Electronics TP Booklet
Electronics TP Booklet
Electronics TP Booklet
Electronics
WORDS TP BOOKLET
Subsecretario de Educación
Jorge Poblete Aedo
2020
100 TOP
Electronics
WORDS TP BOOKLET
Appendix 71
LESSONS
ACTIVITIES
? ?
ACTIONS
Speak Listen
¡Bienvenido!
Welcome!
ES EN
A continuación, te presentamos un recurso elaborado para We are pleased to present you with this resource, which was
avanzar en uno de nuestros principales objetivos: mejorar created to advance one of our primary objectives- improving
la calidad y fortalecer la enseñanza Técnico-Profesional en and strengthening the quality of technical professional edu-
el país. cation in Chile.
La creación de este Booklet responde a la importancia de The creation of this booklet responds to the importance of
aprender el idioma inglés en el contexto de cada especialidad learning the English language in the specific context of each
técnica, de manera que en el futuro puedas acceder a mayo- technical specialty and aims to provide you with access to
res oportunidades de especialización y en el mundo laboral. greater opportunities in your area of concentration, and in the
labor market in general.
Es por esta razón que creamos este recurso didáctico, donde
proponemos tanto a docentes como estudiantes, las 100 pa- With that in mind we have created this educational resource,
labras más utilizadas en cada especialidad aplicadas en con- through which we propose to teachers and students alike – the
textos específicos, fundamentales para el dominio del idioma. 100 most commonly used words for specific contexts, fundamen-
tal to language mastery in each area of technical specialization.
Dado que en el mundo de hoy es importante entregar to-
das las opciones para favorecer el aprendizaje del inglés, el Given the current importance of providing all possible oppor-
trabajo continuo de las actividades que ofrece cada uni- tunities to foment English language acquisition, the successive
dad te permitirá desarrollar habilidades lingüísticas como completion of the activities offered in each unit will facilitate the
la lectura, audición, expresión escrita y oral, además de development of your linguistic abilities, including reading com-
trabajar colaborativamente en los proyectos al término de prehension, written and oral expression, as well in collaborative
cada unidad. learning projects provided at the end of each unit.
Esperamos que este 100 Top Words Booklet sea una contri- We hope that the “100 Top Words” Booklet will contribute to
bución para el aprendizaje del idioma en la especialidad que your English language learning, in the technical professional
has elegido. concentration that you have chosen.
18 KEY WORDS
A. Complete the chart below by making predictions about what you are about to hear. Use the title
of the audio as a guide.
Purpose
Speaker(s)
Specific words/concepts
B. Now you will listen to the audio to confirm your predictions. Complete the chart below with the
information from the audio. Then, compare with a classmate. You will listen twice
Purpose
Speaker(s)
Specific words/concepts
1 Capacitors
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
B. Read the text quickly and highlight the concepts related to the field of electronics. Then,
compare with a classmate.
Example: Electronic gadgets have become an integral part of our lives since they
have a wide range of applications in the modern world.
C. Read the text and match column A with column B to form complete sentences. Compare
with a classmate.
A B
Among different types of electronic circuits, we can find open circuits, closed circuits, short
circuits, Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), and integrated circuits (ICs).
Open circuits are the ones where current can’t flow because one or more components are
disconnected either intentionally, by using a switch, or accidentally due to broken parts.
Closed circuits are the ones that form a loop without any interruptions. Even if a circuit is
connected to a dead battery not performing any work, it is still considered a closed circuit.
In the case of short circuits, a low-resistance connection forms between two points in an
electric circuit. As a result, the current tends to flow through this newly formed connection
rather than along the intended path. Unfortunately, they have usually led to serious
accidents as the current can flow at a dangerously high level, damaging electronic
equipment, causing batteries to explode, and even starting a fire in commercial and
residential buildings.
Printed Circuit Boards comprise a plastic board with connecting copper tracks on one
side and lots of holes to affix the components. The layout of the circuit board is printed
chemically onto the plastic board.
Although PCBs can offer a lot of advantages, most modern instruments such as computers
and mobiles require complex circuits, having thousands and even millions of components.
That’s where integrated circuits come in. ICs are the tiny electronic circuits that can fit inside
a small silicon chip, increasing the efficiency of electronic devices and reducing their size as
well as manufacturing cost.
D. In groups (3-4): *Create an anchor chart1 to summarize the main concepts from the text. Once
finished, stick it on a wall inside the classroom. Then, you can provide positive comments on other
groups’ anchor charts at the end such as:
1
More info & examples: https://www.weareteachers.com/anchor-charts-101-why-and-how-to-use-them-plus-100s-of-ideas/
WARM UP
A. Look inside an essential tool kit for an electronics technician and complete
the labels of the tools you know using the concepts from the box.
Compare with a classmate.
INPUT
CONTROLLED PRACTICE
F. Pairwork. With your partner, create a similar dialogue changing the following information:
• Names of characters
• Name of technical service
• Electronic device to be fixed
• Name of tools and uses accordingly.
You can select tools from the tool kit in the warm up activity, for
example: soldering iron. Present it to the rest of the class.
WRAP-UP
G. Write a sentence naming a tool from the toolkit that didn’t appear in the dialogue presented or
created, and explain what it is used for.
PRE WRITING
A. What information does an electronics project proposal have? Write the concepts on the
following cloud.
FUNCTIONING
This rain circuit is used to give an alert when it’s going to rain. This circuit is used in homes to alert
people who mostly work inside that it has started to rain so that the people can bring in washed
clothes and other things that are vulnerable to rain.
Whenever the rainwater comes in contact with the probe in the above circuit, then the current
flows through the circuit to enable the Q1 (NPN) transistor and also Q1 transistor activates Q2
transistor (PNP) to become active. Thus, the Q2 transistor conducts and then the flow of current
through the speaker generates a buzzer sound. While the probe is in touch with the water, this
procedure replicates again and again. The oscillation circuit built in the above circuit changes the
frequency of the tone, and thus tone can be changed.
QUANTITY DESCRIPTION
01 10K resistor
01 330K resistor
01 BC548 transistor
01 BC 558 transistor
01 3V battery
01 01mf capacitor
01 speaker
CIRCUIT SCHEME
330 K
BC 558
SPEAKER BATTERY 3V
10 K
PROB 0,1 MF
BC 548
C. In your notebook, write a draft of an electronics project proposal including the following information:
Here are some ideas of electronics projects which you may choose:
temperature monitor, touch sensor, LED flasher, anti-theft alarm,
sound activated switch, electronic siren, automatic night light,
audio amplifier, LED circuit.
REVISING
D. (In pairs) Use the following checklist to assess your classmate’s draft. Once finished, return the
draft and comments.
* Comments & suggestions may provide reference to specific missing information, grammar, sentence structure, word choice,
punctuation, capitalization & spelling errors.
E. Using the following layout, re-write your proposal taking into account your classmate’s feedback
(re-check criteria established on the checklist)
Name
FUNCTIONING
PUBLISHING
1. Explain and provide examples of what an infographic is and how to create one.
2. Divide the class into groups of 3-4 and allow time for discussion and negotiation of
electronics project selected as a group and materials needed to create infographic.
3. After selecting the project, each group works on the infographic with materials
selected.
4. Once the infographic is finished, each group practice their oral presentation
according to rubric criteria.
12 KEY WORDS
A. Look at the picture and predict what the audio is going to be about.
C. Now listen to the audio and confirm your predictions. Take notes about the N° of speaker(s) and
the main purpose of the audio.
Prediction
Purpose
Number of Speaker(s)
D. Listen again to complete the following chart. **You will listen twice**
First option
Second option
E. Write a brief summary of what the audio was about. (For example: The man in the audio talked
about how to make a …………/ I think the audio was about ……)
B. Read the text quickly and circle the unknown words. Write them in your notebook and look them
up in your dictionary to find out their meaning. Then, compare with a classmate.
Analog and digital circuits are used to transmit and process information like sound and
light from an environment to generate continuous variable signals. Analog circuits can route
the signals directly, whereas digital circuits change the analog signals by evaluating them
at regular intervals and giving out the resulting values. To get the outputs, analog circuits
can directly give the signals while a digital circuit has to change the information back to
an analog signal. The working of an analog circuit can be done with a normal waveform for
converting, storing and amplifying the signals, while a digital circuit alters the wave forms
into pulse signals.
Analog Circuit
The analog electronic circuit includes an analog signal with any continuously changeable
signal. While working on an analog signal, an analog circuit alters the signal in some manner.
Analog circuits can be used to convert the original signal into some other format such as a
digital signal. Analog circuits may also modify signals in inadvertent ways like adding noise
or distortion. Analog circuits are classified into two types, namely active analog circuits and
passive analog circuits. An analog circuit uses an electrical power source while a passive
circuit uses no external electrical power.
Digital Circuit
A digital circuit is a circuit where the signal should be one of two discrete levels. Each level
is interpreted as one of two different states (for instance, 0 or 1). These circuits built with
transistors to make logic gates in order to execute Boolean logic operation. This logic is the
base of digital electronics and computer processing. Digital circuits are less vulnerable to
degradation in excellence than analog circuits. It is also simpler to execute error detection
and rectification with digital signals. To make the routine process of designing these circuits,
designers use EDA (electronic design automation) tools, a kind of software that develops
the logic in a digital circuit.
• The designing of an analog circuit is difficult since every component has to be positioned
by hand for designing the circuits whereas digital circuits are very simple to design since
the technique of an automation can be used at a variety of levels of circuit design.
• In analog circuits, no change of i/p signals is necessary before processing, the circuit
directly executes different logical operations and generates an analog o/p whereas
in digital circuits, the i/p signals change from analog to digital (A/D) form before it is
processed. That is to say, the digital circuit is accomplished by processing digital signals
only, and generates o/p which is again changed back from digital to analog signals
(D/A) so that the o/p gives relevant results that can be understood by individuals.
• Analog circuits are typically routine made and they don’t have flexibility whereas digital
circuits have a high degree of elasticity.
Differences
D. Create a word cloud with concepts taken from the text. Minimum words/concepts: 20*
WARM UP
A. Look at the picture and describe the scene. (What is the person doing? Which
equipment/components do you recognize in the picture?)
C. Read the following text about diagnostic and repair of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)
CONTROLLED PRACTICE
D. According to the text, put the steps into the appropriate category.
Identify the problem - Remove the faulty part - Consult the manual
Identify the location of the problem - Inspect integrated circuits - Test functionality
Use a V/I instrument to identify the problem - Inspect with a microscope
Consult the manual - Place the new part on the PCB - Inspect solder joints
E. Group discussion. In groups, discuss which materials you would need to diagnose and fix a PCB.
Provide arguments.
WRAP-UP
F. Write a list with the materials needed to diagnose and repair a PCB.
PRE WRITING
A. What information must a technical report include? (Example: A technical report must include
diagnostic information about the electronic device or appliance).
TECHNICAL REPORT
CUSTOMER INFORMATION
Keypad problem.
According to the customer, some keys from the keypad are not working.
DIAGNOSIS
SOLUTION
REPAIR COSTS
$40.000
INPUT
D. In pairs, use the following checklist to assess your classmate’s draft. Once finished, return the
draft and comments.
Customer’s information,
symptoms, diagnosis,
solution & repairing costs
* Comments & suggestions may provide reference to specific missing information, grammar, sentence structure, word choice,
punctuation, capitalization & spelling errors.
E. Using the following layout, re-write your technical report taking into account your classmate’s
feedback (re-check criteria established in the checklist).
TECHNICAL REPORT
CUSTOMER INFORMATION
ID N°: Email:
Device/Appliance:
Responsible Technician:
DIAGNOSTIC
SOLUTION
REPAIRING COSTS:
2. Divide the class into groups of 3-4 and allow time for discussion of materials needed
and roles each member will have in the recording and presentation of video.
3. Each group works on the assembling process, steps involved in the procedure, and
recording of the video.
4. Once the video is finished, each group presents it to the rest of the class.
19 KEY WORDS
A. What type of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) can you recognize in the picture? Make a
list of words in your notebook. Example: Gloves.
C. According to the picture and previous activity, write one or two sentences about what you
think the audio is going to be about. Example: I think the audio is going to be about PPE.
3 Ear protection can prevent you from getting your eyes hurt.
4 Anti-static wrist strap can prevent damage to your hearing from loud
noise.
E. Choose two PPE from the previous section, draw them, and write at least two sentences
comparing them.
A. Read the title of the text and complete the first two columns of the following chart. Write at
least one sentence in each column.
C. Read the text quickly and select the correct option to complete each sentence.
A. COM
B. mAVΩ
A. Continuity
B. Resistance
A. Voltage
B. Current
A multimeter is an indispensable tool that is used to diagnose and troubleshoot circuits. As its name
states, it is a meter capable of measuring multiple things related to electricity, namely: voltage, current,
and resistance. A multimeter has a display, selection knob, and ports. The display usually has four
digits and the ability to display a negative sign. A few multimeters have illuminated displays for better
viewing in low light situations. The selection knob allows the user to set the multimeter to read different
things such as milliamps (mA) of current, voltage (V) and resistance (Ω). Two probes are plugged into
two of the ports on the front of the unit. COM stands for common and is almost always connected to
Ground or ‘-’ of a circuit. The COM probe is conventionally black but there is no difference between
the red probe and black probe other than color. 10A is the special port used when measuring large
currents (greater than 200mA). The mAVΩ is the port that the red probe is usually plugged in to. This
port allows the measurement of current (up to 200mA), voltage (V), and resistance (Ω). The probes
have a banana type connector on the end that plugs into the multimeter. Any probe with a banana
plug will work with this meter. This allows for different types of probes to be used. To start, connect the
red probe into the mAVΩ port and the black probe into the COM port.
Continuity is quite possibly the single most important function for troubleshooting and debugging
circuits. This feature allows us to test for conductivity of materials and to trace where electrical
connections have been made or not made. Set the multimeter to ‘Continuity’ mode. It may vary
among DMMs, but look for a diode symbol with propagation waves around it (like sound coming from
a speaker).
Similar to testing for continuity is measuring resistance. The continuity setting simply rings a tone
when the resistance is low (on the order of a few ohms). But, if you want to know an actual value for
the resistance, this is the setting you want. Turn the knob to one of the resistance settings. These are
marked by the Omega symbol (Ω). This represents the unit ohms which is used to measure resistance.
Current is the rate of moving charges in a circuit. We now know that this is the movement of electrons,
but by convention, we still look at current as the movement of charges from positive (+) to negative (-).
In order to capture the rate of moving charges, you need to break the circuit and put the meter in-line
where you want to measure current. Move the knob to the appropriate current range that you expect
to measure. If you are measuring anything above 200 mA, you need to also move the red probe to the
10A port.
D. Now complete the last column of the chart stating what you learned from the text. Write at least
two sentences.
I learned….
WARM UP
A. Look at the picture and describe the scene. (What is the person doing? Which computer
hardware components do you recognize in the picture?)
INPUT
C. Look at the following pictures and then read the conversation below.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Julieta: Yes, a motherboard is the main circuit board that connects all
main components of a computer. What is a heat sink?
D. Pairwork. With a partner, fill in the gaps the following conversation choosing other essential
hardware components from the picture. Look for their definitions in a dictionary or on the web.
What is a ?
STUDENT A Mmm... I think a
is
INPUT
WRAP-UP
F. Write one to three lines about something that was meaningful to you during
this lesson.
Example: “I really enjoyed creating the dialogue with my partner” “I learned how to
pronounce the components, that was meaningful for me”
PRE WRITING
A. What information can you find in a procedure manual? (Example: A procedure manual can
include information about the steps involved to replace a device)
C. Hypothetical situation: you are asked to write a procedure manual to replace a hardware
component from a computer in order to be used by new electronic technicians that have just
started to work at the company.
D. Choose a hardware component of a computer and write a draft of a procedure manual including
the name of the hardware component, any note and/or warning, required tools, and step by
step procedure.
REVISING
C. In pairs, use the following checklist to assess your classmate’s draft. Once finished, return the
draft + comments.
Name of hardware
component
Required tools
* Comments & suggestions may provide reference to specific missing information, grammar, sentence structure, word choice,
punctuation, capitalization & spelling errors.
F. Using the following layout, re-write your procedure manual taking into account your classmate’s
feedback (re-check criteria established on the checklist). Then deliver the final version to
your teacher.
PROCEDURE MANUAL
REQUIRED TOOLS
NOTE/WARNING
PROCEDURE
STEP
1. Explain and provide a handout with guidelines for poster making & presentation.
2 Divide the class into groups of 3-4 and allow time for discussion of materials needed,
hardware component selected, and roles each member will have during the project.
4. Once the poster is finished, each group practices their oral presentation according to
rubric criteria.
Goals: Fluently produce and understand short and clear oral and
written texts in communicative situations that involve
differing points of view, in order to interact and become
aware of one’s own identity.
Skills: Listening, Reading, Speaking, Writing
Project: “Home automation idea”
12 KEY WORDS
A. Circle the concept(s) in the box that you recognize in the picture
D. Listen to the audio and select the most suitable title. Circle one of the alternatives below.
E. Now listen again and complete the chart below with the information from
the audio. Then, compare with a classmate. You will listen twice
RELAY PLC
F. Imagine you are going to design a home automation project. Would you use PLCs or Relays?
Why? (e.g.: I would use a PLC because it has more capabilities of I/O)
A. Look at the picture that relates to the text, and think of words and concepts you think you will
find in the text.
B. Read the text quickly and circle unknown words. Write them in your notebook and look up their
meaning in the dictionary. (e.g.: affordable)
C. Read the text and answer true or false to the following statements. Write a T for true or F for false.
Correct the false statements.
4 Home automation can improve the lives of people with reduced mobility.
For example, home automation users can turn the lights on or off at specific times each
day, adjust the heater or air conditioner to turn on a few minutes before they arrive home, or
turn on all the lights in their home when the security system alarm is triggered. In addition
to these immediate effects, monitoring applications can also provide accurate home
information by generating detailed reports on equipment that could be working better or
spending less. As systems such as Google Home, Alexa, and Amazon Echo become more
and more common and artificial intelligence becomes more and more sophisticated, the
It is important to mention that these systems must be highly protected, as a single attempt
to break into this centralized system can lead to the invasion of privacy and the loss of
valuable confidential information. Still, most people who have experienced life in an
automated space will likely be uncomfortable returning to traditional systems. It is critical
to experience the benefits of home automation in order to understand its potential and to
know which elements will best improve your daily life.
D. Now add a word or concept that appears in or relates to the text to complete this acronym.
The first one is done as an example.
Alarms
WARM UP
B. What is your opinion about Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Write at least 2 sentences. (e.g., in my
opinion AI is going to perform jobs humans used to do)
Automation is when we take something that is otherwise done by humans, such as driving,
and make it automated. AI refers to technology that is becoming as smart, or smarter, than
humans. These together can alter society in many ways, either for better or for worse.
People that are in favor of automation and AI claim that they will help society and technology
progress such as in the area of medical procedures and medicine. They have also helped
eliminate menial jobs, giving more free time to spend with family, loved ones, and doing
what we love.
As for people that are against they, say that automation and AI take jobs away, make
humans lazy since people can refuse to cook or drive their cars, and ultimately will make
traditional human development and reproduction obsolete, since humans can now grow in
a test tube.
WARM UP
FEER PRACTICE
WARM UP
G. Imagine yourself in thirty years. How do you think automation and AI will be present in our
everyday lives? Write at least two sentences.
PRE WRITING
A. What information can you find in a brief essay? (Example: a brief essay has an introduction, like a
regular essay)
B. Now look at the following example and confirm what is needed in a brief essay.
Introduction
In the following essay I will provide a brief explanation of a home automation idea I came
up with.
Body
Since I live in the suburbs, my house is very dark when daylight is over so it is very difficult
for me to put the key in the door without lighting from my cellphone. That is why my home
automation idea is related to creating an automation system so landscape lighting in my
house can turn on automatically at sunset and off again at sunrise.
Conclusion
With automated landscape lighting at home, I will not have problems again to access my
house easily during nighttime.
DRAFTING
C. Think of a home automation idea that could help you and your family at home. (i.e. lights, access,
alarms, camera surveillance, garden watering, HVAC, kitchen appliances, etc.)
D. Write a draft of a brief essay to present your idea including a title, 2-3 sentence introduction, a
paragraph body (10 sentences max.), and 2-3 sentence conclusion as in th example provided.
REVISING
Title
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
* Comments & suggestions may provide reference to specific missing information, grammar, sentence structure, word choice,
punctuation, capitalization & spelling errors.
EDITING
F. Re-write your brief essay taking into account your classmate’s feedback (re-check criteria
established in the checklist)
PUBLISHING
1. Explain and provide a handout with guidelines for oral presentation using audiovisual
resources.
2. Divide the class into groups of 3-4 and allow time for discussion of materials needed,
home automation idea selected, and roles each member will have during the project.
3. Each group works on the design of the audiovisual resource that they will use during
presentation.
4. Once the audiovisual resource is finished, each group practices their oral
presentation according to rubric criteria.
• UNIT I
LESSON II, BEFORE YOU READ Diode: A device through which current can
Trace: A tracing, drawing or sketch or LESSON II, WHILE YOU READ (C)
something.
4, 2, 5, /, 1, 3
Capacitor: A device for accumulating and holding
a charge of electricity.
an electric circuit.
UNIT 4
Old PCBs
• Identify the problem
LESSON I, BEFORE YOU LISTEN (A)
• Consult the manual
• Inspect integrated circuits
Relay - PLC
• Test functionality
• Inspect with a microscope
LESSON I, WHILE YOU LISTEN
• Consult the manual
• Inspect solder joints
B. Relays vs. PLCs
New PCBs
LESSON II, WHILE YOU READ
• Remove the faulty part
• Identify the location of the problem
1T, 2F, 3F, 4T, 5F
• Use a v/i instrument to identify the problem
• Place the new part on the pcb
UNIT 3
RUBRIC UNIT 1
TOTAL
Video Quality Viewers can see Viewers can see Viewers are able Viewers are not
appropriate images most images of to see properly but able to see and
of electronic electronic circuit sound is not clear hear properly.
circuit assembly assembly while and loud enough.
while procedure is procedure is
provided. Sound is provided. Sound
clear and loud. is somewhat clear
and loud.
Oral skills Students use Students use a Students’ voice, Students’ voice,
a clear voice, clear voice, rhythm rhythm and tone are rhythm and tone
rhythm and tone and tone and not clear enough are not clear and
and pronounce pronounce clearly and pronunciation mistakes are made
clearly and and correctly most mistakes are in pronunciation
correctly during of the time during made during the which break down
presentation. the presentation. presentation. communication
during
presentation.
Assembly Every step of Most steps of the Some steps of Few or some steps
Procedure the procedure is procedure are the procedure are of the procedure
properly organized properly organized properly organized are presented but
and presented in and presented in and presented in the are not properly
the video. the video. video. organized.
TOTAL
Organization Poster includes Poster includes Poster includes Poster does not
title, and subtitles title or subtitles title or subtitles include title or
regarding content regarding content regarding content subtitles regarding
presented. (i.e.: presented (i.e.: presented but they content presented.
name of hardware name of hardware are not easy to read.
component, component or
procedure) procedure)
Organization Poster includes Poster includes Poster includes Poster does not
title, and subtitles title or subtitles title or subtitles include title or
regarding content regarding content regarding content subtitles regarding
presented. (i.e.: presented (i.e.: presented but they content presented.
name of hardware name of hardware are not easy to read.
component, component or
procedure) procedure)
Grammar & Correct use Mostly correct Somewhat correct Incorrect use
Mechanics of grammar, use of grammar, use of grammar, of grammar,
punctuation and punctuation and punctuation and punctuation and
spelling. Minor or spelling. Some spelling. Mistakes spelling. A lot of
no mistakes. mistakes are made that interfere mistakes made
made but they with meaning. that interfere with
don’t interfere with meaning.
meaning.
TOTAL
Oral skills Student uses Student uses a Poster includes Poster does not
a clear voice, clear voice, pace title or subtitles include title or
pace and tone and tone and regarding content subtitles regarding
and pronounces pronounces clearly presented but they content presented.
clearly and and correctly most are not easy to read.
correctly during of the time during
presentation. the presentation.
TOTAL
Audio Script
(Context: an electronic technician with expertise in repairing electronic devices provides troubleshooting tips to repair electronic
devices)
Hi, there! I’m going to give you some advice to repair electronic devices. Whether you are a beginner, intermediate or advanced
electronic repair technician, the first thing you want to look for are capacitors. They are the N°1 thing that fails on electronic
devices. They’ll bloat, they’ll explode, they’ll leak, so look for those signs, OK? Sometimes they won’t be obvious so they’re gonna
be the tricky ones and it’s gonna take a little bit of skill to find, so you’ll actually have to troubleshoot the circuit and find out
The second thing to look for is power supplies and components, power parts OK? Anything where heat is generated. So, look for
capacitors in the power supply because sometimes power components will generate a lot of heat next to capacitors.
The third one is burnt or discolored circuit board areas. You’re going to flip the board over, you’re gonna see where all the SATA
connections are and look for discoloration. Then flip the board back over where the parts are and look at the circuit board and
You definitely wanna look for anything that is smoked like resistors, if they have a discoloration on them, or the color band is
almost unreadable, that means the resistor is overheating or something in the circuit is causing the resistor to heat past its value.
The fourth one is bad solder connections. Cheap circuit boards are notorious for bad SATA connections so you’ll need a
magnifying glass or microscope or a good eye loupe set and you’ll need to flip the board to look for cracked solder joints,
especially around the heat components, alright? So, if you have transistors or anything where heat is generated you are gonna
find, possibly, cracked solder joints or it could happen anywhere on the board where heat is not an issue because of a bad
manufacturing of the solder wave machine. A cracked solder joint is when the solder joint actually separates from the joint. It
will actually kind of look like a ring around with a pin coming out if it’s a through-hole component, so if you are in doubt, resolder.
Sometimes just the heat alone from the soldering will bring things back to life because you have a bad capacitor, so if it works
again but it fails some time later, you’ll have to look for the bad capacitor and replace it.
I hope this helps with general first-time troubleshooting tips for you guys, so that’s it.
Audio Script
(Context: a man is providing guidelines on how to make a PCB using two different methods)
Electronics is not my background but I’ve been having a lot of fun making circuit boards with my CNC machine so, today I
You can make a circuit board using a CNC machine to drill around the traces, a drill bit to drill the holes, and engraver to cut out
the board and then you can solder on components and it should work.
Another method is to use a permanent marker to draw the traces, a drill bit to drill the holes an engraver to cut out the board
and then you can use chemicals to move the copper, rubbing alcohol and sunscreen to remove the permanent marker.
I will explain how to create a PCB using the second method. The first thing to do is to wash up the copper clad laminate with
soap and water and rubbing alcohol. Thus, the ink will stick better to the copper.
Then cut some scrap wood of the same dimension to place underneath the copper when drilling. I use express PCB to actually
design the layout of the circuit and print the layout to transfer it to the board.
To ensure an accurate transfer, tape the print out over the top of the copper clad laminate and use a pushpin to stab through
the paper where each component will penetrate the board. Remove the printed sheet and make sure all components are
marked on the copper. Use the bit drill to drill out the holes that were marked on the board and use the permanent marker to
draw traces between all the components, referencing the printed PCB layout.
Use the engraver to cut the perimeter. The two chemicals I use to remove the copper are hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric
acid. This is very strong acid, so make sure to use proper protection and use it outside in a well-ventilated area. Place the board
and wait a few minutes until you see the copper fade away. Then remove the permanent marker with rubbing alcohol and a bit
of sunscreen to remove what’s left. After rinsing the board, it should be ready for soldering the components. And that’s how a
PCB is done.
Audio Script
(Context: a risk preventionist is providing a talk to new technicians working for a company) [R: Risk Preventionist T: Technician]
R: Good morning everyone and welcome to our company. My name is Cristina Araneda and I will lead today’s induction. My
job is to help you avoid suffering any type of injury or hazards when performing any type of electrical work. That’s why
the first thing I’ll do is to provide you with your own PPE.
encounter while doing your work. I have a bag with a label for each of you, but before I give it to you, I’ll show you what’s
inside of it.
Number one and the most important thing is gloves. As I know you have already worked before, you know how messed
up your hands can get, so gloves are going to save you from all kinds of cuts and scrapes.
Safety glasses or goggles are another essential PPE. They’ll prevent you from getting your eyes hurt so make sure to use
This one here is a face shield, and you can use it to prevent damaging your whole face while working.
If you have to use a high-speed drill or work in loud places, which is going to be the case here, don’t forget to wear ear
protection like this one to avoid harm in your hearing from loud noise.
This is an anti-static wrist strap, which will help you to reduce static electricity when working on electronic gear. This
wrist strap grounds you at all times and prevents static build-up.
The bag also has safety shoes, coveralls and a hard hat.
Audio Script
(Context: A teacher is giving a lesson about relays and PLCs) [T: Teacher, S: Student]
T: OK, so today we will talk about relays and PLCs, or Programmable Logic Controllers. Both of them can be used in home
A relay is an electro-mechanical operator switch. It’s a hardware switching device that controls the electrical circuit by
using switching logic, whereas a PLC is a mini computerized industrial controller that controls the circuit by performing
For the controlling electro-mechanical system, the basic functions of both relays and PLCs are the same in the
industries but if we compare both of them, PLC systems perform better in terms of work and accuracy, and require less
time and less wiring. The main reasons why industries are shifting to use PLCs over relays are:
First, PLCs play a monitoring as well as a controlling role in designing circuits whereas relays only play a controlling role.
We can write a program on a PLC but not on a relay, and it’s easier to modify the designing circuit on a PLC than a relay.
In addition, PLCs are more flexible and provide more capabilities of inputs and outputs.
S: I have. My father works for a home automation company and he showed me how a PLC functions.
S: Oh, it was a home system to control lights and garden watering. They used a PLC with 14 I/O ports, 8 inputs and 6
outputs.
T: Great! Now I will show you different models of PLCs and how they have been used in various automation projects.
ELECTRONIC BOARD
EAR PROTECTION
GADGET
GLOVES
OMEGA SYMBOL
RIBBON CABLE
SOLDERING GUN
TESTER SCREWDRIVE
WIRE
Boysen, E., & Muir, N. C. (2011). Electronics projects for • Writing Process:
dummies. John Wiley & Sons. Bowen, P. (n.d.) The writing process [PDF file]. Retrieved from
http://bowenpeters.weebly.com/uploads/8/1/1/9/8119969/
tab creativeeducator.tech4learning.com/2013/lessons/
Infographics
English as a second or foreign language. Boston, Mass: CB Creative Bloq (n.d.) The 56 best infographics. Retrieved
information-graphics-1232836
from blog.mide.com/How-electronic-components-work
SPEAKING
com/2011/02/electronica-digital-cekit-34-proyectos- UNIT 3
https://www.elprocus.com/top-10-simple-electronic-circuits-
for-beginners/
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-
multimeter/all
WRITING
http://www.manualsdir.com/manuals/470225/lenovo-h50-
50-desktop-h50-55-desktop-h50-05-desktop-h50-00-
desktop.html?download
UNIT 4
difference-between-plc-relay-controller-advantages/
Arch daily (n.d.) How will home automation affect our future?
will-home-automation-affect-our-future
SPEAKING
uploads/2019/09/Automation-and-AI-will-help-society-
debate-pros-and-cons.pdf
COMPLEMENTARY RESOURCES:
• Final Project
https://www.control4.com/blog/345/78-home-automation-
ideas/