Formula Booklet CHE572 Sept2019
Formula Booklet CHE572 Sept2019
Formula Booklet CHE572 Sept2019
(a) Stokes’ Law Region (strictly for Rep<0.2, but may be used for
Rep1)
24 f Uod p
CD where Re p
Re p f
4 d p f p f g
3
f vT d p
CD ReT2 where ReT
3 f 2 f
CD
4 g f p f
ReT 3 f2v T3
f gdv2 24
v T ,ST , dp < 33 m; CD
p
18 f Ret
4 p f gdv
v T ,N . , dp > 1500 m
3 0.43 f
CD 0.43
f p f gd v3
4
CD Ret2
3
or
CD 4 p f f
Ret 3 f2 v T3
Generally,
4 p f d v g
CD .
3 f v T2
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K ST p f gd v2
v T ,ST
18 f
where K ST 0.843 log and d v 1.13d p
0.065
Turbulent region, Ret > 1000
4 p f gdv
v T ,N .
3 K N f
vT K TR vT Sphere
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Range Correlation
C Re2
ReT D T
24
CDReT2 73; ReT 2.37
1.7569 x10 4 CD ReT2 2
6.9252 x10 7 C Re
D
2 3
T
0.12427 log C Re
10 D
2 2
T
0.006344 log C Re
10 D
2 3
T
0.19007 log C Re
10 D
2 2
T
0.007005 log C Re
10 D
2 3
T
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CD/ReT
CDReT2
2
Fig. 2: CDReT and CD/ReT as a function of Reynolds number
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P 150
1 f Uo H
2
1.75
1 f Uo H
2
3 2
d sv 3 d sv
= voidage (-)
Uo = superficial gas velocity (m/s)
dsv = equivalent surface/volume diameter (m)
f = gas density (kg/m3)
H = height or length of bed (m)
P 150
1 2 f GH 1.75 1 HG 2
3 f d sv
2
3 f d sv
G f Uo
4. FLUIDIZATION
10000
B
p - g (kg/m3)
D
1000
A
C
100
10 100 1000 10000
Particle size, (m)
f
U mf
f dv
1135.7 0.0408 Ar 1 / 2 33.7
f p f gd sv3
where Ar
2f
f
0.934
g 0.934d 1p.8
U mf
p
U o vT n
4.8 n dp
0.27
0.043Ar 0.57 1 2.4
n 2.4 D
5. ENTRAINMENT
1.88
K i Uo 2 Uo
2
1.26x10
7
2
when < 3x10-4 m6/kg2
gUo gd pi p gd pi p
2
1.18
K i Uo 2 Uo
2
4.31x10 4 2
when > 3x10-4 m6/kg2
gUo gd pi p gd pi p
2
ii. For larger particles and higher velocities, use the correlation
from Geldart (1979)
5.4vT
K i
23.7 e Uo
gU o
d
Ri M B x Bi K ih* Ax Bi
dt
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K ih At
x Bi x Bio exp
MB
or
Fx Fi
x Bi
K ih A F Rt
where
i. Coarse particle
for;
Reynold’s number : 15<Rep<300
Archimedes number : 19.5<Ar<6.5
Packed bed height : H<0.5 m
Particle diameter : dp = 0.7 to 2.5 mm
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2
Uo
TDH 1000
g
6. HOPPER DESIGN
H crit
B
bg
7. PNEUMATIC TRANSPORT
1
1
2
4M 10 g / 2 D 2
U salt S
f
Punwani correlation
2250 D CH
4.7
1
U CH
vT
Gs
and g0.77
CH p 1 CH UCH
2
v T
CH
u g2 1 u 2p
P g p Fgw L Fsw L p L1 g sin g Lg sin
2 2
2fg g U o
2
where Fgw L L
D
2fs p 1 H u p2
Fsw L L
D
2
3 g D
u g u p
where fs CD
8 p d
up
and
u p U o 1 0.0638d p
0.3
p0.5
ii. for vertical flow
g
Fsw L 0.057Gs L
D
= voidage (-)
U = superficial gas velocity (m/s)
ug = gas velocity (m/s)
up = particle velocity (m/s)
fg = gas friction factor (-)
fs = solid friction factor (-)
CD = single particle drag coefficient (-)
L = pipe length (m)
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8. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Mean composition
N
1
y
N
y
i 1
i
N = number of samples
yi = composition of component
Variance
y y
2
i
S2 i 1
N 1
p1 p
Randomly mixed, R2
n
Mixture Variance
S 2 N 1
L2
2
S 2 N 1
U2
12
ρp = particle density
x = arithmetic mean of adjacent sieve size.
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P
DF 0.995 0.975 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.002 0.001
1 0.0000393 0.000982 1.642 2.706 3.841 5.024 5.412 6.635 7.879 9.550 10.828
2 0.0100 0.0506 3.219 4.605 5.991 7.378 7.824 9.210 10.597 12.429 13.816
3 0.0717 0.216 4.642 6.251 7.815 9.348 9.837 11.345 12.838 14.796 16.266
4 0.207 0.484 5.989 7.779 9.488 11.143 11.668 13.277 14.860 16.924 18.467
5 0.412 0.831 7.289 9.236 11.070 12.833 13.388 15.086 16.750 18.907 20.515
6 0.676 1.237 8.558 10.645 12.592 14.449 15.033 16.812 18.548 20.791 22.458
7 0.989 1.690 9.803 12.017 14.067 16.013 16.622 18.475 20.278 22.601 24.322
8 1.344 2.180 11.030 13.362 15.507 17.535 18.168 20.090 21.955 24.352 26.124
9 1.735 2.700 12.242 14.684 16.919 19.023 19.679 21.666 23.589 26.056 27.877
10 2.156 3.247 13.442 15.987 18.307 20.483 21.161 23.209 25.188 27.722 29.588
11 2.603 3.816 14.631 17.275 19.675 21.920 22.618 24.725 26.757 29.354 31.264
12 3.074 4.404 15.812 18.549 21.026 23.337 24.054 26.217 28.300 30.957 32.909
13 3.565 5.009 16.985 19.812 22.362 24.736 25.472 27.688 29.819 32.535 34.528
14 4.075 5.629 18.151 21.064 23.685 26.119 26.873 29.141 31.319 34.091 36.123
15 4.601 6.262 19.311 22.307 24.996 27.488 28.259 30.578 32.801 35.628 37.697
16 5.142 6.908 20.465 23.542 26.296 28.845 29.633 32.000 34.267 37.146 39.252
17 5.697 7.564 21.615 24.769 27.587 30.191 30.995 33.409 35.718 38.648 40.790
18 6.265 8.231 22.760 25.989 28.869 31.526 32.346 34.805 37.156 40.136 42.312
19 6.844 8.907 23.900 27.204 30.144 32.852 33.687 36.191 38.582 41.610 43.820
20 7.434 9.591 25.038 28.412 31.410 34.170 35.020 37.566 39.997 43.072 45.315
21 8.034 10.283 26.171 29.615 32.671 35.479 36.343 38.932 41.401 44.522 46.797
22 8.643 10.982 27.301 30.813 33.924 36.781 37.659 40.289 42.796 45.962 48.268
23 9.260 11.689 28.429 32.007 35.172 38.076 38.968 41.638 44.181 47.391 49.728
24 9.886 12.401 29.553 33.196 36.415 39.364 40.270 42.980 45.559 48.812 51.179
25 10.520 13.120 30.675 34.382 37.652 40.646 41.566 44.314 46.928 50.223 52.620