AC Chapter-22 PDF
AC Chapter-22 PDF
AC Chapter-22 PDF
Alternating Current
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions
(A.C. Voltage Applied to a Resistor, Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors Phasors)
1. Hot wire ammeters are used for measuring
(1) Both AC and DC. (2) Only AC (3) Only DC (4) Neither AC nor DC
Sol. Answer (1)
3. The mean value of current for half cycle for a current variation shown by the graph is
i
i0
O t
T T 3T
2 2
i0 i0 i0
(1) (2) i0 (3) (4)
2 3 3
Idt
I mean 0
T
2
T i0 2i
.t 0 t
From 0 to graph is straight line so the function (I) will be =
2 T T
2
T T
2 2
2i 0 2 2 t 2 2
So I mean tdt i 0
T T T T 20
0
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90 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
4 1 T 2 i
i – 0 0
T 2 0 2 4 2
4. A 110 V d.c. heater is used on an a.c. source, such that the heat produced is same as it produces when
connected to 110 V dc in same time-intervals. What would be the r.m.s. value of the alternating voltage?
(1) 110 V (2) 220 V (3) 330 V (4) 440 V
Sol. Answer (1)
Given that HAC = HDC
l 2 rmsRt l 2Rt
V 2 rms V 2
R R
Vrms = V
so Vrms = 110 V
1
5. The peak value of an alternating e.m.f. E = E0 sin t is 10 volt and its frequency is 50 Hz. At a time t ,
600 s
the instantaneous value of the e.m.f. is
6. The time required for a 50 Hz sinusoidal alternating current to change its value from zero to the r.m.s. value
(1) 1.5 × 10–2 s (2) 2.5 × 10–3 s (3) 10–1 s (4) 10–6 s
Sol. Answer (2)
I I 0 sin t
I0
I rms
2
I0
So I 0 sin t
2
sin sin 2 50 t
4
2 50 t
4
1
t s
400
t 0.25 10 –2 2.5 10 –3 s
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 91
(AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor, AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor)
7. There is no resistance in the inductive circuit. Kirchhoff 's voltage law for the circuit is
V = V0 sin t
L
di di di
(1) V L 0 (2) V L (3) V L2 0 (4) None of these
dt dt dt
Sol. Answer (2)
+
+
V = V0sin t –
–
–Ldi
V 0
dt
Ldi
V
dt
8. When 100 volt d.c. is applied across a solenoid, a current of 1.0 A flows in it. When 100 volt a.c. is applied
across the same coil, the current drops to 0.5 A. If the frequency of a.c. source is 50 Hz the impedance and
inductance of the solenoid is
(1) 200 ohm and 0.55 henry (2) 100 ohm and 0.86 henry
(3) 200 ohm and 1.0 henry (4) 100 ohm and 0.93 henry
Sol. Answer (1)
When there is direct current, = 0
XL = 0, so only R is there
So, V = IR
100 = 1(R) R = 100
When, f 50 Hz, Z X L2 R 2
V IZ 200 X L2 100 2
100 0.5 2 40000 X L2 10000
Impedance z 200 X L2 30,000
X L 100 3
Also XL = L
100 3 2fL
100 3 1.73
L 0.55 H
2 3.14 50 3.14
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92 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
9. An inductive circuit contains a resistance of 10 ohms and an inductance of 2 henry. If an alternating voltage of 120
V and frequency 60 Hz is applied to this circuit, the current in the circuit would be nearly
(1) 0.32 A (2) 0.80 A (3) 0.48 A (4) 0.16 A
Sol. Answer (4)
R = 10 , L = 10 H, Vrms = 120 V, f = 60 Hz
Vrms
I rms
Z
Z R 2 2L2 10 2 2 60 2 2
Z 753.6
120
I rms 0.16 A
753.6
10. A coil and a bulb are connected in series with a 12 volt direct current source. A soft iron core is now inserted
in the coil. Then
(1) The intensity of the bulb remains the same (2) The intensity of the bulb decreases
(3) The intensity of the bulb increases (4) Nothing can be said
Sol. Answer (1)
Intensity of bulb remains the same because source is DC, so steady state current will be independent of the
inductance of the inductor for DC circuit,
E source
i steady
R bulb
11. A sinusoidal supply of frequency 10 Hz and r.m.s. voltage 12 V is connected to a 2.1 F capacitor. What is
r.m.s. value of current?
(1) 5.5 mA (2) 20 mA (3) 26 mA (4) 1.6 mA
Sol. Answer (4)
f = 10 Hz, Vrms = 12 V, C = 2.1 F
V rm s 1
I rm s XC
XC , C
= 2f
Putting all values
I rms 1.6 mA
(AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit)
12. In an LCR series circuit R = 10 , XL = 8 and XC = 6 The total impedance of the circuit is
(1) 10.2 (2) 17.2 (3) 10 (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
R = 10 , XL = 8 and XC = 6
Z R 2 XL – XC
2
10 2 2 2
104 10.2
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 93
13. In a series RLC circuit, potential differences across R, L and C are 30 V, 60 V and 100 V respectively as shown in
figure. The e.m.f. of source (in volts) is
30 V 60 V 100 V
R L C
30 2 100 – 60 2
30 2 40 2 50 V
14. In a series RLC circuit, the r.m.s. voltage across the resistor and the inductor are respectively
400 V and 700 V. If the equation for the applied voltage is 500 2 sin t , then the peak voltage across
the capacitor is
R L C
= 500 2sint
500 2 sin t
VR = 400 V, VL = 700 V
0 500 2
rms = 500 V
2 2
250000 – 160000 V L – VC
2
90000 V L – VC
2
VL – VC 300
VC 700 300
VC 400 V
V0 Vrms 2 400 2 V
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94 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
15. In the following circuit the emf of source is E0 = 200 volt, R = 20 , L = 0.1 henry, C = 10.6 farad and
frequency is variable then the current at frequency f = 0 and f = is
R L C
16. In series LCR circuit, the phase difference between voltage across L and voltage across C is
(1) Zero (2) (3) (4) 2
2
Sol. Answer (2)
In LCR circuit angle between VL and VC = 180° (rad).
17. With increase in frequency of an a.c. supply, the impedance of an LCR series circuit
(1) Remains constant
(2) Decreases
(3) Increases
(4) Decreases at first, becomes minimum and then increases
Sol. Answer (4)
1
X L 2fL, XC
2fC
A
XC = 2
V 110 V
XL = 2 R = 55
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 95
Sol. Answer (1)
A
XC = 2
V 110 V
XL = 2 R = 55
Z R 2 XL – XC
2
55 2 55
V=IZ
110
I I 2 A
55
19. In a series L-C circuit, if L = 10–3 H and C = 3×10–7 F is connected to a 100 V-50 Hz a.c. source, the
impedance of the circuit is
10 5 10 5
(1) 10 (2) 0.1 – 3 × 10–5 (3) (4) None of these
3 3 10
Sol. Answer (3)
L = 10–3 H and C = 3×10–7 F
f = 50 Hz, V = 100 V
Z XL – XC 2
1
X L – XC L –
C
Putting , L & C
10 5
Z –
3 10
(Power in AC Circuits : The Power Factor)
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96 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
22. In an a.c. circuit, the instantaneous values of e.m.f. and current are E = 200 sin 314 t (volt) and
i = sin (314 t + /3) A. The average power consumed in watts is
(1) 100 (2) 200 (3) 50 (4) 25
Sol. Answer (3)
E I 1
∵ cos here
2 2 2 3
1 1
200 1
2 2
100
W
2
= 50 W
23. An a.c. of frequency f is flowing in a circuit containing only an ideal choke coil of inductance L. If V0 and i0
represent peak values of the voltage and the current respectively, the average power given by the source to
the choke coil is equal to
1 1 2 1
(1) iV (2) i (2fL) (3) Zero (4) V (2fL)
2 0 0 2 0 2 0
Sol. Answer (3)
For an ideal choke coil cos = 0
so, P = ErmsIrmscos
P=0
24. When a voltage V = V0 cos t is applied across a resistor of resistance R, the average power dissipated per
cycle in the resistor is given by
V0 V0 V02 V02
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2R 2 R 2R 2R
P = ErmsIrmscos
R
cos =
Z
cos = 1 for resistor
V0
Vrms
2
V0 V0 V V
P , 1 ∵ I rms rms 0
2 R 2 R R 2
V02
P
2R
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 97
(LC Oscillations, Transformers)
25. In an LCR circuit, the resonating frequency is 500 kHz. If the value of L is doubled and value of C is decreased
1
to times of its initial values, then the new resonating frequency in kHz will be
8
(1) 250 (2) 500 (3) 1000 (4) 2000
Sol. Answer (3)
f1 = 500 103 Hz
1
L ' 2L, C ' C
8
1 1
f f
2 LC CL
1
2L C
f1 L2C 2 8
f2 L1C1 LC
f1 1
f 2 1000 kHz
f2 2
26. In an LCR circuit L = 8.0 henry, C = 0.5 F and R = 100 ohm are in series. The resonance angular frequency
is
(1) 500 rad/s (2) 600 rad/s (3) 800 rad/s (4) 1000 rad/s
Sol. Answer (1)
L = 8.0 henry, C = 0.5 F and R = 100 in series
1 1
LC 8 0.5 10 –6
1 10 3
4 10 –6 2 = 500 rad/s
27. In series LCR circuit voltage leads the current when (Given that 0 = resonant angular frequency)
(1) < 0 (2) = 0 (3) > 0 (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (3)
1
X L L, XC
C
> 0
So it will be an inductive circuit with voltage leading current by 90°.
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98 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
28. At resonance, the value of the power factor in an LCR series circuit is
1
(1) Zero (2) 1 (3) (4) Not defined
2
Sol. Answer (2)
At resonance, Z = R
R
cos 1 = Power factor.
Z
29. Switch is in position A for long time. At time t = 0 it is shifted to position B. Find the maximum charge that
will accumulate on capacitor
E R
A
B
X
C Y
E E L E C E
(1) ( LC ) (2) (3) (4)
R ( LC )R C R L R
1
0
LC
E
R E
q max q max ( LC )
1 R
LC
30. In Q.29, which of the following graphs best represents the current flowing from X to Y?
I I
(1) t (2) t
I I
(3) t (4) t
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 99
31. In oscillating LC circuit, the total stored energy is U and maximum charge upon capacitor is Q. When the
Q
charge upon the capacitor is , the energy stored in the inductor is
2
U U 4 3U
(1) (2) (3) U (4)
2 4 3 4
Sol. Answer (4)
Q2
Initial energy = total energy = U
2C
Q2 Q
U' as Q'=
4 2C 2
Q2
8C
Uinductor = Utotal – Ucapacitor
Q2 Q2
–
2C 8C
3Q 2 3
U
8C 4
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
(A.C. Voltage Applied to a Resistor, Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors Phasors)
1. A direct current of 10 A is superimposed on an alternating current I = 40 cos t (A) flowing through a wire. The
effective value of the resulting current will be
2
40
I net 10 2
2
900 30 A
2. The sinusoidal potential difference V1 shown in figure applied across a resistor R produces heat at a rate W. What
is the rate of heat dissipation when the square wave potential difference V2 as shown in figure is applied across the
resistor?
V1 V2
V0 V0
t t
–V0 –V0
W
(1) (2) W (3) 2W (4) 2W
2
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100 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
V02
W'
R
W'
2, W ' 2W
W
3. The output current versus time curve for a rectifier is shown in the figure. The average value of output current
in this case is
I
I0
t
I0 2I0
(1) 0 (2) (3) (4) I0
2
Sol. Answer (3)
I avg
Idt
dt
2I 0
So I avg
4. Different alternating voltages are given below. In which case the peak value and rms value are same?
V V
V0 V0
(a) 0 (b) 0
t t
–V0 –V0
V V
V0 V0
(c) 0 (d) 0
t t
–V0 –V0
(1) (c) only (2) (d) only (3) (a), (b) & (c) (4) (b) & (c)
Sol. Answer (2)
For square pulse
Vrms = Vpeak
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 101
5. The virtual current of 4 A and 50 Hz flows in an ac circuit containing a coil. The power consumed in the coil is 240
W. If the virtual voltage across the coil is 100 V, then its resistance will be
1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) 15 (4)
3 5
Sol. Answer (3)
P VI cos
3 R
cos ...(i)
5 Z
and 4Z = 100 Z = 25
3 R
So in (i) R 15
5 25
6. Two cables of copper are of equal lengths. One of them has a single wire of area of cross-section A, while
A
other has 10 wires of cross-sectional area each. Give their suitability for transporting A.C. and D.C.
10
(1) Only multiple strands for A.C, either for D.C.
(2) Only multiple strands for A.C, only single strand for D.C.
(3) Only single strand for D.C, either for A.C.
(4) Only single strand for A.C, either for D.C.
Sol. Answer (1)
7. An AC source is rated 222 V, 60 Hz. The average voltage is calculated in a time interval of 16.67 ms. It
(1) Must be zero (2) May be zero (3) Is never zero (4) Is ( 111 2 ) V
Sol. Answer (1)
2 2
T 16.67 ms
W 2 60
for time interval 16.67 ms (which is time period) average volatge will always be zero.
8. In India electricity is supplied for domestic use at 220 V. It is supplied at 110 V in USA. If the resistance of
a 60 W bulb for use in India is R, the resistance of a 60 W bulb for use in USA will be
R R
(1) R (2) 2R (3) (4)
4 2
Sol. Answer (3)
V2
R
P
220 2
R
60
110 2
R'
60
R R
4 R'
R' 4
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102 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
9. Average energy loss due to inductance (L) of circuit is (symbols have their usual meaning)
2
Vrms
2
(1) i rms (2)
XL
(3) i 02 X L (4) Zero
150
10. An electric bulb of 100 W – 300 V is connected with an AC supply of 500 V and Hz . The required
inductance to save the electric bulb is
1 1
(1) 2 H (2) H (3) 4H (4) H
2 4
Sol. Answer (3)
V
0
50
300
V 2 300 2 500 2
V 2 400 2
V = 400
100 1
and l A
300 3
V lX L
1
400 X L
3
X L 1200
2f L 1200
So L = 4 H
(AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit)
11. An alternating power supply of 220 V is applied across a series circuit of resistance 10 3 , capacitive reactance
40 and inductive reactance 30 . The respective currents in the circuit for zero and infinite frequencies are
1
(1) 2 A, A (2) 0 A, 10 A (3) 10 A, 0 A (4) 0 A, 0 A
2
Sol. Answer (4)
For f = 0, XL = 0 and f , XC = 0
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 103
12. If reading of voltmeter V shown in the figure at resonance is 200 V, then the quality factor of the circuit is
V
50 V
~
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 1 (4) 3
Sol. Answer (2)
L X L i
Q
R R i
VL 200
So Q can be written as Q 4
VR 50
13. In the following circuit rms current through inductor is 0.8 A, the rms current through capacitor is 0.4 A and
rms current through resistor is 0.3 A, the current delivered by a.c. source is
L
R
C
I I R2 I L – I C
2
14. In the given A.C. circuit, the instantaneous current through inductor and capacitor are 0.8 A and 0.4 A
respectively. The instantaneous current through resistor is
L
R
l R i L – iC
IR = 0.4
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104 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
15. An inductor L and a capacitor C ac connected in the circuit as shown in the figure. The frequency of source
is equal to resonance frequency of the circuit. Which ammeter will read zero ampere?
A1
A2
A3 ~
E = E0 sin t
(1) A1 (2) A3 (3) A2 (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (2)
1
Given that L
C
So net current lL – lC = 0 ∵ l L l C
16. The virtual current of 4 A and 50 Hz flows in an AC circuit containing a coil. The power consumed in the coil is 240
W. If the virtual voltage across the coil is 100 V, then its resistance will be
1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) 15 (4)
3 5
Sol. Answer (3)
Vrms = IrmsZ
100 = 4 Z
Z = 25
P = VIcos
240 = (100)(4)cos
3 R
cos
5 Z
3 R
5 25
R = 15
17. For an AC circuit the potential difference and current are given by V 10 2 sin t (in V) and I 2 2 cos t (in A)
respectively. The power dissipated in the instrument is
R
Power factor cos
Z
R 1
...(1)
R X
2 2 3
R 1
...(2)
R X '
2 2 9
X R 8
X ' R 80
X'
10
X
X '– X
10 – 1
X
200%
19. In the circuit shown in figure, if both the bulbs B1 and B2 are identical then
B1
C = 600 µF
B2
L = 12 mH
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106 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
20. A step-up transformer operates on 220 V line and supplies 2.2 A. The ratio of primary and secondary winding is
11 : 50. The output voltage in the secondary is
(1) 220 V (2) 100 V (3) 1000 V (4) 0V
Sol. Answer (3)
N P VP
N S VS
N SVP
VS
NP
50
220 1000 V
11
21. In L-C oscillation, maximum charge on capacitor can be Q. If at any instant, electric energy and magnetic energy
associated with circuit is equal, then charge on capacitor at that instant is
Q Q Q 3Q
(1) (2) (3) 3 (4)
2 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
Total energy
Magnetic energy =
2
Total energy
Electric energy =
2
1 Q 2 Q '
2
2 2C 2C
Q
Q'
2
22. A series LCR circuit consists of an inductor L a capacitor C and a resistor R connected across a source of emf
1
= 0 sin t. When L the current in the circuit is I0 and if angular frequency of the source is changed to ,
C
I0 1
the current in the circuit becomes , then the value of ' L is
2 'C
L C R
= 0 sin t
E0
I0
R
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 107
I0 E0
...(i)
2 1
2
R W ' L –
2
W 'C
E0
R
I0
So in (i)
1
R 2 W ' L – 4R
2
W 'C
2
1
3R
2
W ' L –
W 'C
1
W 'L – R 3
W 'C
23. A capacitor of capacitance C has initial charge Q0 and connected to an inductor of inductance L as shown.
At t = 0 switch S is closed. The current through the inductor when energy in the capacitor is three times the
energy of inductor is
Q0
+ + + +
L
– – – – C
Q0 Q0 2Q0 4Q0
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 LC LC LC LC
Q 02
E total E i E c
2C
Q 02
4E i
2C
Q 02 1 2
Ei Li
8C 2
Q 02
i2
4LC
Q0
i
2 LC
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108 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
24. In a RLC circuit capacitance is changed from C to 2C. For the resonant frequency to remain unchanged, the
inductance should be changed from L to
L L
(1) 4 L (2) 2L (3) (4)
2 4
1
W
LC
LC L ' 2C
L L
L' L'
2 2
SECTION - C
1. An inductor 20 mH, a capacitor 100 F and a resistor 50 are connected in series across a source of emf,
V = 10 sin 314 t. The power loss in the circuit is [NEET-2018]
(1) 0.79 W (2) 0.43 W (3) 1.13 W (4) 2.74 W
Sol. Answer (1)
2
V
Pav RMS R
Z
2
1
Z R 2 L 56
C
2
10
Pav 50 0.79 W
2 56
2. Which of the following combinations should be selected for better tuning of an L-C-R circuit used for
communication? [NEET-(Phase-2)-2016]
(1) R = 20 , L = 1.5 H, C = 35 F
(2) R = 25 , L = 2.5 H, C = 45 F
(3) R = 15 , L = 3.5 H, C = 30 F
(4) R = 25 , L = 1.5 H, C = 45 F
R
Better tuning means low bandwidth =
L
3. The potential differences across the resistance, capacitance and inductance are 80 V, 40 V and 100 V
respectively in an L-C-R circuit. The power factor of this circuit is [NEET-(Phase-2)-2016]
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 109
Sol. Answer (3)
R VR 80
cos
z V 802 (100 – 40)2
80
0.8
100
4. An inductor 20 mH, a capacitor 50 F and a resistor 40 are connected in series across a source of emf
V = 10sin340t. The power loss in A.C. circuit is [NEET-2016]
(1) 0.89 W (2) 0.51 W
(3) 0.67 W (4) 0.76 W
Sol. Answer (2)
20 mH
L C 50 F R 40
2
2 2
2 E 10
Pav Iv R v R
Z 2
1
40
1
402 340 20 10 3
6
340 50 10
100 1
= 40 2
2 1600 [6.8 58.8]
2000
= 0.46 W = 0.51 W
1600 2704
5. A small signal voltage V(t) = V0sint is applied across an ideal capacitor C [NEET-2016]
(1) Current I(t) leads voltage V(t) by 180°
(2) Current I(t) lags voltage V(t) by 90°
(3) Over a full cycle the capacitor C does not consume any energy from the voltage source
(4) Current I(t) is in phase with voltage V(t)
Sol. Answer (3)
Current leads voltage by phase (90)
2
Power consumed = 0.
6. A series R-C circuit is connected to an alternating voltage source. Consider two situations
(a) When capacitor is air filled.
(b) When capacitor is mica filled.
Current through resistor is i and voltage across capacitor is V then [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) Va = Vb (2) Va < Vb (3) Va > Vb (4) ia = ib
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110 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
Z= R 2 + XC2
V
i=
Z
If C increases, XC decreases, current will increases hence voltage across resistance increases, so voltage
across capacitor decreases.
7. Across a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross- section a constant potential difference is applied. The quantity
which remains constant along the conductor is [AIPMT-2015]
(1) Electric field (2) Current density (3) Current (4) Drift velocity
Sol. Answer (3)
Across a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross section the rate of flow of charge through every cross section
is constant hence. Current is constant.
8. A transformer having efficiency of 90% is working on 200 V and 3 kW power supply. If the current in the secondary
coil is 6 A, the voltage across the secondary coil and the current in the primary coil respectively are
[AIPMT-2014]
(1) 300 V, 15 A (2) 450 V, 15 A (3) 450 V, 13.5 A (4) 600 V, 15 A
Sol. Answer (2)
90
Power ouput = 3kW 2.7 kW
100
Ib 6 A
2.7 kW
VS 450 V
6A
3 kW
IP 15 A
200 V
9. In an electrical circuit R, L, C and an a.c. voltage source are all connected in series. When L is removed from
the circuit, the phase difference between the voltage and the current in the circuit is . If instead, C is removed
3
from the circuit, the phase difference is again . The power factor of the circuit is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
3
3 1 1
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 111
Sol. Answer (1)
Magnitude of phase difference is constant XL = XC
R R
So cos 1
Z R
10. The instantaneous values of alternating current and voltages in a circuit are given as
1
i= sin(100t) A
2
1
e= sin 100t V
2 3
1 3
(1) (2)
4 4
1 1
(3) (4)
2 8
Sol. Answer (4)
l0 1 1
I rms
2 2 2 2
V0 1 1
Vrms
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
So, P cos W
2 2 3 4 2 8
11. In an ac circuit an alternating voltage e 200 2 sin100t volts is connected to a capacitor of capacity 1 F.
The rms. value of the current in the circuit is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) 20 mA (2) 10 mA (3) 100 mA (4) 200 mA
Sol. Answer (1)
10 6
XC 10 4
100 1
Vrms
I rms
XC
200
I rms = 0.02 A = 20 mA
10 4
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112 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
12. An ac voltage is applied to a resistance R and an inductor L in series. If R and the inductive reactance are
both equal to 3 , the phase difference between the applied voltage and the current in the circuit is
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Zero (2) (3) (4)
6 4 2
Sol. Answer (3)
R 3
cos cos
R XL
2 2
3 2 , So = 45°
13. The rms value of potential difference V shown in the figure is [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
V0
t
O T/2 T
V0 V0 V0
(1) (2) (3) V0 (4)
2 3 2
Sol. Answer (4)
I dt
2
I rms
dt
V dt
2
Vrms
dt
T T
From O , V = V0 and T , V = 0
2 2
V02 T
So Vrms 2 V0
T 2
20
(1) A (2) 2.0 A (3) 4.0 A (4) 8.0 A
13
1
L
5
1
X L L 2 100 40
5
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 113
and R = 30
Z R 2 X L 2 30 2 40 2 50
200
So l 4A
50
15. A 220 V input is supplied to a transformer. The output circuit draws a current of 2 A at 440 V. If the efficiency
of the transformer is 80%, the current drawn by the primary windings of the transformer is
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
Pout
0.8 given
Pinput
VoutI out
0.8
VinputI input
2 440
0.8
220 I
4
I 5.0 A
0.8
16. In the given circuit the reading of voltmeter V1 and V2 are 300 volts each. The reading of the voltmeter V3 and
ammeter A are respectively: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
L C R = 100
V1 V2 V3
A
~
220V, 50 Hz
(1) 150 V, 2.2 A (2) 220 V, 2.2 A (3) 220 V, 2.0 A (4) 100 V, 2.0 A
Sol. Answer (2)
220 220
and l 2.2 A
R 100
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114 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
17. Power dissipated in an LCR series circuit connected to an a.c source of emf is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
2
2 1
2
2 1 2 R 2 L
R L
C
C
(1) (2)
R R
2R 2R
(3) (4) 2
2 1
2 1 R 2 L
R L
C C
V 2
P rms cos
Z
now in problem
2 R 2R 2R
P . 2
Z Z Z 1
2
R 2 L –
C
18. In an a.c. circuit the e.m.f. (e) and the current (i) at any instant are given respectively by
e = E0 sint
i = l0 sin(t – )
The average power in the circuit over one cycle of a.c. is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
E0 l 0
(1) E0I0 (2)
2
E0 l 0 E0 l 0
(3) sin (4) cos
2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
E 0I 0
Pavg = cos
2
19. The primary and secondary coils of a transformer have 50 and 1500 turns respectively. If the magnetic flux
linked with the primary coil is given by = 0 + 4t, where is in webers, t is time in seconds and 0 is a
constant, the output voltage across the secondary coil is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) 30 V (2) 90 V (3) 120 V (4) 220 V
Sol. Answer (3)
d
4
dt
N P VP
N S VS
50 1500
V = 120 V.
4 V
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 115
20. A transformer is used to light a 100 W and 110 V lamp from a 220 V (Mains). If the main current is 0.5 A, the
efficiency of the transformer is approximately [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) 10% (2) 30% (3) 50% (4) 90%
Sol. Answer (4)
100 = 110 I
10
I A
11
21. A transistor-oscillator using a resonant circuit with an inductor L (of negligible resistance) and a capacitor C in
series produce oscillations of frequency f. If L is doubled and C is changed to 4C, the frequency will be
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
f
(1) (2) 8f
4
f f
(3) (4)
2 2 2
Sol. Answer (3)
22. A coil of inductive reactance 31 has a resistance of 8 . It is placed in series with a condenser of capacitative
reactance 25 . The combination is connected to an a.c. source of 110 V. The power factor of the circuit is
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) 0.56 (2) 0.64
(3) 0.80 (4) 0.33
Sol. Answer (3)
R
cos
Z
Z R 2 XL – XC
2
XL = 31 , XC = 25
So Z 8 2 31– 25 2 10
8 4
So cos 0.8
10 5
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116 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
24. In a circuit, L, C and R are connected in series with an alternating voltage source of frequency f. The current
leads the voltage by 45°. The value of C is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
1 1
(1) (2)
2f 2fL R f 2fL R
1 1
(3) (4)
2f 2fL R f 2fL R
R
cos 45
2
1
R 2 L –
C
2
1
R 2 L – 2R
2
C
1
L – R
C
1
C
L – R
1 1
C
L – R 2 f 2 fL – R
25. In an ac circuit an alternating voltage e 200 2 sin100t volts is connected to capacitor of capacity 1 F. The
r.m.s. value of the current in the circuit is
I0 I0
(1) Irms = I0 (2) Irms 2 I 0 (3) Irms (4) Irms
2
Sol. Answer (4)
27. The electric current in a circuit is given by i = 3 sin t + 4 cos t. The rms current is
5 4 3
(1) (2) 5 (3) (4)
2 2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
l 3 sin t 4 cos t
3 sin t 4cos t
2
l 0 l 12 l 22 2l 1l 2 cos
2
l1 is max of l1 = 3
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 117
and l2 = 4
l 0 3 2 4 2 2 3 4 cos
2
=5
l0 5
l rms
2 2
28. An L-C-R circuit is connected to a source of A.C. current. At resonance, the phase difference between the
applied voltage and the current in the circuit, is
(1) (2) Zero (3) (4)
4 2
L 1 L
(1) (2) (3) LC (4)
R 2 RC R
Sol. Answer (1)
L
Q
R
30. A capacitor of capacity C has reactance X. If capacitance and frequency become double then reactance will
be
X X
(1) 4X (2) (3) (4) 2X
2 4
1 1
X , X'
2fC 2 2f 2C
X X
4, So X '
X' 4
2
V V 2
(1) (2) I 2L (3) I 2R (4)
1 C
L – C
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118 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
32. A capacitor and a bulb are connected in series with a source of alternating emf. If a dielectric slab is inserted
between the plates of the capacitor, then
(1) The brightness of the bulb decreases
(2) The brightness of the bulb increases
(3) The brightness of the bulb remains same
(4) The brightness of the bulb becomes zero
Sol. Answer (2)
E
i
2
1
R2
C
1
will decrease, so i will increase. Hence the brightness of the bulb increases.
C
33. The primary winding of a transformer has 500 turns whereas its secondary has 5000 turns. The primary is
connected to an A.C. supply 20 V, 50 Hz. The secondary will have an output of
(1) 2 V, 50 Hz
(2) 2 V, 5 Hz
(3) 200 V, 50 Hz
(4) 200 V, 500 Hz
Sol. Answer (3)
N P VP
N S VS
500 5000
20 V
34. What is the value of inductance L for which the current is maximum in a series LCR circuit with
C = 10 F and = 1000 s–1?
(1) 1 mH (2) Cannot be calculated unless R is known
(3) 10 mH (4) 100 mH
Sol. Answer (4)
XL = XC for maximum current
1
L
C
10
1000L
1000 10
L 100 mH
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Solutions of Assignment Alternating Current 119
35. A step-up transformer operates on 220 V line and supplies 2.2 A. The ratio of primary and secondary winding
is 11 : 50. The output voltage in the secondary is
(1) 220 V (2) 100 V (3) 1000 V (4) Zero
Sol. Answer (3)
N P VP
NS VS
11 220
V 1000 V
50 V
36. A coil of self inductance L is connected in series with a bulb and an A.C. source. Brightness of the bulb decreases
when
(1) Number of turns in the coil is reduced
(2) A capacitance of reactance XC = XL is included in the same circuit
(3) An iron rod is inserted in the coil
(4) Frequency of the A.C. source is decreased
Sol. Answer (3)
E2
i ...(1)
R 2 WL 2
An iron rod is inserted in the coil, L will increase hence i will decrease.
37. A condenser of capacity C is charged to a potential difference of V1. The plates of the condenser are then
connected to an ideal inductor of inductance L. The current through the inductor when the potential difference
across the condenser reduces to V2 is
1/ 2 1/ 2
C(V1 V2 )2 C(V12 V22 ) C(V12 V22 ) C(V12 V22 )
(1) (2) (3) (4)
L L L L
Sol. Answer (4)
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
2. A : AC can be transmitted over long distances at high voltage without much power loss.
R : The average value of AC is defined over any half cycle.
Sol. Answer (3)
3. A : An inductor and a capacitor are called low pass filter and high pass filter respectively.
R : Reactance of an inductor is low for low frequency signals and that of a capacitor is high for high frequency
signals.
Sol. Answer (3)
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120 Alternating Current Solutions of Assignment
5. A : Wires of the transmission lines carrying A.C. are made of multiple strands.
R : A.C. flows on surface of the conductor.
Sol. Answer (1)
6. A : The ammeters and voltmeters used for measuring alternating current and voltages have non-uniform divisions
on their scales.
R : The instruments used for measuring alternating current and voltage are based on heating effect of current.
Sol. Answer (1)
9. A : If a current has both ac and dc components, then a dc ammeter used to measure this current will measure
the average value of the total current.
R : The scale of a dc ammeter is uniformly divided.
Sol. Answer (2)
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