2.1 The Passive Voice-An Overview
2.1 The Passive Voice-An Overview
2.1 The Passive Voice-An Overview
u
Active: The children saw the movie. passive sentence.
If the agent of the action (the person
subject verb by agent
who performs the action) is mentioned, it
u
u
Passive: The movie was seen by the children. follows by.
The Oscars
Before
You Read 1. Who is your favorite actor? Who is your favorite actress?
2. What movies have you seen recently?
60 Lesson 2
are placed in sealed envelopes and the envelopes are not opened until the night of
the ceremony.
Since 1953, Oscar night has been televised and broadcast all over the
world. This show is seen by hundreds of millions of people. Viewers watch as
their favorite movie stars arrive looking beautiful and hopeful.
(continued)
The Passive Voice; Participles Used as Adjectives; Get + Participles and Adjectives 61
EXAMPLES EXPLANATION
Before 1941, the winners’ names were already An adverb can be placed between the
known before the ceremony. auxiliary verb and the main verb.
Today the winners are never announced ahead
of time.
Affirmative: The movie was filmed in the U.S. Observe affirmative statements,
Negative: It wasn’t filmed in Canada. negative statements, and questions
Yes/No Question: Was it filmed in Hollywood? with the passive voice. Never use do,
Short Answer: No, it wasn’t. does, or did with the passive voice.
Wh- Question: Where was it filmed? (Wrong: The movie didn’t filmed in
Subject Question: Which movie was filmed in Canada? Canada.)
62 Lesson 2
EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with the passive voice of the verb in parentheses.
Use the tense or modal given.
EXAMPLE (simple present: give)
The best actor is given an Oscar.
The Passive Voice; Participles Used as Adjectives; Get + Participles and Adjectives 63
2.3 Passive Voice and Active Voice—Uses
EXAMPLES EXPLANATION
Compare: When the verb is in the active voice, the
Active: The man ate the fish. subject performs the action. When the verb
Passive: The man was eaten is in the passive voice, the subject receives
by the fish. the action.
EXERCISE Write an active sentence and a passive sentence for each subject.
Choose an appropriate tense.
EXAMPLE Active: The test has 12 questions.
Passive: The test will be given in a large auditorium.
1. Active: My textbook
Passive: My textbook
2. Active: My best friend
Passive: My best friend
3. Active: Some students
Passive: Some students
4. Active: I
Passive: I
64 Lesson 2
5. Active: Actors
Passive: Actors
6. Active: Movies
Passive: Movies
EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with the passive voice of the verb in
parentheses ( ). Choose an appropriate tense.
EXAMPLE Hollywood was built in the early 1900s.
(build)
(continued)
The Passive Voice; Participles Used as Adjectives; Get + Participles and Adjectives 65
3. Movie listings in the newspaper.
(can/find)
9. We can’t get into the movie theater because all the tickets
already.
(sell)
?
(film)
1
Coming attractions are short previews of new movies. Theaters show coming attractions to get your interest in
returning to the theater to see a new movie.
66 Lesson 2
2.5 The Passive Voice with an Agent
Sometimes the passive voice is used with an agent.
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Active: Steven Spielberg has made When the sentence has a strong agent
many movies. (a specific person: Steven Spielberg, Ralph
Passive: Many movies have been Lauren), we can use either the active or
made by Steven Spielberg. the passive voice. The active voice puts
Active: Ralph Lauren designs more emphasis on the person who performs
many of the actresses’ gowns. the action. The passive voice puts more
Passive: Many of the actresses’ emphasis on the action or the result. In
gowns are designed by Ralph general, the active voice is more common
Lauren. than the passive voice when an agent is
mentioned.
Active: The first Oscar ceremony took place Sometimes the passive voice is used to
in 1929. continue with the same subject of the
Passive: It was attended by 250 people. preceding sentence.
Active: The Oscar ceremony is popular all over
the world.
Passive: It is seen by millions of viewers each
year.
Active: Steven Spielberg directed Star Wars, We can use the passive voice to shift the
didn’t he? emphasis to the object of the preceding
Passive: No. Star Wars was directed by sentence.
George Lucas.
Passive: The dress was designed by Vera Wang. We often use the passive voice when
Passive: The music was composed by Bob the agent made, discovered, invented,
Dylan. designed, built, wrote, painted, or composed
Passive: The movie projector was invented by something.
Thomas Edison.
The song was written by Randy Newman. When the agent is included, use by + noun
It was performed by him too. or object pronoun.
The Passive Voice; Participles Used as Adjectives; Get + Participles and Adjectives 67
EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with the passive voice of the verb in
parentheses ( ). Use the past tense.
EXERCISE Fill in the blanks with the active or passive voice of the verb in
parentheses ( ). Use the tense indicated.
EXAMPLES I saw an old movie on TV last night.
(past: see)
by Ralph Lauren.
by Randy Newman.
(past: write)
250 guests.
8. I Star Wars.
(present perfect: never/see)
68 Lesson 2
9. Computer animation in many movies.
(present: use)
(continued)
The Passive Voice; Participles Used as Adjectives; Get + Participles and Adjectives 69
3. Someone told the students the answers.
70 Lesson 2
Read the following textbook article. Pay special attention to active
CD 1, TR 09 and passive verbs.
(continued)
The Passive Voice; Participles Used as Adjectives; Get + Participles and Adjectives 71
1901 Walt Disney was born.
1914 Winsor McCay created the first animation on film, Gertie the
Dinosaur.
1918 Walt Disney opened a cartoon studio in Kansas City, Missouri.
1928 The first Mickey Mouse cartoon was introduced. It was the first
talking cartoon.
1937 Disney produced Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first
full-length animated cartoon.
1995 Toy Story became the first full-length film animated entirely on
computers.
2009 WALL-E won the Academy Award for best animated film.
72 Lesson 2
2.7 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
EXAMPLES EXPLANATION
Compare: Most active verbs are followed by an
verb object object. They can be used in the active
and passive voice. These verbs are called
u
Active: McCay created the first animated film. transitive verbs.
Passive: The first animated film was created
in 1914.
verb object
u
u
Active: Walt Disney didn’t draw his cartoons.
Passive: His cartoons were drawn by studio
artists.
Active Only: Some verbs have no object. We cannot use
Disney lived in Hollywood most of his life. the passive voice with these verbs:
He became famous when he created Mickey agree die look seem
Mouse. arrive fall occur sleep
He worked with many artists. be go rain stay
What happened to the first Mickey Mouse become happen recover walk
cartoon? I’d like to see it. come live remain work
These are called intransitive verbs.
Compare: Leave can be intransitive or transitive,
a. Disney left Kansas City in 1923. depending on its meaning.
b. The DVD was left in the DVD player. In sentence (a), leave means “go away
from.” It is an intransitive verb. It has no
passive form.
In sentence (b), leave means “not taken.”
It is a transitive verb. It has a passive form.
Compare: Change and move can be intransitive or
a. Cartoons have changed a lot transitive.
over the years.
When a change happens through a
b. The light bulb was
natural process (a), it is intransitive.
changed by the janitor.
When someone specific causes the
a. In a cartoon, it looks like the characters are change (b), it is transitive.
moving, but they are not.
b. The chairs were moved
to another room.
The Passive Voice; Participles Used as Adjectives; Get + Participles and Adjectives 73
EXERCISE 8 Which of the following sentences can be changed to passive voice?
Change those sentences. If no change is possible, write no change.
EXAMPLES Today they create most animation with computer software.
Today most animation is created with computer software.
Walt Disney moved to Hollywood in 1923.
No change.
EXERCISE 9 Fill in the blanks with the active or passive form of the verb in
parentheses ( ). Use the tense indicated.
EXAMPLES Walt Disney was a clever businessman.
(past: be)
Mickey Mouse.
(past: create)
74 Lesson 2
4. Walt Disney 26 Oscars.
(past: give)
7. Disney in 1966.
(past: die)
EXERCISE 10 Fill in the blanks with the active or passive form of the verb in
parentheses ( ). Use the past tense.
CD 1, TR 10
Ronald Reagan was elected president of the
(example: elect)
United States in 1980. Before he became
(example: become)
president, he was governor of California. Even before
that, he as a Hollywood actor.
(1 work)
He in 53 Hollywood movies between
(2 appear)
1937 and 1964. He a great actor, and
(3 not/consider)
he never an Oscar.
(4 win)
On March 20, 1981, the day the Oscar ceremony
to take place, something terrible
(5 schedule)
. Reagan in an
(6 happen) (7 shoot)
assassination attempt. Fortunately, he
(8 past: not/die)
from his wounds. One of his aides, who was with him at the time,
. Out of respect for the president, the Academy
(9 also/wound)
Awards ceremony for one day. Reagan
(10 postpone)
and continued to serve as president until he
(11 recover)
his second term in 1989. He
(12 finish) (13 die)
in 2004 at the age of 93.
The Passive Voice; Participles Used as Adjectives; Get + Participles and Adjectives 75
EXERCISE 11 Find the mistakes with the underlined verbs in the sentences below
and correct them. Not every sentence has a mistake. If the sentence
is correct, write C.
were
EXAMPLES Before the 1950s, most movies filmed in black and white.
ˆ
I like old movies. C
8. At the end of the movie, we were left the theater and went home.
9. A lot of popcorn containers and candy wrappers was left on the floor
of the theater.
13. The theater is big. Fourteen movies are shown at the same time.
16. Parking is free at the theater, but the parking pass must be validated
in the theater.
EXERCISE 12 Fill in the blanks with get + the past participle of the verb in
parentheses ( ). Choose an appropriate tense.
EXAMPLE Who got chosen for the part in the movie?
(choose)
2. No one .
(kill)
The Passive Voice; Participles Used as Adjectives; Get + Participles and Adjectives 77