). Certain officers bound to assist-
(1) Every officer of the Government including village level

functionaries by whatever description, shall give immediate
information to any officer of the Forest, Police and Revenue
Department when it come to his knowledge that a forest offence
is intended to be committed, or is being committed, or has been
committed, and every such officer of the Government, Panch,
Sarpanch, Kotwal or Villlage Police-officer and other village
officer who neglects to give such information shall be liable to
(2) The procedure of punishment shall be notified by the State

Government.
80 Management of forests the joint property of 80. Management of forests or waste-lands in joint interest of
Government and other persons- Government and other person (s) or in public interest-
(1) If the Government and any person be jointly interested in (1) If the Government and any person (s) be jointly interested in .
any forest or waste-land, or in the whole or any part of the any forest or waste-land belonging to that person (s), or in the
produce thereof, the State Government may either – whole or any part of the produce thereof, the State Government
may, on request of the owner of such forests or waste land,
either-
(a) undertake the management of such forest, waste-land or (a) issue such regulations for the management of the forest, waste-
produce, accounting to such person for his interest in the land or produce jointly by the Government and the person (s)
same; or interested, or
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(b) issue such regulations for the management of the forest, (b) undertake the management of such forest, waste-land or
waste-land or produce by the person so jointly interested as produce, accounting to such person (s) for his interest in the same.
it deems necessary for the management thereof and the
interests of all parties therein.
(2) When the State Government undertakes under clause (2) When the State Government undertakes the management of
(a) of sub-section (1) the management of any forest, waste- any forest, waste-land or produce either under clause (b) of sub-
land or produce, it may, by notification in the Official section (1), it may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare
Gazette, declare that any of the provisions contained in that any of the provisions contained in Chapters II and III of this
Chapters II and IV shall apply to such forest, waste-land or Act shall apply to such forest, waste-land or produce for a period
produce, and thereupon such provisions shall apply decided by the State Government.
accordingly.
80(A). Notification and promotion of Private Forest- .
(1) The State Government may recognize and notify private forest
at the request of the owner in a prescribed manner of such forest
provided such forest are used primarily for conservation and
preservation including protecting water catchments.
(2) Such notified private forest may also be permitted for nature
based tourism involving local communities and which is aimed at
improving local livelihoods.
(3) Such private forest shall be sustainably managed in accordance

with a Working Scheme prepared by a recognized forestry
institution or forestry experts or any other accredited charted
forester/ institution.
80(B). Power to Government to apply provisions of this Act to

certain lands of Government or local authorities-
(1) The Central or State Government, as the case may be, may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, declare that any of the
provisions of this Act shall apply to all or any of lands on the
banks of canals, or the sides of roads, or the sides of railway lines
or embankment of bunds which are the property of the State or
Central Government or a local authority, as the case may be, and
thereupon such provisions shall apply to such lands accordingly.
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(2) The State Government may, by notification in the Official

Gazette, declare that any of the provisions of this Act shall apply
to all or any part of unclassed State forest lands which are the
property of the State or a local authority and thereupon such
provisions shall apply to such forest lands.
80(C). Management of degraded forests or wastelands jointly
by the Government and the local body.
(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official

Gazette, adopt the practice of joint management by the
Government and the local body such as the Village Forest
Committee (VFC), of degraded forests and wastelands classified
as reserved, or protected or village forests or any other class of
forest/wasteland or lands notified under section 80.A of this Act.
(2) The State Government may provide for the constitution of the
Village Forest Committee (VFC) for participatory or Joint Forest
Management (JFM) of the degraded forests or wastelands
described in Sub-Section (1) and provide for :
(a) their constitution and registration, by Registration-officer,
(b) the composition, tenure, powers, duties, and responsibilities of

the Village Forest Committee,
(c) the conduct of election to the Committee,
(d) the qualification, disqualification of members of Village Forest

Committee, the dissolution of Committee and powers and duties
of Forest-officers thereof,
(e) the notification by the officer authorized by the State

Government of particular degraded forest or wasteland or any
other land for joint management for a time period specified
therein,
(f) sharing mechanism of forest produce from the area of joint

management, provided that in case Joint Forest Management is
practiced in State owned forest or wasteland, the share of VFC
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from the final harvest will be at least 33% of the net proceeds and
shall not exceed 49% in any case; the first charge of the State
share shall be for the regeneration/plantation of the harvested area.
(g) audit and accounts of the Village Forest Committee,
(h) the appointment of administrator or administrative committee,

and
(i) settlement of disputes
(3) State Government may notify any officer as Registration-

officer for the purpose of clause (a) of sub-section (2) and in
absence of such information, the Deputy Conservator of Forests of
the concerned Division shall be the Registration-officer.
(4) The rules to be framed in this regard, by the State Government,

may contain such other supplemental, incidental, and
consequential provisions as may be deemed necessary or
expedient for giving effect to the above provisions.
(5)The State Government or any officer authorized by the

Government may denotify the area of joint management before the
expiry of time prescribed under clause (e) of sub-section (2), if the
performance and impact of the joint forest management is not
satisfactory.
(6) All the provisions of penalties in respect of forests, from which

JFM area has been notified, will be applicable to the areas of JFM.
81. Failure to perform service for which a share in produce 81. Failure to perform service for which a share in produce of .
of Government forest is enjoyed- Government forest is enjoyed-
If any person be entitled to a share in the produce of any If any person be entitled to a share in the produce of any forest
forest which is the property of Government or over which which is the property of Government or over which the
the Government has proprietary rights or to any part of the Government has proprietary rights or to any part of the forest-
forest-produce of which the Government is entitled, upon produce of which the Government is entitled, upon the condition
the condition of duly performing any service connected of duly performing any service connected with such forest, such
with such forest, such share shall be liable to confiscation share shall be liable to confiscation in the event of the fact being
in the event of the fact being established to the satisfaction established to the satisfaction of the State Government that such
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of the State Government that such service is no longer so service is no longer so performed:
performed:
Provided that no such share shall be confiscated until the Provided that no such share shall be confiscated until the person
person entitled thereto, and the evidence, if any, which he entitled thereto, and the evidence, if any, which he may produce
may produce in proof of the due performance of such in proof of the due performance of such service, have been heard
service, have been heard by an officer duly appointed in by an officer duly appointed in that behalf by the State
that behalf by the State Government. Government.
82. Recovery of money due to Government- 82. Recovery of money due to Government-
All money payable to the Government under this Act, or All money payable to the Government under this Act, or under
under any rule made under this Act, or on account of the any rule made under this Act, or on account of the price of any
price of any forest-produce, or of expenses incurred in the forest-produce, or under any contract relating to timber or other
execution of this Act in respect of such produce, may, if forest produce, including any sum recoverable thereunder for the
not paid when due, be recovered under the law for the time breach thereof, or in consequence of its cancellation, or under the
being in force as if it were an arrear of land-revenue. terms of a notice relating to the sale of timber or other forest
produce by auction or by invitation of tenders issued by or under
the authority, of a Forest-officer and all compensation, including
accrued interest and compensation payable under section 68,
awarded to the Government under this Act, or of expenses
incurred in the execution of this Act in respect of such produce
may, if not paid when due, be recovered under the law for the time
being in force as if it were an arrear of land-revenue.
83. Lien on forest-produce for such money- 83.Lien on forest-produce for such money-
(1) When any such money is payable for or in respect of any (1) When any such money is payable for or in respect of any
forest-produce, the amount thereof shall be deemed to be a forest-produce, the amount thereof shall be deemed to be a first
first charge on such produce, and such produce may be charge on such produce, and such produce may be taken
taken possession of by a Forest-officer until such amount possession of by a Forest-officer until such amount has been paid.
has been paid.
(2) If such amount is not paid when due, the Forest-officer (2) If such amount is not paid when due, the Forest-officer may
may sell such produce by public auction, and the proceeds sell such produce by public auction, and the proceeds of the sale
of the sale shall be applied first in discharging such shall be applied first in discharging such amount.
amount.
(3) The surplus, if any, if not claimed within two months from (3) The surplus, if any, if not claimed within two months from the
the date of the sale by the person entitled thereto, shall be date of the sale by the person entitled thereto, shall be forfeited to
forfeited to Government. Government.
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(4) The deficit, if any, shall be recovered as an arrear of land-

revenue as prescribed in section 82.
84. Land required under this Act to be deemed to be 84. Land required under this Act to be deemed to be needed
needed for a public purpose under the Land for a public purpose under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894-
Acquisition Act, 1894-
Whenever it appears to the State Government that any land is
Whenever it appears to the State Government that any land required for any of the purpose of this Act, such land shall be
is required for any of the purpose of this Act, such land deemed to be needed for a public purpose within the meaning of
shall be deemed to be needed for a public purpose within section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894.
the meaning of section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act,
1894.
85. Recovery of penalties due under bond- 85. Recovery of penalties due under bond-
(1) When any person, in accordance with any provision of this (1) When any person, in accordance with any provision of this
Act, or in compliance with any rule made thereunder, binds Act, or in compliance with any rule made thereunder, binds
himself by any bond or instrument to perform any duty or himself by any bond or instrument to perform any duty or act, or
act, or covenants by any bond or instrument that he, or that covenants by any bond or instrument that he, or that he and his
he and his servants and agents will abstain from any act, servants and agents will abstain from any act, the whole sum
the whole sum mentioned in such bond or instrument as the mentioned in such bond or instrument as the amount to be paid in
amount to be paid in case of a breach of the conditions case of a breach of the conditions thereof may, notwithstanding
thereof may, notwithstanding anything in section 74 of the anything in section 74 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (9 of
Indian Contract Act, 1872 (9 of 1872), to be recovered 1872), to be recovered from him in case of such breach as if it
from him in case of such breach as if it were an arrear of were an arrear of land-revenue
land-revenue.
(2) If any question arises whether there has been a breach of any
of the conditions of such bond or instrument;
(a) as to the sum to be paid for such breach;
(b) as to the person liable to pay such sum;
(c) the question shall be preferred to, and after giving notice to the
person concerned and after considering his objection (if any), be
decided by an officer not below the rank of the Conservator of
forests authorized by the State Government in this behalf and his
decision shall be final.
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85.A Saving for rights of Central Government- 85(A). Saving for rights of Central Government.
Nothing in this Act shall authorize a Government of any Nothing in this Act shall authorize a Government of any state to
state to make any order or do anything in relation to any make any order or do anything in relation to any property not
property not vested in that State or otherwise prejudice vested in that State or otherwise prejudice any rights of the
any rights of the Central Government or the Government Central Government or the Government or the Government of any
or the Government of any other State without the consent other State without the consent of the Government concerned.
of the Government concerned.
86. Repeal by the Repealing and Amending Act. 1947 (2 of 86. Repeal of earlier enactments and provisions/processes of
1948), s.2 and Sch. those enactment to be retained-
(1) THE SCHEDULE – (1) As from the commencement of this Act, every other Act
[Enactment replaced.] Rep. by s.2 and Sch., ibid relating to any matter contained in this Act and in force in a State
shall, to the extent to which that Act or any provision contained
therein corresponds, or is repugnant, to this Act or any provision
contained in this Act, stand repealed; provided that such repeal
shall not –
(a) affect the previous operation of the Act so repealed, or

anything duly done or suffered there under;
(b) affect any right, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or

incurred under this Act so repealed;
(c) affect any investigations, legal proceedings or remedy in

respect to any such right, privilege, obligation or liability
acquired, accrued or incurred under the Act so repealed;
(d) affect any investigation, legal proceeding or remedy in respect

of any such right, privilege, obligation, liability, penalty,
forfeiture, or punishment as aforesaid; and any such investigation,
legal proceeding or remedy may be instituted, continued or
enforced and any such penalty, forfeiture and punishment may be
imposed, as if the aforesaid Act had not been repealed.
(2) Notwithstanding such repeal –
(a) anything done or any action taken under the Act so repealed
(including any notification, order, certificate notice or receipt
issued, application made, or permit granted) which is not
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inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, be deemed to have

been or is being taken under the corresponding provisions of this
Act as if this Act were in force at the time such a thing was done
or action was taken, and shall continue to be in force, unless and
until superseded by anything done or action taken under this Act.
(b) every license granted under any Act so repealed and in force
immediately before the commencement of this Act shall be
deemed to have been granted under the corresponding provisions
of this Act and shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, continue
to be in force for the unexpired portion of the period for which
such license had been granted.
(3) For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that any

reserved forests or protected forest declared by a State
Government under any act repealed under sub-section (1) shall be
deemed to be a reserved forest or protected forest, as the case may
be, declared by the State Government under this Act. But the
village forest notified out of a reserved forest, under the Indian
Forest (Amendment) Act, 2019 or under any State Forest Act will
cease to be village forest from the date of this Act comes into
force.
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C H A P T E R XIV
OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF FORESTS
Section Indian Forest Act, 1927 Proposed amendment (with new section). Comments of State/UT
Government
1 2 3 4
OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF FORESTS
87. Working Plans-
(1) The State Government shall, from time to time, cause to be

prepared working plans for reserved and protected forests and
working scheme for village forests, unclassed forests and Council/
Community forests and for any other area identified as forests
requiring management.
(2) Every working plan shall regulate, as hereinafter provided, the

management of the forest described in the said working plan for
such period, not exceeding fifteen years, as may be stated in the
working plan and in conformity with the objectives of
management therein stated.
Provided that every such working plan shall, as far as possible,

ensure to meet the rights, privileges and concessions admitted in
such forest and also to meet the bonafide domestic requirements
of the neighbouring people in respect of small timber, firewood,
edible forest-produce, cut and baled grass and fodder etc., on such
terms and conditions as may be deemed fit by the State
Government.
(3) Every such working plan, subject to general or specific

guidelines, which the Central or the State Government may issue
from time to time, shall specify with respect to the working
period, -
(a) the regeneration, afforestation and silvicultural operations to

be carried out;
(b) the maximum area from or the maximum quantity of forest-

produce that may be sustainably available for harvesting or both,
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as deemed fit;
(c) the conservation and other operations to be carried out; and ;
(d) such other matters as the Head of the Forest Department of the
State concerned may deem fit.
(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other Act, every

working plan shall be approved by the Central Government.
Working plan so approved, shall have effect according to its
tenure from a date specified therein, and shall not be altered
except by the approval of competent authority notified by the
Central government.
(5) There shall be working scheme for village forests, unclassed

forests and council forests and other area identified as forests
requiring forest management. The working scheme for these
categories shall be approved by state government.
(6) Nothing contained in chapter II, III and IV of this Act shall
deem to prohibit any act done or permitted to be done by a Forest-
officer in accordance with the approved working plan/schemes
prescriptions.
(6) Without prejudice to the rights existing in any reserved or

protected forest, no tree shall be felled nor any timber be removed
from such forest except in accordance with an approved working
plan or working schemes in the case of other forests;
Provided that where there is no current working plan for any

reserved or protected forest or working scheme for other forest on
the date of coming into force of this Act, the State Government
may, by a special order, permit afforestation of degraded forests
which does not involve the cutting and removal of any timber, for
a period not exceeding five years from the date of coming into
force of this Act.
Explanation: The micro plan prepared for joint forest

management area shall be within the framework of approved
working plan.
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87(A). Existing Working Plans, etc. to be valid-
For the purpose of this Act, the existing working plans duly
approved by the Central Government or the working schemes
duly approved by the State Government before coming into force
of this Act shall be deemed to be approved working plans/schemes
for their period of validity, not exceeding fifteen years from the
date of notification of this Act.
88. Prohibition of working in certain areas-
Notwithstanding anything contained in section 87, the Central

Government may, by a notification in the Official Gazette, specify
areas of ecological, floral, faunal, geomorphologic , silvicultural,
zoological, hydrological association or importance as conservation
reserve or community reserve and prohibit or regulate felling of
trees or harvesting of any other forest-produce in such area or
suspend pasturage of livestock therein, to enable such area to
recover its optimum protective and productive functions.
89. National Forestry Board-
(1) The Central Government shall within six months of this

amendment in the Act coming into force constitute the National
Forestry Board (hereinafter referred as “NFB”).
(2) The National Forestry Board shall consist of the following

members.
(i) the Prime Minister of India, as Chairperson;
(ii) the Minister of Environment and Forests, Government of

India, In-charge of Forest, as Vice Chairperson;
(iii) three Members of Parliament of whom two shall be from the

House of People(Lok Sabha) & one from the Council of States.
(iv) five persons to represent non-governmental organizations to

be nominated by the Central Government.
Ten persons to be nominated by the Central Government from
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amongst eminent conservationists, ecologists and persons having

experience of working in the forests.
(v) one representative of the Tribal Cooperative/federation

nominated by the Government of India;
(vi) two specialist organization or institution to be decided by the

Government of India.
(vii) Chief of the Army Staff.
(viii) Secretary of the following Ministries in the Government of

India as members:
(a) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change;
(b) Ministry of Rural Development;
(c) Ministry of Finance;
(d) Ministry of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmers Welfare;
(e) Ministry of Commerce& Industry;
(f) Ministry of Science and Technology;
(g) Ministry of Tribal Affairs;
(h) Ministry of Water Resources;
(i) Department of Bio-Technology;
(j) Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries;
(k) Ministry of Energy, Department of non- conventional Energy

Sources;
(l) Ministry of Defence;
(m) Ministry of Panchayati Raj.
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(ix) The Director General of Forests and Special Secretary to the

Government of India;
(x) five Principal Chief Conservator of Forests and HoFFs’ of

States/ UTs as members on rotational basis;
(xi) Director, Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy, Dehradun;

Additional Director General of Forests (Wildlife);
(xii) Additional Director General of Forests (FC);
(xiii) Director General, Indian Council of Forestry Research and

Education, Dehradun;
(xiv) Director, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal;
(xv) Director General, Forest Survey of India, Dehradun;
(xvi) Additional Director General of Forests (Forest Conservation)

as Member Secretary;
(xvii) IGF , Forest Policy, Member Secretary
(xviii) The Board may invite any person as a special invitee.
(3) The term of the office of the members other than those who are
members ex-officio, the manner of filling vacancies and the
procedure to be followed in discharge of their functions by the
members of the National Forestry Board shall be such as may be
prescribed.
(4) The members except members ex-officio shall be entitled to

receive such allowances in respect of the expenses incurred in the
performance of their duties as the Central Government may
prescribe.
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the

time being in force, the office of the member of the National
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Forestry Board shall not be deemed to be an office of profit.
89(A). Standing Committee of the National Forestry Board-
(1) The National Forestry Board may, in its discretion, constitute a

Standing Committee for the purpose of exercising such powers
and performing such duties as may be delegated to the Committee
by the National Board.
(2) The Standing Committee shall consist of the Vice-

Chairperson, the Member-Secretary, and not more than ten
members to be nominated by the Vice-Chairperson from amongst
the members of the National Board.
(3) The National Forestry Board may constitute committees, sub-

committees or study groups, as may be necessary, from time to
time in proper discharge of the function assigned to it.
89(B). Role and Functions of the National Forestry Board-
NBF will play the role of oversight to see that the country’s
forests are protected, conserved and managed sustainably. The
functions of the Board will be to aid and advise the Central and
State Governments/Union Territory Administrations on all matters
concerning forest conservation and sustainable forest management
as well as related matters which may arise from time to time. In
discharging this role, the Board will be specially concerned with
the following:
(i) National Forest Policy;

(ii) Forest Conservation;
(iii) legislation on Forest Conservation and Development;
(iv) inter-State matters relating to forests and forest-produce;
(v) identification of broad areas of Forest Research, Education
and training ;
(vi) reviewing and proposing recommendations based on
Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs).
(vii) making recommendations on the thrust necessary to achieve
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the objectives in the forestry sector and evaluation of forestry

programmes;
(vii) appointment of Committee/Sub-Committee/ Working Groups
to take up the studies of areas identified by the NFB to be of
national importance.
89(C). Meeting of the National Forestry Board (NFB)- .
The NFB shall meet at least once a year and regulate its own
procedure. In the absence of the Chairperson, the Vice Chairperson
shall preside over the meeting of the NFB.
90. National Forest Funds-
(1) There will be following funds to address restoration,

development, improvement and sustainable management of forests
and forest biodiversity.
(a) National Forest Landscape Restoration Fund-
it will include funds from the public sources as well as

international/bilateral grants & loans.
(b) National Forest Development Trust Fund; it will include all

the funds received from private/ corporate sources including
contributions under CSR for restoration, development and
sustainable management of forests.
(2) he funds will be managed by a Steering Committee of the

National Forestry Board as per the rules made by the Central
Government in this regard.
91. State Forest Funds-
(1) There will be following funds to address restoration,

development, improvement and sustainable management of forests
and forest biodiversity.
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(a) State Forest Landscape Restoration Fund-
it will include funds from the public sources as well as

international/bilateral grants & loans and the grants/contribution
made by the Central Government.
(b) State Forest Development Trust Fund-
it will include all the funds received from private/ corporate

sources including contribution under CSR for restoration,
development and sustainable management of forest.
The funds will be managed by a Steering Committee appointed

by the State Government as per the rules made by the State
Government in this regard.
***
123

Ammendment of 2019 To Indian Forest Act 2027

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Secret

INDIAN FOREST ACT 1927 THE INDIAN FOREST ACT, 2019

Be it enacted in the year …………………. by the

(2) “claimant” in respect of any land means a person,

possessed whether under, through or by any lease or

(3) “community” is a group of persons specified on the

(4) “village forest” means the village forests referred to

The term “forest” includes meadows, grassland,

(6) “forest land” means land of any description notified,

(7) “Reserved Forests” means the reserved forests

(8) “Protected Forests” means the protected forests

(9) “Unclassed Forests” means all demarcated or un-

(10) “production forests” may be defined as notified by

(4) “forest-produce” includes– (13) “forest-produce” includes–

(iii) wild animals and skins, tusks, horns, bones, Deleted.

Explanation: The forest produce will not include

(17) “licensee” means any person to whom a license is

(18) “local body” means any organization or committee

(19) “Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP)” includes all

(21) “person” includes a, or a forest dwelling

(22) “plantation” means a forest crop raised artificially,

either by sowing or planting.

(23) “pollution” has the same meaning as in the

(24) “river” includes any stream, canal, creek or other

(26) “saw-mill” means the plant and machinery with

(27) “saw pit” means a place where wood is sawn by

(28) “shifting cultivation” means cultivation of forest

(The tribal shall be notified tribes as per Central

(31) “Bark" means the hard outer covering of the

(32) “usufruct” means forest produce that may be

(33) “vehicle” means any conveyance used for .

(34) “village forest management committee” or “joint

(35) “working plan” or a “working scheme” means a

(36) “fishing" includes collection fish by any

(37) "waste material" includes solid, liquid or

primary use, or any poisonous materials, rubbish, junk,

(38) “wild animal" means any animal specified in .

(39) “habitat” means an ecological or natural area

(40) "carbon sequestration” means and includes the

(41) “encroachment” means any attempt to or carrying

(2) Where the Central Government, for considerations

4. Notification by State Government 4. Notification by State Government

(4) A Forest-officer hereafter called “presenting

officer”, not below the rank of Forest Ranger, as

5. Bar on accrual of forest rights. 5. Bar on accrual of forest rights.

(b) no house, shed or other structure shall be built or

(c) no person shall set fire or kindle or leave burning

Rights) Act, 2006 and rules made in this Act.

(3) Save as otherwise provided in this Act, no Civil

6. Proclamation by Forest Settlement-officer-- 6. Proclamation by Forest Settlement-officer--

(2) State Government shall have the power to extend the

7. Inquiry by Forest Settlement-officer-- 7. Inquiry by Forest Settlement-officer--

9. Extinction of rights-- 9. Extinction of rights--

(b) in all other cases not covered under the Forest

cultivation therein under such conditions as he may

(a) by altering the limits of the land under settlement so

(b) by causing certain portions of the land under

Provided that the practice of shifting cultivation shall