CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

This chapter presents the following topic such as introduction,

background of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study

and scope and limitation.

INTRODUCTION

A residential house is generally a shelter or building that is a dwelling

or place for habitation by human beings. The social unit that lives in a house

is known as a household. Most commonly, a household is a family unit of

some kind, though households can be other social groups, such as single

persons, or groups of unrelated individuals.

Philippine residential properties have seen tremendous improvements

in design and quality. This is one of the feats of civil engineering to produce

and construct a building which is durable, affordable and convenient and

provide with necessary amenities.

A proposed Construction of Five-Storey Residential Building fits to the

demand of residential buyers who seems to be more discerning of these

residential properties. This project proposal will be located in Masapang,

Victoria Laguna. It has an approximate land area of 1,800 square meters. It

will cover a total floor area of 3,366 square meters. The proposed structure is
a Five Storey Residential Building. It has several goals with specialized

functions. It includes a living area, dining area, bedroom, and washing and

lavatory areas. It is made by concrete, columns beams, and stairs.

The study provides essential information and guidelines in the design

and plan of infrastructure that involves different methods. The quality and

stability of an infrastructure depends on the proper and appropriate used of

the different methods as well as on the type of materials used in the design.

In making the complete set of it, a civil engineer makes sure that it

follows laws, codes, and specifications given by organizations and even the

government.

BACKGOUND OF THE STUDY

Victoria is a 4th class municipality in the province of Laguna,

Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 33,829

people in 6,128 households.

It is southeast of Laguna de Bay, 90 km south of Manila and bordered

by the Municipality of Calauan to the southwest, Nagcarlan to the southeast

and Pila to the northeast. The municipality has a total land area of 22.83

square kilometres which is 1.30% of the total land area of the province of

Laguna.
Figure 1: Map of Victoria

Now that technology is such an integrated part of our lives, it makes

perfect sense that many individuals would like to upgrade their homes. A

modern house design can provide interested home owners, realtors and

construction companies with the perfect blueprint for building today’s modern

home.

The basic concept of modern house design is to create a living space

that is very unique, innovative and modern, while still being a space that is

comfortable, convenient, welcoming and inhabitable. Thousands of modern

contemporary house designs are created every year, but only some of those

custom modern house designs make the grade. Rustic modern house
 designs mat not always be what the majority of people are looking for,

but they certainty have their place for certain designs and future home

owners.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

Our study aims to design, construct and to develop an overlapping

structures in order to be different in the usual rectangular or square shaped

building.

The study is also to provide unique and convenient housing facilities

that are ideal for families who are considering an upgrade of their existing

homes. It is design to optimized the use of an urban self-contained residential

in terms of designing an overlapping building

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In the conduction of the study, it is making a question of whether the

proposed construction will be feasible or not. Specifically the authors will try to

seek to find answers to the following questions:

1. Is the project feasible?

3. What are the construction materials procedures needed?

4. How much will the project cost?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study bears the following significance:

• Researchers- The significance of this project is to enhance the skills of

the researchers in their field of study as Civil Engineering students; this

would prepare the researcher for their future profession.

- This project would also serve as a reference material for

researchers who will undertake similar studies. This offers a lot of

importance to students and others who needs more details an

information regarding the design of a residential building.

• Students – It can serve as source of information related to their subject

and training that they may adopt methodologies and concept employed

in this study. And also, to serve as reference for the research, design

of related structures and as an additional pattern/ design of a building.

resource for their students.

• Readers – They will be able to appreciate the student’s capability in

designing or developing such project proposal.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The Proposed Construction of Five Storey Residential Building with

Deck will cover the technical aspects in designing and constructing a

structure, design of reinforced concrete structure, estimates and

specifications of the proposed project.

Other factors relevant to the study are included. However, the design

and computation of loads are not specifically provided in the study.

CONCEPETUAL FRAMEWORK

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES

This chapter consists of the following topic, such as the review of

related literature and related studies, the research paradigm, the definition of

terms used and the project design.

Related Literature

Project Design

Concrete Masonry Construction

Concrete masonry construction is well recognized for its fire safety

qualities, durability, noise control, and strength. Like most alternative to

conventional wood-framed construction installed maybe in local issue that

needs to be balance against other factors. For example, in hurricane-prone

areas such as Florida, standard concrete masonry construction dominates the

market where its performance in major hurricanes has been favourable when

nominally reinforced using conventional practice. Nonetheless, at national

level, masonry above grade wall construction represents less than 10 percent

of annual housing starts. (www.wikipedia.org)

Concrete block construction has many advantages. Concrete homes

do not suffer from insect damage and do well in hurricane conditions.

Concrete block makes an energy efficient home. www.askthebuilder.com

The thermal mass created in a concrete block home has numerous

advantages. There is far less air infiltration if the home is built well. Concrete

block homes are virtually soundproof if you purchase high-quality windows

and doors that have excellent weather stripping. The void space between the

window and block must also be sealed well to stop air that acts as a sound-

transmission conduit between outdoor noise and your ears inside the home.

The thick masonry walls also help to maintain comfort within the home,

especially if they are well insulated. Keep in mind that Native Americans used

mud and masonry homes to stay cool in the extreme temperatures of the

desert southwest.

Concrete block has been used for years to build residential homes.

During the 1950's in many parts of the nation, four-inch hollow block was

used as the back-up masonry material for brick homes. The outside of the

home was brick, but the inside rough surface was concrete block. Furring

strips were nailed to the concrete block and plaster or drywall was then

applied as the interior finish surface.

The biggest hurdle will be finding a builder that is familiar with concrete block.

All too often certain building methods and techniques get kicked to the curb in

favour of newer methods. New does not always mean better, not by a long

shot. What's more, there have been many innovations with concrete block

over the years. Any decent concrete block supplier can astound you with all of

the possibilities and advancements in simple concrete block.

Tools and Equipments

Backhoe loaders are very common and can be used for a wide
variety of tasks: construction, small demolitions, light transportation
of building materials, powering building equipment, digging
holes/excavating, landscaping, breaking asphalt, and paving roads.
The backhoe bucket can also be replaced with powered
attachments such as a breaker, grapple, auger, or a stump grinder.
Enhanced articulation of attachments can be achieved with
intermediate attachments such as the tilt rotator. Many backhoes
feature quick-attach mounting systems and auxiliary hydraulic
circuits for simplified attachment mounting, dramatically increasing
the machine s utilization on the job site. Some loader buckets have
a retractable bottom or "clamshell", enabling it to empty its load
more quickly and efficiently. Retractable-bottom loader buckets are
also often used for grading and scraping. The front assembly may
be a removable attachment or permanently mounted. Often the
bucket can be replaced with other devices or tools. The backhoe
loader must be equipped with a tool coupler in order to mount
different attachments to the loader. A tool coupler consists of two
hydraulic cylinders on the end of the loader arm assembly, which
can expand and retract allowing different tools to be attached to the
unit. Advanced coupler like the tilt rotator allows for greater
articulation of attachments and makes the backhoe an effective tool
carrier.
Manpower Salary

In article written in (www.buiddirect.com) at in the building construction

there is a need of scheduling the amount of manpower for a given activity with

a given duration. It involves how many people will need to construct the

project. There is need to schedule acceleration which can be either increase

the number of people or the amount of time the person work in a day.

Related Studies

Project Design

The project design of our study contains a five storey which composed

of 4 rooms in each floor. This design is an overhang structure building.

Supplies and Materials

The supplies of materials that will be use in the construction must be

continue, to be able to finish it in the estimated time. The materials that are

used are concrete which is very important, it is a construction material

composed of cement. The reinforcing steel bars are used in reinforced

concrete and masonry. The concrete hollow blocks are also used in for
constructing walls. The said materials are the main and mostly used in the

project, others are basic and used for its purposes.

Tools and Equipments

The tools and equipments used were as follows: dump truck which is

use to transfer the soil excavated from the site; vibrators for which the needed

steel materials were being held up; concrete mixer for which the cement,

sand and gravel were mix for the construction. These equipments are use to

simplify the works and to do the heavy works.

Manpower Salary

Manpower is strongly needed in any endeavour. Salary is given to

those who are willing to work and with responsible acts during the work. This

salary should be given on time and with right for the kind of work they are

doing.

During the construction of the proposed building, the neighbourhood

will benefit. They were usually hire for the construction and at the same time

economic growth of the community will boost.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Projectppp
 Project Design

(Architectural Design)
Five- Storey Residential

 Supplies and Materials Building

 Tools and Equipments

 Manpower Salary

Figure 2: Research Paradigm

Research Paradigm of this study includes two variables: the

independent and the dependent variable. To come up with the output or the

dependent variable which is a Five-Storey Residential Building, the need for

the independent variable must come first. The independent variable of this

conceptual framework includes the design or plan of the said building, the

supplies and materials, tools and equipments, and Manpower salary.

Project Design (Architectural Design)

Supplies and Equipment- the tools used in constructing a building

Tools and Equipments

Manpower Salary- The group people who uses their strength in order to

construct the building and to serve their fellows.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter consists of the following topic such as supplies and

materials, labor /cost / manpower salary, tools and equipments, construction

procedure, manpower schedule, construction time frame and cost of

construction.