DESIGN OF COLUMN FOOTING

(INTERIOR)

DESIGN CRITERIA:

fy = 276 MPa

f’c = 20.7 MPa

q a = 150 kPa ( allowable soil pressure )

ɣc = 23.54 kN/m³ ( Unit Weight of Concrete )

ɣs = 17.5 kN/m³ ( Unit Weight of Steel )

Column size = 400x400mm

Loads

P DL = Reaction due to Dead Load + Wt. of column + Wt. of column(10%)

= 60.723kN + 48.731kN + 88.843kN + 74.956kN + (23.54kN/m³)(0.4m)(0.4m)

(8.4m) + (23.54kN/m³)(0.4m)(0.4m)(8.4m)(0.1)

= 308.05 kN

P¿ = Reaction due to Live Load

= (58.65+25.83+17.943+23.876) kN
 = 126.299 kN

Assume:

h c = 0.4m (depth of concrete)

h s = 1.4m (depth of soil above the footing)

Solve for SOIL UNFACTORED LOAD (P)

P = P DL + P¿

P = 308.05Kn+126.299kN

= 434.349kN

Solve for EFFECTIVE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY( q e)

q e = q a - h c (ɣ c ) - h s ¿ ¿ )

= 150kPa – (0.90)(23.54kN/m³) – (1.4m)(17.5kN/m³)

= 116.0841kPa

Solving for the area of footing:

P
A ftg =
qe

439.349 kN
=
116.084 kN /m²
 = 3.74 m² or 3.8 m²

L² = 3.8 m²

L = 1.95 m say 2.0 m

FOOTING DIMENSION = 2m by 2m

Area = 4m²

Solve for SOIL FACTORED LOAD ( PU )

Case 1: PU = 1.4 P DL

= 1.4(308.05kN)

= 431.27kN

Case 2: PU = 1.2 P DL+1.6P¿

= 1.2(308.05kN)+1.6(126.299kN)

= 571.74 kN

Case 2 governs; PU = 571.74kN

Computing for the Factored Upward Pressure

PU
qU =
A ftg

571.75 kN
=
4m²

= 142kN/m² = 0.142 MPa

Use 20mmØ bar with 70mm cc

Ø
d = t – cc - = 400mm – 70mm –20/2mm = 320 mm
2

FAILURE MODES:

a. Based on two-way or punching shear

A shaded = (2mx2m) – (0.72m)(0.72m)

= 3.482m = 3482000 mm

vu = q u ( A shaded)

= 0.142MPa(3482000mm)

= 494.444kN

v c = ⅙ √ f ' c bd

= ⅙ √20.7 MPa(4)(400mm+320mm)

= 698.84kN

v c> vu therefore, the section is safe.

ɸv c = 0.75(⅙) √ f ' cbd

= 0.75(698.84kN)

= 524.13kN

ɸv c > vu , therefore it is safe for punching.

 b. Based in Wide-Beam Shear

q u = 0.142MPa

d = 320mm

vup = vu A

= 0.142MPa(800mm-320mm)(2000mm)

= 136.32kN

v c = ⅙ √ f ' c bd

= ⅙ √20.7 MPa(2000mm)(320mm)

= 485.3kN

v c> vu . Therefore, the section is safe.

Solving for the reinforcement:

M u = q u(X)(L)(X/2)

= 0.142MPa(800)(2000)(800/2)

= 90.88 kN.m

Mu
Rn =
ɸbd

90.88 kN . m
=
0.90(2000)(3202 )

= 0.493 MPa
 0.85 f ' c 2 Rn
ρ=
fy √
(1− 1− '
0.85 f c
)

0.85(20.7 MPa) 2(0.493 MPa)

=
276 MPa
(1− 1−
√
0.85(20.7 MPa)
)

= 0.0018

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276MPa = 0.00507

Use ρmin = 0.00507

Computing for Area of steel:

A s= ρmin bd

= 0.00507(2000mm)(320mm)

= 3244.8mm²

Required number of steel bars:

Using 20mmØ bar ( Ab =314.16mm²)

As 3244.8 mm ²
N= = = 10.32 or say 11 pcs.
Ab 314.16 mm ²

Solve for spacing:

Ab
S= (2000mm)
As

314.16 mm ²
= (2000mm) = 193.54 mm
3244.8 mm ²

Adjust to 180mm spacing.

Use 11 – 20mm Ø bars spaced at 180 mm o.c.

Check for Development length

From Section 5.12.2 of the code, for 32mm bar and smaller and deformed wires,

0.02 A b fy
Ld =
√f ' c

0.02(314.16 mm 2 )(276 MPa)

=
√ 20.7 MPa

= 381.16 say 400mm

Ld = 0.06dbfy

= 0.06(20mm)(276MPa)

= 331 say 350 mm

Minimum area of dowel or extension bars by the code.

A = 0.005(400mmx400mm)

= 800mm²

Use 2m x 2m footing with an effective depth of 320 mm.

 DESIGN OF COLUMN FOOTING

(EXTERIOR)

DESIGN CRITERIA:

fy = 276 MPa

f’c = 20.7 MPa

q a = 150 kPa ( allowable soil pressure )

ɣc = 23.54 kN/m³ ( Unit Weight of Concrete )

ɣs = 17.5 kN/m³ ( Unit Weight of Steel )

Column size = 400x400mm

Loads

P DL = Reaction due to Dead Load + Wt. of column + Wt. of column(10%)

 = 126.610kN + 88.483kN + 32.016kN + 60.137kN + (23.54kN/m³)(0.4m)(0.4m)

(8.4m) + (23.54kN/m³)(0.4m)(0.4m)(8.4m)(0.1)

= 342.09kN

P¿ = Reaction due to Live Load

= (10.451+13.921+30.180+11.626) kN

= 66.18kN

Assume:

h c = 0.4m (depth of concrete)

h s = 1.4m (depth of soil above the footing)

Solve for SOIL UNFACTORED LOAD (P)

P = P DL + P¿

P = 342.09kN+66.18kN

= 408.27kN

Solve for EFFECTIVE SOIL BEARING CAPACITY( q e)

q e = q a - h c (ɣ c ) - h s ¿ ¿ )

= 150kPa – (0.40)(23.54kN/m³) – (1.4m)(17.5kN/m³)

 = 116.0841kPa

Solving for the area of footing:

P
A ftg =
qe

408.27 kN
=
116.084 kN /m²

= 3.517 m² or 3.6 m²

L² = 3.6 m²

L = 1.89 m say 2.0 m

FOOTING DIMENSION = 2m by 2m

Area = 4m²

Solve for SOIL FACTORED LOAD ( PU )

Case 1: PU = 1.4 P DL

= 1.4(342.09kN)

= 478.93kN

Case 2: PU = 1.2 P DL+1.6P¿

= 1.2(342.09kN)+1.6(66.18kN)

= 516.396kN
Case 2 governs; PU = 516.396kN

Computing for the Factored Upward Pressure

PU
qU =
A ftg

516.396 kN
=
4m²

= 129.009kN/m² = 0.129 MPa

Use 20mmØ bar with 70mm cc

Ø
d = t – cc - = 400mm – 70mm – 20/2mm = 320 mm
2

FAILURE MODES:

a. Based on two-way or punching shear

A shaded = (2mx2m) – (0.72m)(0.72m)

= 3.482m² = 3482000 mm²

vu = q u ( A shaded)

= 0.129MPa(3482000mm)

= 449.18kN

v c = ⅙ √ f ' c bd

= ⅙ √20.7 MPa(4)(400mm+320mm)

= 698.84kN
 v c> vu therefore, the section is safe.

ɸ v c = 0.75(⅙) √ f ' cbd

= 0.75(698.84kN)

= 524.13kN

ɸ v c > vu , therefore it is safe for punching.

b. Based in Wide-Beam Shear

q u = 0.129MPa

d = 320mm

vup = vu A

= 0.129MPa(800mm-320mm)(2000mm)

= 123.84kN

v c = ⅙ √ f ' c bd

= ⅙ √20.7 MPa(2000mm)(320mm)

= 485.3kN

v c> vu . Therefore, the section is safe.

Solving for the reinforcement:

M u = q u(X)(L)(X/2)

= 0.129MPa(800)(2000)(800/2)
 = 82.56kN.m

Mu
Rn =
ɸ bd

82.56 kN . m
= 2
0.90(2000)(320 )

= 0.447 MPa

0.85 f ' c 2 Rn
ρ=
fy √
(1− 1−
0.85 f ' c
)

0.85(20.7 MPa) 2(0.447 MPa)

=
276 MPa
(1− 1−
√
0.85(20.7 MPa)
)

= 0.00164

ρmin = 1.4/fy = 1.4/276MPa = 0.00507

Use ρmin = 0.00507

Computing for Area of steel:

A s= ρmin bd

= 0.00507(2000mm)(320mm)

= 3244.8mm²

Required number of steel bars:

Using 20mmØ bar ( Ab =314.16mm²)

As 3244.8 mm ²
N= = = 10.32 or say 11 pcs.
Ab 314.16 mm ²
Solve for spacing:

Ab
S= (2000mm)
As

314.16 mm ²
= (2000mm) = 193.54 mm
3244.8 mm ²

Adjust to 180mm spacing.

Use 11 – 20mm Ø bars spaced at 180 mm o.c.

Check for Development length

From Section 5.12.2 of the code, for 32mm bar and smaller and deformed wires,

0.02 A b fy
Ld =
√f ' c

0.02(314.16 mm2 )(276 MPa)

=
√20. 7 MPa

= 381.16 say 400mm

Ld = 0.06dbfy

= 0.06(20mm)(276MPa)

= 331 say 350 mm

Minimum area of dowel or extension bars by the code.

A = 0.005(400mmx400mm)
 = 800mm²

Use 2m x 2m footing with an effective depth of 320 mm.

DESIGN OF WALL FOOTING

f’c = 20.7 MPa

fy = 276 MPa

Q a = 150 kPa (assumed)

W s = 17.5kN/m³ (Unit weight of Soil)

W c = 23.54kN/m³ (Unit weight of concrete)

H = 0.60 (assumed height)

W CHB = 16.98kPa (Masonry works with Plastered both sides)

Use 150mm x 200mm x 400mm CHB

Effective Soil Bearing Capacity (Q e )

 d = h e – 75mm = 200mm – 75mm = 125 mm or 0.125m

Q e = Q a - W c he - W s h s - W c hb

= 150kPa – (23.54kN/m³)(0.2m) – (17.5kN/m³)(0.4m) – (16.98kN/m²)

(0.15)

= 135.751kN/m²

Consider 1m strip of wall

Required width (W)

W DL = 1m(23.54kN/m³)(0.2m) + 1m(16.98kN/m³)(3.3m)

= 60.742kN/m

60.742 kN /m
W= = 0.447m or 500mm
135.75 kN /m ²

Bearing Pressure for Strength Design, (q u)

1.4 W DL
qu = [ ] = 1.4 ¿ ¿
W

= 170.1 kN/m²

Design for Shear (V u)

At distance “d” from the face of the wall.

W wall thickness
s= –d-
2 2

0.5 m 0.15 m
= – 0.125m -
2 2
 = 0.5m or 50mm

V u = q u(s)(1m strip) = 170.1kN/m²(0.05m)(1m)

= 8.5kN

6Vu 6 (8.5 kN )
d= = = 29.86mm
'
0.75 √ f c b 0.75 √ 20.7 MPa(500mm)

d < 125mm assumed d, ok!

W wall thickness 0.5 m 0.15 m

k= - = - = 0.175
2 2 2 2

M u = k(q u)(1m(k/2)

= 0.175(170.1kN/m²)(1m)(0.175/2) = 2.6 kN.m

Mu 2.6 x 106 N .mm

Rn = = = 0.36 MPa
Øbd 0.90(500 mm)(125 mm)²

Solve for ρ:

0.85 f ' c 2 Rn
ρ=
fy √
(1− 1−
0.85 f ' c
)

0.85(20.7 MPa) 2(0.449 MPa)

=
276 MPa
(1− 1−
√
0.85(20.7 MPa)
)

= 0.00148 < ρmin = 0.00507

Use ρmin .

Area of steel:

A s= ρmin bd
 = 0.00507(1000mm)(150mm)

= 633.75mm²

Required number of steel bars:

Using 12mmØ bar ( Ab =113.097mm²)

As 633.75 mm ²
N= = = 5.6 or say 6 pcs.
Ab 113.097 mm ²

Solve for spacing:

Ab
S= (2000mm)
As

113.097mm ²
= (1000mm) = 178.46 mm
633.75 mm ²

Adjust to 150mm spacing.

FOR TEMPERATURE BARS,

Using 12mmØ bar ( Ab = 113.097mm²)

COMPUTING A S AND NUMBER OF BARS REQUIRED, N

A S = 0.002bh = 0.002(500mm)(200mm) = 200mm² (NSCP Sec. 407.13.2.1)

As 200 mm ²
N= = = 1.77 or say 2 pcs.
Ab 113.097 mm ²

Solve for spacing:

Ab
S= (1000mm)
As
 113.097mm ²
= (1000mm) = 565.485 mm
200 mm ²

Adjust to 250mm spacing.

Development Length ( Ld )

According to Section 5.12.2 of the code, the basic development length shall be:

For 32mm bar and smaller deformed bars

0.02 A s fy
Ld =
√f ' c

0.02(200 mm2 )(276 MPa)

=
√ 20.7 MPa

= 137.75 say 150mm

Ld = 0.06dbfy

= 0.06(113.54mm)(276MPa)

= 140 say 150 mm

But not less than 0.06 Ø ¯¿ ¿fy

0.06 Ø ¯¿ ¿fy = 0.06(12mm)(276MPa) = 198.72 mm

500 mm 200 mm
Ld furnisfed = - – 70mm(cover)
2 2

= 80mm; ( Ld furnisfed is < Ld )

Adopt 198.72 say 200mm