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    Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow

    Uploaded by

    Ashwin Narayan
    The document provides various electrical thumb rules related to cable capacity, current capacity of equipment, earthing resistance, minimum bending radius, insulation resistance, lighting arrestors, transformers, diesel generators, current transformers, and quick electrical calculations. Some key thumb rules include cable capacity being 4-6 times the cable size in square millimeters, earthing resistance should be less than 5 ohms, minimum bending radius is 10-20 times the cable diameter, and insulation resistance values vary based on the type of equipment and voltage rating.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow

    Uploaded by

    Ashwin Narayan
    508 views5 pages
    The document provides various electrical thumb rules related to cable capacity, current capacity of equipment, earthing resistance, minimum bending radius, insulation resistance, lighting arrestors, transformers, diesel generators, current transformers, and quick electrical calculations. Some key thumb rules include cable capacity being 4-6 times the cable size in square millimeters, earthing resistance should be less than 5 ohms, minimum bending radius is 10-20 times the cable diameter, and insulation resistance values vary based on the type of equipment and voltage rating.

    Original Title

    3. Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (1)

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    The document provides various electrical thumb rules related to cable capacity, current capacity of equipment, earthing resistance, minimum bending radius, insulation resistance, lighting arrestors, transformers, diesel generators, current transformers, and quick electrical calculations. Some key thumb rules include cable capacity being 4-6 times the cable size in square millimeters, earthing resistance should be less than 5 ohms, minimum bending radius is 10-20 times the cable diameter, and insulation resistance values vary based on the type of equipment and voltage rating.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    508 views5 pages

    Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow

    Uploaded by

    Ashwin Narayan
    The document provides various electrical thumb rules related to cable capacity, current capacity of equipment, earthing resistance, minimum bending radius, insulation resistance, lighting arrestors, transformers, diesel generators, current transformers, and quick electrical calculations. Some key thumb rules include cable capacity being 4-6 times the cable size in square millimeters, earthing resistance should be less than 5 ohms, minimum bending radius is 10-20 times the cable diameter, and insulation resistance values vary based on the type of equipment and voltage rating.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The document discusses various electrical thumb rules and calculations related to cable sizing, equipment ratings, earthing, insulation testing, transformers and generators.

    The current capacity is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area of copper wires and cables. For wires it is 6 times the area in sqmm and for cables it is 4 times the area in sqmm.

    The insulation resistance values depend on the voltage rating, type of equipment and standards. Higher the voltage and rotating equipment, higher is the recommended insulation resistance value.

    From: https://electrical-engineering-portal.

    com/electrical-thumb-rules-you-must-follow-part-1

    Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (1)

    E
    lectrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 1)

    Electrical Thumb Rules For:

     Cable Capacity
     Current Capacity of Equipment
     Earthing Resistance
     Minimum Bending Radius
     Insulation Resistance
     Lighting Arrestor
     Transformer
     Diesel Generator
     Current Transformer
     Quick Electrical Calculation

    1
    Cable Capacity

     For Cu Wire Current Capacity (Up to 30 Sq.mm) = 6X Size of Wire in Sq.mm
    Ex. For 2.5 Sq.mm = 6×2.5 = 15 Amp, For 1 Sq.mm = 6×1 = 6 Amp, For 1.5 Sq.mm = 6×1.5 = 9
    Amp

     For Cable Current Capacity = 4X Size of Cable in Sq.mm, Ex. For 2.5 Sq.mm = 4×2.5 = 9 Amp.

     Nomenclature for cable Rating = Uo/U

     where Uo = Phase-Ground Voltage, U = Phase-Phase Voltage, Um = Highest Permissible Voltage

    Current Capacity of Equipment

     1 Phase Motor draws Current = 7Amp per HP.

     3 Phase Motor draws Current = 1.25Amp per HP.

     Full Load Current of 3 Phase Motor = HPx1.5

     Full Load Current of 1 Phase Motor = HPx6

     No Load Current of 3 Phase Motor = 30% of FLC

     KW Rating of Motor = HPx0.75

     Full Load Current of equipment = 1.39xKVA (for 3 Phase 415Volt)

     Full Load Current of equipment = 1.74xKw (for 3 Phase 415Volt)

    Earthing Resistance

     Earthing Resistance for Single Pit = 5Ω, Earthing Grid = 0.5Ω

     As per NEC 1985 Earthing Resistance should be < 5Ω.

     Voltage between Neutral and Earth <= 2 Volt

     Resistance between Neutral and Earth <= 1Ω

     Creepage Distance = 18 to 22mm/KV (Moderate Polluted Air) or

     Creepage Distance = 25 to 33mm/KV (Highly Polluted Air)

    Minimum Bending Radius

     Minimum Bending Radius for LT Power Cable = 12 x Dia of Cable.

     Minimum Bending Radius for HT Power Cable = 20 x Dia of Cable.

    2
     Minimum Bending Radius for Control Cable = 10 x Dia of Cable.

    Insulation Resistance

     Insulation Resistance Value for Rotating Machine = (KV+1) MΩ.

     Insulation Resistance Value for Motor (IS 732) = ((20xVoltage (L-L)) / (1000+ (2xKW)).

     Insulation Resistance Value for Equipment (<1KV) = Minimum 1 MΩ.

     Insulation Resistance Value for Equipment (>1KV) = KV 1 MΩ per 1KV.

     Insulation Resistance Value for Panel = 2 x KV rating of the panel.

     Min Insulation Resistance Value (Domestic) = 50 MΩ / No of Points. (All Electrical Points with
    Electrical fitting & Plugs). Should be less than 0.5 MΩ

     Min Insulation Resistance Value (Commercial) = 100 MΩ / No of Points. (All Electrical Points
    without fitting & Plugs).Should be less than 0.5 MΩ.

     Test Voltage (A.C) for Meggering = (2X Name Plate Voltage) +1000

     Test Voltage (D.C) for Meggering = (2X Name Plate Voltage).

     Submersible Pump Take 0.4 KWH of extra Energy at 1 meter drop of Water.

    Lighting Arrestor

    Arrestor have Two Rating:

    1. MCOV=Max. Continuous Line to Ground Operating Voltage.

    2. Duty Cycle Voltage. (Duty Cycle Voltage > MCOV).

    Transformer

     Current Rating of Transformer = KVA x 1.4

     Short Circuit Current of T.C /Generator = Current Rating / % Impedance

     No Load Current of Transformer =< 2% of Transformer Rated current

     Capacitor Current (Ic) = KVAR / 1.732xVolt (Phase-Phase)

     Typically the local utility provides transformers rated up to 500kVA For maximum connected
    load of 99kW,

     Typically the local utility provides transformers rated up to 1250kVA For maximum connected
    load of 150kW.

    3
     The diversity they would apply to apartments is around 60%

     Maximum HT (11kV) connected load will be around 4.5MVA per circuit.

     4No. earth pits per transformer (2No. for body and 2No. for neutral earthing),

     Clearances, approx.1000mm around TC allow for transformer movement for replacement.

    Diesel Generator

     Diesel Generator Set Produces = 3.87 Units (KWH) in 1 Litter of Diesel.

     Requirement Area of Diesel Generator = for 25KW to 48KW = 56 Sq.meter, 100KW = 65


    Sq.meter.

     DG less than or equal to 1000kVA must be in a canopy.

     DG greater 1000kVA can either be in a canopy or skid mounted in an acoustically treated room

     DG noise levels to be less than 75dBA at 1 meter.

     DG fuel storage tanks should be a maximum of 990 Litter per unit. Storage tanks above this level
    will trigger more stringent explosion protection provision.

    Current Transformer

    Nomenclature of CT:

     Ratio: input / output current ratio

     Burden (VA): total burden including pilot wires. (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30VA.)

     Class: Accuracy required for operation (Metering: 0.2, 0.5, 1 or 3, Protection: 5, 10, 15, 20, 30).

     Accuracy Limit Factor:

     Nomenclature of CT: Ratio, VA Burden, Accuracy Class, Accuracy Limit Factor.Example: 1600/5,


    15VA 5P10  (Ratio: 1600/5, Burden: 15VA, Accuracy Class: 5P, ALF: 10)

     As per IEEE Metering CT: 0.3B0.1 rated Metering CT is accurate to 0.3 percent if the connected
    secondary burden if impedance does not exceed 0.1 ohms.

     As per IEEE Relaying (Protection) CT: 2.5C100 Relaying CT is accurate within 2.5 percent if the
    secondary burden is less than 1.0 ohm (100 volts/100A).

    4
    Quick Electrical Calculation

    1HP = 0.746KW Star Connection


    1KW = 1.36HP Line Voltage = √3 Phase Voltage
    1Watt = 0.846 Kla/Hr Line Current = Phase Current
    1Watt = 3.41 BTU/Hr Delta Connection
    1KWH = 3.6 MJ Line Voltage = Phase Voltage
    1Cal = 4.186 J Line Current = √3 Phase Current
    1Tone = 3530 BTU
    85 Sq.ft Floor Area = 1200 BTU
    1Kcal = 4186 Joule
    1KWH = 860 Kcal
    1Cal = 4.183 Joule

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