Phase 1 Report
Phase 1 Report
Phase 1 Report
Today’s era is marching towards the rapid growth of all sectors including the
agricultural sector. To meet the future food demands, the farmers have to implement the
new techniques which will not affect the soil texture but will increase the overall crop
production. The aim of this project is to design and develop a solar operated seed sowing
machine. The seed sewing machine is a key component of agricultural field. The various
technique used in India for seed sowing and fertilizer placement are manual, ox and tractor
operator. The manual and ox operator technique are time consuming and productivity is
low. Tractor is running on fossil fuel which emits carbon dioxide and other pollution every
second. This evident has led to widespread air, water and noise pollution and most
importantly has led to a realistic energy crisis in the near future, in order to make the
development of our farmer as well as nation sustainable and cause less harm to our
environment. Now the approach of this project is to develop the seed sowing machine
which is to minimize the working cost and the time for digging as well as operate on clean
energy.
CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION
In the country like India where the main source of income is agriculture. Needs to concentrate
in some aspects like how to increase productivity and profit, how to reduce cost and how to
solve and ease the problems of workers. We has seen a shortage of skilled labour available for
agriculture. Because of this shortage the farmers have transitioned to using harvesters. These
harvesters are available for purchase but because of their high costs, they are not affordable.
This field faces some problems such as how to maximize the profit, how to enlarge productiveness
and how to decrease the cost. In India, two kinds of agricultural equipment are used, manual
approach (conventional method) and mechanized type. Mechanization entails the use of a hybrid
device between the power supply and the work. This hybrid system normally transfers motion, such
as rotary to linear, or affords enough of mechanical advantages such as expand or decrease or
leverage of velocity. Agricultural equipment is equipment used in farming or other agriculture.
Mechanized agriculture is a procedure of the usage of agricultural equipment to mechanize the work
of agriculture, significantly increasing farm worker productivity. In present day times, powered
equipment has replaced many farm jobs previously carried out with the aid of guide labour or by
working animals such as oxen, horses, and mules. The complete history of agriculture contains
many examples of the use of tools, such as the hoe and the plough. But the ongoing integration of
machines when you consider that the Industrial Revolution has allowed farming to grow to be plenty
less labour intensive.
Today, India ranks second among other countries across the world in farm output. Agriculture
and allied sectors like fisheries and forestry accounted for 13.7% of the GDP in 2013, about
50% of the workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is decreasing
steadily with the country's broad-based economic growth. According to WHO (world health
organization), Slow agricultural growth is a interest for policymakers as 2/3 of India’s people
depend on rural employment for a living.
In India agriculture has facing serious challenges like scarcity of agricultural labour, in peak
working seasons but also in normal time. This is mainly for increased nonfarm job
opportunities having higher wage, migration of labor force to cities and low status of
agricultural labour in the society. Today the environmental impact of agricultural production is very
much in focus and the demands to the industry is increasing. In the present scenario most of the countries
do not have sufficient skilled man power in agricultural sector and that affects the growth of developing
countries. Therefore farmers have to use upgraded technology for cultivation activity (digging, seed sowing,
fertilizing, spraying etc.). So it’s a time to automate the sector to overcome this problem. In India there are
70% people dependent on agriculture. So we need to study on improving agricultural equipment. Innovative
idea of our project is to automate the process of digging and seed sowing crops. and to reduce the human
effort. Since we have lack of man power in country, it is very difficult to do digging and sowing operation on
time, Automation saves a lot of manual work and speed up the cultivation activity. The energy required for
this robotic machine is less as compared with other machines like tractors or any agriculture instrument,
also this energy is generated from the solar energy which is found abundantly in nature. Pollution is also a
big problem which is eliminated by using solar plate.
The above figure clearly explains different processes involves in farming. The processes
involve in farming are:
Preparation of soil: - This is basic and important step in agriculture before
cultivation of crops. It includes loosening of soil, removing weeds from the soil
before sowing of seeds. Loosening of soil improves the air circulation in soil and
enhances the water retaining capacity of the soil
Sowing: - This is the process of planting seeds in ground. An area or object that
has had seeds planted in it will be described as being sowed
Adding manures and fertilize: - Manures and fertilizers are substances that are
added in the form of nutrients for healthy growth of plants.
Irrigation: - It is the application in which controlled amounts of water is provided
to the plants at needed intervals.
Weeding: - This is a process to remove weeds from a piece of ground.
Harvesting: - Harvest is the process of gathering mature crops from the fields.
Reaping is the cutting of grain or pulse for harvest.
Threshing: - Threshing is the process of loosening the edible parts of grain (or
other crop) from the husks and straw to which it is attached. It is the step-in grain
preparation after reaping and before winnowing, which separates the grain from
the chaff.
Storage: - It is the final step where tshe crops are stored.
There are many mechanical tools that are employed to carry out these processes.
Mechanical tools that employs at different processes of agriculture can be divided.
OBJECTIVES
Any project at its starting comprises of setting the objective. Then comes ideas and their
comparison to get to the best method to achieve the objective.
The main objective of this project is to fabricate and design a solar powered
multipurpose agriculture machine.
To improve mechanization in agriculture.
This project is to help small scale farmers to fulfil demand and supply for market, by
designing a multi operational machine which performs operations like digging, sowing,
levelling and spraying of pesticides.
Our aim is to focus on easy operation to the small land holders for cutting varieties
of crop in less time and at low cost by considering different factors as power
requirement, cost of equipment , ease of operation, field condition, time up operation
climatology conditions.
The operating, adjusting and maintaining principle are made simple for easy and
properly handling by unskilled labors.
To reduce the overall cost of forming.
To minimize the time of harvesting.
To minimize the human effort.
Utilization of renewable energy resources.
CHAPTER - 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
M.V.Achutha
AGRO MACHINE
A agricultural researcher studied the factors that influence the performance of a agro
machine which performs operations such as sowing, fertilizing, spraying and
intercultivation. Based on this study a plug matrix selection criteria was used to
select best among the concepts developed by them, the primary reason to reject
other concepts was that it had mechanisms like chain-sprocket, gears etc. which
would increase the complexity in manufacturing. The concept that was selected had
a single frame used to mount all the equipments like chemical sprayer at the front
of the wheel, a cylinder to store the liquid, a hopper placed near the operator to
monitor the seed and fertilizer flow rate.
mahesh r. pundkar
A SEED SOWING MACHINE
IJESS volume 3, issue 3. issn: 2249-9482,
He stated that the seed sowing machine is a key component of agriculture field. high
precision pneumatic planters have been developed for many verities of crops, for a
wide range of seed sizes, resulting to uniform seeds distribution along the travel
path , in seed spacing.
P P SHELKE
FRONTLINE DEMONSTRATION ON BULLOCK-DRAWN PLANTER
ENHANCES YIELD
International Journal of Farm Science 1(2):123-128, 2011.
He concludes that bullock drawn planters are becoming necessity for sowing as the
skilled workers for sowing are almost diminishing. planting distance and plant
population are crucial factors in maximizing the yields of crops.
Kyada, A. R, Patel D. B.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF MANUALLY OPERATED SEED
PLANTER MACHINE
A manually operated template row planter was designed and developed to improve
planting efficiency and reduce drudgery involved in manual planting method. Seed
planting is also possible for different size of seed at variable depth and space
between two seed. Also it increased seed planting, seed/fertilizer placement
accuracies and it was made of durable and cheap material affordable for the small
scale peasant farmers. The operating, adjusting and maintaining principles were
made simple for effective handling by unskilled operators (farmers).
M.V.Achutha et al.
This researcher studied the factors that influence the performance of a agro machine
which performs operations such as sowing, fertilizing, spraying and
intercultivation. Based on this study a plug matrix selection criteria was used to
select best among the concepts developed by them, the primary reason to reject
other concepts was that it had mechanisms like chain-sprocket, gears etc. which
would increase the complexity in manufacturing. The concept that was selected had
a single frame used to mount all the equipments like chemical sprayer at the front
of the wheel, a cylinder to store the liquid, a hopper placed near the operator to
monitor the seed and fertilizer flow rate.
Based on this study a plug matrix selection criteria was used to select best among
the concepts developed by them, the primary reason to reject other concepts was
that it had mechanisms like chain-sprocket, gears etc. which would increase the
complexity in manufacturing. The concept that was selected had a single frame used
to mount all the equipments like chemical sprayer at the front of the wheel, a
cylinder to store the liquid, a hopper placed near the operator to monitor the seed
and fertilizer flow rate.
CHAPTER - 3
METHODOLOGY
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
OBJECTIVES
DESIGN
MATERIAL IDENIFICATION
FABRICATION