Comparison of Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets in High Pressure Saturated Steam
Comparison of Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets in High Pressure Saturated Steam
Comparison of Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets in High Pressure Saturated Steam
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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400°F (205°C) Generates 235 psig (16.2 bar) or (1.62 MPa) 65 6 5 ft·lbf (886 7 N·m) (see ESA/FSA Publication No.
450°F (232°C) Generates 405 psig (27.9 bar) or (2.79 MPa) 009/98 or ASME PCC-1, or both). Then torque each bolt
500°F (260°C) Generates 665 psig (45.8 bar) or (4.58 MPa) consecutively in a counterclockwise pattern at 65 ft·lbf (88
540°F (282°C) Generates 945 psig (65.1 bar) or (6.51 MPa)
N·m), doing the first bolt a second time. The final torque may
550°F (288°C) Generates 1035 psig (71.3 bar) or (7.13 MPa)
563°F (295°C) Generates 1145 psig (78.9 bar) or (7.89 MPa)
be adjusted as agreed upon between producer and user, but
must be clearly stated in the report. The default torque setting
8. Bolt Torque Guidelines shall be 65 ft·lbf (88 N·m) unless otherwise agreed upon and
8.1 The recommended assembly torque is 65 6 5 ft·lbf (88 specified.
6 7 N·m), which produces a gasket stress of approximately 11 9.6.7 Complete the tightening process in 15 min.
000 psi (75.8 MPa). This calculation is based on the use of 9.6.8 Ten minutes after completing the tightening process
molybdenum disulfide grease as the bolt lubricant (4.1.9). described in 9.6.6, torque again with the FSA cross pattern to
8.2 A recommended article is “Torque - Tensioning Part II” 65 ft·lbf (88 N·m). Finally, tighten each bolt consecutively in a
by Dr. H. E. Trucks.5 Also see ASME PCC-1. counterclockwise pattern to 65 ft·lbf (88 N·m), doing the first
8.3 Various assembly torques may be used, as agreed upon bolt a second time.
by producer and user, and provided the gasket stress is never
9.6.9 Reinstall the dial indicator assembly over the cali-
less than 4350 psi (30 MPa).
brated bolt using a calibrated torque wrench set to 40 in.·lbf
9. Procedure (4.6 N·m). Take the reading and record this value as Lo.
9.1 A minimum of two test assemblies is recommended per Remove the dial indicator assembly carefully. This reading
gasket type tested. may also be taken using an external bolt stretch gauge as
9.2 Ensure that the flange assembly has been thoroughly described in 9.6.5.
cleaned and that the exposed surfaces of the flanges are free of 9.6.10 Install the flange protector, weigh the assembly, and
all residues from previous tests. Inspect for nicks, scratches, or record the weight as Wt.
serious defects. Recondition when required. (Warning—It is 9.6.10.1 A separate dial indicator assembly (dial indicator
important to check the flanges to ensure that the surfaces mounted on adapter) will be required for each calibrated bolt
remain within the correct roughness and flatness range.) used in the test.
9.3 Ensure that the bolts, nuts, and washers are not damaged 9.7 Place the test rigs in the oven, and raise the temperature
and that the nut runs freely onto the bolt by hand. so the test temperature is reached no sooner than in 30 min.
9.4 Cut standard ASME 2-in., Class 600 ring gaskets. Ideally, a temperature rate-of-rise of 1°C/min is preferred.
9.5 Clean bolt threads, nuts, and washers with an organic
solvent. Then lubricate bolts, nuts, and washers. Do not NOTE 1—The test can be run with the steam in contact with the gasket
lubricate the dial indicator adapter assembly or the part of the by locating the fixture in the oven with the liquid chamber down (steam
calibrated bolt that it will contact, since the presence of phase). Another option is to allow the gasket to be in contact with the test
lubricants on these components will adversely affect bolt liquid by reversing the fixture so the liquid chamber will be up (wet
phase).
elongation readings. Do not coat gasket or flanges with any
NOTE 2—The weekly steam cycle in Fig. 2 consists of two cycles
kind of release material.
allowing time for the technician to take all the measurements in a normal
9.6 Assemble the fixture as follows: 5-day working week.
9.6.1 Place the empty weld neck flange on the scale and tare
it. 9.8 After the indicated time at the chosen temperature, cool
9.6.2 Pour 125 mL of water in the flange, and record the down the oven to room temperature no sooner than 30 min.
exact weight of water (Ww). Ideally, a cool down rate of 1°C/min is preferred.
9.6.3 Tare the scale, center the gasket onto the raised face of 9.9 Remove the test rig from the oven and weigh it. Record
the weld neck flange, and record gasket weight (Gw). the weight as Wr.
9.6.4 Place the blind flange carefully on the weld neck 9.10 Repeat the steps in 9.7-9.9 for a minimum of 10 cycles
flange, and install the bolts, washers, and nuts finger tight. and 1000 h. Test hours will include the ramp-up time for the
9.6.5 Install the dial indicator assembly (dial indicator fixture and the time held at temperature but not the cool-down
mounted on adapter) over the calibrated bolt with a calibrated time. If Fig. 2 is followed, a 7-week test will comprise 1064 h.
torque wrench set to 40 in.·lbf (4.6 N·m), and zero the dial.
Lock the dial indicator in the zero position, then remove the NOTE 3—Cycles can vary from 9.7-9.10, provided there is an agree-
dial indicator assembly carefully. Bolt stretch may also be ment between testing parties. Note any change from the default schedule
measured externally using an ultrasonic bolt stretch gauge for in the report.
a given bolt. 9.11 After the final cycle is completed, measure and record
9.6.6 Using a calibrated torque wrench, torque the bolt the weight of the fixture, install the dial indicator adapter as
according to the FSA recommended cross pattern in 3 incre- described in 9.6, take the reading, and record as Lf. This
ments of 20 6 5 ft·lbf (27 6 7 N·m) and finally one cycle at reading may also be taken using an external bolt stretch gauge
as described in 9.6.5.
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Trucks, Dr. H. E., “Torque-Tensioning Part II,” Fastener Technology, Decem- 9.12 Dismantle the fixture, and record any relevant obser-
ber 1987. vations.
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